DE69514005T2 - STEP LAMPS FOR DIRECT LIGHT RADIATION - Google Patents

Description

The subject of the invention are slats for redirecting light and for protecting against radiation with a first section located in the radiation area E with a step-like gradation of the slat sheet, consisting of a tread and riser, whereby the inclination β of the tread forms a gradient from the radiation area to the interior, and a second section.

It is known to form blind slats in a stepped manner (US 2,103,788) and to arrange the slats horizontally. The disadvantage of this arrangement is that in summer as well as in winter, direct solar radiation is completely blocked out. Another disadvantage is that the slats are so close together that there is no transparency from the inside to the outside. Another disadvantage is that only radiation from the ground between the slats can penetrate into the interior, so that the interior is not sufficiently illuminated.

It is also known to design slats for radiation shields in a stepped manner, with the individual steps being at different angles to one another and the treads and risers being arranged in different lengths. (DE OS 27 32 592). DE OS 4239003 A1 also discloses blind slats which are stepped on their upper side and are at right angles to one another. The blind slats described are also stepped on the underside. The individual steps on the underside of the slat are partly concave or convex. The steps on the upper side of the blind slat are flat or planar. This results in the light radiation being reflected from the upper side of a slat onto the underside of the upper slat. On the underside of the upper slat, the light radiation is then deflected by a corresponding concave shape so that the light is deflected in a controlled manner onto the work or floor level. Redirecting light to the ceiling and into the depth of the room is only possible to a limited extent. The double redirection of light on the top and bottom of the blind slats is seen as a disadvantage, as every reflection - even on reflective surfaces - results in absorption by the slats. The absorption leads to undesirable heating and a reduction in the amount of light. If only the bottom is curved and the top is flat or level, there can be many reflections between the slats in summer at high angles of incidence of the sun until a beam is reflected into the interior or back out into the exterior. This leads to considerable heating of the slats, which - especially in summer - becomes unpleasantly effective as heat radiation in the interior. If there is a reflection movement between the slats, it cannot be guaranteed that light radiation will be redirected to the ceiling and into the depth of the room to illuminate the depth of the room. It can even lead to glare on the Workplace because there is no precise control over the angle of light entering the interior.

The invention therefore has the task of developing slats that completely block out the sunlight in summer at high angles of incidence of the sun - even without tracking the slats - and that partially redirect flat winter sunlight and diffuse radiation to the ceiling and into the depths of the interior, without necessarily having to pivot the slats into a horizontal axis.

This object is achieved according to the characterizing part of claim 1.

The advantage of the innovation is that, in contrast to all known blind slats, these can remain in a flat, open position even at high angles of incidence, so that light can pass through and be diverted in favor of illuminating the depth of the room even when the direct summer sun is blocked out. At the same time, the blind remains transparent. The usual disadvantage of blinds, which are swung into a closed position in the summer sun and become opaque and impermeable to light, is avoided. Further advantages are clear from the descriptions.

Show it:

Fig. 1 a perspective section through several slats arranged one above the other, for example of a blind

Fig. 2 the cross section through three horizontal blind slats arranged one above the other

Fig. 3 the cross section through a first section of a stepped blind slat in horizontal arrangement

Fig. 4 the section through a slat with glass cover

Fig. 5 shows the section through an insulating glazing for sloping roof surfaces with an inlet made of the slats according to the invention

Fig. 6 the cross section through a large lamella

Fig. 7 Arrangement of the large slat in the skylight area in an almost horizontal position

Fig. 8, 8.1 Additional slats and their fastening

Fig. 9 Magnetically controlled slats

Fig. 1 shows the cross-section of a horizontal blind consisting of the slats 10 to 13, which are arranged with an inclination towards the sun 15. The slats consist of a stepped first part and a flat second part. The stepped part is basically oriented towards the outside, the flat part towards the inside. The blind can be arranged outside, inside or in the air space between insulating glazing. In the examples presented, the term blind also includes all rigid slat systems, i.e. also those which either cannot be moved together and can only be rotated about a horizontal axis or which are also arranged in a fixed position. Light radiation 4 which strikes the stepped slat part from outside is reflected back into the radiation cross-section E. Light radiation 15 which strikes the flat slat part oriented towards the inside at a flat angle of incidence is reflected into the inside with the beam 15.1. The reflected light radiation is reflected into the inside by inclining the second section essentially at an angle τ > 0. The steps 16 have an inclination angle β to the horizontal H. The steps have a gradient from the radiation cross-section E between the starting points of two superimposed slats to the interior. The inclinations of the step and the second, flat section 17 have an obtuse angle Ω to each other, whereby the inclination γ2 of the second section, as in the present case, is usually opposite to the inclination β of the step and is constant or advantageously increases continuously or discontinuously, as can be seen from further figures.

This rule applies to all embodiments of the inventions. The starting point is always the point that is closest to the radiation cross-section E.

A line 7 through the starting point 8 and the end point 9 of the slat 13 advantageously takes an angle γ to the horizontal of

γ = 0-30º

The entire lamella can be convexly curved, as in the present case. The end point 6 of the first section 5 or the starting point of the second section 4 is above the straight line 7. This point 6 can also be arranged on the straight line 7 or below the straight line 7, which essentially results in a concave shape of the lamella.

The surfaces of the slats are highly reflective on the irradiation side, i.e. white or preferably mirrored or, for example, with a reflective matt silver, aluminum or gold sheen. The underside of the slats can also be mirrored or reflective matt or colored, e.g. painted white or colored.

Fig. 2 shows the cross section through three blind slats 23, 24, 25 lying one above the other. The blind slats consist of a first section 26, 27, 28, which is oriented towards the outside space 32, and a second section 29, 30, 31, which is oriented towards the inside space 33. The first section 26, 27, 28 is formed from a step-shaped reflector, which is made up of a large number of reflector parts 34, 35, 36, 37 and others, and forms, for example, an angle of inclination.

The steps of the first section consist of concavely shaped treads 35, 36, 45 and concavely shaped risers 34, 37, 46, 48. The risers 34, 37, 46, 48 can also be flat or convexly shaped.

An incident beam 44 hits the step 45 of the first section 26. The beam 44 is reflected by the step 45 onto the riser 46. The beam 44 is reflected back into the outside space 32 at the riser. A flat sunbeam 47 that falls on the riser 48 of the first section 28 is reflected back directly into the outside space 32. In particular, the riser 34, 37, 46, 48 is curved from the inside, so that it is not possible for the viewer to see a reflection from the inside or be blinded by reflection.

The curved design of the treads and risers of the first section of the blind slats according to the teaching of the invention ensures that all of the radiation reflected back from the slat into the outside space in favor of passive cooling of the interior is diffusely scattered.

The flatter winter sun is only partially reflected outwards at the steps, while another part, which hits the second section 29 to 31, can be redirected into the depth of the room. The same applies to diffuse radiation: the diffuse radiation is also redirected into the depth of the room. The teaching of the invention involves shaping and angling the second section in such a way that the radiation 65, 65.1 is not reflected onto the underside of the upper slat, but directly onto the interior ceiling. This shaping of the second section can be done as a curve or in segments made up of straight or curved sections. The distance between the slats and the start and end points of the slats is determined as follows:

A shadow line 55 between the starting point 51 of an upper slat 23 and the end point 52 of a lower slat 24 forms a

Angle α3 < 30º.

A shadow line 56 between the starting point 51 of an upper slat 23 and the end point 53 of the first section 27 of the lower slat 24 forms a

Angle of α₄ > 30º < 60º.

These specifications refer to the normal position and may change if the slats are rotated around a horizontal axis.

The first section 26, 27, 28 and the second section 29, 30, 31 have a width of B₁. or B₂. The following size ratios apply:

B = B₁ + B₂ = 1

The sections relate to the total width as

B₁/B = 0.5 ± 0.1 and B₂/B = 0.5 ± 0.1.

When constructing the second section, it is very important to influence the reflection paths through the tangent inclination of the curve points so that the sun is not reflected onto the underside of the upper slat. This process is explained using the example of slats 24 and 25: A shadow line 65 that falls into the starting point 66 of the second section 31 of the slat 25 must reflect into the interior 33 below the end point 52 of the upper slat 24. The construction of the tangent inclination at point 66 is carried out in the known manner by determining the bisector 67 between the incident beam 65 and the reflected beam 65.1. The exact curve of the entire second section 29, 30, 31 of the slat can be constructed in the same way. Of course, the curve can be chosen to be flatter, but not steeper, as is explained in the ray path 49, 49.1.

Fig. 3 serves to precisely define the shape of the first, stepped section. The maximum angle of incidence on the facade αmax is determined. This is the highest angle of incidence depending on the latitude and the direction of the facade. A ray 117 incident at an angle αmax on the starting point 118 of the step 104 is reflected onto the riser 103. The starting point 112 on the riser 103 is set as the outermost meeting point, so that a direct ray of sunlight, which could lead to overheating, is prevented from penetrating the interior. From point 112, the ray is reflected back into the exterior through the radiation cross section E. The angle bisector between the incident beam 117 and the reflected beam 117.1 is constructed at point 118 and the tangent inclination t₁₁₈ perpendicular to the angle bisector 118.1. The tangent t₁₁₈ can be steeper to the horizontal H at a steeper angle β, but should not be inclined more gently. Diffuse zenith radiation 119, 119.1 at an angle of incidence > αmax is deliberately directed into the interior.

The riser is constructed using the same method: The beam 116 at point 112 is guided by the inclination of the tangent t112 so that it is reflected back into the radiation cross-section E by the step 104 at point 113. αmax is approximately 67º on a south-facing facade in Frankfurt. Radiation 119 at an angle > αmax is partly diverted into the interior and leads to increased illumination with diffuse sky radiation from the zenith. Of course, a type developed for a south-facing facade can also be used on the east or west facade.

If one follows different beam paths 120, 121, it can be observed that each tread and riser can be designed differently depending on its position relative to the starting point 109 of the upper lamella. The treads 104, 106, 108 become longer with increasing distance from the radiation cross-section, the risers 103, 105, 107 become shorter with increasing distance from the radiation cross-section.

This law refers to the size ratios between a visually related tread and riser. If the size ratios of the first tread and riser in the radiation cross-section are set equal to 1, the ratio of tread to riser of at least the last step is > 1.

Fig. 4 shows the slat 69 according to the invention in connection with an outer cover 70, which consists, for example, of glass or plexiglass or of a film. Such a slat is advantageously used in the outside area in front of the facade. The connection between the slat 69 and the outer pane 70 is made, for example, using a water vapor diffusion-tight adhesive 81, as is known from insulating glass production. The starting points 75 to 79 of the treads and the end point 80 of the second section lie on a straight line. The treads 71 to 74 at their starting points 75 to 79 form an angle β to the horizontal H, which decreases with increasing distance from the radiation cross-section E. The tangents of the starting points of the treads and risers form an acute angle β.

Fig. 5 shows an insulating glazing consisting of an outer pane 80 and an inner pane 81. Slats 83, 84 are installed in the air gap 82 of the insulating glazing, which correspond to the design according to the invention. The insulating glazing is installed in a roof glazing with an incline.

Fig. 6 shows a large slat that is installed, for example, between the lower window area and the skylight area of an interior room. The key point for the construction is point 90, corresponding to the lintel edge 91 in Fig. 7. The slat is constructed in the known manner in relation to this lintel edge 91. According to the previous explanations in Fig. 2, the lintel edge 91 corresponds to the starting point of an upper slat. The special advantage of the large slat is shown in Fig. 7: The slat can also be used to direct light from an indirect light source 92. The light source is arranged as a linear light or as a spotlight in the parapet area and shines the light onto the underside of the slat. At the underside, the light is redirected onto the desk in accordance with DIN standards. The special feature of the slat in Fig. 6 and 7 is its horizontal alignment. The slat construction according to the invention therefore allows slats with a horizontal orientation and slats with an inclination towards the floor level, which nevertheless have the desired radiation behavior in favor of a summery, passive cooling effect and a reduction in glare in the outside area. The advantage of this construction is, among other things, that the slat in an open position allows very good visibility and a very high level of diffuse light to enter the interior. The example shows that the slat can also have an inclination of < 0 with a slope towards the interior.

The slat can be assembled from a large number of individual reflectors, whereby, for example, each step and riser forms a reflector strip, which are all joined together to form a staircase-shaped structure. The second section can also be assembled from a large number of curved slats arranged next to one another.

Fig. 8 shows 2 slats 206, 207. The first section 208, 209 has steps that increase in size starting from the radiation cross-section. The advantage of this design is that the slat is very narrow. The visibility D between the slats is several times the height h of the slats.

The slats 206, 207 have a special feature: They have grooves 210, 211 into which a reinforcement, e.g. sheet steel, can be inserted. At the same time, the grooves serve to accommodate support elements 214, 215 in Fig. 8.1, which are inserted into the grooves and protrude beyond the slat and are held in a locking mechanism. Such a locking mechanism is shown in Fig. 8.1. This is a sheet that is arranged on the end faces and has the punched-outs 212, 213. The support bolts 214, 215 can be seen in the punched-outs, which protrude from the grooves on the end faces. The bolts fix the profile in its position.

Fig. 9 shows the same slats as in Fig. 8, but the slats are mounted so they can rotate around a horizontal axis. They are shown in the basic position A and in the tilted position B. By tilting the slats into position B, the system closes against the flat sun 216. The slats of the blinds are pivoted either in the usual way or by means of a magnetic impulse. This is explained using the upper slat 217: Bolts with an angled arm 218 are inserted into the grooves 210, 211 in Fig. 8. The tip of the arm touches a magnet 219, 220. Depending on the current impulse, the arm is pulled towards the change magnet 219 or 220 so that the slat tilts into the desired position A or B. A third, pivoted position is also conceivable, which can be achieved in a similar way using a pivoting arm on the opposite end faces of the slats.

It is also conceivable to have a basic position A, into which the system tilts itself due to an imbalance in the support, and a position B and possibly C, into which the system is rotated by a magnetic impulse.

A variant of the invention, not shown but very advantageous, is the penetration of spaced-apart horizontal slats by orthogonally arranged additional slats, so that a grid-shaped surface structure is produced. The orthogonally penetrating slats can either have a smooth or convex surface or can also be designed in a stepped manner. Such mirror grid elements are particularly advantageous when arranged in the air gap between insulating glass units in the roof and facade area.

The slats are made of steel or aluminum or plastic. Preferred manufacturing processes are roll forming from a steel or aluminum sheet, the aluminum pressing process, the drawing and/or rolling process or the plastic extrusion process. Slats produced using the roll forming process preferably have the same contour on their top as on their bottom. Slats produced using the pressing or extrusion process or also the drawing and rolling process can have a completely different contour on their bottom than on their top. For example, it is possible to provide grooves or grooves on the bottom. The bottom of the first section can be smooth so that the stepped structure is not visible. The bottom can have its own curve, which is developed according to other optical laws, such as for reflecting artificial light from the interior or for reflecting artificial light flooded onto the facade back into the outside.

Claims (19)

1. Slats (10, 11, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 69, 83, 84, 206, 207) for redirecting light and for blocking out radiation with a first section (5, 26, 27, 28, 208, 209) located in the radiation area with a step-like gradation of the slat sheet, consisting of treads (6, 35, 36, 45, 71, 72, 73, 74, 104, 106, 108) and risers (34, 37, 46, 103, 105, 107), whereby the inclination β at least the first step forms a gradient from the irradiation area to the interior (33) at least at the starting point, and a second section (4, 29, 30, 31), characterized in that a, at least the top of the first section has at least one step which at least at the starting point (51, 54, 118) differs in its inclination at least from parts of the second section (6, 65, 53) and that b. the inclination β of the tangents at least in the starting points (8, 51, 54) of the first steps (16) and at least parts of the second section (6, 66, 53) form an obtuse angle Ω to each other and that c. parallel solar radiation striking the slats (10, 11, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 69, 83, 84, 206, 207) can be deflected from the first section (5, 26, 27, 28, 208, 209) into the irradiation cross-section and solar radiation striking the second section (4, 29, 30, 31) of the slat is essentially impossible to enter the interior (33). 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the tangent inclination of the second section (17, 29, 30, 31) increases substantially towards the interior (33) in that the angle γ between the tangent and the horizontal increases continuously or discontinuously. 3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cross section the starting point (8, 51, 54) of the slat (10, 11, 12, 13, 23, 24, 25, 69, 83, 84, 206, 207) is the starting point of the first section (5, 26, 27, 28, 208, 209) and that the end point (9, 52, 30) of the slat is the end point of the second section (4, 29, 30, 31) and that the first section and the second section 13 are in a width ratio to the total width B such that B/B = 0.5 ± 0.1, B/B = 0.5 ± 0.1. 4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that between the vertically superimposed slats between the starting point (51) of an upper slat (23) and the end point (52) of a lower slat (24) a shadow line (55) runs at an angle α1 of α₁ < 30º and that the inclination of a shadow line (16) between the starting point (51) of an upper slat (23) and the end point (53) of the step-shaped first section (27) of a lower slat (24) runs at an angle α1 of α₁ > 30º < 60º. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the end point (75) of the last stage of the first section lies on a straight line which connects the starting point (79) of the first section with the end point (80) of the second section. 6. System according to claim 5, characterized in that a straight line (7) between the starting point (8) of a slat (13) in the radiation cross-section and the end point (9) of this slat to the interior (33) forms an angle α1 to the horizontal of α₁ = 0 to 30º. 7. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the second section (4, 29, 30, 31) forms a slatted strip located towards the interior (33), which is curved or made up of segments or curved segments and that the curve of the second section or its segments rises from the first section to the interior. 8. System according to claim 1, characterized in that risers (34, 346, 103, 105, 103, 105, 107) and/or treads (16, 35, 36, 45, 71, 72, 73, 74, 104, 106, 108) of the step of the first section (5, 26, 27, 28, 203, 209) are concavely curved and that in the case of several steps the ratio of step to riser is at least greater in the last step (108/107) than in the first step (104/103) in the radiation area. 9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that at least risers of the first sections, which are furthest away from the radiation cross-section, are convexly shaped. 10. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the treads and risers (208, 209) of the slats (206, 207) become larger from the radiation cross-section in the direction of the second section. 11. System according to claim 1, characterized in that slats (83, 84) are installed in the air gap of an insulating glazing (80, 81). 12. System according to claim 1, characterized in that slats (69) on the sunlight side are combined with a translucent cover (70). 13. System according to claim 1, characterized in that slats (206, 207) have grooves on their underside which serve to accommodate reinforcements and/or support elements (214, 215). 14. System according to claim 1, characterized in that slats (206, 207) are pivoted by magnetic impulses in that each individual slat is rotated via pivot arms (218) arranged on the front side and in that the pivot arms are attracted by alternating magnets or elements (219, 220) equipped as alternating magnets or are repelled by them. 15. System according to claim 1, characterized in that slats are arranged horizontally and one above the other and that the slats are installed in the facade or roof area in the type and size of a blind and are mounted so that they can rotate. 16. Annex to Claim 1, characterized in that the slats are arranged as individual slats between the skylight area and the window area and the slats are assembled from several components and these slats can have a width of up to more than 1 m. 17. System according to claim 20, characterized in that a light source (92) is arranged below the slats on the outside or inside side and these slats are designed and used as a reflection screen for artificial light radiation on the underside and for reflecting daylight on the top. 18. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the slats are orthogonally penetrated by further slats and a grid element is produced as a result of this penetration. 19. System according to claim 1, characterized in that solar radiation striking the first section (5, 26, 27, 28, 208, 209) can be deflected preferably with one or two reflections into the irradiation cross-section, and solar radiation striking the second section (4, 29, 30, 31) can be deflected preferably with a single reflection at an angle > 0 to the horizontal.