CN201213139Y

CN201213139Y - Nano thin-film solar cell

Info

Publication number: CN201213139Y
Application number: CNU200720311390XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杜辉; 郭晓冰; 杜明
Original assignee: HAIJIN PHOTOELECTRIC TECH Co Ltd XI'AN
Current assignee: HAIJIN PHOTOELECTRIC TECH Co Ltd XI'AN
Priority date: 2007-12-25
Filing date: 2007-12-25
Publication date: 2009-03-25
Anticipated expiration: 2017-12-25

Abstract

A film solar battery having a light-active material layer of nanoscale micro-structure comprises a UV protective layer, an increased euphotic layer, a glass substrate or transparent plastic board, a transparent top electrode, a light-active material layer of nanoscale micro-structure, a metal bottom electrode, an insulation-isolating wall, , an extraction electrode and a composite covering and protecting layer of organic and inorganic materials. The utility model can utilize a combination of multiple components and multiple structures to optimize and increase the light absorption rate and photoelectric conversion rate and improve the output characteristics of voltage and current as well. The utility model has the advantages of low cost, light weight, large-scale production, wide absorption spectrum, obvious flexibility and phototransformation efficiency as well as exploration potentiality. The utility model is applicable to outdoors, remote natural villages and nomadic life, and the fields of architecture, astronavigation, geology, forestry, mines, tourism and the like.

Description

Nano-film solar cell

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of solar cell, particularly a kind of nano-film solar cell and several enforcement package assembly thereof that includes nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material function film layer.

Background technology

Traditional solar-energy photo-voltaic cell technology mainly is based on the photovoltaic cells such as monocrystalline silicon, polysilicon and amorphous silicon of Si semiconductor, though technology is comparatively ripe, energy consumption is big, production cost remains high but silicon materials are made, thereby promotion and application on a large scale, especially in developing country.Therefore, fundamentally solve the human energy crisis that faces at present, develop huge inexhaustible solar energy, just must manage to reduce the solar cell cost, seek and more cheap and economic solar cell material and the technology of Development of New Generation.

Just rising at present the upsurge of one research and development organic conductive material in the world, more newfound organic small molecule material, particularly some macromolecule polymer material has good characteristic of semiconductor, this class organic semiconducting materials has that cost is low, the absorbing light spectrum width, characteristics such as manufacture craft is simple especially can be made into the few film of feed consumption by several different methods such as vacuum thermal evaporation, rotation coating and the printings of spray film.Therefore, can produce large tracts of land, low cost, frivolous, the organic thin film solar cell that can curl and can be convenient for carrying, but the photoelectric conversion rate of organic thin film solar cell needs further to improve at present not as good as silicon solar cell.

The photoelectricity conversion process of solar cell mainly comprises: four steps such as photonic absorption, exciton (or claiming electron-hole pair) generation, charge transfer, charge-trapping, wherein to total optoelectronic transformation efficiency influence bigger be the absorptivity of light, the production rate of exciton and transmission, the collection rate of electric charge.And these four processes all occur in the middle of the semiconductor material thin film layer with photovoltaic property, promptly occur in from give-the acceptor heterojunction boundary is to the positive and negative electrode interface, therefore, utilize nanofabrication technique with the structure design of nanometer microscopic dimensions and optimize give-acceptor heterojunction boundary structure, exciton diffusion length, charge migration, collection distance can significantly improve the photoelectric conversion rate of solar cell, obtain not only economy but also practical thin-film solar cells.

Summary of the invention

For overcoming the too high and organic thin film solar cell optoelectronic transformation efficiency shortcoming on the low side of silicon solar photovoltaic cell cost, the utility model passes through the multiple improvement design to a plurality of modular constructions of thin-film solar cells, particularly to the new design of the giving of organic or inorganic semiconductor material thin film layer with photovoltaic property-nanometer micro-scale that the acceptor heterojunction boundary is taked, increased greatly and given-acceptor heterojunction boundary area, improved effective photoexciton quantity greatly, shortened the charge migration distance, thereby not only reduced the cost of solar cell but also significantly improved the photoelectric conversion rate of solar cell.

The multiple prioritization scheme that the multiple textural association of these parts forms has significantly improved the electricity conversion of this nano-film solar cell, electric current output and the voltage output that has reduced cost, improved the photovoltaic cell practicality.Expanded greatly nano-film solar cell out of doors, the use under the unregulated power condition such as field, and can be applied even more extensively special dimensions such as agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, colliery, geology, oil, ocean, military affairs.

Several assembling schemes of technology implementation scheme that its technical problem that solves the utility model adopts and nano-film solar cell are as follows:

Technology implementation scheme A: the nano-film solar cell that is provided comprises the UV protective layer; anti-reflection photosphere; glass or transparent plastic substrate; transparent upper electrode; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer; the metal bottom electrode; extraction electrode; parts such as insulation barrier wall and organic and the compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material; it is characterized in that: be provided with anti-reflection photosphere and UV protective layer from bottom to top with on the upper surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate, stacking gradually; the lower surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate is provided with nano-film solar cell spare; this nano-film solar cell spare is from top to bottom successively by the transparent upper electrode that is provided with stackedly; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and metal bottom electrode are formed; intercept mutually by insulation barrier wall between transparent upper electrode and metal bottom electrode; be provided with the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material of one deck in the nano-film solar cell outsourcing, extraction electrode is drawn by the transparent upper electrode and the metal bottom electrode of nano-film solar cell respectively.In the actual fabrication; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate lower surface and to produce transparent upper electrode, nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer, metal bottom electrode; be provided with an insulation barrier wall between extraction electrode, upper and lower electrode and photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and the extraction electrode; make the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material of last layer afterwards again; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate upper surface at last that anti-reflection photosphere and UV protective layer just form a kind of novel nano thin-film solar cells in the making, see Fig. 2.

Technology implementation scheme B: the nano-film solar cell that is provided comprises the UV protective layer; anti-reflection photosphere; glass or transparent plastic substrate; transparent upper electrode; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer; the metal bottom electrode; extraction electrode; parts such as insulation barrier wall and organic and the compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material; it is characterized in that: be provided with anti-reflection photosphere and UV protective layer from bottom to top with on the upper surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate, stacking gradually; on the lower surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate, be provided with nano-film solar cell spare; this battery spare is made up of a plurality of nano-film solar cell unit that are connected in series; each battery unit is from top to bottom successively by the transparent upper electrode of stacked setting; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and metal bottom electrode constitute; intercept mutually by insulation barrier wall between the transparent upper electrode of each battery unit and metal bottom electrode; each battery unit just in the horizontal direction; the end to end series connection of negative electrode; be provided with the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material of one deck in the nano-film solar cell outsourcing, extraction electrode is drawn by the transparent upper electrode and the metal bottom electrode of series electrical cell stack respectively.In the actual fabrication; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate lower surface and to produce transparent upper electrode; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer; the metal bottom electrode; extraction electrode; on; be provided with an insulation barrier wall between bottom electrode and photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and the extraction electrode; make a plurality of nano-film solar cells unit earlier; each solar battery cell in the horizontal direction just; negative electrode is end to end to be together in series; and then the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material of making last layer; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate upper surface at last that anti-reflection photosphere and UV protective layer just form a kind of novel nano thin-film solar cells in the making; it has the raising output voltage characteristic, sees Fig. 3.

Technology implementation scheme C: the nano-film solar cell that is provided comprises the UV protective layer; anti-reflection photosphere; glass or transparent plastic substrate; transparent upper electrode; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer; the metal bottom electrode; extraction electrode; parts such as insulation barrier wall and organic and the compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material; it is characterized in that: be provided with anti-reflection photosphere and UV protective layer from bottom to top with on the upper surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate, stacking gradually; on the lower surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate, be provided with nano-film solar cell spare; this battery spare is made up of a plurality of nano-film solar cell unit that are connected in parallel by the stacked setting of vertical direction; each battery unit is by the transparent upper electrode of stacked setting from top to bottom; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and metal bottom electrode constitute; intercept mutually by insulation barrier wall between the transparent upper electrode of each battery unit and metal bottom electrode; the same sex electrode of each battery unit is connected together respectively; be provided with the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material of one deck in the nano-film solar cell outsourcing, extraction electrode is drawn by the transparent upper electrode and the metal bottom electrode of batteries in parallel connection unit group respectively.In the actual fabrication; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate lower surface and to produce transparent upper electrode; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer; the metal bottom electrode; extraction electrode; on; be provided with an insulation barrier wall between bottom electrode and photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and the extraction electrode; interconnection by same sex electrode; make out in vertical direction a plurality of stacked nano-film solar cell unit; the same sex electrode of each solar battery cell connects respectively and is connected in parallel; make the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material of last layer again; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate upper surface at last that anti-reflection photosphere and UV protective layer just form a kind of novel nano thin-film solar cells in the making; it has the raising output current characteristic, sees Fig. 4.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the exemplary block diagram of inorganic silicon solar cell.

Fig. 2 is the utility model package assembly 1, promptly basic assembling assumption diagram.

Fig. 3 is the utility model package assembly 2, is the basic package assembly end to end tandem junction composition of positive and negative electrode in the horizontal direction.

Fig. 4 is the utility model package assembly 3, is the parallel-connection structure figure that basic package assembly links to each other respectively at vertical direction same sex electrode.

Fig. 5 is the structure chart of anti-reflection photosphere of the present utility model.

Fig. 6 is one dimension, the 2 and 3 dimensional organization figure of transparent upper electrode of the present utility model.

Fig. 7 is two-dimensional nano yardstick microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer structure figure of the present utility model.

Fig. 8 is three-dimensional manometer yardstick microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer structure figure of the present utility model.

Fig. 9 is the structure chart of organic and inorganic material protective mulch of the present utility model.

Figure 10 is the optically focused characteristic surface structure chart of UV protective layer of the present utility model.

The 01-glass substrate

The 02-transparency electrode

The 03-P N-type semiconductor N

The 04-N N-type semiconductor N

The 05-metal electrode

The anti-reflection photosphere of 1-

2-glass or transparent plastic substrate

The 3-transparent upper electrode

4-nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer

5-metal bottom electrode

Organic and the compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material of 6-

7-insulation barrier wall

The 8-extraction electrode

The 9-UV protective layer

11-low-refraction optically denser medium

Refractive index optically denser medium among the 12-

13-high index of refraction optically denser medium

31-one-dimentional structure transparent upper electrode

32-two-dimensional structure transparent upper electrode

33-three-dimensional structure transparent upper electrode

41-two-dimensional structure electron acceptor type organic or inorganic photolytic activity semiconductor material layer

42-two-dimensional structure electron donor type organic or inorganic photolytic activity semiconductor material layer

43-three-dimensional structure electron acceptor type organic or inorganic photolytic activity semiconductor material layer

44-three-dimensional structure electron donor type organic or inorganic photolytic activity semiconductor material layer

61-organic material cover layer

62-inorganic material cover layer

Embodiment:

Further specify each embodiment of the present utility model below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Nano-film solar cell package assembly 1 embodiment

In Fig. 2; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate 2 lower surfaces and to produce transparent upper electrode 3, nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer 4, metal bottom electrode 5; be provided with an insulation barrier wall 7 between extraction electrode 8, upper and lower electrode and photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and the extraction electrode; make the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer 6 of inorganic material of last layer afterwards again, stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate 2 upper surfaces at last that anti-reflection photosphere 1 and UV protective layer 9 have just formed described a kind of nano-film solar cell in the making.

The light conversion efficiency height of this nano-film solar cell, cost are low, compact conformation, reliability height, in light weight, thin thickness, the associativity that has multiple parts different structure simultaneously, can further optimize and maximize the optoelectronic transformation efficiency of nano-film solar cell by the combination of the multiple structure of different parts, expand its application at special dimensions such as agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, colliery, geology, oil, ocean, military affairs.

Nano-film solar cell package assembly 2 embodiment

In Fig. 3; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate 2 lower surfaces and to produce transparent upper electrode 3; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer 4; metal bottom electrode 5; extraction electrode 8; on; be provided with an insulation barrier wall 7 between bottom electrode and photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and the extraction electrode; make a plurality of nano-film solar cells unit earlier; each solar battery cell in the horizontal direction just; negative electrode is end to end to be together in series; and then make the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer 6 of inorganic material of last layer, stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate 2 upper surfaces at last that anti-reflection photosphere 1 and UV protective layer 9 have just formed described a kind of nano-film solar cell in the making.

The light conversion efficiency height of this nano-film solar cell, cost are low, compact conformation, reliability height, in light weight, thin thickness, the associativity that has multiple parts different structure simultaneously, can further optimize and maximize the optoelectronic transformation efficiency of nano-film solar cell by the combination of the multiple structure of different parts, its cascaded structure also can significantly improve the output voltage of solar cell, expanded its application at special dimensions such as agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, colliery, geology, oil, ocean, military affairs.

Nano-film solar cell package assembly 3 embodiment

In Fig. 4; stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate 2 lower surfaces and to produce transparent upper electrode 3; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer 4; metal bottom electrode 5; extraction electrode 8; on; be provided with an insulation barrier wall 7 between bottom electrode and photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer and the extraction electrode; interconnection by same sex electrode; make out in vertical direction a plurality of stacked nano-film solar cell unit; the same sex electrode of each solar battery cell connects respectively and is connected in parallel; make the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer 6 of inorganic material of last layer again, stack gradually at glass or transparent plastic substrate 2 upper surfaces at last that anti-reflection photosphere 1 and UV protective layer 9 have just formed described a kind of nano-film solar cell in the making.

The light conversion efficiency height of this nano-film solar cell, cost are low, compact conformation, reliability height, in light weight, thin thickness, the associativity that has multiple parts different structure simultaneously, can further optimize and maximize the optoelectronic transformation efficiency of nano-film solar cell by the combination of the multiple structure of different parts, its parallel-connection structure also can significantly improve the output current of battery, expanded its application at special dimensions such as agricultural, forestry, animal husbandry, colliery, geology, oil, ocean, military affairs.

Anti-reflection photosphere embodiment

In Fig. 5, dredge order by light is close from top to bottom to light, stack gradually high index of refraction optically denser medium 13, middle refractive index optically denser medium 12 and low-refraction optically denser medium 11 and just made an anti-reflection photosphere 1 of multilayer with antireflective light effect, the number of plies of optically denser medium can be one deck to three layer.

Transparent upper electrode embodiment

In Fig. 6, can make first kind of transparent upper electrode 3 of one-dimensional plane structure electrode 31 formulas, or make second kind of transparent upper electrode 3 of two-dimension plane structure electrode 32 formulas in printing opacity gaps such as having ' H ' shape or sawtooth waveform; Or make and not only have the printing opacity gap but also have outstanding the third transparent upper electrode 3 that embeds 3-D solid structure electrode 33 formulas of cylinder such as ' V ' shape or semicircle downwards, so that increase light transmission and increase the contact area of top electrode.

Organic photoactive material layer embodiment

In Fig. 7, just formed first kind of nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer with having the electron acceptor type of zigzag two dimension cylinder of mutual concavo-convex cooperation of 20 to 200 nano-scales or P type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete 41 and electron donor type or N type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete 42 concavo-convex staggered relatively fitting together respectively.

In Fig. 8, the electron donor type with the three-dimensional rectangular pit array of 20 to 200 nano-scales or N type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete 44 concavo-convex staggered relatively the fitting together of concavo-convex corresponding matching have just formed second kind of nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer with being made into electron acceptor type or the P type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete 43 with the three-dimensional rectangular scapus array of 20 to 200 nano-scales and being made into it.

Organic and the compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material embodiment

In Fig. 9, the whole one deck organic material layer 61 that covers on organic solar batteries, the whole again inorganic material layer 62 that covers the last layer densification has just been made an organic and compound encapsulation cover layer 6 of inorganic material; Or repeatedly repeat to cover 61 layers and the 62 layers compound encapsulation cover layer 6 of organic and inorganic material that forms a high fine and close and high-isolation more than 2 layers.Organic material layer 61 can be that a kind of organic material also can be an organic material not of the same race; Inorganic material layer 62 can be that a kind of inorganic material also can be an inorganic material not of the same race.Organic material layer and inorganic material layer are can orderliness stacked also can the combination in any order stacked.

UV protective layer embodiment

In Figure 10, on the outer surface of UV protective layer, suppress many small pits and just made and have the UV protective layer 9 that light converges characteristic.

In concrete the enforcement, the multiple different structure of each parts of nano-film solar cell described in the utility model can be combined to form the nano-film solar cell scheme of optimizing structure of a plurality of optimizations and maximization optoelectronic transformation efficiency mutually, such as, the cascaded structure of battery unit and parallel-connection structure combined to form not only have the output voltage that improves the nano solar battery but also have the optimization effect that improves output current, various combining structures are particularize not, all belongs to invention scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1; a kind of nano-film solar cell; comprise UV protective layer (9); anti-reflection photosphere (1); glass or transparent plastic substrate (2); transparent upper electrode (3); nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer (4); metal bottom electrode (5); extraction electrode (8); insulation barrier wall (7) and the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer parts such as (6) of inorganic material; it is characterized in that: anti-reflection photosphere (1) and UV protective layer (9) from bottom to top have been cascading on the upper surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate (2); the lower surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate (2) is provided with nano-film solar cell spare; this nano-film solar cell spare is from top to bottom successively by the transparent upper electrode that is provided with (3) stackedly; nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer (4) and metal bottom electrode (5) are formed; intercept mutually by insulation barrier wall (7) between transparent upper electrode (3) and metal bottom electrode (5); be provided with the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material (6) of one deck in the nano-film solar cell outsourcing, extraction electrode (8) is drawn by the transparent upper electrode (3) and the metal bottom electrode (5) of nano-film solar cell respectively.

2, nano-film solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the nano-film solar cell spare that is provided with on the lower surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate (2) is made up of a plurality of nano-film solar cell unit that are connected in series, each battery unit is from top to bottom successively by the transparent upper electrode (3) of stacked setting, nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer (4) and metal bottom electrode (5) constitute, intercept mutually by insulation barrier wall (7) between the transparent upper electrode of each battery unit (3) and metal bottom electrode (5), each battery unit just in the horizontal direction, the end to end series connection of negative electrode, be provided with the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material (6) of one deck in the nano-film solar cell outsourcing, extraction electrode (8) is drawn by the transparent upper electrode (3) and the metal bottom electrode (5) of series electrical cell stack respectively.

3, nano-film solar cell as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the nano-film solar cell spare that is provided with on the lower surface of glass or transparent plastic substrate (2) is made up of a plurality of nano-film solar cell unit that are connected in parallel by the stacked setting of vertical direction, each battery unit is by the transparent upper electrode (3) of stacked setting from top to bottom, nanoscale microtexture photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer (4) and metal bottom electrode (5) constitute, intercept mutually by insulation barrier wall (7) between the transparent upper electrode of each battery unit (3) and metal bottom electrode (5), the same sex electrode of each battery unit is connected together respectively, be provided with the organic and compound encapsulation cover layer of inorganic material (6) of one deck in the nano-film solar cell outsourcing, extraction electrode (8) is drawn by the transparent upper electrode (3) and the metal bottom electrode (5) of batteries in parallel connection unit group respectively.

4, nano-film solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the anti-reflection photosphere (1) of nano-film solar cell is stacked gradually by 1 to 3 layer of medium layer of arranging to the optically denser medium order by optically thinner medium and constitutes.

5, as claim 1,2 or 3 described nano-film solar cells, it is characterized in that: the transparent upper electrode of nano-film solar cell (3) is an one dimension slab construction electrode, or for having the two-dimension plane structure electrode in ' H ' shape or sawtooth waveform printing opacity gap, or the printing opacity gap for both having ' H ' shape or sawtooth waveform, have ' V ' shape or the semicircular outstanding 3-D solid structure electrode that embeds cylinder again downwards.

6, as claim 1,2 or 3 described nano-film solar cells, it is characterized in that: the nanoscale microtexture structure of the photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer (4) of nano-film solar cell is made by the electron acceptor type of the zigzag of the mutual concavo-convex cooperation that has 20 to 200 nano-scales respectively two dimension cylinder or P type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete and electron donor type or concavo-convex staggered relatively the fitting together of N type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete, and the photolytic activity semi-conducting material is the conjugated polymer organic material, or monocrystal, polycrystal, the material of crystallite or oxide molecule structure.

7, as claim 1,2 or 3 described nano-film solar cells, it is characterized in that: the nanoscale microtexture structure of the photolytic activity semi-conducting material functional layer (4) of nano-film solar cell by the electron acceptor type with the three-dimensional rectangular scapus array of 20 to 200 nano-scales or P type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete and with it the electron donor type with the three-dimensional rectangular pit array of 20 to 200 nano-scales of concavo-convex corresponding matching or N type photolytic activity semi-conducting material rete concavo-convex interlock relatively to fit together make, the photolytic activity semi-conducting material is the conjugated polymer organic material, or monocrystal, polycrystal, the material of crystallite or oxide molecule structure.

8, as claim 1,2 or 3 described nano-film solar cells, it is characterized in that: the compound encapsulation cover layer of the organic and inorganic material of nano-film solar cell (6) is the whole again double-decker that covers the inorganic material layer of last layer densification and form on one deck organic material cover layer, or repeatedly repeat to make this double-deck compound encapsulation cover layer and the compound encapsulation cover layer of the organic and inorganic material more than 2 layers that forms, said organic material layer is one or more organic materials, said inorganic material layer is one or more inorganic material, and organic material layer and inorganic material layer are stacked in order or stacked by the combination in any order.

9, nano-film solar cell as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the UV protective layer (9) of nano-film solar cell is the UV protective material rete that is suppressed with many small pits on the outer surface.