CN114284711B - Circularly polarized antenna element - Google Patents
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- CN114284711B CN114284711B CN202111614682.1A CN202111614682A CN114284711B CN 114284711 B CN114284711 B CN 114284711B CN 202111614682 A CN202111614682 A CN 202111614682A CN 114284711 B CN114284711 B CN 114284711B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circularly polarized antenna element, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The circularly polarized antenna element comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a grounding plate which are sequentially stacked. The top surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch. The second dielectric substrate is provided with a metal wafer and two L-shaped feed structures, the second dielectric substrate is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes, each L-shaped feed structure comprises a feed probe and a feed line, each feed probe vertically penetrates through the second dielectric substrate and the grounding plate, each feed line comprises a bonding pad part, a connecting part and a sector part, the small end of the sector part is connected with the bonding pad part through the connecting part, and the edges of the two sides of each sector part are provided with a plurality of notches symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the sector part. The circularly polarized antenna element provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can effectively weaken the coupling effect between two power supply lines, but also can effectively improve the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna and realize ultra-wideband.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a circularly polarized antenna element.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication systems and missile-borne communication fields, the missile-borne communication systems provide more and more requirements and high requirements for the antenna performance applied to the communication fields such as the ground, the space between the bullets and the star according to actual use requirements.
In certain use environments and use requirements of the missile-borne communication system, the missile-borne communication antenna is required to have an ultra-wide working frequency bandwidth and a circular polarization working mode. Considering the limitation of the carrier installation environment, most existing sinking type missile-borne communication antennas use a microstrip patch antenna, and conventional methods for widening the working frequency bandwidth of the microstrip patch antenna comprise slot coupling feed, multi-layer coupling feed, L-shaped probe feed and the like, but the conventional methods have the following problems: 1. the bandwidth widening capability is limited, and the ultra-wideband requirement cannot be met; 2. when the dual-port circular polarization design and debugging are carried out, the coupling between two ports is larger, especially like the feeding of an L-shaped probe.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a circularly polarized antenna element, which aims to effectively weaken the coupling effect between 2 feeder lines, effectively improve the antenna standing wave bandwidth and realize ultra-wideband.
The invention provides a circularly polarized antenna element, which comprises a first dielectric substrate, a second dielectric substrate and a grounding plate which are sequentially stacked;
the top surface of the first dielectric substrate is provided with a radiation patch;
the second dielectric substrate is provided with a metal wafer and two L-shaped feed structures, the metal wafer is inserted in the center of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate, the second dielectric substrate is provided with a first through hole and a plurality of second through holes, the first through holes and the second through holes penetrate through the metal wafer and the grounding plate, the first through holes and the metal wafer are coaxially arranged, the second through holes are circumferentially arranged at intervals along the first through holes, the first through holes and the inner peripheral walls of the second through holes are respectively provided with a metal layer, each L-shaped feed structure comprises a feed probe and a feed line, each feed probe vertically penetrates through the second dielectric substrate and the grounding plate, the two feed lines are alternately arranged on the top surface of the second dielectric substrate, each feed line comprises a bonding pad part, a connecting part and a fan-shaped part, the bonding pad part is electrically connected with the corresponding feed probe, the small ends of the fan-shaped parts are connected with the bonding pad parts through the connecting parts, the large ends of the fan-shaped parts are circumferentially arranged at intervals along the first through holes, the large ends of the fan-shaped bonding pad parts are symmetrically arranged at the two sides of the fan-shaped bonding pad parts, the large ends are sequentially arranged at the two sides of the fan-shaped wafer are respectively, and the fan-shaped feed probes are sequentially arranged at the large gaps are respectively, and the large gaps are respectively arranged at the two sides of the large gaps are respectively.
Optionally, the radiation patch has a square structure, and the radiation patch is located at the center of the top surface of the first dielectric substrate.
Optionally, the radiating patch has a size of 19.6 x 19.6mm.
Optionally, the number of the second through holes is 2-12.
Optionally, the diameter of the second through hole is 0.25mm.
Optionally, the length and width of each notch, the distance from the center of each notch to the center of the pad part, and the distance between two opposite notches are sequentially increased in the direction from the small end to the large end of the fan-shaped part.
Optionally, the first dielectric substrate has a square structure, the size of the first dielectric substrate is 40×40×3mm, and the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate is 2.2.
Optionally, the second dielectric substrate has a square structure, the size of the second dielectric substrate is 40×40×4mm, and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate is 2.2.
Optionally, the pad part of each feeder line and the corresponding feeder probe are connected by soldering.
Optionally, a distance between the center of each feed probe and the center of the metal wafer is 12.6mm.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The two L-shaped feed structures (the feed line and the feed probe are L-shaped) on the second dielectric substrate are adopted for feeding, the bandwidth of the antenna standing wave can be effectively improved by optimizing the size and the shape of the feed line, meanwhile, the impedance matching debugging performance can be improved in the actual debugging of the antenna standing wave, and the ultra-wideband and easy debugging design is realized.
(2) The metalized through holes (namely, the metal layers are arranged on the inner peripheral walls of the first through holes and the second through holes) are formed in the center of the second dielectric substrate, when the two L-shaped feed structures are designed in a circular polarization mode, isolation between two ports can be effectively improved, cross polarization is reduced, coupling between the two ports is reduced through the metal through holes, and therefore high-efficiency transmission radiation of radio frequency signals is achieved.
(3) The circularly polarized antenna element provided by the invention can be suitable for the requirements of carrier communication systems such as rockets, missiles and the like on antennas and arrays, and is also suitable for special use requirements of carrier communication systems such as ground and vehicle-mounted systems.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded schematic view of a circularly polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of a second dielectric substrate according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a bottom view of a circularly polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a structure of a feeder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave of a circularly polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the isolation between feeders provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a graph of the maximum gain of a circularly polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The symbols in the drawings are as follows:
1. a first dielectric substrate; 11. a radiating patch; 2. a second dielectric substrate; 21. a metal wafer; 22. an L-shaped feed structure; 221. a feed probe; 222. a feeder line; 2221. a pad portion; 2222. a connection part; 2223. a sector; 2224. a notch; 23. a first through hole; 24. a second through hole; 3. a ground plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Fig. 1 is an exploded schematic view of a circularly polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the circularly polarized antenna element includes a first dielectric substrate 1, a second dielectric substrate 2, and a ground plate 3 stacked in sequence.
The top surface of the first dielectric substrate 1 has a radiation patch 11.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a circularly polarized antenna element provided in an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of a second dielectric substrate provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the second dielectric substrate 2 has a metal disc 21 and two L-shaped feeding structures 22 thereon, the metal disc 21 is inserted in the center of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate 2, the second dielectric substrate 2 has a first through hole 23 and a plurality of second through holes 24 thereon, the first through hole 23 and each second through hole 24 penetrate through the metal disc 21 and the ground plate 3, the first through hole 23 and the metal disc 21 are coaxially arranged, the plurality of second through holes 24 are circumferentially spaced apart along the first through hole 23, the inner peripheral walls of the first through hole 23 and each second through hole 24 have a metal layer thereon, each L-shaped feeding structure 22 includes a feeding probe 221 and a feeding wire 222, each feed probe 221 vertically penetrates through the second dielectric substrate 2 and the ground plate 3, two feed lines 222 are arranged at intervals on the top surface of the second dielectric substrate 2, each feed line 222 comprises a pad portion 2221, a connecting portion 2222 and a sector portion 2223, the pad portion 2221 is electrically connected with the corresponding feed probe 221, the small end of the sector portion 2223 is connected with the pad portion 2221 through the connecting portion 2222, the large end of the sector portion 2223 extends away from the pad portion 2221, the central axes of the two sector portions 2223 intersect at the center of the metal wafer 21, the edges of both sides of each sector portion 2223 are provided with a plurality of notches 2224 symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the sector portion 2223, the plurality of notches 2224 on each side of each sector portion 2223 are arranged at intervals, and the sectional areas of the plurality of notches 2224 sequentially increase in the direction from the small end to the large end of the sector portion 2223.
For the circularly polarized antenna element provided in the embodiment of the present invention, on one hand, the metal disc 21 is inserted in the center of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate 2, the second dielectric substrate 2 has the first through hole 23 and the plurality of second through holes 24, the first through hole 23 and each second through hole 24 penetrate through the metal disc 21 and the ground plate 3, the first through hole 23 and the metal disc 21 are coaxially arranged, the plurality of second through holes 24 are circumferentially spaced along the first through hole 23, and the inner peripheral walls of the first through hole 23 and each second through hole 24 are provided with metal layers, so that the isolation between the two L-shaped feeding structures 22 can be increased through the plurality of metallized through holes (i.e., the inner peripheral walls of the first through hole 23 and the plurality of second through holes 24 are provided with metal layers). Since the electric potential at the center of the second dielectric substrate 2 is zero, the metal disc 21 at the center of the second dielectric substrate 2 is grounded through the metalized through hole, so that the coupling effect between the 2 power supply lines 222 can be effectively weakened.
Further, each feeder line 222 includes a pad portion 2221, a connection portion 2222 and a sector portion 2223, the pad portion 2221 is electrically connected with the corresponding feeder probe 221, the small end of the sector portion 2223 is connected with the pad portion 2221 through the connection portion 2222, the large end of the sector portion 2223 extends away from the pad portion 2221, the central axes of the two sector portions 2223 intersect at the center of the metal disc 21, the two side edges of each sector portion 2223 are provided with a plurality of notches 2224 symmetrically arranged along the central axis of the sector portion 2223, the plurality of notches 2224 on each side of each sector portion 2223 are arranged at intervals, and the cross-sectional area of the plurality of notches 2224 in the direction from the small end to the large end of the sector portion 2223 is sequentially increased, so that the ultra-wideband impedance matching design can be achieved by optimizing the size and shape of the 2 feeder lines 222, the antenna standing wave bandwidth can be effectively improved, and the ultra-wideband can be realized.
That is, the circularly polarized antenna element provided by the embodiment of the invention not only can effectively weaken the coupling effect between 2 power supply lines 222, but also can effectively improve the antenna standing wave bandwidth and realize ultra-wideband.
The following is a brief description of the working process of the circularly polarized antenna element:
the 2 feed probes 221 are respectively fed through two constant-amplitude and 90-degree phase-difference excitation, excitation signals are transmitted to the 2 feed lines 222,2 feed lines 222 through the 2 feed probes 221, the excitation signals are coupled to the radiation patch 11 in the first dielectric substrate 1 through electromagnetic coupling, and finally the excitation signals are radiated through circularly polarized electromagnetic waves.
In this embodiment, the radiation patch 11 has a square structure, and the radiation patch 11 is located at the center of the top surface of the first dielectric substrate 1.
The size of the radiating patch 11 is illustratively 19.6 x 19.6mm.
In addition, the first dielectric substrate 1 has a square structure, the size of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 40×40×3mm, and the dielectric constant of the first dielectric substrate 1 is 2.2. The second dielectric substrate 2 is of a square structure, the size of the second dielectric substrate 2 is 40 x 4mm, and the dielectric constant of the second dielectric substrate 2 is 2.2, so that the refinement of the whole circularly polarized antenna element is realized, and the occupied space is reduced.
Fig. 4 is a bottom view of a circularly polarized antenna element according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the number of the second through holes 24 is 2-12.
Illustratively, the diameter of the second through hole 24 may be 0.25mm, the diameter of the metal disc 21 may be 2.5mm, the diameter of the first through hole 23 may be 1.5mm, and the distance between the center of the second through hole 24 and the center of the first through hole 23 may be 1.1mm. The diameter of each feed probe 221 is 0.86mm, and the distance between the center of each feed probe 221 and the center of the metal wafer 21 may be 12.6mm.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a feeder line according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which, as shown in FIG. 5, the length n of each notch 2224 is in the direction from the small end (lower end in FIG. 5) to the large end (upper end in FIG. 5) of the fan-shaped portion 2223 N And width k N A distance d from the center of each notch 2224 to the center of the pad portion 2221 N The spacing between two opposite notches 2224 increases sequentially by m N 。
Illustratively, 2 feed lines 222 are formed by circular pad portions 2221 having a width w 1 The rectangular connection portions 2222, N.gtoreq.1 pairs of notches 2224 are formed of sectors 2223 (arc degree is beta), and the width of N.gtoreq.1 pairs of notches 2224 in 2 feeder lines 222 is k N Length is n N A distance d from the center of the pad portion 2221 N The spacing of the two opposing notches 2224 is m N Notch 2224 in 2 feeders 222Number d N 、m N 、k N 、n N The mathematical relationship between them is 0 < delta=d N /d N-1 ＝m N /m N-1 ＝k N /k N-1 ＝n N /n N-1 < 1. Wherein delta is a proportional relationship, preferably d 1 ＝7.55mm，m 1 ＝5.63mm，k 1 ＝0.62mm，n 1 ＝1.05mm，δ＝0.8，β＝41°。
Based on the non-frequency conversion principle, the ultra-wideband impedance matching design can be realized by optimizing the sizes (gradually changed gaps 2224) and the shapes of the 2 power supply lines 222, wherein radian beta, the number N of the gaps 2224 and the proportional relation delta in the 2 power supply lines 222 influence the flatness of the standing wave curve of the antenna, so that the standing wave bandwidth of the antenna is effectively improved, and the ultra-wideband is realized.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a standing wave of a circularly polarized antenna element provided by the embodiment of the invention, and as shown in fig. 6, the standing wave bandwidth of the standing wave smaller than 2 reaches more than 40%, so that ultra-wideband design of an S/C frequency band is realized. Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of isolation between feeder lines provided by the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7, the isolation is less than-25 dB, so that a high isolation design between ports of the dual-port circularly polarized L-shaped feeder structure 22 is realized, and the coupling effect between 2 feeder lines 222 can be effectively weakened. Fig. 8 is a graph of the maximum gain of a circularly polarized antenna element according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8, the maximum gain in the entire ultra wideband is greater than 6dBi, so as to meet the practical use requirement. In addition, the electrical properties of fig. 6-8 are simulation results in a missile-borne simulation environment.
Illustratively, the pad portion 2221 of each feeder line 222 and the corresponding feeder probe 221 are connected by solder, thereby achieving stable electrical connection of the two.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The circularly polarized antenna element is characterized by comprising a first dielectric substrate (1), a second dielectric substrate (2) and a grounding plate (3) which are sequentially stacked;
the top surface of the first dielectric substrate (1) is provided with a radiation patch (11);
the second dielectric substrate (2) is provided with a metal disc (21) and two L-shaped feed structures (22), the metal disc (21) is inserted in the center of the top surface of the second dielectric substrate (2), the second dielectric substrate (2) is provided with a first through hole (23) and a plurality of second through holes (24), the first through hole (23) and each second through hole (24) penetrate through the metal disc (21) and the grounding plate (3), the first through hole (23) and the metal disc (21) are coaxially arranged, the plurality of second through holes (24) are circumferentially arranged at intervals along the first through hole (23), the first through hole (23) and each second through hole (24) are provided with a metal layer, each L-shaped feed structure (22) comprises a feed probe (221) and a feed line (222), each feed probe (221) vertically penetrates through the second dielectric substrate (2) and the grounding plate (3), the two second through holes (23) and the corresponding to the top surface (222) of the fan-shaped feed pad (222) of the second dielectric substrate (2) are connected with the fan-shaped feed pad (222) of the fan-shaped dielectric substrate (1), the small end of the sector (2223) is connected with the pad (2221) through the connection part (2222), the large end of the sector (2223) is opposite to the pad (2221) to extend, the central axes of the two sectors (2223) are intersected at the center of the metal wafer (21), the two side edges of each sector (2223) are respectively provided with a plurality of notches (2224) symmetrically arranged along the central axes of the sectors (2223), a plurality of notches (2224) on each side of each sector (2223) are arranged at intervals, and the sectional areas of the notches (2224) in the direction from the small end to the large end of the sector (2223) are sequentially increased.
2. A circularly polarized antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that the radiating patch (11) has a square structure and that the radiating patch (11) is located at the center of the top surface of the first dielectric substrate (1).
3. A circularly polarized antenna element according to claim 2, characterized in that the radiating patch (11) has a size of 19.6 x 19.6mm.
4. A circularly polarized antenna element according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the second through holes (24) is 2-12.
5. A circularly polarized antenna element as claimed in claim 4, wherein the diameter of the second through hole (24) is 0.25mm.
6. A circularly polarized antenna element according to claim 1, wherein the length and width of each notch (2224), the distance from the center of each notch (2224) to the center of the land portion (2221), and the distance between two opposite notches (2224) are sequentially increased in the direction from the small end to the large end of the sector portion (2223).
7. A circularly polarized antenna element according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the first dielectric substrate (1) has a square structure, the first dielectric substrate (1) has a size of 40 x 3mm, and the first dielectric substrate (1) has a dielectric constant of 2.2.
8. A circularly polarized antenna element according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the second dielectric substrate (2) has a square structure, the second dielectric substrate (2) has a size of 40 x 4mm, and the second dielectric substrate (2) has a dielectric constant of 2.2.
9. A circularly polarized antenna element as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, wherein the pad portion (2221) of each feed line (222) and the corresponding feed probe (221) are connected by solder.
10. A circularly polarised antenna element according to any of claims 1-6, characterised in that the distance between the centre of each feed probe (221) and the centre of the metal disc (21) is 12.6mm.
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| CN202111614682.1A CN114284711B (en) | 2021-12-27 | 2021-12-27 | Circularly polarized antenna element |
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| CN114843758B (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2024-10-29 | 上海卷积通讯技术有限公司 | Antenna for improving low elevation gain non-circularity and phase center stability |
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