DE2760374C2 - Feed mixture containing flavophospholipol and proteolytic enzymes - Google Patents

Description

High-performance animal feed, as commonly used in intensive animal husbandry today, contains a number of additives with a prophylactic and/or nutritional effect. These include antibiotics and enzymes. While the use of antibiotics has already become established in all types of compound feed, enzymes are not yet used on a large scale in practice.

Feedstuffs containing enzymes are known in principle from DE-AS 10 84 123. This describes a protein and starch-containing supplementary feed for suckling piglets aged less than 8 weeks. The enzymes described are fungal proteases or bacterial proteases and/or fungal amylases or bacterial amylases. There is no reference to the particularly beneficial effect of feed mixtures that have an enzyme activity in a precisely defined range on the one hand and a content of antibiotics on the other.

The feed mixtures used in modern intensive animal husbandry are generally optimized in all nutrient components to such an extent that further improvement does not seem possible. For example, animal feed mixtures based on proteolytic enzymes and flavophospholipol are known from the unpublished German patent DE-PS 26 53 480. The amount of the antibiotic described there is 5-20 ppm.

Surprisingly, however, it was found that even high-performance feeds composed in this way can be improved in terms of feed utilization and/or the weight gain that can be achieved by increasing the amount of antibiotic used.

The invention relates to a feed mixture based on carbohydrates, protein, fats and optionally conventional additives and a content of flavophospholipol and proteolytic enzymes in such an amount that an enzymatic activity of 0.05 to 2.5 mTU/g is present, wherein one enzyme unit (TU) is the amount of enzyme which releases cleavage products from a casein solution in one minute which have the same extinction as a 1 mol/l tyrosine solution, characterized in that the content of flavophospholipol is more than 20 to 150 ppm.

The antibiotic flavophospholipol is a phosphorus-containing glycolipid with the composition 48.5% C, 73% H, 37.3% O, 5.1% N, 1.8% P and a molecular weight in the alkaline range of 1700. It is produced by a group of grey-green streptomycetes deposited with the American Type Culture Collection under the numbers ATCC 13 879, ATCC 14 762, ATCC 15 503 and ATCC 15 304.

Suitable proteolytic enzymes are obtained primarily by culturing microorganisms and separating them from the nutrient solutions. The processes for this are known. For example, proteolytic enzymes from Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus natta, Bacillus subtilis, etc. are used. Acidic proteases are particularly preferred, e.g. from Aspergillus niger or from Rhizopus rhizopodiformis according to patent application DE-OS 25 28 490. Such proteases have a particularly broad spectrum of activity in the weakly acidic range between pH 2.5-6.5.

Commercial feed mixtures are composed as optimally as possible for the specific needs of the individual animal species. The basis is carbohydrates, mainly from grain components, corn or similar. The main sources of protein are soya meal, fish meal, animal meal, bran and the like. Missing amino acids, e.g. methionine, can also be added. Fats are added in the form of vegetable or animal fats or waste fats. Salts such as dicalcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and table salt are also added to build up the body. If necessary, the feed mixture is rounded off by adding trace elements, vitamins, fiber, etc. Substances produced by fermentation such as single-cell proteins from petroleum fractions or alcohols, various yeasts, algae protein or other substances, possibly also obtained from waste materials, can also be part of the feed recipe to a considerable extent.

The animal feed mixtures according to the invention contain, in addition to the usual components tailored to a specific animal species, more than 20-150 ppm, preferably 40-80 ppm of one of the antibiotics mentioned and proteolytic enzymes in such an amount that the enzymatic activity is 0.05-2.5 mTU/g, preferably 0.2-0.5 mTU/g. In particular, a combination of one of the antibiotics mentioned and an acidic fungal protease or protease mixture is used. The increase or improvement in feed utilization achieved thereby is up to 4% compared to corresponding control mixtures containing only one of the antibiotics.

The effective combination of the antibiotics and enzymes mentioned above has proven particularly effective in piglet starter and rearing feed. However, it can also be useful for all other animal species where the use of the antibiotics mentioned above alone is already beneficial, e.g. in pig fattening, in laying hen feed and in calf rearing.

The antibiotic in question is preferably added to the feed in the form of a premix, e.g. bound to soya meal. When using meal-like feed compositions, the enzyme component is also applied as a premix. Any feed component, e.g. soya meal, acts as a carrier substance. When using steam-pelleted feed, the enzymes must be added in a suitably stabilized form in order to prevent deactivation by moisture and heat during pelleting. Such a process is, for example, the subject of DE-OS 26 02 260.

To determine the enzyme unit (TU), the proteolytic activity of the protease is determined according to the well-known Anson principle: a suitably diluted amount of enzyme solution is incubated at 40°C for 20 minutes with an equal volume of a 1.2% casein solution containing 0.6% lactic acid, 6 mol/l urea and 0.1 mol/l citric or acetic acid. The pH of the casein solution is adjusted to 4.5 by adding 2 mol/l sodium hydroxide solution. After incubation, 0.4 mol/l trichloroacetic acid is added in a volume ratio of 1:1, the precipitate of undigested casein that forms is filtered off and the protein fragments formed during degradation in the filtrate are determined using any protein determination method. The method described by Layne in Methods in Enzymology 3 (1957) pages 448 ff. is suitable for this.

A blank value must be prepared for each sample, in which trichloroacetic acid and then casein solution are added first. This blank value indicates, in addition to the reagent blank value, the proportion of low molecular weight peptides that are already present in the enzyme solution before digestion. The difference between the main value and the blank value is then compared with the extinction that a certain amount of tyrosine produces in this determination using the specified method. This amount of tyrosine is then a measure of the proteolytic activity of the enzyme in question: one enzyme unit (TU) is the amount of enzyme that releases cleavage products from a casein solution in one minute that have the same extinction as a 1 mol/l tyrosine solution. The usual expression is mTU=10 ^-3 TU.

example 1

• a) mit Zusatz von 80 ppm Flavophospholipol
  b) mit Zusatz von 80 ppm Flavophospholipol und 0,38 mTU/g saure Proteasen aus Aspergillus niger und Rhizopus rhizopodiformis

gefüttert und nach Abschluß des Versuches die tägliche Gewichtszunahme pro Tier und die Futterverwertung bestimmt. Unter "Futterverwertung" wird das Verhältnis Futterverbrauch : Zuwachs verstanden.52 piglets of the DL breed were fed with a similar feed mixture for 35 days starting from an average live weight of approximately 10 kg, but

• a) with addition of 80 ppm flavophospholipol
  b) with the addition of 80 ppm flavophospholipol and 0.38 mTU/g acid proteases from Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus rhizopodiformis

fed and, after completion of the experiment, the daily weight gain per animal and the feed conversion rate were determined. "Feed conversion rate" is understood to mean the ratio of feed consumption to growth.

Feed composition

The feed composition was identical to that of Example 1. Result °=c:130&udf54;HH&udf53;ta:9:13.6:18&udf54;&udf53;tz5.5&udf54;&udf53;tw,4&udf54;&udf53;sg8&udf54;\\a)&udf50;with FL\ b)&udf50;m. FL+E&udf53;tz5.10&udf54;&udf53;tw,4&udf54;&udf53;sg9&udf54;\t¿gl. Weight gain/animal\ 648¤g\ 680¤g&udf53;tz&udf54; \Feed conversion\ 2.20\ 2.18&udf53;tz10&udf54;&udf53;te&udf54;&udf53;sg8&udf54;@0FL:@1Flavophospholipol&udf50;@0E:@1proteolytic enzymes from the mentioned microorganisms&udf53;zl&udf54;&udf53;eb0&udf54;&udf53;sg9&udf54;

Claims (2)

1. Feed mixture based on carbohydrates, proteins, fats and, if appropriate, conventional additives and containing flavophospholipol and proteolytic enzymes in an amount such that an enzymatic activity of 0.05 to 2.5 mTU/g is present, where one enzyme unit (TU) is the amount of enzyme which releases cleavage products from a casein solution in one minute which have the same extinction as a 1 mol/l tyrosine solution, characterized in that the flavophospholipol content is more than 20 to 150 ppm. 2. Feed mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the proteolytic enzymes are acid proteases with an activity spectrum between pH 2.5-6.5.