CN111193103A

CN111193103A - Radiation unit, antenna array and radar applying antenna array

Info

Publication number: CN111193103A
Application number: CN201911062880.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何月; 李旭阳; 王俊涛; 于璇
Original assignee: Zongmu Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zongmu Technology Shanghai Co Ltd
Priority date: 2019-10-30
Filing date: 2019-10-30
Publication date: 2020-05-22

Abstract

The invention provides a radiation unit, an antenna array and a radar applying the antenna array, which comprise a radiation unit body and a feeder line connecting part, wherein the radiation unit body is electrically connected with the feeder line connecting part; the initial length value of the radiation unit body is configured to be between half wavelength and one wavelength, the initial width of the radiation unit body is configured to be determined by the amplitude of the antenna array in a Taylor distribution weighting or a Chebyshev distribution weighting, and the shape of the radiation unit is finely adjusted according to the system frequency, the side lobe level, the current phase, the width of the radiation unit, the material type and the material thickness of the radiation unit and the metal thickness of the grounding of the radiation unit. The invention achieves the superiority of antenna array parameters through the design and fine tuning of the radiation unit, reduces the area used by the PCB, reduces the cost and achieves the same electrical performance.

Description

Radiation unit, antenna array and radar applying antenna array

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of automotive electronics, in particular to a radiation unit, an antenna array and a radar applying the antenna array.

Background

The microstrip antenna (microstrip antenna) is formed by attaching a metal thin layer on a thin medium substrate as a grounding plate on one surface, manufacturing a metal patch with a certain shape on the other surface by using a photoetching method, namely a microstrip patch, and feeding the patch by using a microstrip line or a coaxial probe. Microstrip antennas are divided into two categories: the first patch is in the shape of a long and thin strip and is a microstrip element antenna. When the second patch is an area unit, the second patch is a microstrip antenna. If the ground plate is carved with a gap and the microstrip line is printed on the other side of the medium substrate, the gap feeds to form the microstrip slot antenna.

Microstrip antennas have the advantages of small size, light weight, simple manufacturing process, easy realization of conformal property, etc., and are widely used. A microstrip antenna may be equivalent to a resonant cavity, having a high value near its resonant frequency, i.e., within the operating band. Although the research and application of microstrip antennas are mature at present, there are many problems worth studying the analysis and research of the electromagnetic scattering characteristics of microstrip antennas.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above and other potential technical problems, the present invention provides a radiating element, an antenna array, and a radar using the antenna array, and the shape of the radiating element is finely adjusted according to a system frequency, a side lobe level, a current phase, a width of the radiating element, a material type and a material thickness of the radiating element, and a metal thickness of a ground of the radiating element.

The radiating unit comprises a radiating unit body and a feeder line connecting part, wherein the radiating unit body is electrically connected with the feeder line connecting part;

the length initial value of the radiation unit body is configured to be between half wavelength and one wavelength, and the initial width of the radiation unit body is configured to be determined by Taylor distribution weighting or Chebyshev distribution weighting according to the amplitude of the antenna array.

Further, the initial value of the interval between the adjacent radiation units is configured to be between a half wavelength and one wavelength.

Further, the initial value of the distance between the adjacent radiation units is finely adjusted by the following elements of the adjacent two radiation units:

the number of balanced antennas on two sides A; b current phase; c width of radiating element; d, the material type and the material thickness of the radiation unit; e the thickness of the metal to which the radiating element is grounded.

Further, the distance between the radiation units is configured such that the distance value between the end adjacent radiation units is smaller than the distance value between the middle adjacent radiation units.

Further, the shape of the radiation unit is configured to conform to one or several of the following conditions:

one end of the radiation unit body close to the feeder line connecting part is an initial end and extends towards one end of the radiation unit body far away from the feeder line connecting part, the extending central axis of the radiation unit body is a symmetrical central line, and the radiation unit is positioned at the single side of the symmetrical central line and is symmetrical along the symmetrical central line;

one end of the radiation unit body close to the feeder line connecting part is an initial end and extends towards one end of the radiation unit body far away from the feeder line connecting part,

if the widths are consistent along the extension direction, the widths are equal to the ideal width values determined by weighting the amplitude of the antenna array in a Taylor distribution mode;

if the width along the extension direction is inconsistent, taking the maximum width of the antenna array and making the maximum width consistent with an ideal width value determined by weighting the amplitude of the antenna array in a Taylor distribution manner;

c, the length of an extension line extending from one end of the radiation unit body close to the feeder line connecting part as an initial end to one end of the radiation unit body far away from the feeder line connecting part is based on the initial value of the length of the radiation unit body and is finely adjusted according to the frequency; the width of the radiation unit body, which is extended towards one end of the radiation unit body away from the feeder line connecting part by taking one end of the radiation unit body close to the feeder line connecting part as an initial end, is finely adjusted according to the level of the minor lobe on the basis of the initial width of the radiation unit body.

An antenna comprises a radiation unit and a feeder line, wherein a radiation unit body of the radiation unit is connected to the feeder line through a feeder line connecting part;

the radiating unit is configured to be arranged on one side of a feeder line, symmetrically arranged on two sides of the feeder line or arranged in a manner of crossing two sides of the feeder line;

An antenna array comprises a plurality of antennas, wherein adjacent antennas are coupled with each other, each antenna comprises a radiating element and a feeder line, and a radiating element body of each radiating element is connected to the feeder line through a feeder line connecting part;

A radar using the antenna array comprises one or more antenna arrays, a radar chip and a wiring terminal, wherein the wide-beam antenna array is electrically connected with the radar chip, and the radar chip is electrically connected with the wiring terminal;

the antenna array comprises a plurality of antennas, adjacent antennas are mutually coupled, each antenna comprises a radiation unit and a feeder line, and a radiation unit body of the radiation unit is connected to the feeder line through a feeder line connecting part;

The antenna parameters in examples 1 to 10 are as follows:

as shown in fig. 1, further, the radiating unit is rectangular and disposed in the middle of the feeder line, and has a frequency bandwidth of 2 GHz; when the radiating element is rectangular, the 3dB lobe width is 80 degrees, the gain is determined according to the number of array elements, and the physical size is general.

As shown in fig. 2, the radiating element is elliptical, and is disposed in the middle of the feeder line, the frequency bandwidth of the radiating element is 3GHz, which is wider than that of the rectangular radiating element, and the internal electric field of the radiating element is distributed in a wider bandwidth due to the change of the shape of the radiating element, so that the frequency bandwidth of the radiating element is wider than that of the rectangular radiating element, 3dB width is 90 °, the gain is determined according to the number of lobe elements, and the physical size is general.

As shown in fig. 3, further, the radiating unit is triangular and is disposed on a single side of the feeder line, the frequency bandwidth is 3.5GHz, the 3dB lobe width is 120 °, and compared with the rectangular radiating unit in fig. 1, since the radiating unit is reduced in general, the gain of the radiating unit is reduced, and the reduction in gain can be equivalent to the broadening of the lobe width, compared with fig. 1, the lobe width of the radiating unit disposed on the single side of fig. 3 is increased by 40 °, but the gain of the radiating unit is reduced by 3dB, and the gain is about 3dB larger than that of a common antenna base, which is beneficial for manufacturing a narrow beam antenna, and the physical size of the antenna is general.

As shown in fig. 4, the radiating unit is triangular and disposed at the two sides of the feeder line, the frequency bandwidth is 3.5GHz, the 3dB lobe width is 90 °, the gain is about 1dB lower than that of a common antenna, and the physical size of the antenna is common.

As shown in fig. 5, further, the radiating element is rectangular and is disposed on a single side of the feeder line, the frequency bandwidth is 3GHz, the 3dB lobe width is 120 °, and compared with the rectangular radiating element in fig. 1, since the radiating element is reduced in general, the gain of the radiating element is reduced, and the reduction in gain can be equivalent to the widening of the lobe width, compared with fig. 1, fig. 3 in which the radiating element is disposed on a single side has the lobe width increased by 40 °, but the gain of the radiating element is reduced by 3dB, the gain is about 3dB larger than that of a common antenna, and the physical size of the antenna is general.

As shown in fig. 6, further, the radiating unit is rectangular and is disposed on a single side of the feeder line, one or more slots are disposed in the rectangular radiating unit, the frequency bandwidth is 3.5GHz, the 3dB lobe width is 120 °, and compared with the picture 5, the picture 6 with one or more slots on the radiating unit can widen the frequency bandwidth/frequency response characteristic, the gain is slightly reduced, the complexity of the process is not increased, the gain is about 1dB higher than that of a common antenna, and the physical size of the antenna is common.

As shown in fig. 7, further, the radiation units are rectangular, the radiation units are obliquely arranged and are all on one side of a feeder line, similarly to fig. 5, but the polarization is 45 ° polarization, or collectively referred to as oblique polarization, and the 45 ° polarization layout antenna has advantages over a horizontally polarized antenna and a vertically polarized antenna in that the 45 ° polarization layout antenna is superior to the horizontally polarized antenna and the vertically polarized antenna in terms of interference resistance performance, and the probability that the antenna layout of other vehicles is the same as that of the own vehicle is 50% superior to that when the interference source comes from other vehicles, and 100% of the interference is received by the antenna of the own vehicle if the horizontally polarized antenna or the vertically polarized antenna is adopted.

As shown in fig. 8, further, the radiation units are rhombus, the radiation units are all located on a single side of the feeder line, and the radiation units are the same as those in fig. 5, but the antenna is bent in a 90-degree arc shape, and can be bent at other angles, compared with fig. 7, the bent radiation units can increase the frequency bandwidth of the whole antenna to a certain extent, and the process is relatively simple.

As shown in fig. 9, further, the radiation units are annular, the radiation units are all located on a single side of the feeder line, and the radiation units are the same as those in fig. 5, but the antenna is formed by bending in an arc shape of 90 degrees, and bending at other angles is also possible, so that compared with fig. 7, the bent radiation units can increase the frequency bandwidth of the whole antenna to a certain extent, and the process is relatively simple.

As shown in fig. 10, further, the radiation unit is annular, the radiation units are located on both sides of the feeder line, and the radiation unit is similar to fig. 5, but the antenna is implemented by bending in an arc shape of 90 degrees, and may also be bent at other angles, and compared with fig. 7, the bent radiation unit increases the bandwidth of the whole antenna to a certain extent, and the process is relatively simple.

In examples 1 to 10, the direction of adjustment of antenna parameters:

picture 1: the horizontal width of the antenna can be adjusted according to needs, the horizontal width can be adjusted in an antenna comprehensive mode to obtain a lower side lobe level, and a wider bandwidth is realized by adjusting the length.

Picture 2: the length of the long axis in the horizontal direction of the antenna can be adjusted according to needs, the minor lobe level can be adjusted in an antenna comprehensive mode, and the wide bandwidth can be achieved by adjusting the length of the short axis.

Picture 3: the side length of the antenna triangle can be adjusted according to frequency, and the axial width of the feeder line can realize lower side lobe level according to distribution requirements.

Picture 4: the side length of the rhombus of the antenna can be adjusted according to the frequency, and the axial width of the feeder line can realize lower side lobe level according to the distribution requirement.

Picture 5: the horizontal side length of the antenna can be adjusted according to frequency, and the axial width of the feeder line can realize lower side lobe level according to distribution requirements.

Picture 6: the horizontal side length of the antenna can be adjusted according to frequency, the size and the dimension of an antenna slot can influence the bandwidth of the antenna, and the axial width of the feeder line can realize lower side lobe level according to distribution requirements.

Picture 7 except for the antenna polarization problem, the same as in picture 5.

Picture 8, except that the antenna is a diamond, the other pictures are the same as the picture 5.

Picture 9: except that the antenna is loop shaped, different magnitude weighting is achieved by varying the width of the antenna arc.

Picture 10: the horizontal width of the antenna can be adjusted according to needs, the horizontal width can be adjusted in an antenna comprehensive mode to obtain a lower side lobe level, and a wider bandwidth is realized by adjusting the length.

As described above, the present invention has the following advantageous effects:

(1) the invention can greatly reduce the physical size of the antenna, can increase or reduce the wave beam of the antenna, and has more flexible adjustment, because the antenna synthesis mode adopts a mode of half wavelength or shorter in a short distance, the common antenna generally needs more than one wavelength or more size. Therefore, the antenna can reduce the area of the PCB, reduce the cost and achieve the same electrical performance.

(2) The invention can realize wider frequency band response without increasing large area, because the resonant frequency of each radiator is different, the invention can achieve the purpose of widening bandwidth, thereby effectively using communication and radar systems and reducing cost.

(3) The antenna of the invention can use the radiation unit not limited to the horizontal polarization antenna, but also can be applied to the vertical polarization antenna, various oblique polarization antennas, including various circular polarization and elliptical polarization antennas, and the like, and the antenna array parameters can be adjusted by using the mode.

(4) The adjustment of the reflection branches at the tail end of the antenna is not only limited to the adjustment of the length of the radiation patch at the tail end, but also applicable to all modes which can realize less tail end current, the realization mode is not limited as long as the reflection caused by the tail end can be eliminated, and the beam direction and the frequency band characteristic of the antenna can be changed by adjusting the state of the tail end, which is the right characteristic of the invention.

(5) The shape of the antenna of the invention is not fixed on two sides or a plurality of sides, and can be any shape, and the purpose of antenna array synthesis can be achieved, which belongs to the scope of right.

(6) The included angle between the antenna and the feeder line can be any value, most of the adjusting parameters are concentrated on the beam width and the like, but the adjusting angle is not the only way and can be realized by connecting two points in a mode of various shapes, and all the claims are included.

(7) The antenna is also suitable for the synthesis of multi-column antennas, and the multi-column antennas can be the combination of horizontal, vertical and upper and lower 3D spaces and can be realized by using the similar mode.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-a radiating element; 11-the radiating element body; 12-a feeder connection; 2-a feeder line.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.

It should be understood that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings and described in the specification are only used for matching with the disclosure of the specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.

With reference to figures 1 to 10 of the drawings,

The antenna parameters in examples 1 to 10 are as follows:

In examples 1 to 10, the direction of adjustment of antenna parameters:

Moreover, although illustrative embodiments have been described herein, there are equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g., across aspects of the various embodiments), adaptations and/or ranges of any and all embodiments that may be altered, as will be appreciated by those in the art. Based on the technology of the present disclosure. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the specification or during the prosecution of the application. These examples should be construed as non-exclusive. Further, the steps of the disclosed methods may be modified in any manner, including by reordering steps and/or inserting or deleting steps. It is intended, therefore, that the specification and examples be considered as illustrative only, with a true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims and their full scope of equivalents.

Claims

1. A radiation unit is characterized by comprising a radiation unit body and a feeder line connecting part, wherein the radiation unit body is electrically connected with the feeder line connecting part;

2. The radiating element according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the radiating element is configured to comply with one or several of the following conditions:

3. The radiating element of claim 2, wherein the initial value of the spacing between adjacent radiating elements is fine-tuned by the following elements between two adjacent radiating elements:

4. The radiating element of claim 3, wherein the spacing between the radiating elements is configured such that a value of the spacing between end adjacent radiating elements is less than a value of the spacing between intermediate adjacent radiating elements.

5. An antenna is characterized by comprising a radiating element and a feeder line, wherein a radiating element body of the radiating element is connected to the feeder line through a feeder line connecting part;

6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the shape of the radiating element is configured to conform to one or more of the following conditions:

7. The antenna of claim 6, wherein the initial value of the distance between the adjacent radiation elements is fine-tuned by the following elements between the adjacent two radiation elements:

8. The antenna of claim 6, wherein the spacing between the radiating elements is configured such that a value of the spacing between end adjacent radiating elements is smaller than a value of the spacing between intermediate adjacent radiating elements.

9. An antenna array is characterized by comprising a plurality of antennas, wherein adjacent antennas are coupled with each other, each antenna comprises a radiating element and a feeder line, and a radiating element body of each radiating element is connected to the feeder line through a feeder line connecting part;

10. The antenna array of claim 9, wherein the shape of the radiating elements is configured to conform to one or more of the following conditions:

11. The antenna array of claim 9, wherein the initial value of the spacing between adjacent radiating elements is fine-tuned by the following factors:

12. A radar using the antenna array comprises one or more antenna arrays, a radar chip and a wiring terminal, wherein the wide-beam antenna array is electrically connected with the radar chip, and the radar chip is electrically connected with the wiring terminal;

13. The radar using the antenna array as claimed in claim 12, wherein the shape of the radiating element is configured to conform to one or more of the following conditions:

14. The radar using the antenna array as claimed in claim 12, wherein the initial value of the distance between adjacent two radiating elements is fine-tuned by the following factors:

15. The radar using the antenna array of claim 12, wherein the spacing between the radiating elements is configured such that the spacing value of the end adjacent radiating elements is smaller than the spacing value of the middle adjacent radiating elements.