CN221427993U - Broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface - Google Patents
Broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN221427993U CN221427993U CN202323660079.4U CN202323660079U CN221427993U CN 221427993 U CN221427993 U CN 221427993U CN 202323660079 U CN202323660079 U CN 202323660079U CN 221427993 U CN221427993 U CN 221427993U
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Abstract
The invention relates to a broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface, belonging to the field of electronic science and technology. The device comprises a microwave PCB, a coplanar bonding pad, a metal pin and a metallized hole; the microwave PCB comprises an upper layer PCB and a lower layer PCB, a plurality of radiation patches are etched on the front surface of the upper layer PCB, microstrip feeder lines are etched on the back surface of the lower layer PCB, and a floor is arranged between the upper layer PCB and the lower layer PCB; the coplanar bonding pad is etched on the back of the lower PCB and is coplanar with the microstrip feeder line; the metal pin is positioned at the center of the radiation patch, penetrates through the upper layer PCB and the lower layer PCB and is connected with the microstrip feeder line; the metallized holes are distributed on the radiation patch and penetrate through the upper PCB to be connected with the floor. The invention uses the circular microstrip patch antenna fed from the bottom center, realizes the sequential hysteresis of smaller radiation patch phases through the bent microstrip feeder, and can realize the antenna design of directional radiation of broadband along the tangential direction of the carrier surface.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electronic science and technology disciplines, and particularly relates to a broadband end-fire array antenna with a conformal metal surface, which forms broadband vertical polarization (vertical to the metal surface) directional radiation along the tangential direction of the metal surface.
Background
With the development of radio technology, the speed requirement of transmitting information data is faster, the reliability requirement is higher, the transmission range is wider, and the antenna is required to have broadband and directional characteristics. The electromagnetic environment of the system is also becoming more complex with a variety of different electronic devices mounted on a carrier. The broadband antenna can replace a plurality of antennas, and electromagnetic interference among systems is avoided. In addition, the conformal antenna can be designed coplanar with the carrier, does not influence the aerodynamic performance of the conformal antenna, and is widely applied to various fields, such as unmanned aerial vehicles, satellites, missiles and other aircraft systems.
In order to improve the confidentiality and anti-interference capability of electromagnetic transmission, antennas generally employ directional antennas to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves. Conventional wideband directional antennas mainly include log periodic antennas, tapered slot line antennas, axial mode helical antennas, and the like. For a wideband directional antenna log periodic antenna and a tapered slot line antenna, the conventional forms are composed of a vibrator or a slot perpendicular to the surface of a carrier, and as the low frequency cut-off frequency of the vibrator and the slot antenna is related to the longitudinal dimension of the vibrator and the slot antenna, for example, a dipole needs a resonance length of 0.5 working wavelength, and the slot line width also needs to reach a width of 0.5 working wavelength, the conformal design is difficult to realize, in the prior art, the antenna height is reduced by using a top loading technology, the low profile design is realized, but the height and the structure of the antenna still have the problem that the coplanar design is difficult. In addition, in the prior art, microstrip patch antennas which operate with miniaturized base mode (or static mode) are proposed to form directional antennas as units, but the operating bandwidth is limited to a large extent due to the fact that the microstrip patch antennas adopt a yagi antenna operating mode. In recent years, a unit equivalent to magnetic current radiation is applied to solve the problem of directional radiation of the common-mode design, but broadband operation is still difficult to realize, so that the directional antenna with the conformal broadband metal carrier surface is provided, and great practical application value is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:
In order to solve the technical defect that the conventional coplanar antenna radiating directionally along the metal surface cannot realize broadband, the invention provides a broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The broadband end-fire array antenna with the conformal metal surface is characterized by comprising a microwave PCB, a coplanar bonding pad, metal pins and metallized holes;
the microwave PCB comprises an upper layer PCB and a lower layer PCB, a plurality of radiation patches are etched on the front surface of the upper layer PCB, microstrip feeder lines are etched on the back surface of the lower layer PCB, and a floor is arranged between the upper layer PCB and the lower layer PCB;
The coplanar bonding pad is etched on the back surface of the lower PCB and is coplanar with the microstrip feeder line;
The metal pin is positioned at the center of the radiation patch and penetrates through the upper-layer PCB and the lower-layer PCB to be connected with the microstrip feeder line;
and the metallized holes are distributed on the radiation patch and penetrate through the upper PCB to be connected with the floor.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the radiation patches are sequentially arranged in a straight line according to the size, and the size and the number of the radiation patches are related to the working frequency band.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the radiation patch is of a metal plane structure, and the shape of the radiation patch is round, elliptic or square.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the number of the radiation patches is more than 3, and the interval is between 0.3 wavelength and 0.5 wavelength of the working frequency of each self radiation patch and is changed according to a fixed proportion.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the microstrip feeder is of a metal plane structure and is composed of lines with different widths and used for being connected with radiation patches with different sizes, and the different widths of the microstrip feeder are used for realizing antenna impedance matching.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the microstrip feeder is in a series feed mode, and the antenna end radiation is realized by bending and adjusting the phases of adjacent radiation patches of the radiation patches in corresponding working frequency bands.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the coplanar bonding pad is connected with the floor through a metalized hole and is used for welding the outer skin of the coaxial cable, and the core wire of the coaxial cable is welded with the microstrip feeder.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the coplanar bonding pad is a rectangular metal coating and is arranged at one end of the smallest radiation patch corresponding to the downward vertical position, and a certain distance is kept between the coplanar bonding pad and the microstrip feeder line.
The invention further adopts the technical scheme that: the metallized holes are circumferentially arranged on the radiating patch.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
The broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface provided by the invention uses a microstrip patch antenna with miniaturized base mode (or static mode) as a unit to form broadband directional radiation through a planar log-periodic antenna array formed by series connection, the polarization of the antenna is vertical polarization (the polarization direction is vertical to the carrier surface), and the directional radiation is formed in the broadband along the tangential direction of the carrier surface. The invention solves the design problem of the coplanar end-fire of the broadband vertical polarized antenna, and has the advantages of simple structure, good concealment, no influence on aerodynamic characteristics of the carrier shape, stable and reliable electrical performance and easy mass production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the circular microstrip patch antenna fed from the bottom center, realizes the sequential hysteresis of smaller radiation patch phases through the bent microstrip feeder, and can realize the antenna design of directional radiation of broadband along the tangential direction of the carrier surface, and specifically comprises the following steps:
1. the invention adopts microstrip line series feed, and adjusts the phases of different radiation units through the microstrip line, thereby realizing the vertical polarization directional radiation of the broadband along the carrier surface.
2. The invention adopts the radiation patches with different sizes, the radiation patches with different sizes can work in different frequency bands, and the radiation patches with different sizes radiate in different frequency bands in the bandwidth of the whole antenna broadband operation, thereby realizing the broadband operation.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating particular embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, like reference numerals being used to refer to like parts throughout the several views.
Fig. 1 is an overall structure diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 shows a voltage standing wave ratio of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a ZOX pattern of an antenna 4.8G according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a ZOY pattern of antenna 4.8G according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a ZOX pattern of an antenna 5.2G according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a ZOY pattern of the antenna 5.2G according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a ZOX pattern of an antenna 6.3G according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a ZOY pattern of the antenna 6.3G according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1-three layer microwave PCB board, 2-radiating patch, 3-metallized hole, 4-microstrip feed line, 5-coplanar pad, 201-first circular metal patch, 202-second circular metal patch, 203-third circular metal patch, 204-fourth circular metal patch, 205-fifth circular metal patch, 206-sixth circular metal patch, 304-first metal pin, 308-second metal pin, 312-third metal pin, 316-fourth metal pin, 320-fifth metal pin, 324-sixth metal pin, 301-first metallized hole, 302-second metallized hole, 303-third metallized hole, 305-fourth metallized hole, 306-fifth metallized hole, 307-sixth metallized hole, 309-seventh metallized hole, 310-eighth metallized hole, 311-ninth metallized hole, 313-tenth metallized hole, 314-eleventh metallized hole, 315-twelfth metallized hole, 317-thirteenth metallized hole, 318-fourteenth metallized hole, 319-fifteenth metallized hole, 321-sixteenth metallized hole, 315-seventeenth metallized hole, 323-seventeenth metallized hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
The invention provides a broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface, comprising: three layers of microwave PCB boards, radiation patches, microstrip feeder lines, metallized holes, metal pins and coplanar pads. The radiation patches with different sizes are attached to the upper layer (the outward side of the carrier surface) of the three-layer microwave PCB; the middle layer is a floor (the whole surface is covered with copper), the microstrip feeder is attached to the lower layer (one side in the carrier surface) of the three-layer microwave PCB, the coplanar bonding pad is arranged at one end of the microstrip feeder and used for connecting a radio-frequency cable with the microstrip feeder from the side surface to feed radiation patches with different sizes.
Specifically, the three layers of microwave PCB plates are microwave dielectric plates between the upper layer and the middle layer and between the middle layer and the lower layer, and the thickness and the dielectric constant of the dielectric layers can be selected according to requirements;
In particular, the radiating patch is used for exciting electromagnetic waves.
Specifically, the radiation patch has a planar structure, which can be circular, elliptical, square, etc., and can be selected according to requirements.
Specifically, the number of the radiation patches is generally greater than 3, the size and the number of the radiation patches are selected by the frequency band required to operate, and the size of the radiation patches is generally between 0.2 wavelength and 0.5 wavelength of the operating frequency of each self radiation patch and is changed according to a fixed proportion.
Specifically, the number of radiation patches is generally greater than 3, and the interval is generally between 0.3 wavelength and 0.5 wavelength of the working frequency of each self radiation patch, and varies according to a fixed proportion.
Specifically, the radiation patch is loaded with a plurality of metallized holes, distributed on the circumference of a certain radius of the radiation patch and connected with the middle floor. The number and the positions of the metallized holes can be selected according to the requirements.
Specifically, the metal pin is positioned in the center of the radiation patch, penetrates through the floor and is connected with the microstrip feeder line, and is used for feeding the radiation patch, and the floor is provided with a yielding hole and is not connected with the floor;
Specifically, the microstrip feeder is composed of bending lines with different widths, and is divided into a phase adjustment section and a connection section, wherein the width and the length of the microstrip feeder are selected by impedance matching and radiation pattern requirements.
Specifically, the coplanar bonding pad consists of a rectangular metal sheet and a metallized hole, wherein the metallized hole is connected with the floor and is used for welding a metal sheath of the radio frequency cable, and the size of the metal sheath can be determined according to the size of the radio frequency cable.
Specifically, the metallized holes are used for short-circuiting the radiating patches to ground to miniaturize the radiating patches; and the metal pin is used for connecting the radiation patch and the microstrip feeder line so as to realize radiation patch feeding.
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention will be provided with reference to specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a metallic surface conformal wideband end-fire array antenna embodiment of the present invention is shown comprising 5 sections: the three-layer microwave PCB comprises a three-layer microwave PCB 1, a radiation patch 2, a metallization hole 3, a microstrip feeder line 4 and a coplanar bonding pad 5.
The dielectric constant of the three-layer microwave PCB 1 is 2.65; the thickness of the upper medium is 0.07 wavelength, and the thickness of the lower medium is 0.02 wavelength.
The radiating patches 201-206 are circular planar metal patches, with the largest patch corresponding to 0.2 wavelength of the low frequency operating frequency wavelength and varying in proportion in turn. 201-206 are connected to the microstrip feed line 4 by metal pins 304, 308, 312, 316, 320, 324. The metallized holes 301, 302, 303 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the radiation patch 201 at a radius from the center; the metallized holes 305, 306, 307 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the radiator patch 202 at a radius from the center; the metallized holes 309, 310, 311 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the radiator patch 203 at a radius from the center; the metallized holes 313, 314, 315 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the radiator patch 204 at a radius from the center; the metallized holes 317, 318, 319 are evenly distributed on the circumference of the active radiator patch 205 at a radius from the center; the metallized holes 321, 322, 323 are evenly distributed over a circumference of a radius centered on the radiator patch 206.
The microstrip feeder 4 is a bent width-graded planar metal wire, and is divided into 10 sections 401-410 as shown in fig. 2 (d), wherein 401, 403, 405, 407, 409 are connected with the radiation patches 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206 through metal pins 304, 308, 312, 316, 320, 324; the 402 sections then produce 180 phase shifts according to the operating frequency bands of the patches 201-206, and so on, with the additional 180 phase shifts causing the smaller size radiating patch to have a lagging phase to achieve directional end-firing of the array antenna.
The coplanar bonding pad 5 is arranged at one end of the microstrip feeder 4 and is 0.5mm away from the end of the microstrip feeder.
The overall structure of the antenna of the technical embodiment of the broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface is shown in fig. 1, high-frequency current is fed into the microstrip feeder 4 through the radio-frequency cable, and is fed to the radiation patches of different frequency bands through the microstrip feeder, and the characteristic that the radiation patches of the high-frequency direction have delayed phase lag is determined by the delay of the feeding direction and 180 DEG phase, so that directional end-fire is generated. The operation of different effective area radiation patches forms broadband characteristics, and the method can be used for designing a broadband metal carrier surface co-type directional antenna array.
The results of the technical embodiment of the present invention are further described by simulation:
1. the simulation content:
Referring to fig. 3-9, simulation software is used to perform simulation calculation on the voltage standing wave ratio, the directivity pattern and the gain characteristic of the antenna according to the above technical embodiment.
2. Simulation results:
Fig. 3 shows characteristics of voltage standing wave ratio obtained by simulating an antenna of a technical embodiment according to the change of operating frequency, and as can be seen from fig. 3, the antenna 1 of the embodiment of the present invention operates in the C frequency band, and the directional diagram can achieve a relative bandwidth of 27%.
Fig. 4-9 are antenna related patterns for an embodiment of the inventive antenna that achieves gains in excess of 5.5-8.8 dB in the infinite horizontal plane (XOY plane) in the operating band (4.8 GHz-6.3 GHz).
Simulation results show that the array of the radiation patches with different sizes connected by the microstrip feeder can realize broadband end-fire array design and coplanar design with the carrier surface, and the antenna of the technical embodiment of the invention can meet the design requirement of the coplanar antenna with broadband directional radiation along the carrier surface.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The broadband end-fire array antenna with the conformal metal surface is characterized by comprising a microwave PCB, a coplanar bonding pad, metal pins and metallized holes;
the microwave PCB comprises an upper layer PCB and a lower layer PCB, a plurality of radiation patches are etched on the front surface of the upper layer PCB, microstrip feeder lines are etched on the back surface of the lower layer PCB, and a floor is arranged between the upper layer PCB and the lower layer PCB;
The coplanar bonding pad is etched on the back surface of the lower PCB and is coplanar with the microstrip feeder line;
The metal pin is positioned at the center of the radiation patch and penetrates through the upper-layer PCB and the lower-layer PCB to be connected with the microstrip feeder line;
and the metallized holes are distributed on the radiation patch and penetrate through the upper PCB to be connected with the floor.
2. A metallic surface conformal broadband end-fire array antenna according to claim 1, wherein said radiating patches are sequentially aligned in order of size and number in relation to their operating frequency band.
3. A wideband end-fire array antenna of claim 2 wherein said radiating patches are metallic planar structures having a circular, elliptical or square shape.
4. A metallic surface conformal broadband end-fire array antenna according to claim 3, wherein said radiating patches are greater than 3 in number, with a spacing between 0.3 wavelength and 0.5 wavelength of each self radiating patch operating frequency, and varying in fixed proportion.
5. The broadband end-fire array antenna of claim 1, wherein the microstrip feed is a metal planar structure, and is formed of lines of different widths for connection to radiating patches of different sizes, the different widths being used to achieve antenna impedance matching.
6. The wideband end-fire array antenna of claim 5, wherein the microstrip feed is in the form of a series feed, and the antenna end-fire radiation is achieved by bending and adjusting the phase of adjacent radiating patches of the radiating patches in the corresponding operating frequency band.
7. A wideband end-fire array antenna of claim 1 wherein the coplanar pads are connected to the floor by metallized holes for soldering the outer skin of the coaxial cable, the core of the coaxial cable being soldered to the microstrip feed line.
8. The wideband end-fire array antenna of claim 7 wherein said coplanar pads are rectangular metal cladding and are positioned at a distance from said microstrip feed line corresponding to one end of a minimum radiating patch in a downward vertical position.
9. A wideband end-fire array antenna of claim 1 wherein said metallized holes are circumferentially aligned on the radiating patch.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202323660079.4U CN221427993U (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202323660079.4U CN221427993U (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN221427993U true CN221427993U (en) | 2024-07-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202323660079.4U Active CN221427993U (en) | 2023-12-29 | 2023-12-29 | Broadband end-fire array antenna with conformal metal surface |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN221427993U (en) |
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2023
- 2023-12-29 CN CN202323660079.4U patent/CN221427993U/en active Active
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