DE102010039497A1 - Arrangement and method for room air conditioning - Google Patents

Abstract

It is known that devices and methods for room air conditioning regulate the room temperature to a specifiable setpoint. The inventive arrangement for air conditioning has at least one temperature sensor for measuring an actual room temperature, and at least one control unit, the control unit being designed to switch between at least two operating modes, the operating modes being linked to the actual room temperature in such a way that when you leave one specifiable target room temperature interval is switched from a first to a second operating mode. The air conditioning method according to the invention comprises the generation of a supply air and an exhaust air flow to ventilate at least one room (1, 2, ... N), the detection of the actual room temperature in the at least one room (1, 2, ... N), as well as the supply air and extract air temperature, and the regulation of the at least two operating modes. The second operating mode is a control mode that includes a change in the actual room temperature by means of ventilation with supply air, the temperature of which deviates from the room air temperature, and the first operating mode is a base load operation that includes ventilation with a definable minimum supply air volume flow.

Description

The present invention relates to an arrangement for room air conditioning. In addition, a method for room air conditioning is specified.

Known air-conditioning devices also have one or more temperature sensors in addition to blowers, heating and / or cooling devices. The temperature sensors measure the room air temperature in one or more rooms or room zones. In the known devices, the room air temperature is first set to a predetermined desired value and then maintained at this desired value.

In addition to the temperature control usually a pressure control is made. For this purpose, previous air conditioning devices are equipped with a large number of pressure sensors. Separate control loops have hitherto been used to control additional room climate parameters.

The regulation of the temperature to a constant setpoint has the disadvantage that the air mixing in the rooms to be air-conditioned is uneven and the air exchange rate too low. So far, this is counteracted with high supply and exhaust rates. However, too high supply and exhaust rates lead to unnecessarily high energy consumption of the air conditioning device for the heating or cooling of the large converted air masses.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved arrangement for room air conditioning. Another object of the invention is to provide a method for room air conditioning.

The object is solved by an arrangement according to the patent claim 1. An associated method is specified in claim 8. Further developments of the arrangement and the method are the subject of the dependent claims.

The arrangement according to the invention is used for the air conditioning of rooms. In this case, at least one room, but especially a plurality of rooms, is conditioned by an arrangement according to the present invention. Under a room, beyond a closed space, is also meant to be a semi-open room or a room zone. For example, a large closed space may be divided into a plurality of space zones.

The air conditioning arrangement includes, for example, a supply air duct with fresh air inlet, a blower, a heating and cooling device, a humidifier, a dehumidifier and channel valves, which are in particular throttle, an exhaust duct with exhaust air outlet and a recirculation duct.

The arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one temperature sensor for measuring an actual room temperature. In particular, at least one temperature sensor is provided for each room to be conditioned. Preferably, further temperature sensors are provided, which are arranged in the supply and exhaust air duct system. If several temperature sensors are included, they are preferably arranged in a supply, exhaust air and recirculating air duct system in such a way that a detection of supply, exhaust air and circulating air temperature is ensured. Preferably, temperature sensors are arranged in front of and behind heating and cooling devices in the supply air duct, with respect to the supply air flow direction.

Furthermore, the air conditioning arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to switch between at least two operating modes. In this case, the operating modes are coupled to the actual room temperature in such a way that when leaving a predefinable desired-room temperature interval, the system switches from a first to a second operating mode. The nominal room temperature interval may include up to 1 ° C. Preferably, the nominal room temperature interval comprises up to 2 ° C, in particular 2 ° C. For example, the desired room temperature interval may also be greater than 2 ° C.

The setpoint temperature interval may include a temperature range that may range from 0.1 ° C to 10 ° C, depending on the minimum setpoint temperature or dependent on the maximum setpoint temperature. Preferably, the temperature interval comprises a temperature range of 2 ° C. In particular, the control unit may be preceded by a device which adjusts the totality of all detected actual temperatures in the rooms to be air-conditioned with the setpoint temperature interval.

This has the advantage that the air conditioning arrangement according to the invention operates at intervals and not a constant control is made to a constant setpoint.

For example, the first operating mode may be a base load operation, which includes a ventilation with a definable minimum supply air volume flow. The second operating mode, for example, a control mode, which includes a change in the actual room temperature by means of ventilation with supply air, the temperature of which deviates from the room air temperature.

The air conditioning arrangement is advantageously designed such that the operating modes are coupled to the actual room temperature such that is switched from a first to a second operating mode when leaving a predetermined desired room temperature interval above a lower or upper limit of the desired room temperature interval. The second operating mode also stops when the actual temperature above this lower or upper limit again enters the desired room temperature interval. Only when reaching the actual room temperature of the opposite upper or lower limit of the desired room temperature interval is switched back to the first operating mode. In the control mode, for example, a maximum setpoint temperature in the case of heating or a minimum setpoint temperature in the case of cooling is obtained.

This causes that rarely has to be switched between the operating modes. Also creates no air flow with low temperature difference to the indoor air, which is perceived by room users as unpleasant. The accompanying interval operation of the ventilation has the advantage of a thrust-like ventilation. Short-circuit air flows between supply and exhaust air duct can be avoided. This ensures good air mixing and air exchange rate in the rooms to be air conditioned.

Alternatively, the control mode can take place up to an average setpoint temperature.

In a further embodiment of the arrangement, an input device for the control unit is included, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the setpoint temperature interval to individual inputs within definable limits. This refinement has the advantage of influencing the times of the control operation and in particular of setting them such that normal operating times fall on user-preferred periods of time.

In a further embodiment of the arrangement, at least one sensor for detecting room climate parameters, in particular an air humidity sensor and at least one control unit is included, wherein the control unit is used for humidifying and / or dehumidifying the supply air. The control of the humidity has the particular advantage that extremely dry or extremely humid indoor air can be avoided, which can be uncomfortable for room users. The limits for humidity values in the rooms to be air-conditioned are preferably set during the commissioning phase. These limits depend on the setpoint temperature range, the outside temperature, the procurement of the interior walls, the consideration of thermal bridges. Humidity limits are adhered to in order to set the limit values for the humidity in the rooms to be air-conditioned in order to prevent condensation and thus mold on interior walls.

The air conditioning arrangement comprises, for example, a device for changing the air humidity, wherein this device comprises a humidifying device and a dehumidifying device. The dehumidifying device is, for example, a dry dehumidifier. Alternatively, the dehumidifying device can be realized by means of a cooling device and a downstream heating device. For the control of the humidity, the humidity setpoints, eg. B. between 35% and 65% relative humidity. The humidification or dehumidification of the supply air takes place until a moisture limit value is reached. As soon as a moisture limit value is reached, there is no need for further humidification or dehumidification of the supply air, as a result of which humidification or dehumidification accounts for a minimum amount of energy used.

It is advantageous if a control of the humidity of the supply air is made such that an adjustment of the recirculation and fresh air portion of the supply air is made by controlling the channel valves in the recirculation and fresh air duct. For this purpose, the arrangement is advantageously designed such that at least one circulating air and one fresh air duct are included, at least one controllable duct valve in the circulating air and at least one controllable duct valve is arranged in the fresh air duct and wherein the control unit is configured to supply and / or dehumidify the supply air to make an adjustment of the recirculation and fresh air portion of the supply air by controlling the channel valves in the recirculation and fresh air duct.

Preferably, circulating air and fresh air duct are guided so that a common controllable channel valve is arranged.

Such a control unit for loading and / or dehumidifying the supply air is advantageously designed so that in addition to the moisture content of the supply air, in addition, the CO ₂ - and / or VOC concentration (volatile organic compounds) can be controlled. In particular, a separate control device can be provided, which controls the channel valves, preferably the channel valves in fresh air and recirculated air duct, and, for example, grants a minimum fresh air content.

In particular, the control unit for humidifying and / or dehumidifying the supply air can also carry out the control of a blower or a duct valve for controlling the supply air volume flow. Advantageously, the control unit for humidifying and / or dehumidifying the supply air and the control unit are coupled.

For example, an air humidity control may be provided, wherein detected actual air humidity values having a predetermined desired air humidity value or a predetermined desired air humidity interval be matched. The humidity control takes place in particular depending on the supply air temperature.

An advantageous embodiment of the arrangement has at least one flow sensor for volume flow measurement, as well as a control unit for the supply air volume flow for changing the actual room temperature by means of ventilation with supply air.

By means of flow sensors, in particular at the air inlets to the rooms to be air-conditioned, with at least one controllable fan in the supply air duct and controllable duct valves, at least one controllable duct valve in the supply air duct, a controlled system can be provided. A control unit may, for example, depending on the operating mode or depending on other parameters regulate the Zuluftrate for ventilation of the rooms to be air conditioned.

Preferably, an air flow control is dispensed with, and in the operating modes a preset supply air volume flow is preset.

For example, the supply air volume flow can be dependent on the difference between supply air and room air temperature due to preset parameters. In particular, the supply air volume flow can be directly proportional to the difference between supply air and room air temperature.

The inventive method is used for air conditioning at least one room and includes the generation of a Zuluft- and exhaust air flow for ventilation of at least one room, the detection of the actual temperature in the at least one room and the Zuluft- and exhaust air temperature, and the control of at least two operating modes , Which are coupled to the actual room temperature such that when leaving a predetermined desired room temperature interval is switched from a first operating mode to a second operating mode. In this case, the second operating mode is a control mode which comprises a change of the actual room temperature by means of ventilation with supply air whose temperature deviates from the room air temperature, and the first operating mode comprises a base load operation comprising a ventilation with a definable minimum supply air volume flow. The base load operation offers the advantage of lowering the energy consumption of the air conditioning arrangement and a very low noise by low-speed fan and low air flow speeds. The control mode offers the advantage of thrust-like ventilation of the rooms to be air-conditioned and associated good air mixing and a high air exchange rate.

In one embodiment of the control mode, the temperature is controlled without overshoot, for which a PID control is provided. It is useful to control the temperature without overvoltages by limiting the I component of the PID control.

In a further embodiment of the control mode, the supply air throttle valves, if it requires the temperature difference from outside air temperature to set temperature, can be completely closed. Thus, the control mode can be shortened in time and an energy saving for the temperature change can be effected.

Preferably, the air conditioning method comprises the detection of room climate parameters, in particular the humidity of room, supply and exhaust air, and the control of the room climate parameters, in particular the humidity, by humidifying or dehumidifying the supply air, by adjusting the recirculation and fresh air portion of the supply air by control the recirculation and fresh air volume flow. Such a method makes it possible to combine the control of the humidity of the supply air with the control of the CO ₂ and VOC content. The circulating air and the fresh air volume flow are preferably controlled via controllable duct valves. For example, the circulating air and fresh air volume flow can be controlled via a controllable channel valve in the circulating air and fresh air duct or via a common duct valve.

In the operating modes, alternatively, a respective proportion of recirculated air can be predetermined.

The method may further include the detection of indoor climate parameters, in particular the humidity of the room, supply and exhaust air and the control of the room climate parameters, in particular the humidity, by humidifying or dehumidifying the supply air by means of a device for changing the humidity. In particular, the humidity of the supply air can be made by means of humidification and / or dehumidifying in the supply air duct.

Preferably, the method comprises the calculation of the energetic optimum of the energy input for temperature change of the supply air and humidity change of the supply air. With this method, the use of energy can be minimized.

In a further embodiment of the method, the ventilation with a definable supply air volume flow in the control mode, which is greater than the definable minimum supply air volume flow in base load operation includes. This serves to lower the air flow speed and the fan revolutions in the base load mode, as well as an improved air mixing and air exchange rate in the control mode.

In one embodiment of the air conditioning method, an overpressure relative to the external pressure is generated in the spaces to be air-conditioned. The overpressure depends on the outside temperature. Preferably, a maximum overpressure is set at outside temperatures below -10 ° C and a minimum overpressure at outside temperatures above + 15 ° C. The overpressure is generated by a supply air flow, which is greater than the exhaust air flow.

In a further embodiment of the method, the control of Zuluftvolumenstroms is made with a controllable channel valve or with a controllable fan, or by controlling a controllable channel valve and a controllable fan. Controllable channel valves are z. B. throttle valves. The air volume flow is a function of the opening cross section. In particular, the control for Zuluftvolumenstromsteuerung can also be the control of the room climate parameters. It is expedient to combine and coordinate the control of the room climate parameters by adapting the circulated air and fresh air content of the supply air by controlling the recirculated air and fresh air volume flow.

In a further embodiment of the method, the volume flows, at least the supply air volume flow, detected in the control mode, and it is made a regulation of the supply air flow to change the actual temperature by means of ventilation with supply air.

The control mode can be characterized in particular by the fact that the supply air volume flow is greater than the exhaust air volume flow. The difference between the supply air and the exhaust air volume flow is expediently set by means of different fan powers of the supply and exhaust fan. Alternatively, the difference between supply air and exhaust air volume flow is set by the throttle position. The difference between supply air and exhaust air volume flow can be dependent on the outside temperature, the minimum value being> 0.

Individual inflow and outflow volumes to the individual rooms can be regulated via throttle valves at the room inlets and outlets. These throttle valves are equipped with flow sensors, for example. Flow sensors may be any type of anemometer, particularly a hot wire anemometer or vane anemometer.

In addition, flow sensors can be attached to all room openings. As a result, opened windows or doors can be detected. In particular, in the case of additional room openings, a mode with reduced exhaust air blower output can be set.

The control or regulation of the proportions of circulating air and fresh air to the supply air is done for example via a control of the channel valves in the circulating air and in the fresh air duct. Alternatively, the control or regulation of the proportions of circulating air and fresh air to the supply air via a combined duct valve for fresh and recirculated air done. In addition, a sewer valve flap may be provided in the exhaust air duct. It can be made a continuous control of the air composition. In the control mode, the recirculated-air proportion is preferably as large as possible and the out-flow proportion of the exhaust air is kept as low as possible. This can be implemented, for example, by coupling the flap position to the fan power. As the supply air volume flow increases, for example, the circulating air volume flow increases, while fresh air and exhaust air volume flow decrease. Ie. while the fresh air and exhaust air flaps are closed further and further, the mixed air flap opens. In particular, fresh air and exhaust air flaps can be operated synchronously. For example, the percentage opening of the mixed air damper is 100% minus the opening of the fresh air or exhaust air damper.

Furthermore, an air conditioning method is specified, which includes an air conditioning operation and a commissioning phase. The commissioning phase precedes the air conditioning operation. The air conditioning operation preferably corresponds substantially to one of the specified air conditioning methods. The commissioning phase includes an offline measurement of flow and temperature distributions in the rooms to be air-conditioned and the setting of parameters, in particular the supply air volume flow. Commissioning makes it possible to record the adjusting flow and temperature distributions in the rooms to be air-conditioned by means of offline measurements and to manually set or adjust control parameters accordingly. In this case, the supply air temperature and the supply air blower power or the supply air blower speed are preferably coupled to one another, so that in flow control mode suitable flow conditions result in the spaces to be air-conditioned. If the conditioning operation precedes such a commissioning phase, optimal flow and mixing ratios and thus a very good air mixing and sufficient air exchange rate in different rooms and room zones, even with unfavorable aerodynamic arrangements, can be ensured. In the air conditioning mode can be dispensed with a regulation of the supply air flow. In particular, a control of the supply air flow can be made, which does not require pressure sensors. For example, parameters for the regulation of the temperature and the control of the supply air volume flow can be defined in the commissioning phase. For example, a fixed volume flow value can be set for each operating mode. Accordingly, a control of the supply air flow with two channel valve positions or two blower stages can be realized.

Thus, a simplified air conditioning system, in particular with less sensors, in particular without pressure sensors, guaranteed.

An embodiment of the present invention is shown by way of example in the single FIGURE.

The figure is schematic and does not represent a true to scale illustration.

The figure shows an arrangement for room air conditioning. In the embodiment of the arrangement shown in the figure, a heating device 30 , a cooler 40 , a dry dehumidifier 53 , a fan 15 and a humidifier 50 in this order in one in the supply air duct 10 arranged. In the supply air duct 10 can fresh air through a fresh air duct 20 as well as circulating air via a recirculating air duct 12 flow. The fresh air volume flow and the circulating air volume flow are through channel valves 70 . 72 controllable. The channel valves 70 . 72 are designed as throttle valves. Furthermore, in the supply air duct 10 measured the temperature and the moisture content of the supply air. The supply air duct branches to the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N up. Before and after each room to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N are channel valves 60 . 61 arranged. The channel valves 60 . 61 are again throttle valves. From the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N leads away an exhaust air duct system that leads to a single exhaust duct 11 converges. In this exhaust duct 11 the temperature and humidity of the exhaust air are detected. In the exhaust air duct 11 is a fan 16 arranged. The exhaust duct 11 branches into the recirculation channel 12 and an exhaust duct 21 , The exhaust air duct 21 has another channel valve 21 , again a throttle on.

In the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N are the temperature and the humidity of the room air measured. The temperatures of the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N are monitored, and as soon as an actual room temperature is outside the set room temperature interval, a signal is given to the control unit. The control unit then speaks the heating or cooling device 30 . 40 in the supply air duct 10 at. In addition, there is a change in the supply air flow volume by controlling the channel valves 70 . 72 in the recirculation and fresh air duct or the blower 15 in the supply air duct 10 , In this case, a fixed supply air volume value can be defined for each operating mode. Alternatively, there is an additional control unit for the supply air, including the throttle 60 the supply air duct system or directly to the air inlets in the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N flow sensors are attached.

To regulate the humidity, another control unit is provided or integrated into the control unit for temperature control. The control unit balances setpoint and actual values of the air humidity in the supply air duct 10 , in the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N and in the exhaust duct 11 from. In addition, a temperature and a humidity sensor in the supply air duct 10 in the flow direction before the heating 30 , the cooling 40 , the humidification 50 and the dehumidifier 51 to be appropriate. The control unit speaks the humidification 50 or dehumidifying device 51 in the supply air duct 10 on, with a dehumidifier 51 for example by connecting a cooling 40 and a heater 33 is realized. Alternatively or additionally, the channel valves 70 . 72 be addressed in the circulating air and in the fresh air duct of the control unit.

In a further embodiment, in addition to the temperature and in addition to the humidity in the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N each temperature and humidity content in the exhaust duct 11 , in the supply air duct 10 directly in front of the branch in front of the rooms to be air-conditioned 1 . 2 , ... N and in the supply air duct 10 measured directly after the confluence of circulating air and fresh air. From the values a control unit for controlling the air composition, an energy optimum can be determined and a heating or cooling of the supply air by the heating 30 or cooling device 40 in the supply air duct 10 assist by suitable composition of the supply air from circulating air and fresh air, wherein the proportions of the circulating air and fresh air to the supply air via the channel valves 70 . 72 to be controlled. The humidification and dehumidification of the supply air by the 50 and dehumidifiers 51 in the supply air duct 10 can by suitable control of the channel valves 70 . 72 in fresh air 20 and recirculating air duct 12 get supported. If the target range for the air humidity content and the temperature target range can be achieved, then temperature control and air humidity control can only be achieved via the control of the duct valves 70 . 72 in recirculation 12 and in the fresh air duct 20 respectively. Here is the control of the channel valve 72 in the recirculation channel 12 always bound to ensure that maximum CO ₂ and VOC concentrations are not exceeded.

Claims (15)

Air conditioning arrangement for at least one room ( 1 . 2 , ... N) with - at least one temperature sensor for measuring an actual room temperature, and - At least one control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to switch between at least two operating modes, wherein the operating modes are coupled to the actual room temperature, that is switched when leaving a predetermined desired room temperature interval from a first to a second operating mode. Air conditioning arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the operating modes are coupled to the actual room temperature, that is switched on leaving the predetermined desired room temperature interval above a lower or upper limit of the desired room temperature interval from the first to the second operating mode, the second operating mode stops, if the actual temperature above this lower or upper limit again enters the desired room temperature interval and is switched to the first operating mode when the actual room temperature of the opposite, upper or lower limit of the desired room temperature interval is reached. Air conditioning arrangement according to claim 1 or 2 with an input device for the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the target temperature interval to individual inputs, within definable limits. Air conditioning arrangement according to one of the preceding claims with - At least one sensor for detecting indoor climate parameters, in particular the humidity, and - At least one control unit for loading and / or dehumidifying the supply air. Air conditioning arrangement according to claim 4 with at least one device for changing the humidity, wherein this humidifying device ( 50 ) and a dehumidifier ( 51 ). Air conditioning arrangement according to claim 4 with - at least one circulating air ( 12 ) and a fresh air channel ( 20 ), - at least one controllable combined duct valve for circulating air and fresh air or at least one controllable duct valve in the circulating air ( 72 ) and at least one controllable channel valve in the fresh air channel ( 70 ), - Wherein the control unit for humidifying and / or dehumidifying the supply air is designed to make an adjustment of the recirculated air and fresh air portion of the supply air by controlling the combined channel valve or the channel valves ( 70 . 72 ) in the recirculation and fresh air duct. Air conditioning arrangement according to one of the preceding claims with - At least one flow sensor for flow measurement, as well - A control unit for the supply air volume flow to change the actual room temperature by means of ventilation with supply air. Air-conditioning method, for conditioning at least one room ( 1 . 2 , ... N), with the following measures: - Generation of a supply air and an exhaust air flow for ventilation of at least one room ( 1 . 2 , ... N), - detection of the actual room temperature in the at least one room ( 1 . 2 , ... N), and the supply air and exhaust air temperature, - control of at least two operating modes, which are coupled to the actual room temperature such that is switched on leaving a predetermined desired room temperature interval of a first operating mode in a second operating mode, wherein the second operating mode is a control mode comprising a change of the actual room temperature by means of ventilation with supply air whose temperature differs from the room air temperature, and the first operating mode is a base load operation comprising a ventilation with a definable minimum supply air volume flow. Air conditioning method according to claim 8 with the following measures: - recording of room climate parameters, in particular humidity, room, supply and exhaust air, - Control of the room climate parameters, in particular the humidity, through - Humidification or dehumidification of the supply air by means of a device for changing the humidity. Air conditioning method according to claim 8 or 9 with the following measures: - recording of room climate parameters, in particular humidity, room, supply and exhaust air, - Control of the room climate parameters, in particular the humidity, through - Humidification or dehumidification of the supply air - Adjustment of the recirculation and fresh air content of the supply air through - Control of the recirculation and fresh air volume flow. Air conditioning method according to claim 9 or 10 with the following measure: Calculation of the energetic optimum of the energy input for temperature change of the supply air and humidity change of the supply air. Air conditioning method according to one of claims 8 to 11 with the following measure: ventilation with a definable supply air volume flow in the control mode, which is greater than the definable minimum supply air volume flow in base load operation. Air-conditioning method according to one of Claims 8 to 12 with the following measure: Control of the supply air volume flow by means of a controllable duct valve ( 70 . 72 . 60 ) and / or blower ( 15 ). Air conditioning method according to one of claims 8 to 13 with the following measures: Detection of the volume flows, at least of the supply air volume flow, and, in the control mode, - Control of the supply air volume flow to change the actual room temperature by means of ventilation with supply air. Air-conditioning method according to one of claims 8 to 14 with an air-conditioning operation and a commissioning phase, wherein the commissioning phase precedes the air-conditioning operation, and wherein the commissioning phase comprises the following steps: - offline measurement of flow and temperature distributions in the rooms to be air-conditioned ( 1 . 2 , ... N), - adjustment of parameters, in particular of the supply air volume flow, to achieve suitable flow and mixing ratios in the rooms to be air-conditioned ( 1 . 2 , ... N).

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