CN1678192A - 杀节肢动物的邻氨基苯甲酰胺 - Google Patents
杀节肢动物的邻氨基苯甲酰胺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1678192A CN1678192A CNA028159241A CN02815924A CN1678192A CN 1678192 A CN1678192 A CN 1678192A CN A028159241 A CNA028159241 A CN A028159241A CN 02815924 A CN02815924 A CN 02815924A CN 1678192 A CN1678192 A CN 1678192A
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- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
本发明提供了式(1)化合物、其N-氧化物和农业上适用的盐,其中R1、R2、R3、R4a、R4b和R5如说明书所定义。还公开了一种防治无脊椎害虫的方法,包括将生物有效量的式1化合物或含有式1化合物的组合物接触无脊椎害虫或其环境。
Description
发明背景
本发明涉及某些邻氨基苯甲酰胺、它们的N-氧化物、农业上适用的盐和组合物,以及在农业和非农业环境中使用它们来防制无脊椎动物害虫如节肢动物的方法。
无脊椎动物害虫如节肢动物的防制在实现高效农业的过程中是非常重要的,无脊椎害虫对生长着和储存后的农作物的危害会导致严重减产,从而增加消费者的费用。无脊椎害虫的防制在森林、温室作物、观赏植物、苗圃作物、储存食品和纤维产品、家畜、家庭,以及公共卫生与动物保健中也是重要的。虽然现在已经可以买到许多用于上述目的的产品,但是仍然需要更有效、低廉、低毒、对环境安全或具有不同作用方式的新化合物。
NL9202078公开了用作杀虫剂的式i的N-酰基邻氨基苯甲酸衍生物
其中,
X是直接键;
Y是H或C1-C6烷基;
Z是NH2、NH(C1-C3烷基)或N(C1-C3烷基)2;和
R1至R9各自是H、卤素、C1-C6烷基、苯基、羟基、C1-C6烷氧基或C1-C7酰氧基。
发明概述
本发明涉及一种式1化合物、其N-氧化物或这种化合物的农业上适用的盐
其中
R1是CH3、F、Cl或Br;
R2是F、Cl、Br、I或CF3、;
R3是CF3、Cl、Br或OCH2CF3;
R4a是C1-C4烷基;
R4b是H或CH3;和
R5是Cl或Br。
本发明还涉及一种防制无脊椎害虫的含有生物有效量的式1化合物和至少一种另外的选自表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂的组合物。本发明还涉及一种含有生物有效量的式1化合物和有效量的至少另外的生物活性化合物或制剂的组合物。
本发明还涉及一种防制无脊椎害虫的方法,包括将生物有效量的式1化合物(例如,此处所描述的组合物)接触无脊椎害虫或其环境。本发明还涉及这样一种方法,其中,无脊椎害虫或其环境用生物有效量的式1化合物或含有式1化合物和生物有效量的至少一种另外的化合物或制剂的混合物进行接触来防制无脊椎害虫。
本发明还涉及式2的苯并噁嗪酮化合物
其中
R1是CH3、F、Cl或Br;
R2是F、Cl、Br、I或CF3、;
R3是CF3、Cl、Br或OCH2CF3;和
R5是Cl或Br。
该化合物可用作制备式1化合物的合成中间体。
本发明还涉及式4的吡唑甲酸化合物
其中
R3是CF3、Cl、Br或OCH2CF3;和
R5是Cl或Br。
该化合物可用作制备式1化合物的合成中间体。
发明详述
在上文的陈述中,“烷基”即可单独使用,也可在组合词如“烷硫基”或“卤代烷基”中使用,它包括直链或支链烷基,如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、或不同的丁基异构体。本领域技术人员懂得不是所有的含氮杂环都可以形成N-氧化物,因为氮需要氧化成氧化物的孤对电子;本领域的技术人员也知道哪些含氮杂环可以形成N-氧化物。本领域的技术人员也知道叔胺可形成N-氧化物。制备杂环和叔胺的N-氧化物的合成方法是本领域技术人员熟知的,包括杂环和叔胺用过氧酸如过氧乙酸和间氯过氧苯甲酸(MCPBA)、过氧化氢、烷基氢过氧化物如叔丁基氢过氧化物、过硼酸钠和双环氧乙烷如二甲基双环氧乙烷进行氧化。这些制备N-氧化物的方法已在文献中广泛的介绍和评述,见例如:T.L.Gilchrist in Comprehensive Organic Synthesis,vol.7,pp748-750,S.V.Ley,Ed.,Pergamon Press;M.Tisler和B.Stanovnik in Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry,vol.3,pp18-20,A.J.Boulton和A.McKillop,Eds.,Pergamon Press;M.R.Grimmett和B.R.T.Keene in Advances in HeterocyclicChemistry,vol.43,pp149-161,A.R.Katritzky,Ed.,AcademicPress;M.Tisler和B.Stanovnik in Advances in HeterocyclicChemistry,vol.9,pp285-291,A.R.Katritzky和A.J.Boulton,Eds.,Academic Press;和G.W.H.Cheeseman和E.S.G.Werstiukin Advances in Heterocyclic Chemistry,vol.22,pp390-392,A.R.Katritzky和A.J.Boulton,Eds.,Academic Press。
本发明的化合物可以一种或多种立体异构体的形式存在。各种立体异构体包括对映体、非对映异构体、阻转异构体和几何异构体。本领域技术人员懂得,当一种立体异构体相对于其它异构体含量更多或从其它异构体中分离出来的时候,这个异构体可显示出更高的活性和/或表现出有利的效果。另外,本领域技术人员也知道如何分离、浓缩、和/或选择性的制备所述的立体异构体。因此,本发明包括式1的化合物、N-氧化物和其农业上适合的盐。本发明化合物可以立体异构体的混合物、单一的立体异构体,或以光学上的活性体形式存在。
本发明化合物的盐包括无机酸或有机酸的酸加成盐,如氢溴酸、氢氯酸、硝酸、磷酸、硫酸、乙酸、丁酸、富马酸、乳酸、马来酸、丙二酸、草酸、丙酸、水杨酸、酒石酸、4-甲苯磺酸或戊酸。
鉴于成本、便于合成和/或生物活性,优选的化合物是:
优选1 式1的化合物,其中R4a是C1-C4烷基和R4b是H;或R4a是CH3和R4b是CH3。
优选2 优选1的化合物,其中R5是Cl。
优选3 优选2的化合物,其中R4a是CH3、CH2CH3、CH(CH3)2或C(CH3)3。
优选4 优选3的化合物,其中R2是Cl或Br。
优选5 优选4的化合物,其中R1是CH3。
优选6 优选4的化合物,其中R1是Cl。
优选7 式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、Cl或Br;R2是F、Cl、Br、I或CF3;R3是CF3、Cl、Br;R4a是C1-C4烷基;R4b是H;和R5是Cl或Br。
特别优选的式1化合物选自:
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是CF3、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Br、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Br、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Cl、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Cl、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是CF3、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Br、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Br、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Cl、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Cl、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是OCH2CF3、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是OCH2CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是Cl、R2是Cl、R3是Br、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;和
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是OCH2CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl。
本发明优选的组合物是含有上述优选化合物的组合物。优选的方法是使用上述优选化合物的方法。
重要的式1、2和4的化合物是下述化合物,其中R1是CH3、Cl或Br;R2是F、Cl、Br、I或CF3、;R3是CF3、Cl或Br;R4a是C1-C4烷基;R4b是H;和R5是Cl或Br。
式1化合物可根据一种或多种下述方案1-11所述的方法和改进来制备。下面式1-24化合物中R1、R2、R3、R4a、R4b和R5的定义如本发明概述中所描述,除非另有说明。
式1化合物可通过式2的苯并噁嗪酮与C1-C4烷基胺根据方案1来制备。
方案1
该反应可无溶剂或在多种适合的溶剂包括四氢呋喃、乙醚、二氯甲烷或氯仿中于室温至溶剂的回流温度的范围内进行。一般的苯并噁嗪酮与胺反应制备邻氨基苯甲酰胺的反应在化学文献中已有记载。关于苯并噁嗪酮的化学综述见Jakobsen等,Biorganic and MedicinalChemistry 2000,8,2095-2103和所引用的文献。也参见G.M.Coppola,J.Heterocyclic Chemistry 1999,36,563-588。
式2的苯并噁嗪酮可根据多种方法来制备,方案2-3中详述的两种方法是特别有用的。方案2中,式2的苯并噁嗪酮可直接由式4的吡唑甲酸与式3的邻氨基苯甲酸偶联制得。
方案2
3.叔胺
4.MeS(O)2Cl
该方法包括在叔胺如三乙胺或吡啶的存在下,将甲基磺酰氯加入到式4的吡唑甲酸中,继而加入式3的邻氨基苯甲酸,然后再加入叔胺和甲基磺酰氯。该方法通常能得到较高收率的苯并噁嗪酮,在实施例1中有更详细的阐述。
方案3描述了另一种制备式2苯并噁嗪酮的方法,包括将式6的吡唑酰基氯直接与式5的靛红酸酐偶联得到式2的苯并噁嗪酮。
方案3
该反应适合的溶剂例如吡啶或吡啶/乙腈。式6的酰基氯由对应的式4酸用多种已知方法如亚硫酰氯或草酰氯进行氯化得到。
式3的邻氨基苯甲酸可通过多种公知的方法获得。许多化合物是公知的。如方案4所示,R2取代基是氯、溴或碘的邻氨基苯甲酸可通过式7的未取代邻氨基苯甲酸分别与N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺(NCS)、N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)或N-碘代琥珀酰亚胺(NIS)在溶剂如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中直接卤化得到对应的式3中的取代酸。
方案4
式5靛红酸酐的制备可由式9的靛红根据方案5来制备。
方案5
式9的靛红可由式8的苯胺衍生物用下面文献中的方法获得,如F.D.Popp,Adv.Heterocycl.Chem.1975,18,1-58和J.F.M.Da Silva等,Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 2001,12(3),273-324。靛红9与过氧化氢的氧化通常获得较高收率的对应的靛红酸酐5(G.Reissenweber和D.Mangold,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.Engl.1980,19,222-223)。靛红酸酐也可由邻氨基苯甲酸3通过许多公知的方法包括3与碳酰氯或碳酰氯等价物的反应而制得。
式4的吡唑甲酸可根据方案6的方法来制备。
方案6
式10的吡唑与式11的2,3-二卤代吡啶反应得到较高收率的1-吡啶吡唑12,并具有良好的所要的化学配向性。12与二异丙基酰胺锂(LDA)金属化后,锂盐用二氧化碳冷却得到式4的吡唑甲酸。该方法中另外的过程细节在实施例1、3和5中有记载。
其中的R3是CF3、Cl或Br的起始吡唑10是公知的化合物。R3是CF3的吡唑10可以购买到。R3是Cl或Br的吡唑10可根据文献(H.Reimlinger和A.Van Overstraeten,Chem.Ber.1966,99(10),3350-7)中的方法来制备。制备R3是Cl或Br的10的另一有用的方法在方案7中描述。
方案7
式13的氨磺酰吡唑与正丁基锂金属化,接着阴离子与六氯乙烷(R3是Cl)或1,2-二溴四氯乙烷(R3是Br)直接卤化得到式14的卤代衍生物。在室温下与三氟乙酸(TFA)反应完全去除氨磺酰基,得到较高收率的R3分别是Cl或Br的吡唑10。该方法的进一步的实验细节在实施例3和5中描述。
方案6中所阐述方法的另一方案,R3是CF3的式4吡唑甲酸也可根据方案8所描述的方法进行制备。
方案8
R6是C1-C4烷基的式15化合物与适合的碱在适合的有机溶剂中反应得到式16的环化产物,再用酸如乙酸中和。适合的碱可以是例如但不局限于氢化钠、叔丁醇钾、dimsyl钠(CH3(O)CH2 -Na+)、碱金属(如锂、钠或钾)的碳酸盐或氢氧化物、四烷基(如甲基、乙基或丁基)铵氟化物或氢氧化物、或2-叔丁基亚氨基-2-二乙基氨基-1,3-二甲基全氢-1,3,2-diazaphosphonine。适合的有机溶剂是例如但不局限于丙酮、乙腈、四氢呋喃、二氯甲烷、二甲亚砜或N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。通常环化反应在约0-120℃的温度下进行。溶剂、碱、温度和加入时间的影响是相互的,反应条件的选择对减少副产物的形成是非常重要的。优选的碱是氟化四丁基铵。
式16化合物脱水得到式17化合物,继而将羧酸酯转化为羧酸,得到式4化合物。脱水受催化量的适合的酸影响。催化的酸可以是例如但不局限于硫酸。该反应通常在有机溶剂中进行。本领域技术人员会知道脱水反应可用多种溶剂一般在约0-200℃,更优选的约0-100℃的温度下进行。对于方案8方法中的脱水,溶剂包括乙酸,温度约65℃是优选的。羧酸酯化合物可通过多种方法包括无水条件下的亲核取代或使用酸或碱(见T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,有机合成的保护基,2nd ed.,John wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York,1991,pp.224-269的方法综述)的水解转化为羧酸化合物。对于方案8的方法,碱催化水解方法是优选的。适合的碱包括碱金属(如锂、钠或钾)氢氧化物。例如酯可溶解在水和醇如乙醇的混合物中。经过氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾处理后,酯被皂化得到羧酸的钠盐或钾盐。加入强酸如氢氯酸或硫酸酸化后得到式4的羧酸。羧酸用本领域技术人员公知的方法分离,包括结晶、萃取和蒸馏。
式15的化合物可根据方案9的方法来制备。
方案9
其中R3是CF3和R6是C1-C4烷基。
式18的肼化合物用式19的酮在溶剂如水、甲醇或乙酸中进行处理得到式20的腙。本领域技术人员会知道该反应可利用任选的酸进行催化,也会知道根据式20腙的分子取代方式所需升高的温度。式20的腙与式21化合物在适合的有机溶剂中如但不局限于二氯甲烷或四氢呋喃中于酸清除剂如三乙胺的存在下反应得到式15化合物。反应通常在约0-100℃的温度下进行。方案9中方法的进一步的实验细节在实施例7中进行阐述。式18的肼化合物可通过标准的方法如通过对应的式11的卤代化合物与肼反应制备。
方案6中所阐述方法的另一方案,R3是Cl或Br的式4吡唑甲酸也可根据方案10所阐述的方法进行制备。
方案10
其中R6是C1-C4烷基。
式22的化合物任选的在酸的存在下氧化得到式17的化合物,接着进行羧酸酯到羧酸的转化得到式4的化合物。氧化剂可以是过氧化氢、有机过氧化物、过硫酸钾、过硫酸钠、过硫酸铵、单过硫酸钾(如,Oxone)或高锰酸钾。为了获得完全的转化,至少应使用与式22化合物相比一个当量的氧化剂,优选的约1-2个当量。氧化反应典型在溶剂的存在下进行。溶剂可以是醚,如四氢呋喃、p-二噁烷等,有机酯如乙酸乙酯、碳酸二甲酯等,或极性非质子有机溶剂如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙腈等。在氧化步骤中所使用的适合的酸包括无机酸如硫酸、磷酸等,和有机酸如乙酸、苯甲酸等。酸使用时应大于式22化合物的0.1个当量。为了转化完全,可以使用1-5个当量的酸。优选的氧化剂是过硫酸钾,氧化过程优选的在硫酸的存在下进行。反应可通过将式22的化合物混合在想要的溶剂中,如果需要的话还包括酸。然后,氧化剂可以适当的速度加入。为了获得一个合理的,优选的少于8小时的完成反应的时间,反应温度典型为0℃至溶剂的沸点温度。所要的产物式17化合物可用本领域技术人员公知的方法分离,包括结晶、萃取和蒸馏。适合将式17的酯转化为式4羧酸的方法已在方案8中描述。方案10方法中的更引一步的实验细节在实施例8和9中进行阐述。
式22化合物可由对应的式23化合物进行制备,如方案11所示。
方案11
其中R6是C1-C4烷基。
式23化合物通常在溶剂的存在下与卤化试剂反应,得到对应的式22卤代化合物。可以使用的卤化试剂包括三卤氧化磷、三卤化磷、五卤化磷、亚硫酰氯、二卤代三烷基膦、二卤代二苯基膦、草酰氯和碳酰氯。优选的是三卤氧化磷和五卤化磷。为了获得完全的转化,至少需要用相对于式23化合物0.33个当量的三卤氧化磷,优选的约0.33-1.2个当量。为了获得完全的转化,至少需要用相对于式23化合物0.20个当量的五卤化磷,优选的约0.20-1.0个当量。该反应中R6是C1-C4烷基的式23化合物是优选的。用来卤化的典型的溶剂包括卤代烷如二氯甲烷、氯仿、氯代丁烷等,芳族溶剂如苯、二甲苯、氯代苯等,醚如四氢呋喃、p-二噁烷、乙醚等,极性非质子溶剂如乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等。有选择性地,还可以加入有机碱如三乙胺、吡啶、N,N-二甲苯胺等。加入催化剂如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺也是一个选择。该步骤中优选的溶剂是乙腈没有碱。典型地,使用乙腈做溶剂时不需要碱和催化剂。优选的方法是将式23化合物混合在乙腈中进行。经过适当的时间后加入卤化试剂,混合物防制在想要的温度内直到反应完全。反应温度典型为20℃至乙腈的沸点温度,反应时间典型少于2小时。然后反应物用无机碱如碳酸氢钠、氢氧化钠等,或有机碱如乙酸钠中和。所要的产物式22化合物可用本领域技术人员公知的方法分离,包括结晶、萃取和蒸馏。
选择性地,式22其中R3是Br或Cl的化合物可通过将对应的式22其中R3是不同卤素(如Cl是为了制备其中R3是Br的式22)或磺酸基如对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸和甲基磺酸的化合物与氢溴酸或氢氯酸反应来制备。通过这种方法,式22起始化合物的R3卤素或磺酸取代基分别被氢溴酸或氢氯酸的Br或Cl取代。反应在适合的溶剂如二溴甲烷、二氯甲烷或乙腈中进行。反应在压力容器中在或接近一个大气压或高于一个大气压下进行。当式22起始化合物的R3是卤素如Cl时,反应优选的以下面方式进行,由反应产生的卤化氢通过喷射或其它适合的方法去除。反应在约0-100℃下进行,最适合的是在接近环境温度(如约10-40℃)下进行,更优选的约20-30℃。加入路易斯酸催化剂(如三溴化铝,制备其中R3是溴的式22)可促进反应的进行。式22产物可用本领域技术人员公知的方法分离,包括萃取、蒸馏和结晶。本方法更进一步的细节在实施例10中阐述。
式22其中R3是Cl或Br的起始化合物可通过对应的已经描述过的式23化合物来制备。式22其中R3是磺酸基的起始化合物同样可通过对应的式23化合物用标准的方法如与磺酰氯(如对甲苯磺酰氯)和碱如叔胺(如三乙胺)在适合的溶剂如二氯甲烷中反应来制备;该方法更引一步的细节在实施例11中进行阐述。
方案6所阐述方法的另一方案,式4其中R3是OCH2CF3的吡唑甲酸也可根据方案12的方法制备。
方案12
其中R6是C1-C4烷基,和X是离去基团。
在该方法中,不是如方案11所示的卤代,而是将式23化合物氧化为式17a化合物。氧化的反应条件已经在方案10中的式22化合物到式17化合物的转化中描述。
式17a化合物然后与烷基化试剂CF3CH2X(24)在碱的存在下进行烷基化反应形成式17b化合物。在烷基化试剂24中,X是亲核反应的离去基团如卤素(如Br、I)、OS(O)2CH3(甲基磺酸基)、OS(O)2CF3、OS(O)2Ph-p-CH3(对甲苯磺酸基)等;甲基磺酸效果较好。反应在至少1个当量的碱的存在下进行。适合的碱包括无机碱如碱金属(如锂、钠或钾)的碳酸盐和氢氧化物,和有机碱如三乙胺、二异丙基乙胺和1,8-二氮二环[5.4.0]十一烷-7-烯。反应一般在溶剂中进行,该溶剂包括醇如甲醇和乙醇,卤代烷烃如二氯甲烷,芳香溶剂如苯、甲苯和氯苯,醚如四氢呋喃和极性非质子溶剂如乙腈、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺等。醇和极性非质子溶剂在使用无机碱时是优选的。碳酸钾作为碱,乙腈作为溶剂是优选的。反应一般在约0-150℃下进行,更典型是在环境温度到100℃下进行。式17b产物可用常规的方法如萃取来进行分离。然后式17b的酯到式4羧酸的转化可根据方案8中式17到式4的转化所描述的方法进行。方案12方法的进一步实验细节在实施例12中阐述。
式23化合物可由式18的化合物根据方案13所描述的方法来制备。
方案13
其中R6是C1-C4烷基。
在该方法中,式18的肼化合物与式25(可使用延胡索酸酯或马来酸酯或它们的混合物)化合物在碱和溶剂的存在下反应。碱典型是金属醇盐如甲醇钠、甲醇钾、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇锂等。应使用相对于式18化合物高于0.5个当量的碱,优选的0.9-1.3个当量。使用高于1.0个当量的式25化合物,优选的1.0-1.3个当量。所使用的极性质子和极性非质子的有机溶剂如醇、乙腈、四氢呋喃、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜等。优选的溶剂是醇如甲醇和乙醇。与组成延胡索酸酯或马来酸酯和醇盐碱相同的醇是特别优选的。反应典型将式18化合物和碱混合在溶剂中进行。混合物可加热或冷却至想要的温度,一段时间后加入式25化合物。典型的反应温度为0℃至所使用溶剂的沸点温度。为了增加溶剂的沸点,反应可在高于一个大气压的条件下进行。约30-90℃的温度通常是优选的。如果传热允许的话加入时间要尽可能的迅速。典型的加入时间为1分钟-2小时。最适的反应温度和加入时间随着式18和式25的比例而变化。加入后,反应混合物在反应温度下维持一段时间。根据反应温度,所需的维持时间可以是0-2小时。典型的维持时间为10-60分钟。然后反应物加入有机酸如乙酸等,或无机酸如氢氯酸、硫酸等进行酸化。根据反应条件和分离方法,式23化合物的官能团-CO2R6可以水解为-CO2H;例如,反应混合物中水的存在可促进这种水解。如果羧酸(-CO2H)形成了,它还可以用本领域公知的酯化方法转化回R6是C1-C4烷基的-CO2R6。所要的产物式23化合物可用本领域技术人员公知的方法分离,包括结晶、萃取或蒸馏。
应当认识到上述的制备式1化合物的一些试剂和反应条件与中间体中存在的某些官能团不相容。在这些情况下,中间体官能团的保护/去保护程序或官能团互变加入到合成过程中将有助于获得所要的产品。保护基的使用和选择对化学合成(见例如T.W.Greene和P.G.M.Wuts,有机合成中的保护基2nd ed.;Wiley:New York,1991)方面的技术人员来说是显而易见的。本领域技术人员知道在某些情况下,一个给定的如任一单独方案中所描述的试剂引入后,还必须完成没有详细介绍的其它路线的合成步骤,以完成式1化合物的合成。本领域技术人员也知道按顺序完成上述方案中阐述的步骤的组合是必须的,除非含有制备式1化合物的特殊的程序。
可以相信,本领域技术人员能够根据前面的描述对本发明进行最大限度的利用。因此,下面的实施例只是用来解释说明,而不在任何方面限制本发明。下面实施例的步骤阐述了整个合成转化中每一步的方法,如果其详细的制备方法已在其它的实施例或步骤中描述,每一步起始物质的制备不是必须的。除了色谱溶剂混合物或另有说明外,百分比是指重量百分数,色谱溶剂混合物的份和百分比是指体积,除非另有说明。1H NMR谱用ppm根据来自四甲基硅烷的低磁场进行记录;s指单峰,d为双峰,t为三峰,q为四峰,m指多峰,dd指双二重峰,dt为双三重峰,br为宽单峰。
实施例1
N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-
2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
步骤A:2-氨基-3-甲基-5-氯苯甲酸的制备
向2-氨基-3-甲基苯甲酸(Aldrich,15.0g,99.2mmol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)溶液中加入N-氯琥珀酰亚胺(13.3g,99.2mmol),反应混合物加热至100℃30分钟。停止加热,反应物冷却至室温并放置过夜。反应混合物缓慢地倒入冰水(250mL)中得到白色的固体沉淀物。该固体经过滤,用水洗涤四次,然后倒入乙酸乙酯(900mL)中。乙酸乙酯溶液经硫酸镁干燥,减压蒸发,残留固体用乙醚洗涤得到所要的白色固体中间体(13.9g)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ2.11(s,3H),7.22(s,1H),7.55(s,1H)。
步骤B:3-氯-2-[3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]吡啶的制备
向2,3-二氯吡啶(99.0g,0.67mol)和3-三氟甲基吡唑(83g,0.60mol)的无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(300mL)混合物中加入碳酸钾(166.0g,1.2mol),然后反应物加热至110-125℃48小时。反应物冷却至100℃,经Celite硅藻土过滤器过滤除去固体。大气压下蒸馏除去N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和多余的二氯吡啶。产物减压(b.p.139-141℃,7mm)蒸馏得到所需中间体的清澈黄色的油(113.4g)
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ6.78(s,1H),7.36(t,1H),7.93(d,1H),8.15(s,1H),8.45(d,1H)。
步骤C:1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
-75℃下向3-氯-2-[3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-1-基]吡啶(即步骤B的吡唑产物)(105.0g,425mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(700mL)溶液中通过套管加入-30℃的二异丙基酰胺锂(425mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(300mL)溶液。深红色的溶液搅拌15分钟,-63℃下通入二氧化碳直到溶液变为浅黄色后,放热停止。反应物再搅拌20分钟,用水(20mL)停止反应。减压分出溶剂,反应混合物在乙醚和0.5N氢氧化钠水溶液间分配。含水的萃取物用乙醚(3x)洗涤,通过Celite硅藻土过滤器过滤除去残留固体,然后酸化至pH接近4,到达桔黄色油形成的点。含水的混合物剧烈的搅拌,再加酸至一个更低的pH值2.5-3。桔黄色油凝结为颗粒状固体,过滤,连续的用水和1N盐酸洗涤,50℃下真空干燥得到灰白色固体的标题产物(130g)。(来自于下面的另一相似方法的产物的熔点175-176℃。)
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.61(s,1H),7.76(dd,1H),8.31(d,1H),8.60(d,1H)。
步骤D:6-氯-2-[1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮的制备
0-5℃下向甲基磺酰氯(2.2mL,28.3mmol)的乙腈(75mL)溶液中逐滴地加入1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(即步骤C的羧酸产物)(7.5g,27.0mmol)和三乙胺(3.75mL,27.0mmol)的乙腈(75mL)混合物。连续的加入试剂反应温度维持在0℃。搅拌20分钟后,加入2-氨基-3-甲基-5-氯苯甲酸(即步骤A的产物)(5.1g,27.0mmol),再搅拌5分钟。然后逐滴地加入三乙胺(7.5mL,54.0mmol)的乙腈(15mL)溶液,反应混合物搅拌45分钟,接着再加入甲基磺酰氯(2.2mL,28.3mmol)。然后反应混合物升至室温,搅拌过夜。然后加入约75mL的水得到5.8g黄色的固体沉淀物。再从滤液内萃取分离到1g产物,共得到6.8g黄色固体的标题化合物。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.83(s,3H),7.50(s,1H),7.53(m,2H),7.99(m,2H,8.58(d,1H)。
步骤E:N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
室温下向6-氯-2-[1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(即步骤D的苯并噁嗪酮产物)(5.0g,11.3mmol)的四氢呋喃(35mL)溶液中逐滴地加入异丙基胺(2.9mL,34.0mmol)的四氢呋喃(10ml)。反应混合物然后升温至所有的固体都溶解,再搅拌五分钟,直到硅胶色谱的薄层分析证明反应已经完成。减压蒸掉四氢呋喃溶剂,残留固体用硅胶色谱柱纯化,接着用乙醚/己烷研制,得到标题化合物,一种本发明的化合物,固体(4.6g),熔点195-196℃。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.21(d,6H),2.17(s,3H),4.16(m,1H),5.95(br d,1H),7.1-7.3(m,2H),7.39(s,1H),7.4(m,1H),7.84(d,1H),8.50(d,1H),10.24(br,s,1H)。
实施例2
N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
向6-氯-2-[1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(即实施例1步骤D的苯并噁嗪酮产物)(4.50g,10.18mmol)的四氢呋喃(THF;70mL)溶液中逐滴地加入甲胺(2.0M的THF溶液,15mL,30.0mmol),反应混合物室温下搅拌5分钟。减压蒸掉四氢呋喃溶剂,残留固体用硅胶色谱柱纯化得到4.09g标题化合物,一种本发明的化合物,白色固体,熔点185-186℃。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ2.17(s,3H),2.65(d,3H),7.35(d,1H),7.46(dd,1H),7.65(dd,1H),7.74(s,1H),8.21(d,1H),8.35(br q,1H),8.74(d,1H),10.39(s,1H)。
实施例3
3-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]
-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
步骤A:3-氯-N,N-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-磺酰胺的制备
-78℃下向N-二甲基氨磺酰基吡唑(188.0g,1.07mol)的无水四氢呋喃(1500mL)溶液中逐滴地加入2.5M正丁基锂(472mL,1.18mol)的己烷溶液,同时维持温度在-65℃以下。加完后反应混合物-78℃下再维持45分钟,然后逐滴地加入六氯乙烷(279g,1.18mol)的四氢呋喃(120mL)溶液。反应混合物维持在-78℃一小时,升温至-20℃,然后用水(1L)冷却。反应混合物用二氯甲烷(4×500mL)萃取;有机萃取物经硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。粗产物经硅胶色谱柱用二氯甲烷作洗脱液进一步纯化得到黄色油状的标题化合物产物(160g)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.07(d,6H),6.33(s,1H),7.61(s,1H)。
步骤B:3-氯吡唑的制备
向三氟乙酸(290mL)中逐滴地加入3-氯-N,N-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-磺酰胺(即步骤A的氯吡唑产物)(160g),反应混合物室温下搅拌1.5小时,然后减压浓缩。残留物倒入己烷中,不溶的固体过滤掉,己烷经浓缩得到油状的粗产物。粗产物经硅胶色谱柱用乙醚/己烷(40∶60)作洗脱液进一步纯化得到黄色油状的标题化合物(64.44g)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ6.39(s,1H),7.66(s,1H),9.6(br s,1H)。
步骤C:3-氯-2-(3-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶的制备
向2,3-二氯吡啶(92.60g,0.629mol)和3-氯吡唑(即步骤B的产物)(64.44g,0.629mol)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(400mL)混合物中加入碳酸钾(147.78g,1.06mol),然后反应混合物加热至100℃36小时。反应混合物冷却至室温,缓缓地倒入到冰水中,过滤固体沉淀物,用水洗涤。固体滤饼加入到乙酸乙酯中,硫酸镁干燥,浓缩。粗固体经硅胶色谱柱用20%的乙酸乙酯/己烷作洗脱液得到白色的标题化合物固体(39.75g)
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ6.43(s 1H),7.26(m,1H),7.90(d,1H),8.09(s,1H),8.41(d,1H)。
步骤D:3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
-78℃下向3-氯-2-(3-氯-1H-吡唑-1-基)吡啶(即步骤C吡唑产物)(39.75g,186mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(400mL)溶液中逐滴地加入2.0M的二异丙基酰胺锂(93mL,186mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液。二氧化碳通入琥珀色溶液中14分钟,直到溶液变为淡褐黄色。用1N氢氧化钠水溶液使反应物变为碱性,用乙醚(2×500mL)萃取。含水的萃取液用6N的盐酸酸化,并用乙酸乙酯(3×500mL)萃取。含乙酸乙酯的萃取液硫酸镁干燥,浓缩得到灰白色的固体标题产物(42.96g)(用下面类似的方法得到的产物的熔点198-199℃)
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ6.99(s,1H),7.45(m,1H),7.93(d,1H),8.51(d,1H)。
步骤E:6-氯-2-[3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮的制备
-5℃下向甲基磺酰氯(6.96g,61.06mmol)的乙腈(150mL)溶液中逐滴地加入3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(即步骤D的羧酸产物)(15.0g,58.16mmol)和三乙胺(5.88g,58.16mmol)的乙腈(150mL)混合物。然后反应混合物0℃下搅拌30分钟。继而加入2-氨基-3-甲基-5-氯苯甲酸(即实施例1步骤A的产物)(10.79g,58.16mmol),再接着连续搅拌10分钟。然后逐滴地加入三乙胺(11.77g,116.5mmol)的乙腈溶液,同时保持温度低于10℃。反应混合物0℃下搅拌60分钟,然后加入甲基磺酰氯(6.96g,61.06mmol)。之后反应混合物升至室温,再搅拌2小时。反应混合物浓缩,粗产物经硅胶色谱柱用二氯甲烷作洗脱液得到黄色的标题化合物固体(9.1g)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.81(s,3H),7.16(s,1H),7.51(m,2H),7.98(d,2H),8.56(d,1H)。
步骤F:3-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
向6-氯-2-[3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(即步骤E的苯并噁嗪酮产物)(6.21g,15.21mmol)的四氢呋喃(100mL)溶液中加入异丙基胺(4.23g,72.74mmol),然后反应混合物加热至60℃,搅拌1小时,之后冷却至室温。减压蒸掉四氢呋喃溶剂,残留固体经硅胶色谱柱纯化得到标题化合物,一种本发明的化合物,白色固体(5.05g),熔点173-175℃。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.23(d,6H),2.18(s,3H),4.21(m,1H),5.97(d,1H),7.01(m,1H),7.20(s,1H),7.24(s,1H),7.41(d,1H),7.83(d,1H),8.43(d,1H),10.15(br s,1H)。
实施例4
3-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-
(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
向6-氯-2-[3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(即实施例3步骤E的苯并噁嗪酮产物)(6.32g,15.47mmol)的四氢呋喃(50mL)溶液中加入甲胺(2.0M的THF溶液,38mL,77.38mmol),反应混合物加热至60℃,搅拌1小时,然后冷却至室温。减压蒸掉四氢呋喃溶剂,残留固体经硅胶色谱柱纯化得到标题化合物,一种本发明的化合物,白色固体(4.57g),熔点225-226℃。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.15(s,3H),2.93(s,3H),6.21(d,1H),7.06(s,1H),7.18(s,1H),7.20(s,1H),7.42(m,1H),7.83(d,1H),8.42(d,1H),10.08(br s,1H)。
实施例5
3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]
-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
步骤A:3-溴-N,N-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-磺酰胺的制备
-78℃下向N-二甲基氨磺酰基吡唑(44.0g,0.251mol)的无水呋喃(500mL)溶液中逐滴地加入正丁基锂(2.5M在己烷中,105.5mL,0.264mol)溶液,同时维持温度在-60℃以下。加入过程中有粘稠状固体形成。加完后反应混合物再维持15分钟,逐滴地加入1,2-二溴四氯乙烷(90g,0.276mol)的四氢呋喃(150mL)溶液,同时温度维持在-70℃以下。反应混合物变为清澈的桔黄色;再继续搅拌15分钟。撤掉-78℃的冰浴,用水(600mL)骤停反应物。反应混合物用二氯甲烷(4x)萃取,有机萃取物经硫酸镁干燥并浓缩。粗产物经硅胶色谱柱用二氯甲烷/己烷(50∶50)作洗脱液进一步纯化得到清澈无色的油状标题化合物(57.04g)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ3.07(d,6H),6.44(m,1H),7.62(m,1H)。
步骤B:3-溴吡唑的制备
向三氟乙酸(70mL)中缓慢地加入3-溴-N,N-二甲基-1H-吡唑-1-磺酰胺(即步骤A的溴吡唑产物)(57.04g)。反应混合物室温下搅拌30分钟,然后减压浓缩。残留物倒入己烷中,不溶的固体过滤掉,蒸掉己烷得到油状的粗产物。粗产物经硅胶色谱柱用乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷(10∶90)作洗脱液进一步纯化得到油。该油加入到二氯甲烷中,用碳酸氢钠水溶液中和,二氯甲烷(3x)萃取,硫酸镁干燥浓缩得到白色的标题化合物固体(25.9g),m.p.61-64℃。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ6.37(d,1H),7.59(d,1H),12.4(br s,1H)。
步骤C:2-(3-溴-1H-吡唑-1-基)-3-氯吡啶的制备
向2,3-二氯吡啶(27.4g,185mmol)和3-溴吡唑(即步骤B的产物)(25.4g,176mmol)的无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(88mL)混合物中加入碳酸钾(48.6g,352mmol),反应混合物加热至125℃18小时。反应混合物冷却至室温,倒入到冰水(800mL)中。沉淀物形成。搅拌固体沉淀物1.5小时,过滤,用水(2×100mL)洗涤。固体滤饼加入到二氯甲烷中,连续地用水、1N盐酸、饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液和盐水洗涤。然后有机萃取物经硫酸镁干燥,浓缩,得到39.9g粉红色固体。将粗固体悬浮在己烷中,剧烈的搅拌1小时。过滤固体,用己烷洗涤,干燥得到灰白色的标题产物粉末(30.4g),NMR确定>94%是纯的。该物质在步骤D中使用不需进一步纯化。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ6.52(s 1H),7.30(dd,1H),7.92(d,1H),8.05(s,1H),8.43(d,1H)。
步骤D:3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
-76℃下向2-(3-溴-1H-吡唑-1-基)-3-氯吡啶(即步骤C的吡唑产物)(30.4g,118mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(250mL)溶液中,以维持温度低于-71℃的速度逐滴地加入二异丙基酰胺锂(118mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液。反应混合物-76℃下搅拌15分钟,然后通入二氧化碳10分钟,使温度升至-57℃。反应混合物升温至-20℃,用水冷却。反应混合物浓缩后,加入到水(1L)和乙醚(500mL)中,然后加入氢氧化钠水溶液(1N,20mL)。含水的萃取液用乙醚洗涤,盐酸酸化。过滤沉淀的固体,用水洗涤,干燥得到棕褐色的固体标题产物(27.7g)(用下面类似的另一方法得到的产物的熔点200-201℃)
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.25(s,1H),7.68(dd,1H),8.24(d,1H),8.56(d,1H)。
步骤E:2-[3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-6-氯-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮的制备
使用实施例1步骤E相似的方法将3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(即实施例5步骤D的吡唑甲酸产物)(1.5g,4.96mmol)和2-氨基-3-甲基-5-氯苯甲酸(即实施例1步骤A的产物)(0.92g,4.96mmol)转化为固体的标题产物(1.21g)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.01(s,3H),7.29(s,1H),7.42(d,1H),7.95(d,1H),8.04(m,1H),8.25(s,1H),8.26(d,1H)。
步骤F:3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
向2-[3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-6-氯-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(即步骤E苯并噁嗪酮产物)(0.20g,0.44mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液中加入异丙基酰胺(0.122mL,1.42mmol),反应混合物加热至60℃90分钟,然后冷却至室温。减压蒸掉四氢呋喃溶剂,残留固体用乙醚研制,过滤,干燥得到标题化合物,一种本发明的化合物,固体(150mg),m.p.159-161℃。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.22(d,6H),2.19(s,3H),4.21(m,1H),5.99(m,1H),7.05(m,1H),7.22(m,2H),7.39(m,1H),7.82(d,1H),8.41(d,1H)。
实施例6
3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-
(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
向2-[3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-6-氯-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(即实施例5步骤E苯并噁嗪酮产物)(0.20g,0.44mmol)的四氢呋喃溶液中加入甲胺(2.0M的THF溶液,0.514mL,1.02mmol),反应混合物加热至60℃90分钟,然后冷却至室温。减压蒸掉四氢呋喃溶剂,残留固体用乙醚研制,过滤,干燥得到标题化合物,一种本发明的化合物,固体(40mg),m.p.162-164℃。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.18(s,3H),2.95(s,3H),6.21(m,1H),7.10(s,1H),7.24(m,2H),7.39(m,1H),7.80(d,1H),8.45(d,1H)。
下面的实施例7阐述了1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的另一制备方法,该甲酸根据实施例1和2中阐述的更多的步骤可用来制备例如N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺和N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺。
实施例7
1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤A:3-氯-2(1H)-吡啶酮(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基亚乙基)腙的制备
20-25℃下1,1,1-三氟丙酮(7.80g,69.6mmol)加入到3-氯-2(1H)-吡啶酮腙(又名(3-氯吡啶-2-基)肼)(10g,69.7mmol)中。加完后混合物搅拌约10分钟。减压分出溶剂,混合物在乙酸乙酯(100mL)和饱和碳酸钠溶液(100mL)间分配。有机层干燥蒸发。经硅胶色谱柱(用乙酸乙酯洗脱)得到灰白色固体产物(11g,66%的收率),m.p.64-64.5℃(由乙酸乙酯/己烷结晶后)。
IR(nujol)ν1629,1590,1518,1403,1365,1309,1240,1196,1158,1100,1032,992,800cm-1。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.12(s,3H),6.91-6.86(m,1H),7.64-7.61(m,1H),8.33-8.32(m,2H)。
MS m/z 237(M+)。
步骤B:(3-氯-2-吡啶基)(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基亚乙基)酰肼乙二酸乙氢酯(ethyl hydrogen ethanedioate)(又名(3-氯-2-吡啶基)(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基乙羧醛)肼乙二酸乙氢酯)的制备
0℃下,三乙胺(20.81g,0.206mol)加入到3-氯-2(1H)-吡啶酮(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基亚乙基)腙(即步骤A的产物)(32.63g,0.137mol)的二氯甲烷(68mL)中。氯氧乙酸乙酯(18.75g,0.137mol)的二氯甲烷(69mL)于0℃下逐滴地加入到混合物中。混合物升温至25℃约2小时。该混合物冷却至0℃,再于0℃下逐滴地加入一份氯氧乙酸乙酯(3.75g,27.47mmol)的二氯甲烷(14mL)。约1小时后,混合物用二氯甲烷(约450mL)稀释,并用水(2×50mL)洗涤。有机层干燥并蒸发。经硅胶色谱柱(用1∶1的乙酸乙酯-己烷洗脱)得到固体产物(42.06g,90%的收率),m.p.73.0-73.5℃(由乙酸乙酯/己烷结晶后)。
IR(nujol)ν1751,1720,1664,1572,1417,1361,1330,1202,1214,1184,1137,1110,1004,1043,1013,942,807,836cm-1。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6,115℃)1.19(t,3H),1.72(br s,3H),4.25(q,2H),7.65(dd,J=8.3,4.7Hz,1H),8.20(dd,J=7.6,1.5Hz,1H),8.55(d,J=3.6Hz,1H)。
MS m/z 337(M+)。
步骤C:1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-5-羟基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯的制备
8小时内将(3-氯-2-吡啶基)(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基亚乙基)酰肼乙二酸乙氢酯(即步骤B的产物)(5g,14.8mmol)的二甲亚砜(25mL)加入到氟化四丁铵水合物(10g)的二甲亚砜(25mL)中。当加入完毕时,混合物倒入乙酸(3.25g)的水(25mL)中。25℃下搅拌过夜后,然后混合物用甲苯(4×25mL)萃取,合并后的甲苯萃取液用水(50mL)洗涤,干燥蒸发得到固体。经硅胶色谱柱(用1∶2的乙酸乙酯-己烷洗脱)得到固体产物(2.91g,50%的收率,含有约5%的3-氯-2(1H)-吡啶酮(2,2,2-三氟-1-甲基亚乙基)腙),m.p.78-78.5℃(由乙酸乙酯/己烷重结晶后)。
IR(nujol)ν3403,1726,1618,1582,1407,1320,1293,1260,1217,1187,1150,1122,1100,1067,1013,873,829cm-1。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.19(s,3H),3.20(1/2的ABZ模式,J=18Hz,1H),3.42(1/2的ABZ模式,J=18Hz,1H),4.24(q,2H),6.94(dd,J=7.9,4.9Hz,1H),7.74(dd,J=7.7,1.5Hz,1H),8.03(dd,J=4.7,1.5Hz,1H)。
MS m/z 319(M+)。
步骤D:1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯的制备
硫酸(浓的,2滴)加入到1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-5-羟基-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤C的产物)(1g,2.96mmol)的乙酸(10mL)中,混合物升温至65℃约1小时。混合物冷却至25℃,减压分出大部分的乙酸。混合物在饱和碳酸钠水溶液(100mL)和乙酸乙酯(100mL)间分配。水层再用乙酸乙酯(100mL)萃取。合并后的有机萃取液干燥蒸发得到油状的产物(0.66g,77%的收率)。
IR(neat)ν3147,2986,1734,1577,1547,1466,1420,1367,1277,1236,1135,1082,1031,973,842,802cm-1。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.23(t,3H),4.25(q,2H),7.21(s,1H),7.48(dd,J=8.1,4.7Hz,1H),7.94(dd,J=6.6,2Hz,1H),8.53(dd,J=4.7,1.5Hz,1H)。
MS m/z 319(M+)。
步骤E:1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
氢氧化钾(0.5g,85%,2.28mmol)的水(1mL)溶液加入到1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(三氟甲基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤D的产物)(0.66g,2.07mmol)的乙醇(3mL)中。约30分钟后,减压分出溶剂,并将混合物溶解在水(40mL)中。溶液用乙酸乙酯(20mL)洗涤。水层用浓盐酸酸化并用乙酸乙酯(3×20mL)萃取。合并后的萃取液干燥蒸发得到固体产物(0.53g,93%的收率),m.p.178-179℃(由己烷-乙酸乙酯结晶后)。
IR(nujol)ν1711,1586,1565,1550,1440,1425,1292,1247,1219,1170,1135,1087,1059,1031,972,843,816cm-1。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.61(s,1H),7.77(m,1H),8.30(d,1H),8.60(s,1H)。
下面的实施例8阐述了3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的另一制备方法,该羧酸根据实施例3和4中阐述的更多的步骤可用来制备例如3-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺和3-氯-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺。
实施例8
3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤A:2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-氧-3-吡唑烷甲酸乙酯(另一名称1-(3-氯-吡啶基)-3-吡唑烷酮-5-甲酸乙酯)的制备
配有机械搅拌器、温度计、加料漏斗、回流冷凝管和氮气插管的2-L四颈烧瓶中充满无水乙醇(250mL)和乙醇钠(21%,190mL,0.504mol)的乙醇溶液。混合物加热至回流约83℃。然后用3-氯-2(1H)-吡啶酮腙(68.0g,0.474mol)处理。混合物再加热至回流5分钟。黄色的浆状物5分钟内逐滴地用顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(88.0mL,0.544mol)处理。加入过程中回流速度显著增加。添加完毕后所有的起始物质全部溶解。所得的桔红色溶液回流温度下维持10分钟。冷却至65℃后,反应混合物用冰乙酸(50.0mL,0.873mol)处理。形成沉淀。混合物用水(650mL)稀释,使沉淀溶解。冰浴冷却桔黄色溶液。28℃下产物开始沉淀。浆状物约2℃下维持2小时。产物过滤分离,用含水乙醇(40%,3×50mL)洗涤,然后过滤器上风干约1小时。获得高质量的标题化合物结晶,浅橙黄色粉末(70.3g,55%的收率)。通过1H NMR观测没有明显的杂质。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.22(t,3H),2.35(d,1H),2.91(dd,1H),4.20(q,2H),4.84(d,1H),7.20(dd,1H),7.92(d,1H),8.27(d,1H),10.18(s,1H)。
步骤B:3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(另一名称1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-氯-2-吡唑啉-5-甲酸乙酯)的制备
配有机械搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管和氮气插管的2-L四颈烧瓶中充满乙腈(1000mL)、2-(3-氯-吡啶基)-5-氧-3-吡唑烷甲酸乙酯(即步骤A的产物)(91.0g,0.337mol)和磷酰氯(35.0mL,0.375mol)。加磷酰氯时混合物自热(self-heated)由22升至25℃,形成沉淀。浅黄色浆状物加热至回流83℃35分钟,沉淀溶解。所得的桔黄色溶液回流温度下维持45分钟,变为黑绿色。回流冷凝管用蒸馏头替换掉,通过蒸馏分出650mL溶剂。另一2-L的配有机械搅拌器的四颈烧瓶充满碳酸氢钠(130g,1.55mol)和水(400mL)。浓缩的反应混合物15分钟的时间内加入到碳酸氢钠浆状物中。所得的两相混合物剧烈的搅拌20分钟,直至气体停止产生。混合物用二氯甲烷(250mL)进行稀释,然后搅拌50分钟。混合物用Celite545硅藻土过滤器(11g)处理,然后过滤分出阻碍相分离的黑色脂状物质。因为滤液分出明显的两相较缓慢,所以再用二氯甲烷(200mL)和水(200mL)稀释,并用更多的Celite545(15g)处理。混合物过滤,滤液转到分液漏斗内。分出重的深绿色的有机层。残余层(50mL)再过滤,然后加入到有机层。有机溶液(800mL)用硫酸镁(30g)和硅胶(12g)处理,浆状物磁力搅拌30分钟。过滤浆状物分出硫酸镁和硅胶,变为深蓝绿色。滤饼用二氯甲烷(100mL)洗涤。滤液用旋转式汽化器浓缩。产物是暗琥珀色的油(92.0g,93%的收率)。仅有的可通过1H NMR检测到的杂质是1%起始物质和0.7%的乙腈。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.15(t,3H),3.26(dd,1H),3.58(dd,1H),4.11(q,2H),5.25(dd,1H),7.00(dd,1H),7.84(d,1H),8.12(d,1H)。
步骤C:3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(另一名称1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-氯吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯)的制备
配有机械搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管和氮气插管的2-L四颈烧瓶中充满3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤B的产物)(95%是纯的,99.5g,0.328mol)、乙腈(1000mL)和硫酸(98%,35.0mL,0.661mol)。加硫酸时混合物自热由22升至35℃。搅拌几分钟后,混合物用过硫酸钾(140g,0.518mol)处理。浆状物加热至回流84℃下4.5小时。所得的桔黄色浆状物保持温度(50-65℃),过滤分出成色好的白色沉淀。滤饼用乙腈(50mL)洗涤。滤液用旋转式汽化器浓缩至约500mL。另一2-L的配有机械搅拌器四颈烧瓶充满水(1250mL)。浓缩的反应物在约5分钟的时间内加入到水中。产物经过滤分离,含水的乙腈(25%,3×125mL)洗涤,用水(100mL)洗涤一次,然后室温下真空干燥过夜。产物是结晶状的桔黄色粉末(79.3g,82%的收率)。仅有的可通过1H NMR检测到的杂质是约1.9%的水和0.6%的乙腈。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.09(t,3H),4.16(q,2H),7.31(s,1H),7.71(dd,1H),8.38(d,1H),8.59(d,1H)。
步骤D:3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(另-名称1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-氯吡唑-5-甲酸)的制备
配有机械搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管和氮气插管的1-L四颈烧瓶充满3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤C的产物)(97.5%是纯的,79.3g,0.270mol)、甲醇(260mL)、水(140mL)和氢氧化钠团粒(13.0g,0.325mol)。加氢氧化钠时混合物自热由22升至35℃,起始物质开始溶解。环境条件下搅拌45分钟后,所有的起始物质都溶解。所得的深橙棕色溶液用旋转式汽化器浓缩至约250mL。然后浓缩的反应混合物用水(400mL)稀释。水溶液用乙醚(200mL)萃取。然后水层转到1-L的配有磁力搅拌器的厄伦美厄(Erlenmeyer)烧瓶中。溶液在约10分钟的时间内逐滴地用浓盐酸(36.0g,0.355mol)处理。产物经过滤分离,用水(2×200mL)制成浆状,盖子用水(100mL)洗涤一次,然后在过滤器上风干1.5小时。产物是晶体状的淡褐色粉末(58.1g,83%的收率)。仅有的可通过1HNMR检测到的杂质是约0.7%的乙醚。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.20(s,1H),7.68(dd,1H),8.25(d,1H),8.56(d,1H),13.95(br s,1H)。
下面的实施例9阐述了3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的另一制备方法,根据实施例5和6中阐述的其它步骤可用来制备例如3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[[(1-甲基乙基)氨基]羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺和3-溴-N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺。
实施例9
3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
步骤A1:3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(另一名称1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-溴-2-吡唑啉-5-甲酸乙酯)的制备
配有机械搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管和氮气插管的1-L的四颈烧瓶中充满乙腈(400mL)、2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-氧-3-吡唑烷甲酸乙酯(即实施例8步骤A的产物)(50.0g,0.185mol)和磷酰溴(34.0mL,0.119mol)。桔黄色浆状物加热至回流83℃下20分钟。所得的浑浊的桔黄色溶液回流温度下维持75分钟,这时密集的棕褐色结晶状沉淀物形成。回流冷凝管用蒸馏头替换掉,收集不透明无色的馏分(300mL)。另一1-L的配有机械搅拌器四颈烧瓶充满碳酸氢钠(45g,0.54mol)和水(200mL)。浓缩的反应混合物5分钟内加入到碳酸氢钠浆状物中。所得的两相混合物剧烈的搅拌5分钟,直至气体停止产生。混合物用二氯甲烷(200mL)进行稀释,然后搅拌75分钟。混合物用5gCelite545硅藻土过滤器处理,过滤分出褐色的脂状物质。滤液转到分液漏斗内。分出褐色的有机层(400mL),然后用硫酸镁(15g)和DarcoG60活性炭(2.0g)处理。所得的浆状物磁力搅拌15分钟。过滤浆状物分出硫酸镁和炭。绿色的滤液用硅胶(3g)处理并搅拌几分钟。过滤分出深蓝绿色的硅胶,滤液经旋转式汽化器浓缩。产物是淡琥珀色的油(58.6g,95%的收率),放置后为结晶。仅有的可通过1H NMR检测到的杂质是0.3%的乙腈。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.15(t,3H),3.29(dd,1H),3.60(dd,1H),4.11(q,2H),5.20(dd,1H),6.99(dd,1H),7.84(d,1H),8.12(d,1H)。
步骤A2:使用五溴化磷制备3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯
配有机械搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管和氮气插管的1-L的四颈烧瓶中充满乙腈(330mL)、2-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-5-氧-3-吡唑烷甲酸乙酯(即实施例8步骤A的产物)(52.0g,0.193mol)和五溴化磷(41.0mL,0.0952mol)。桔黄色浆状物加热至回流温度84℃下20分钟。所得的砖红色混合物回流温度下维持90分钟,这时密集的棕褐色的结晶状沉淀物产生。回流冷凝管用蒸馏头替换掉,收集不透明无色的馏分(220mL)。另一1-L的配有机械搅拌器四颈烧瓶充满了碳酸氢钠(40g,0.48mol)和水(200mL)。浓缩的反应混合物5分钟内加入到碳酸氢钠浆状物中。所得的两相混合物剧烈的搅拌10分钟,直至气体停止产生。混合物用二氯甲烷(200mL)稀释,然后搅拌10分钟。混合物用Celite545硅藻土过滤器(5g)处理,过滤分出紫色的脂状物质。滤饼用二氯甲烷(50mL)洗涤。滤液转到分液漏斗内。分出紫红色的有机层(400mL),然后用硫酸镁(15g)和DarcoG60活性炭(2.2g)处理。浆状物磁力搅拌40分钟。过滤浆状物分出硫酸镁和炭。滤液经旋转式汽化器浓缩。产物是暗琥珀色的油(61.2g,95%的收率),放置后为结晶。仅有的可通过1H NMR检测到的杂质是0.7%的乙腈。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.15(t,3H),3.29(dd,1H),3.60(dd,1H),4.11(q,2H),5.20(dd,1H),6.99(dd,1H),7.84(d,1H),8.12(d,1H)。
步骤B:3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(另一名称1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-溴吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯)的制备
配有机械搅拌器、温度计、回流冷凝管和氮气插管的1-L四颈烧瓶中充满3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤A1和A2的产物)(40.2g,0.121mol)、乙腈(300mL)和硫酸(98%,13.0mL,0.245mol)。加硫酸时混合物自热由22升至36℃。搅拌几分钟后,混合物用过硫酸钾(48.0g,0.178mol)处理。浆状物加热至回流84℃下2小时。所得的桔黄色浆状物保持温度(50-65℃)过滤分出白色沉淀。滤饼用乙腈(2×50mL)洗涤。滤液用旋转式汽化器浓缩至约200mL。另一1-L的配有机械搅拌器四颈烧瓶充满了水(400mL)。浓缩的反应物在约5分钟的时间内加入到水中。产物经过滤分离,继而用含水的乙腈(20%,100mL)和水(75mL)洗涤,然后过滤器上风干1小时。产物是结晶状的桔黄色粉末(36.6g,90%的收率)。仅有的可通过1H NMR检测到的杂质是约1%的未知物和0.5%的乙腈。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.09(t,3H),4.16(q,2H),7.35(s,1H),7.72(dd,1H),8.39(d,1H),8.59(d,1H)。
步骤C:3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(另一名称1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-溴吡唑-5-甲酸)的制备
配有机械搅拌器、温度计和氮气插管的300-mL的四颈烧瓶中充满3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤B的产物)(98.5%是纯的,25.0g,0.0756mol)、甲醇(75mL)、水(50mL)和氢氧化钠团粒(3.30g,0.0825mol)。加氢氧化钠时混合物自热由29升至34℃,起始物质开始溶解。环境条件下搅拌90分钟后,所有的起始物质都溶解。所得的暗橙色溶液用旋转式汽化器浓缩至约90mL。然后浓缩的反应混合物用水(160mL)稀释。水溶液用乙醚(100mL)萃取。然后水层转到500-mL的配有磁力搅拌器的厄伦美厄烧瓶中。溶液在约10分钟的时间内逐滴地用浓盐酸(8.50g,0.0839mol)处理。产物经过滤分离,用水(2×40mL)制成浆状,盖子用水(25mL)洗涤一次,然后在过滤器上风干2小时。产物是晶体状的棕褐色粉末(20.9g,91%的收率)。仅有的可通过1H NMR检测到的杂质是约0.8%的未知物和0.7%的乙醚。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ7.25(s,1H),13.95(br s,1H),8.56(d,1H),8.25(d,1H),7.68(dd,1H)。
下面的实施例10阐述了3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯的另一制备方法,用来制备例如3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即实施例9步骤B的产物)。
实施例10
利用溴化氢由3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-
吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯制备3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢
-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯
溴化氢通入3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即实施例8步骤B的产物)(8.45g,29.3mmol)的二溴甲烷(85mL)溶液中。90分钟后停止气流,反应混合物用碳酸氢钠水溶液(100mL)洗涤。有机相干燥,减压蒸发得到标题化合物的油(9.7g,99%的收率),放置后可结晶。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.19(t,3H),3.24(ABX中的1/2AB模式,J=9.3,17.3Hz,1H),3.44(ABX中的1/2AB模式,J=11.7,17.3Hz,1H),4.18(q,2H),5.25(ABX中的X,1H,J=9.3,11.9Hz),6.85(dd,J=4.7,7.7Hz,1H),7.65(dd,J=1.6,7.8Hz,1H),8.07(dd,J=1.6,4.8Hz,1H)。
下面的实施例11阐述了1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-3-[[(4-甲苯基)磺酰基]氧基]-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯的制备,可用类似于实施例10所描述的方法制备3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯。
实施例11
1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-4,5-二氢-3-[[(4-甲苯基)
磺酰基]氧基]-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯的制备
0℃下三乙胺(3.75g,37.1mmol)逐滴地加入到2-(3-氯-吡啶基)-5-氧-3-吡唑烷甲酸乙酯(即实施例8步骤A的产物)(10.0g,37.1mmol)和对甲苯磺酰氯(7.07g,37.1mmol)的二氯甲烷(100mL)混合物中。再加入一份对甲苯磺酰氯(0.35g,1.83mmol)和三乙胺(0.19g,1.88mmol)。然后反应混合物升至室温,搅拌过夜。之后混合物用二氯甲烷(200mL)稀释并用水(3×70mL)洗涤。有机相干燥蒸发得到油状标题化合物(13.7g,87%的收率),慢慢形成结晶。由乙酸乙酯/己烷得到的结晶产物熔点为99.5-100℃。
IR(nujol)ν1740,1638,1576,1446,1343,1296,1228,1191,1178,1084,1027,948,969,868,845cm-1。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.19(t,3H),2.45(s,3H),3.12(ABX中的1/2AB模式,J=17.3,9Hz,1H),3.33(ABX中的1/2AB模式,J=17.5,11.8Hz,1H),4.16(q,2H),5.72(ABX中的X,J=9,11.8Hz,1H),6.79(dd,J=4.6,7.7Hz,1H),7.36(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.56(dd,J=1.6,7.8Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),8.01(dd,J=1.4,4.6Hz,1H)。
实施例12
N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-
吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
步骤A:1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-2,3-二氢-3-氧-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯的制备
向搅拌过的2-(3-氯-吡啶基)-5-氧-3-吡唑烷甲酸乙酯(即实施例8步骤A的产物)(27g,100mmol)的无水乙腈(200mL)悬浮液中加入一份硫酸(20g,200mmol)。反应混合物变稀形成淡绿色、清澈的溶液,增稠后又变成淡黄色悬浮液。加入一份过硫酸钾(33g,120mmol),然后反应混合物加热温和的回流3.5小时。冰浴冷却后,过滤分出白色的固体沉淀并抛弃。滤液用水(400mL)稀释,然后用乙醚(共700mL)萃取三次。合并的乙醚萃取液浓缩至减小的体积(75mL),得到灰白色的固体沉淀(3.75g),过滤收集。乙醚母液再浓缩又一次得到灰白色沉淀(4.2g),再次过滤收集。灰白色固体也可从水相中沉淀;过滤收集该固体(4.5g),合并后共得到12.45g的标题化合物。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.06(t,3H),4.11(q,2H),6.34(s,1H),7.6(t,1H),8.19(d,1H),8.5(d,1H),10.6(s,1H)。
步骤B:1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯的制备
-5℃下向搅拌过的1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-2,3-二氢-3-氧-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤A的产物)(0.8g,3mmol)的无水乙腈(15mL)中加入碳酸钾(0.85g,6.15mmol)。悬浮液20℃下搅拌15分钟。然后搅拌后的悬浮液冷却至5℃,逐滴地加入2,2,2-三氟甲基磺酸乙酯(0.8g,3.45mmol)。反应混合物升至室温,然后加热至回流,此时色谱柱的薄层显示反应完全。向反应混合物中加入水(25mL),然后用乙醚萃取。乙醚萃取液经硫酸镁干燥浓缩得到淡黄色油状标题化合物(1.05g)。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ1.21(t,3H),4.20(q,2H),4.63(q,2H),6.53(s,1H),7.4(t,1H),7.9(d,1H),8.5(d,1H)。
步骤C:1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸的制备
向搅拌过的1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸乙酯(即步骤B的产物)(0.92g,2.8mmol)的甲醇(15mL)溶液中加入水(5mL),使得反应混合物变得不透明。逐滴地加入氢氧化钠水溶液(50%,1.5g,19.2mmol),反应混合物室温下搅拌30分钟,搅拌过程中,反应混合物又变的清澈。加入水(20mL),反应混合物用乙醚萃取,抛弃乙醚。水相用浓盐酸酸化至pH为2,然后用乙酸乙酯(50mL)萃取。乙酸乙酯萃取液用水(20mL)和盐水(20mL)洗涤,硫酸镁干燥浓缩,得到标题化合物,分离后为白色固体(0.8g)
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ4.9(q,2H),6.75(s,1H),7.6(t,1H),8.2(d,1H),8.55(d,1H),13.7(bs,1H)
步骤D:6-氯-8-甲基-2H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-2,4(1H)-二酮的制备
室温下向搅拌过的2-氨基-3-甲基-5-氯苯甲酸(即实施例1步骤A的产物)(97g,520mmol)的无水二噁烷(750mL)悬浮液中逐滴地加入氯甲酸三氯甲酯(63g,320mmol)。反应混合物放热慢慢升温至42℃,固体几乎全部溶解,再次形成浓的悬浮液。环境温度下悬浮液搅拌2.5小时后,过滤分离得到标题化合物,用乙醚洗涤,干燥得到标题化合物的白色固体(98g)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ2.3(s,3H),7.70(s,1H),7.75(s,1H),11.2(s,1H)。
步骤E:6-氯-2-[1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮的制备
向搅拌过的1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(即步骤C的产物)(7.9g,24mmol)的二氯甲烷(100mL)悬浮液中加入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(4滴)。45分钟的时间内逐滴的加入草酰氯(4.45g,35mmol)。所得的溶液室温下搅拌4小时,然后真空浓缩。分离到的酰基氯溶解在无水乙腈(10mL)中,加入到搅拌后的6-氯-8-甲基-2H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-2,4(1H)-二酮(即步骤D的产物)(4.9g,23mmol)的无水乙腈(14mL)悬浮液中。加入吡啶(10mL),溶液加热回流6小时。冰浴冷却后,收集白色固体沉淀(9.15g)。所收集沉淀的1H NMR波谱显示出与标题化合物和残余的6-氯-8-甲基-2H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-2,4(1H)-二酮起始物质一致的波峰。由乙腈中结晶收集一小部分沉淀得到纯的标题产物,熔点178-180℃。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.72(s,3H),4.96(q,2H),7.04(s,1H),7.7(t,1H),7.75(s,1H),7.9(s,1H),8.3(d,1H),8.6(d,1H)。
步骤F:N-[4-氯-2-甲基-6-[(甲氨基)羰基]苯基]-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酰胺的制备
向6-氯-2-[1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮(即步骤E的沉淀产物)(3.53g,7.5mmol)的四氢呋喃(15mL)悬浮液中逐滴地加入甲胺(2.0M的THF溶液,11mL,22mmol),所得的的溶液室温下搅拌45分钟。然后薄层色谱显示反应完全。加入乙醚(100mL),反应混合物搅拌2小时,同时沉淀产生。过滤收集沉淀,然后在乙腈中重结晶得到白色固体(0.82g)。另一份白色固体(0.35g)由乙腈母液中沉淀,过滤收集。开始的乙醚/四氢呋喃母液浓缩至干,残留固体经乙腈重结晶得到第三份白色固体(0.95g)。合并三组份,共得到2.12g(干燥后)的标题化合物,本发明的一种化合物,分离后为白色固体,熔点207-208℃。
1H NMR(CDCl3)δ2.18(s,3H),2.92(d,3H),4.66(q,2H),6.15(q,1H),6.6(s,1H),7.2(s,1H),7.25(s,1H),7.35(t,1H),7.8(d,1H),8.45(d,1H),10.0(s,1H)。
实施例13和14分别阐述了实施例5步骤E和实施例3步骤E的反应条件的另一选择。
实施例13
2-[3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]-6-氯-8-
甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮的制备
甲基磺酰氯(1.0mL,1.5g,13mmol)溶解在乙腈(10mL)中,混合物冷却至-5℃。-5℃至0℃下5分钟内逐滴地加入3-溴-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(即实施例5步骤D的吡唑羧酸产物)(3.02g,10mmol)和吡啶(1.4mL,1.4g,17mmol)的乙腈(10mL)溶液。加入的过程中形成浆状物。混合物在该温度下搅拌5分钟,然后加入2-氨基-3-甲基-5-氯苯甲酸(即实施例1步骤A的产物)(1.86g,10mmol)和吡啶(2.8mL,2.7g,35mmol)的乙腈(10mL)混合物,再用乙腈(5mL)冲洗。混合物-5至0℃下搅拌15分钟,然后-5至0℃下5分钟的时间内逐滴地加入甲基磺酰氯(1.0mL,1.5mL,13mmol)的乙腈(5mL)。反应混合物在该温度下再搅拌超15分钟,然后慢慢升至室温,搅拌4小时。逐滴地加入水(20mL),混合物搅拌15分钟。然后过滤混合物,固体用2∶1的乙腈-水(3×3mL)洗涤,然后用乙腈(2×3mL)洗涤,氮气下干燥得到淡黄色的标题化合物粉末,4.07g(90.2%的粗收率),熔点203-205℃。用ZorbaxRX-C8硅胶色谱柱(4.6mm×25cm,洗脱剂25-95%的乙腈/pH3的水)进行HPLC产物分析,显示有一主峰对应标题化合物,并具有95.7%的色谱峰面积归一(total chromatogram peak area)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.72(s,3H),7.52(s,1H),7.72-7.78(m,2H),7.88(m,1H),8.37(dd,1H),8.62(dd,1H)。
实施例14
6-氯-2-[3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-基]
-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮的制备
甲基磺酰氯(1.0mL,1.5g,13mmol)溶解在乙腈(10mL)中,混合物冷却至-5℃。-5至0℃下5分钟的时间内逐滴地加入3-氯-1-(3-氯-2-吡啶基)-1H-吡唑-5-甲酸(实施例3步骤D的羧酸产物)(2.58g,10mmol)和吡啶(1.4mL,1.4g,17mmol)的乙腈(10mL)溶液。加入过程中形成浆状物。该温度下混合物搅拌5分钟,然后立即加入2-氨基-3-甲基-5-氯苯甲酸(即实施例1步骤A的产物)(1.86g,10mmol)。然后5分钟内-5至0℃下逐滴地加入吡啶(2.8mL,2.7g,35mmol)的乙腈(10mL)溶液。-5至0℃下混合物搅拌15分钟,然后5分钟内-5至0℃下逐滴地加入甲基磺酰氯(1.0mL,1.5mL,13mmol)的乙腈(5mL)。反应混合物该温度下搅拌15分钟,然后慢慢升至室温,搅拌4小时。逐滴地加入水(15mL),混合物搅拌15分钟。然后混合物过滤,固体用2∶1的乙腈-水(3×3mL)洗涤,然后用乙腈(2×3mL)洗涤,氮气下干燥得到淡黄色粉末状的标题化合物,3.83g(94.0%的粗收率),熔点199-201℃。用ZorbaxRX-C8硅胶色谱柱(4.6mm×25cm,洗脱剂25-95%的乙腈/pH3的水)进行HPLC产物分析,显示有一主峰对应标题化合物,并具有97.8%的色谱峰面积归一。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ1.72(s,3H),7.48(s,1H),7.74-7.80(m,2H),7.87(m,1H),8.37(dd,1H),8.62(dd,1H)。
根据此处所描述的方法结合本领域公知的方法,可以制备下面表1中的化合物。下表中使用的缩写如下:t指叔,s指仲,n指正,i指异,Me指甲基,Et指乙基,Pr指丙基,i-Pr指异丙基,Bu指丁基。
表1
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3 | FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBr | MeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-Bu | HHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHH | ClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClCl | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBr | MeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-Bu | HHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHH | ClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3 | FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | BrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBr | MeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMe | MeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeH | ClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrCl | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | BrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBr | MeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMe | MeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeH | ClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3 | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClCl | Eti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Pr | HHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHH | ClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBr | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClCl | Eti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Pr | HHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHH | ClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBr |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3 | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIIIIIIIII | ClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClCl | t-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMe | HMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMe | BrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClCl | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIIIIIIIII | ClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClCl | t-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMe | HMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMe | BrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3 | IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | ClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClCl | MeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEt | HHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHH | BrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClCl | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | ClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClCl | MeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEt | HHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHH | BrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3FFFF | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClFFFF | ClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3ClClClClClCF3CF3CF3CF3 | i-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMen-Prn-Bus-Bui-BuEtMeEti-Prt-Bu | HHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHH | ClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClClClClCl | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBr | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClFFFF | ClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3ClClClClClCF3CF3CF3CF3 | i-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMen-Prn-Bus-Bui-BuEtMeEti-Prt-Bu | HHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHH | ClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClClClClCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFCl | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3 | MeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMe | MeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeH | ClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrCl | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFCl | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3 | MeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-EuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMe | MeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeH | ClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | Eti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Pr | HHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHH | ClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBr | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClCl | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | Eti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Pr | HHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHH | ClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBr |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | ClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | t-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMe | HMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMe | BrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClCl | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | ClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | t-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMe | HMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMe | BrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | BrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII | OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | MeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEt | HHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHH | BrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClCl | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | BrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII | OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | MeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEt | HHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHH | BrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | IIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | i-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-Bu | HHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHH | ClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBr | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | IIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3ClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | i-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-Bu | HHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHHMeHHHH | ClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrClClClClClBrBrBrBr |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 |
FFFFFFFFFFF | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | BrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | MeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMe | MeHHHHMeHHHHMe | BrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBr | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | BrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | MeMeEti-Prt-BuMeMeEti-Prt-BuMe | MeHHHHMeHHHHMe | BrClClClClClBrBrBrBrBr |
如方案1所示和实施例1-10中更详细的阐述,式2的苯并噁嗪如表2中所列的,可用来制备式1的化合物,包括表1所列的化合物。
表2
R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3 | FFFFFFFFClClCl | CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3Cl | ClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrCl | ClClClClClClClClClClCl | FFFFFFFFClClCl | CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3Cl | ClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrCl |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 |
CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CH3FFFFFFFF | ClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3FFFFFFFF | ClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | BrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBr | ClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | ClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3FFFFFFFF | ClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | BrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBr |
R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R5 |
FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF | ClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | ClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBr | BrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBr | ClClClClClClClClBrBrBrBrBrBrBrBrIIIIIIIICF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3CF3 | CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3CF3CF3ClClBrBrOCH2CF3OCH2CF3 | ClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBrClBr |
如方案2所示和实施例1-10中更详细的阐述,式4的吡唑甲酸如表3中所列的,可用来制备式1的化合物,包括表1所列的化合物。
表3
R3 | R5 | R3 | R5 | R3 | R5 |
CF3ClBr | ClClCl | OCH2CF3CF3Cl | ClBrBr | BrOCH2CF3 | BrBr |
制剂/应用
本发明的化合物一般与农业上适合的载体制成制剂或组合物来使用,适合的载体包括至少一种液体稀释剂、固体稀释剂或表面活性剂。制剂或组合物成分的选择应与有效成分的物理性质,施用方式和环境因素如土壤类型、湿度和温度相适应。所使用的剂型包括液剂如溶液(包括乳油)、悬浮剂、乳剂(包括微乳剂和/或悬乳剂)等,它们可任选的浓缩成胶状物。所使用的剂型也包括固体剂型如粉剂、粉末、颗粒剂、丸剂、片剂、薄膜等,它们可以是水分散性的(“可湿性的”)或水溶性的。有效成分可被(微)胶囊化再进一步制成悬浮剂或固体剂型;另外,有效成分的整个剂型也可被胶囊化(或“包被”)。胶囊化可以防制或延缓有效成分的释放。可喷雾制剂可在适当的介质中冲稀,按每公顷约一至几百升的喷雾体积使用。高浓度的组合物主要用于进一步加工的中间体。
各种剂型一般包含有效量的活性成分、稀释剂和表面活性剂,大约按以下范围,再加至100%重量。
重量百分数 | |||
水分散性和水溶性颗粒剂、片剂和粉剂悬浮剂、乳剂、溶液(包括乳油)粉剂颗粒剂和丸剂高浓度组合物 | 有效成分 | 稀释剂 | 表面活性剂 |
5-905-501-250.01-9990-99 | 0-9440-9570-995-99.990-10 | 1-150-150-50-150-2 |
一般的固体稀释剂在Watkins等人,Handbook of InsecticideDust Diluents and Carriers,2nd Ed.,Dorland Book,Caldwell,New Jersey中作了介绍。典型的液体稀释剂在Marsden,SolventsGuide,2nd Ed.,Interscience,New York,1950中作了描述。McCutcheon’s Detergents and Emulsifiers Annual,Allured Publ.Corp.,Ridgewood,New Jersey,以及Sisely and Wood,Encyclopedia of Surface Active Agents,Chemical Publ.Co.,Inc.,New York,1964,列出了表面活性剂及应用推荐。所有的剂型都可含有少量的助剂以减少泡沫、结饼、腐蚀、微生物的生长等,或增稠剂以增加粘度。
表面活性剂包括,例如,聚乙氧基化醇、聚乙氧基化烷基酚、聚乙氧基化脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、磺化丁二酸二烷基酯、硫酸烷基酯、烷基苯磺酸盐、有机硅烷、N,N-二烷基牛磺酸酯、木质素磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐甲醛缩合物、聚羧酸酯和聚氧乙烯/聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物。固体稀释剂包括,例如粘土如膨润土、蒙脱石、硅镁土和高岭土,淀粉、糖、二氧化硅、滑石、硅藻土、尿素、碳酸钙、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠和硫酸钠,液体稀释剂包括,例如,水、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、N-烷基吡咯啉酮、乙二醇、聚丙二醇、碳酸丙二酯、二价酸酯、石蜡、烷基苯、烷基萘、橄榄油、蓖麻油、亚麻籽油、桐油、芝麻油、玉米油、花生油、棉籽油、大豆油、菜籽油和可可油、脂肪酸酯、酮类如环己酮、2-庚酮、异佛尔酮和4-羟基-4-甲基-2-戊酮、和醇类如甲醇、环己醇、十二烷醇和四氢呋喃醇。
溶液,包括乳油,可以通过简单地混合各组分来制备。粉剂和细粉可通过混合,通常在锤磨机或流能磨中研磨来制备。悬浮剂一般通过湿磨来制备;见,例如U.S.3,060,084。颗粒剂和丸剂通过将有效物质喷到刚制成的颗粒载体上或通过造粒技术来制备。见Browning,“Agglomeration”,Chemical Engineering,,December 4,1967,pp 14748,Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook,4th Ed.,McGraw-Hill,New York,1963,8-57页和下面的PCT公开文本WO91/13546。丸剂的制备如U.S.4,172,714中介绍。水分散性和水溶性颗粒剂如U.S.4,144,050、U.S.3,920,442和DE 3,246,93中所描述的方法制备。片剂如U.S.5,180,587、U.S.5,232,701和U.S.5,208,030中所述的方法来制备。薄膜可根据GB2,095,558和U.S.3,299,566中所述的方法来制备。
本领域剂型的更多信息见T.S.Woods,“The Formulator’Tool box-product Forms for Modern Agriculture”in PesticideChemistry and Bioscience,The Food-Environment Challenge,T.Brooks和T.R.Roberts,Eds.,Proceeding of the 9thInternational Congress on Pesticide Chemistry,The RoyalSociety of Chemistry,Cambridge,1999,pp.120-133。也可见U.S.3,235,361,6栏16行至7栏19行和实施例10-41;U.S.3,309,192,5栏43行至7栏62行和实施例8、12、15、39、41、52、53、58、132、138-140、162-164、166、167和169-182;U.S.2,891,855,3栏66行5栏17行和实施例1-4;Klingman,WeedControl as a Science,John Wiley和Sons,Inc.,New York,1961,pp81-96;和Hance等,Weed Control Handbook,8th Ed.,BlackwellScientificPublications,Oxford,1989。
在以下实施例中,所有百分数均以重量计,所有剂型都用常规方法制备。化合物号参见索引表A中的化合物。
实施例A
可湿性粉剂
化合物2 65.0%
十二烷基酚聚乙氧基乙二醇醚 2.0%
木质素磺酸钠 4.0%
硅铝酸钠 6.0%
蒙脱石(煅烧的) 23.0%。
实施例B
颗粒剂
化合物10 10.0%
硅镁土颗粒(低挥发物,0.71/0.30mm,
U.S.S.No.25-50筛) 90.0%。
实施例C
挤压丸剂
化合物20 25.0%
无水硫酸钠 10.0%
粗木质素磺酸钙 5.0%
烷基萘磺酸钠 1.0%
钙/镁膨润土 59.0%。
实施例D
乳油
化合物33 20.0%
油状可溶性磺酸盐和聚氧乙基醚混合物 10.0%
异佛尔酮 70.0%。
本发明的化合物具有良好的代谢性和/或土壤残留模式,并对农业和非农业无脊椎害虫谱表现出防制活性。(说明书上下文中,“无脊椎害虫防制”指抑制无脊椎害虫的生长(包括死亡),使得害虫所引起的取食或其它的伤害或损害明显的减少;有关的表述进行类似的定义。)关于本说明书,“无脊椎害虫”包括重要的经济害虫节肢动物、腹足动物和线虫。“节肢动物”包括昆虫、螨、蜘蛛、蝎子、蜈蚣、千足虫、鼠妇(pill bug)和综合纲害虫(symphylans)。“腹足动物”包括蜗牛、鼻涕虫和其它的有柱腹足目动物。“线虫”包括所有的蠕虫如蛔虫、犬恶丝虫,和食植物的线虫(线虫纲)、吸虫(Tematoda)、棘头纲和绦虫(真绦虫亚纲)。本领域的技术人员会理解不是所有的化合物对所有的害虫都是等效的。本发明化合物对经济上重要的农业害虫和非农业害虫表现出了活性。“农业”指的是田间作物例如食物和纤维的生产,包括下列作物的种植:谷类作物(例如小麦、燕麦、大麦、黑麦、稻、玉米)、大豆、蔬菜作物(例如莴苣、甘蓝、番茄、菜豆)、马铃薯、甘薯、葡萄、棉花和果树(例如仁果、核果和柑桔类水果)。“非农业”指的是其它的园艺(例如不在田间种植的森林、温室、苗圃或观赏植物)、公共(人类)和动物健康、家用和商用建筑、家庭和储藏的产品或害虫。因为无脊椎害虫的防制谱和经济重要性,通过防制无脊椎害虫来保护(来自无脊椎害虫的损害或伤害)农作物棉花、玉米、大豆、稻、蔬菜作物、马铃薯、甘薯、葡萄和果树是本发明优选的实施方案。农业或非农业害虫包括鳞翅目幼虫,例如夜蛾科(例如草地粘虫(Spodoptera fugiperda J.E.Smith)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua Hübner)、小地老虎(Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia niHübner)、烟夜蛾(Heliothis virescens Fabricius))的粘虫、毛虫、尺蠖、和棉铃虫(heliothines);螟蛾科(例如欧洲玉米螟(Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner)、脐橙虫(Amyelois transitellaWalker)、玉米根网螟(Crambus caliginosellus Clemens)、草坪网螟(Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker))的钻心虫、鞘蛾幼虫、结网毛虫、锥虫(coneworm)、甘蓝叶害虫、和雕叶虫;卷叶蛾科(例如苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella Linnaeus)、葡萄小卷蛾(Endopiza viteana Clemens),梨小食心虫(Grapholita molestaBusck))中的卷叶蛾、芽虫、种子虫和果虫;和许多其他经济上重要的鳞翅目害虫(如小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella Linnaeus)、棉红铃虫(Pectinophora gosypiella Saunders)、卷叶蛾(Lymantriadispar Linnaeus));蜚蠊目的若虫和成虫,包括小蠊科和蜚蠊科中的蜚蠊(例如东方蜚蠊(Blatta orientalis Linnaeus),亚洲蜚蠊(Blatella asahinai Mizukubo)、德国小蠊(Blattella germanicaLinnaeus),长须蜚蠊(Supella longipalpa Fabricius),美洲大蠊(Periplaneta americana Linnaeus)、褐色大蠊(Periplanetabrunnea Burmeister)、马德拉蜚蠊(Leucophaea maderaeFabricius));鞘翅目的食叶幼虫和成虫,包括长角象虫科、豆象科和象甲科的象鼻虫(例如棉象甲(Anthonomus grandis Boheman)、稻象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel)、谷象(Sitophilusgranarius Linnaeus)、稻二点象甲(Sitophilus oryzaeLinnaeus));叶甲科(例如马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineataSay)、玉米幼芽根叶甲(Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte))的喜跳甲、黄守瓜、食根虫、金花虫、马铃薯甲虫和潜叶虫;Scaribaeidae科的金龟子和其他甲虫(例如日本弧丽金龟(Popillia japonica Newman)和欧洲金龟(Rhizotrogus majalisRazoumowsky));皮蠹科的红缘皮蠹;叩头虫科的切根虫;棘胫小蠹科的小蠹虫和拟步行虫科的面粉甲虫。此外,农业和非农业害虫包括:革翅目的幼虫和成虫包括球螋科的蠼螋(例如欧洲球螋(Forficulaauricularia Linnaeus)、黑球螋(Chelisoches morio Fabricius));半翅目和同翅目的若虫和成虫,例如盲蝽科的盲蝽象,蝉科的蝉,大叶蝉科的叶蝉(如Empoasca spp.),樗鸡科(Fulgoroidae)和飞虱科的飞虱,角蝉科的角蝉,木虱科的木虱,粉虱科的粉虱,蚜科的蚜虫,根瘤蚜科的根瘤蚜,粉蚧科的粉蚧,蚧科、盾蚧科、绵蚧科的介壳虫,网蝽科的网蝽,蝽科的蝽象,长蝽科的长蝽(例如Blissus spp.)和其他实蝽,沫蝉科的沫蝉,缘蝽科的缘蝽和红蝽科的红蝽和棉红蝽。也包括蜱螨目的幼虫和成虫,例如叶螨科(例如苹果全爪螨(Panonychus ulmi Koch)、二点叶螨(Tetranychus urticae Koch)、麦克旦尼氏螨(Tetranychus mcdanieli McGregor))的叶螨和茶红叶螨,细须螨科的扁平螨(例如桔短须螨(Brevipalpus lewisiMcGregor)),瘿螨科的尘螨和芽螨和其他食叶螨及危害人类和动物健康的重要的螨类,即麦皮螨科的尘螨,脂螨科的腺囊螨,食甜螨科的谷螨(grain mites),硬蜱科的羊虱(例如鹿硬蜱(Ixodesscapularis Say)、金环硬蜱(Ixodes holocyclus Neumann)、美洲大蜱(Dermacentor variabilis Say)、美洲花蜱(Amblyommaamericanum Linnaeus)),和痒螨科、蒲螨科和疥螨科的痂螨和痒螨;直翅目的成虫和幼虫,包括蝗虫、飞蝗和蟋蟀(例如迁徙蚱蜢(例如迁徙蚱蜢Melanoplus sanguinipes Fbricius,长额负蝗M.differentialis Thomas)、美洲蚱蜢(例如Schistocerca americanaDrury)、沙漠蝗(Schistocerca gregaria Forskal)、飞蝗(Locustamigratoria Linnaeus)、家蟋蟀(Acheta domesticus Linnaeus)、蝼蛄(Gryllotalpa spp.));双翅目的成虫和幼虫,包括潜叶蝇、摇蚊、实蝇(实蝇科)、麦杆蝇(例如瑞典麦杆蝇(Oscinella fritLinnaeus)、土蛆、家蝇(例如Musca domestica Linnaeus)、黄腹厩蝇(例如Fannia canicularis Linnaeus、F.femoralis Stein)、厩蝇(例如Stomoxys calcitrans Linnaeus)、秋家蝇、角蝇、飞蝇(例如金蝇属、黑丽蝇属),和其他蝇类害虫,虻(例如虻属)、狂蝇(例如胃蝇属、狂蝇属)、皮蝇(例如皮蝇属)、斑虻(例如斑虻属)、羊虱蝇(例如绵羊虱蝇)和其他短角亚目害虫,蚊虫(例如伊蚊属、按蚊属、库蚊属)、黑蚊(例如原蚋属、蚋属),蠓、蚋、尖眼蕈蚊和其他长角亚目的害虫;缨翅目的成虫和幼虫,包括棉蓟马(Thrips tabaci Lindeman)和其他食叶牧草虫;膜翅目的害虫,包括蚂蚁(例如锈色大墨蚁(Camponotus ferrugineus Fabricius)、黑木工蚁(Camponotus pennsylvanicus DeGeer)、小家蚁(Monomorium pharaonis Linnaeus)、小火蚁(Wasmanniaauropunctata Roger)、火蚁(Solenopsis geminata Fabricius)、红外来火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)、阿根廷蚁(Iridomyrmexhumilis Mayr)、家褐蚁(Paratrechina longicornis Latreille)、草地蚁(Tetramorium caespitum Linnaeus)、玉米田蚁(Lasiusalienus Frster)、臭家蚁(Tapinoma sessile Say)、蜂类(包括木蜂)、大黄蜂、小黄蜂、萤蜂;等翅目的害虫,包括黄胸散白蚁(Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar)、西犀白蚁(Reticulitermeshesperus Banks)、家白蚁(Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki)、西印度干木白蚁(Incisitermes immigrans Snyder)和其他重要的经济白蚁;弹尾目害虫,例如西洋衣鱼(Lepisma saccharinaLinnaeus)和家衣鱼(Thermobia domestica Packard);食毛目的害虫,包括头虱(Pediculus humanus capitis De Geer)、体虱(Pediculus humanus humanus Linnaeus)、雏鸡羽虱(Menacanthusstramineus Nitszch)、狗羽虱(Trichodectes canis De Geer)、鸡姬虱(Goniocotes gallinae De Geer)、羽虱(Bovicola ovisSchrank)、阔胸血虱(Haematopinus eurysternus Nitszch)、牛颚虱(Linognathus vituli Linnaeus)和其他危害人类和动物的刺吸和咀嚼的寄生虱类;Siphonoptera目的害虫,包括东方鼠蚤(Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild)、猫栉头蚤(Ctenocephalidesfelis Bouche)、狗栉头蚤(Ctenocephalides canis Curtis)、禽蚤(Ceratophyllus gallinae Schrank)、禽冠蚤(Echidnophagagallinacea Westwood)、人蚤(Pulex irritans Linnaeus)和其他侵害哺乳动物和鸟类的跳蚤。另外的节肢动物的害虫包括:蜘蛛目的蜘蛛,例如褐皮花蛛(Loxosceles reclusa Gertsch & Mulaik)和黑寡妇球腹蛛(Latrodectus mactans Fabricius),和蚰蜒形目的蜈蚣,例如家蚰蜒(Scutigera coleoptrata Linnaeus)。本发明化合物对下列害虫也有活性:包括线虫纲、多节绦虫亚纲、吸虫纲和棘头(虫)纲包括圆线虫亚目、蛔虫目、尖尾亚目、小杆目、旋尾目和嘴刺目经济重要的害虫,例如不局限于经济上重要的农业害虫(即根结线虫属的根结线虫、草地垫刃线虫属的草地垫刃线虫、鬃根线虫属的鬃根线虫等)、和危害动物和人类健康的害虫(即所有经济重要的吸虫、绦虫和线虫,如寄生于马的寻常圆线虫、寄生于狗的弓蛔虫、寄生于绵羊的血矛线虫、寄生于狗的恶丝虫、寄生于马的裸头绦虫、寄生于反刍动物的肝片吸虫等。
本发明的化合物对下述害虫表现出特别高的活性,鳞翅目(例如棉叶波纹夜蛾(Alabama argillacea Hübner)、美云杉黄卷蛾(Archipsargyrospila Walker)、玫瑰黄卷蛾(A.rosana Linnaeus)和其他的黄卷蛾,二化螟(Chilo suppressalis Walker)、稻纵卷叶蛾(Cnaphalocrosis medinalis Guenee)、玉米根草螟(Crambuscaliginosellus Clemens)、早熟禾草螟(Crambus teterrelluszincken)、苹蠹蛾(Cydia pomonella Linnaeus)、棉斑实蛾(Eariasinsulana Boisduval)、鼎点金刚钻(Eariasvittella Fabricius)、美洲棉铃虫(Helicverpa armigera Hübner)、棉铃虫(Helicverpazea Boddie)、烟夜蛾(Heliothis virescens Fabricius)、瘤蛾(Herpetogramma licarsisalis Walker)、葡萄小卷蛾(Lobesiabotrana Denis & Schiffermüller)、棉红铃虫(Pectinophoragossypiella Saunders)、桔叶潜叶蛾(Phyllocnistis citrellaStainton)、大菜粉蝶(Pieris brassicae Linnaeus)、菜粉蝶(Pierisrapae Linnaeus)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella Linnaeus)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua Hübner)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodopteralitura Fabricius)、草地粘虫(Spodoptera frugiperdaJ.E.Smith)、粉纹夜蛾(Trichoplusia niHübner)、Tuta absolutaMeyrick(tomato leafminer))。发明的化合物也对同翅目下述害虫具有经济上重要的活性,包括豌蚜(Acyrthisiphon pisumHarris)、豆蚜(Aphiscraccivora Koch)、甜菜蚜(Aphis fabaeScopoli)、棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glover)、苹果蚜(Aphis pomiDe Geer)、绣线菊蚜(Aphis spiraecola Patch)、茄沟无网蚜(Aulacorthum solani Kaltenbach)、草莓中瘤钉毛蚜(Chaetosiphonfragaefolii Cockerell)、俄罗斯麦蚜(Diuraphis noxiaKurdjumov/Mordvilko)、苹粉红劣蚜(Dysaphis plantagineaPaaserini)、苹果绵蚜(Eriosoma lanigerum Hausmann)、桃粉大尾蚜(Hyalopterus pruni Geoffroy)、菜缢管蚜(Lipaphis erysimiKaltebach)、蔷薇麦蚜(Metopolophium dirrhodum Walker)、马铃薯长管蚜(Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas)、桃蚜(Myzuspersicae Sulzer)、莴苣蚜(Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley)、根蚜和瘤蚜(Pemphigus spp.)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidisFitch)、粟缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus)、草间裂蚜茧蜂(Schizaphis graminum Rondani)、英国谷蚜(Sitobion avenaeFaricius)、苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis maculata Buckton)、茶二叉蚜(Toxoptera aurantii Boyer de Fonscolombe)和桔二叉蚜(Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy);球蚜属(Adelges spp.);美核桃根瘤蚜(Phylloxera devastatrix Pergande);棉粉虱(Bemisiatabaci Gennadius)、银叶粉虱(Bemisia argentifolii Bellows&Perring)、柑桔粉虱(Dialeurodes citri Ashmead)和温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood);蛋豆微叶蝉(Empoascafabae)、稻灰飞虱(Laodelphax striatellus Fallen)、六点叶蝉(Macrolestes quadrilineatus Forbes)、黑尾叶蝉(Nephotettixcinticeps Uhler)、稻叶蝉(Nephotettix nigropictus Stl)、稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens Stl)、玉米蜡蝉(PeregrinusmaidisAshmead)、白背稻虱(Sogatella furcifera Horvath)、稻飞虱(Sogatodes orizicola Muir)、草白小叶蝉(Typhlocyba pomariaMcAtee)、红斑叶蝉(Erythroneura spp.);十七年蝉(Magicidadaseptendecim Linnaeus);吹绵蚧(Icerya purchasi Maskell)、梨笠圆盾蚧(Quadraspidiotus perniciosus Comstock);桔粉蚧(Planococcus citri Risso);其它的粉蚧类群(Pseudococcusspp.);梨叶虱(Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster)、柿木虱(Triozadiospyri Ashmead)。这些化合物也对下述的半翅目害虫有活性,包括喜绿蝽(Acrosternum hilare Say)、南瓜缘蝽(Anasa tristis DeGeer)、玉米长蝽(Blissus leucopterus leucopterus Say)、棉网蝽(Corythuca gossypii Fabricius)、番茄盲蝽(Cyrtopeltismodesta Distant)、棉黑翅红蝽(Dysdercus suturellusHerrich-Schffer)、褐臭椿(Euchistus servus Say)、一点臭蝽(Euchistus variolarius Palisot de Beauvoi)、实蝽(Graptosthetus spp.)、松子喙缘蝽(Leptoglossus corculusSay)、牧草盲蝽(Lygus lineolaris Palisot de Beauvois)、稻绿蝽(Nezara viridula Linnaeus)、稻臭蝽(Oebalus pugnaxFabricius)、大马利筋长蝽(Oncopeltus fasciatus Dallas)、棉跳盲蝽(Pseudatomoscelis seriatus Reuter)。发明化合物防制的其他目的害虫包括缨翅目(例如苜蓿蓟马(Frankliniellaoccidentalis Pergande)、桔实蓟马(Scirthothrips citriMoulton)、黄豆蓟马(Sericothrips variabilis Beach)和棉蓟马(Thrips tabaci Lindeman));和鞘翅目(例如马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say)、墨西哥豆瓢虫(Epilachnavarivestis Mulsant)和叩甲属、叩甲(Athous)或草金针虫属的切根虫)。
本发明的化合物也可与一种或多种其它的生物活性化合物或制剂混用,包括杀虫剂、杀菌剂、杀线虫剂、杀细菌剂、杀螨剂、生长调节剂如促生根剂、化学不育剂、化学信息素、驱避剂、引诱剂、外激素、促食剂、其它生物活性化合物或昆虫病原细菌、病毒或真菌形成多组分农药,以得到更广的农业应用谱。因而本发明还涉及一种含有生物有效量的式1化合物和有效量的至少一种另外的生物活性化合物或制剂的混合物,还可包括至少一种表面活性剂、固体稀释剂或液体稀释剂。可与本发明化合物一起加工的这些生物活性化合物或制剂的例子是:杀虫剂如爱福丁、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、amidoflumet(S-1955)、阿维菌素、艾扎丁、谷硫磷、氟氯菊酯、联苯肼酯、噻嗪酮、呋喃丹、虫螨腈、氟啶脲、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、环虫酰肼、噻虫胺、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、丁醚脲、二嗪磷、除虫脲、乐果、苯虫醚、甲胺基阿维菌素,硫丹、高效氰戊菊酯、ethiprole、苯硫威、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、flonicamid、氟氰戊菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、flufenerim(UR-50701)、氟虫脲、地虫磷、特丁苯酰肼、氟铃脲、吡虫啉、噁二唑虫、丙胺磷、虱螨脲、马拉硫磷、蜗牛敌、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、灭多虫、蒙五一五、甲氧滴滴涕、久效磷、甲氧苯酰肼、硝虫噻嗪、双苯氟脲、noviflumuron(XDE-007)、甲氨叉威、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯菊酯、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、抗蚜威、丙溴磷、拒嗪酮、pyridalyl、蚊蝇醚、鱼藤酮、艾克敌105、spiromesifin(BSN2060)、乙丙硫磷、双苯酰肼、伏虫隆、七氟菊酯、特丁磷、杀虫畏、噻虫磷、噻虫嗪、硫双灭多威、杀虫双、四溴菊酯、敌百虫和杀虫隆;杀菌剂如噻二唑素、腈嘧菊酯、苯菌灵、灭瘟素、波尔多液、糠菌唑、氯环丙酰胺、敌菌丹、克菌丹、多菌灵、地茂散、百菌清、氯氧化铜、铜盐、cyflufenamid、清菌脲、环唑醇、环丙嘧啶、(s)-3-5,二氯-N-(3-氯-1-乙基-1-甲基-2-氧丙基)-4-甲基苯甲酰胺(RH7281)、双氯氰菌胺(S-2900)、哒菌清、氯硝胺、噁醚唑、(S)-3,5-二氢-5-甲基-2-(甲硫基)-5-苯基-3-(苯氨基)-4H-咪唑-4酮(RP407213)、烯酰吗啉、dimoxystrobin、烯唑醇、烯唑醇-M、多果定、克瘟散、氧唑菌、噁唑酮菌、咪唑菌酮、异嘧菌醇、腈苯唑、fencaramid(SZX0722)、拌种咯、苯锈啶、丁苯吗啉、薯瘟锡、毒菌锡、氟啶胺、氟噁菌、氟联苯菌(RPA403397)、flumorf/flumorlin(SYP-L190)、fluoxastrobin(HEC5725)、喹唑菌酮、氟硅唑、氟酰胺、粉唑醇、灭菌丹、乙磷铝、氟氨丙灵、呋吡唑灵(S-82658)、己唑醇、环戊唑醇、异稻瘟净、异丙定、稻瘟灵、春雷霉素、亚胺菌、代森锰锌、代森锰、mefenoxam、灭氧灭锈胺、甲霜灵、叶菌唑、叉氨苯酰胺(SSF-126)、metrafenone(AC-375839)、睛菌唑、田安甲砷铁(甲基砷酸铁)、nicobifen(BAS510)、orysastrobin、噁霜灵、戊菌唑、戊菌隆、噻菌灵、丙氯灵、百维灵、丙环唑、proquinazid(DPX-KQ926)、prothioconazole(JAU6476)、啶斑肟、唑菌胺酯、二甲嘧菌胺、咯喹酮、喹氧灵、螺噁茂胺、硫、戊唑醇、氟醚唑、涕必灵、溴氟唑菌、甲基托布津、福美双、tiadinil、三唑酮、唑菌醇、三环唑、肟菌酯、戊叉唑菌、有效霉素和烯菌酮;杀线虫剂如涕灭威、甲氨叉威、克线磷;杀细菌剂如链霉素;杀螨剂如杀螨脒、杀螨猛、乙酯杀螨醇、三环锡、开乐散、除螨灵、特苯噁唑、喹螨醚、杀螨锡、甲氰菊酯、唑螨酯、噻螨酮、克螨特、哒螨酮和吡螨胺;和生物制剂如苏云金杆菌包括aizawai变种和kurstaki变种、苏云金杆菌δ毒素、杆状病毒和昆虫致病细菌、病毒和真菌。本发明化合物或其组合物施用到植物上后通常转化成对无脊椎害虫有毒的表达蛋白(如苏云金杆菌毒素)。外用本发明的无脊椎害虫防制化合物可与表达的毒素蛋白起到协同效果。
这些农药杀虫剂一般参考The Pesticide Manual,12th Edition,C.D.S.Tomlin,Ed.,British Crop Protection Council,Farnham,Surrey,U.K.,2000。
与本发明化合物混合的优选的杀虫剂和杀螨剂包括拟除虫菊酯类如氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯和β-氟氯氰菊酯和高氰戊菊酯、氰戊菊酯和四溴菊酯;氨基甲酸酯类如苯硫威、灭多虫、甲氨叉威和硫双灭多威;类烟碱类如噻虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉;神经钠通道阻断剂如噁二唑虫、杀虫的大环内酯如艾克敌105、阿维菌素、甲胺基阿维菌素;γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)拮抗剂如硫丹、ethiprole、和锐劲特;杀虫脲类如氟虫脲和杀虫隆,保幼激素模拟物如噁茂醚和蚊蝇醚;拒嗪酮;和虫螨脒。与本发明化合物混合的优选的生物制剂包括苏云金杆菌和苏云金杆菌δ毒素,以及自然发生或经遗传改造的包括杆状病毒科成员的病毒杀虫剂和食虫真菌。
最优选的混合物包括本发明化合物与氯氟氰菊酯的混合物;本发明化合物与β-氟氯氰菊酯的混合物;本发明化合物与高氰戊菊酯的混合物;本发明化合物与灭多虫的混合物;本发明化合物与吡虫啉的混合物;本发明化合物与噻虫啉的混合物;本发明化合物与噁二唑虫的混合物;本发明化合物与阿维菌素的混合物;本发明化合物与硫丹的混合物;本发明化合物与ethiprole的混合物;本发明化合物与锐劲特的混合物;本发明化合物与氟虫脲的混合物;本发明化合物与蚊蝇醚的混合物;本发明化合物与拒嗪酮的混合物;本发明化合物与虫螨醚的混合物;本发明化合物与苏云金杆菌的混合物;本发明化合物与苏云金杆菌δ毒素的混合物;
某些情况下,和其它具有类似的防制谱,但作用方式不同的杀无脊椎害虫的化合物或制剂组合特别有利于抗性的防治管理。因此,本发明组合物可再包括至少另一生物有效量的防制无脊椎害虫的具有类似防制谱,但作用方式不同的化合物或制剂。对植物进行遗传改造使其表达出植物蛋白化合物(例如蛋白质)或植物的本发明生物有效量化合物的基因座,也可得到更宽的植物保护谱,有利于抗性的防治。
通过将一种或多种有效量的本发明化合物施用于害虫的环境,包括农业的和/或非农业的侵染地,施用于被保护的区域,或直接施用于被防制的害虫上,都可以达到防制农业和非农业中无脊椎害虫的目的。因此,本发明还包括一种防制无脊椎害虫的方法,该方法包括将生物有效量的一种或多种本发明化合物、或者含有至少一种该化合物的组合物,或含有至少一种该化合物和有效量的至少一种另外的生物活性化合物或制剂的组合物,接触无脊椎害虫或它们的环境。适合的含有一种本发明化合物和有效量的至少另一种生物活性化合物或制剂的组合物的例子包括颗粒组合物,其中,另一种生物活性化合物或制剂与本发明化合物存在于同一颗粒中或与本发明化合物分开的颗粒中。
优选的接触方法是喷雾。另外,含有本发明化合物的颗粒组合物也可施到植物叶面或土壤中。含有本发明化合物的组合物通过液剂、颗粒剂施到土壤,育苗箱处理或移栽时的浸渍等土壤浸湿方法接触植物,再通过植物的吸收传导,本发明的化合物也是有效的。将含有本发明化合物的组合物局部的施用到侵染场所,该化合物也是有效的。其它的施用本发明化合物或组合物的方法包括直接或滞留喷雾、飞机喷洒、种子包衣、微胶囊化、内吸摄入、饵剂、耳标、丸剂、烟雾、熏蒸剂、气雾剂、粉剂等。本发明化合物也可包含在制备无脊椎害虫防制设备(例如,虫网)的材料中。
本发明的化合物可以加入到无脊椎害虫的饵料中或例如诱捕器等的设备中。含有0.01-5%活性成分、0.05-10%的保湿剂和40-99%植物粉的颗粒剂或毒饵以非常低的使用量来有效防制土壤害虫,特别是以摄食后致命而不是直接接触的有效成分的剂量。
本发明化合物可以它们的纯体形式使用,但使用最普遍的是含有一种或多种化合物与适当的载体、稀释剂和表面活性剂的制剂,根据预期的最终用途,还可与食物结合使用。优选的施用方法包括喷洒化合物的水分散液或精炼油溶液。与喷雾油、喷雾油浓缩制剂、展着增稠剂、辅料、其它溶剂和增效剂如胡椒基丁醚组合使用,常常可提高化合物的防效。
有效防制(即生物有效量)所需的施药量取决于以下因素:所防制的无脊椎动物的品系、害虫的生活史、生活阶段、大小、地点、时期、寄主植物或动物、取食行为、交配行为、空气湿度、温度等。正常环境下,每公顷大约0.01-2kg有效成分的施药量对农业生态系中的害虫防制是足够的,但少至0.0001kg/公顷可能是足够的,或多至8kg/公顷可能也是需要的。对于非农业应用,有效施用量范围是大约1.0-50mg/m2,但少至0.1mg/m2可能是足够的,或多至150mg/m2可能也是需要的。本领域技术人员可轻易的确定达到所要的无脊椎害虫防制水平所需的生物有效量。
下面的本发明生物实施例中的实验证明了用本发明化合物防制特殊害虫的防制效果。“防制效果”代表抑制节肢动物生长(包括死亡),使得取食明显的减少。由这些化合物产生的害虫防制保护并不限制于这些品系。关于化合物的描述见索引表A。以下的索引表中采用的缩写如下:t是叔、n是正、i是异、s是仲、Me是甲基、Et是乙基、Pr是丙基、Bu是丁基;相应的i-Pr是异丙基、s-Bu是仲丁基等。缩写“Ex.”代表“实施例”,后面的数字表示这个实施例内制备该化合物。
索引表A
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | m.p.(℃) |
1 | Me | Br | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 197-198 |
2(实施例1) | Me | Cl | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 195-196 |
3 | Me | Cl | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 223-225 |
4(实施例2) | Me | Cl | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 185-186 |
5 | Br | Br | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 192-193 |
6 | Br | Br | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 246-247 |
7 | Br | Br | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 162-163 |
8 | Br | Er | CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 188-189 |
9 | Cl | Cl | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 200-201 |
10 | Cl | Cl | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 170-172 |
11 | Cl | Cl | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 155-157 |
12 | Cl | Cl | CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 201-202 |
13 | Me | Br | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 247-248 |
14 | Me | Br | CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 192-193 |
15 | Me | F | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 179-180 |
16 | Me | Br | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 185-187 |
17 | Me | CF3 | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 235-236 |
18 | Me | CF3 | CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 216-217 |
19 | Me | I | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 188-189 |
20(实施例6) | Me | Cl | Br | Me | H | Cl | 162-164 |
21 | Me | Cl | Br | t-Bu | H | Cl | 159-161 |
22 | Br | Br | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 162-163 |
23 | Br | Br | Br | Me | H | Cl | 166-168 |
24 | Br | Br | Br | t-Bu | H | Cl | 210-212 |
25 | Cl | Cl | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 188-190 |
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | m.p.(℃) |
26 | Cl | Cl | Br | t-Bu | H | Cl | 179-180 |
27(实施例5) | Me | Cl | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 159-161 |
28 | Cl | Cl | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 200-202 |
29 | Cl | Br | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 143-145 |
30 | Cl | Br | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 171-173 |
31 | Me | Br | Br | Me | H | Cl | 147-149 |
32 | Me | Br | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 222-223 |
33(实施例3) | Me | Cl | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 173-175 |
34(实施例4) | Me | Cl | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 225-226 |
35 | Me | Cl | Cl | t-Bu | H | Cl | 163-165 |
36 | Me | Br | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 152-153 |
37 | Me | Br | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 140-141 |
38 | Me | Br | Br | t-Bu | H | Cl | 215-221 |
39 | Me | I | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 199-200 |
40 | Me | CF3 | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 148-149 |
41 | Me | Cl | Cl | Et | H | Cl | 199-200 |
42 | Br | Br | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 197-199 |
43 | Br | Br | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 188-190 |
44 | Br | Br | Cl | t-Bu | H | Cl | 194-196 |
45 | Br | Br | Cl | Et | H | Cl | 192-194 |
46 | Cl | Cl | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 197-199 |
47 | Cl | Cl | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 205-206 |
48 | Cl | Cl | Cl | t-Bu | H | Cl | 172-173 |
49 | Cl | Cl | Cl | Et | H | Cl | 206-208 |
50 | Me | F | Br | t-Bu | H | Cl | 124-125 |
51 | Br | Br | Br | Et | H | Cl | 196-197 |
52 | Cl | Cl | Br | Me | H | Cl | 245-246 |
53 | Cl | Cl | Br | Et | H | Cl | 214-215 |
54 | Me | Br | Br | Et | H | Cl | 194-196 |
55 | Me | I | Br | Me | H | Cl | 229-230 |
56 | Me | I | Br | i-pr | H | Cl | 191-192 |
57 | Me | CF3 | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 249-250 |
58 | Me | Cl | CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 163-164 |
59 | Me | I | CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 199-200 |
60 | Me | I | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 242-243 |
61 | Me | Cl | Br | Et | H | Cl | 194-195 |
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | m.p.(℃) |
62 | Me | F | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 213-214 |
63 | Me | F | CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 212-213 |
64 | Me | F | CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 142-143 |
65 | Me | F | Br | Me | H | Cl | 214-215 |
66 | Me | F | Br | Et | H | Cl | 205-205 |
67 | Me | F | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 206-208 |
68 | Me | F | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 184-185 |
69 | Me | F | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 180-182 |
70 | Me | F | Cl | Et | H | Cl | 163-165 |
71 | Me | Br | Cl | Et | H | Cl | 192-194 |
72 | Me | I | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 233-234 |
73 | Me | I | Cl | Et | H | Cl | 196-197 |
74 | Me | I | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 189-190 |
75 | Me | I | Cl | t-Bu | H | Cl | 228-229 |
76 | Me | Br | Cl | t-Bu | H | Cl | 224-225 |
77 | Br | Br | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 153-155 |
78 | Me | Br | CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 207-208 |
79 | Cl | Cl | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 23l-232 |
80 | Br | Br | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 189-190 |
81 | Cl | Cl | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 216-218 |
82 | Cl | Cl | CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 225-227 |
83 | Me | Br | OCH2CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 213-215 |
84 | Me | Br | OCH2CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 206-208 |
85 | Me | Cl | OCH2CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 217-218 |
86 | Me | Cl | OCH2CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 205-207 |
87(实施例10) | Me | Cl | OCH2CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 207-208 |
88 | Me | Br | OCH2CF3 | Et | H | Cl | 208-211 |
89 | Me | Br | OCH2CF3 | t-Bu | H | Cl | 213-216 |
90 | Br | Br | CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 228-229 |
91 | Cl | Br | CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 238-239 |
92 | Cl | C | OCH2CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 232-235 |
93 | Cl | Cl | OCH2CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 192-195 |
94 | Cl | Cl | OCH2CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 132-135 |
95 | Br | Br | OCH2CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 225-227 |
96 | Br | Br | OCH2CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 206-208 |
97 | Br | Br | OCH2CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 175-177 |
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | m.p.(℃) |
98 | Cl | Br | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 237-238 |
99 | Cl | Br | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 228-229 |
100 | Cl | Br | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 236-237 |
101 | Cl | Br | Br | Me | H | Cl | 226-227 |
102 | Cl | F | CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 215-216 |
103 | Cl | F | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 219-220 |
104 | Br | F | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 235-236 |
105 | Br | F | Br | Me | H | Cl | 238-239 |
106 | Br | F | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 236-237 |
107 | Br | F | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 246-247 |
108 | Br | F | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 233-234 |
109 | Br | F | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 153-154 |
110 | Me | F | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 242-243 |
111 | Cl | F | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 245-246 |
112 | Cl | F | Br | Me | H | Cl | 217-218 |
113 | Cl | F | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 168-169 |
114 | Cl | F | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 239-240 |
115 | Cl | F | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 248-249 |
116 | Cl | F | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 169-170 |
117 | Br | F | CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 191-192 |
118 | Br | F | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 228-229 |
119 | Br | F | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 224-226 |
120 | Br | Cl | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 188-189 |
121 | Br | Cl | Br | Me | H | Cl | 248-249 |
122 | Br | Cl | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 252-253 |
123 | Br | Cl | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 147-148 |
124 | Br | Cl | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 249-250 |
125 | Br | Cl | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 239-240 |
126 | Br | Cl | CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 200-201 |
127 | Br | Cl | CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 158-159 |
128 | Br | Cl | CF3 | i-Pr | H | Cl | 250-250 |
129 | Me | Cl | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 232-233 |
130 | Me | Cl | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 210-211 |
131 | F | F | Br | Me | H | Cl | 197-198 |
132 | F | F | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 218-222 |
133 | F | Cl | Br | Me | H | Cl | 203-204 |
化合物 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4a | R4b | R5 | m.p.(℃) |
134 | F | Cl | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 226-227 |
135 | F | Cl | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 207-208 |
136 | F | Cl | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 211-212 |
137 | F | Cl | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 237-238 |
138 | F | F | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 159-160 |
139 | F | F | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 225-226 |
140 | F | F | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 201-202 |
141 | F | Br | Br | Me | H | Cl | 209-210 |
142 | F | Br | Br | Me | Me | Cl | 225-226 |
143 | F | Br | Br | i-Pr | H | Cl | 208-209 |
144 | F | Br | Cl | Me | H | Cl | 209-210 |
145 | F | Br | Cl | Me | Me | Cl | 244-245 |
146 | F | Br | Cl | i-Pr | H | Cl | 207-208 |
147 | F | Br | OCH2CF3 | Me | H | Cl | 210-211 |
148 | F | Br | OCH2CF3 | Me | Me | Cl | 204-206 |
发明的生物实施例
实验A
为了评价对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)的防制,实验单元是具有一小开口的容器,里面放有生长12-14天的萝卜植株。用一片昆虫食料上的10-15头初生幼虫进行预侵染,通过取样器从一片硬化了生长有许多幼虫的昆虫食料上移走塞子,并将含有昆虫和食料的塞子转移到实验单元中。随着塞子上的食料变干,幼虫移向实验植株。
实验化合物用含有10%丙酮、90%水和300ppm含有烷基芳基聚氧乙烯、游离脂肪酸、乙二醇和异丙醇(Loveland Industries,Inc.)的X-77Spreader Lo-Foam Formula非离子表面活性剂进行加工,除非有其它的说明。用定位在每个实验单元顶部1.27cm(0.5英寸)处具有1/8通体(custom body)(Spraying Systems Co.)的SUJ2喷雾嘴以1mL液体的量施用加工好的化合物。在该次筛选中所有的实验化合物以50ppm的浓度喷洒,重复三次。喷完加工好的实验化合物后,每个实验单元风干1小时,然后上面覆盖一黑色带筛孔的盖子。实验单元在25℃,相对湿度70%的生长室内培养6天。然后目测植株被取食破坏的程度。
供试的化合物中,下面化合物获得了良好的植物保护效果(10%或更少受到侵食危害):1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,10S,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137。
实验B
为了评价对草地粘虫(Spodoptera frugiperda)防制,实验单元包括一小开口的容器,里面放有生长4-5天的玉米(maize)植株。通过取样器根据实验A所描述的方法用一片害虫食料上的10-15头1天大的幼虫进行预侵染。
实验化合物如实验A所描述进行加工,50ppm下喷雾。重复三次。喷完后,实验单元在生长室内维持,按照实验A所描述目测侵染率。
供试的化合物中,下面化合物得到了良好的植物保护效果(10%或更少受到侵食危害):1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137。
实验C
为了评价对烟夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)防制,实验单元包括一小开口的容器,里面放有生长6-7天的棉苗植株。通过取样器根据实验A所描述的方法用一片害虫食料上的8头2天大的幼虫进行预侵染。
实验化合物如实验A所描述进行加工,50ppm下喷雾。重复三次。喷完后,实验单元在生长室内维持,按照实验A所描述目测侵染率。
供试的化合物中,下面化合物得到了良好的植物保护效果(10%或更少受到侵食危害):1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129。
实验D
为了评价对甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)防制效果,实验单元包括一小开口的容器,里面放有生长4-5天的玉米植株。使用取样器根据实验A所描述的方法用一片食料上的10-15头1天大的幼虫进行预侵染。
实验化合物如实验A所描述进行加工,以50ppm进行喷雾。重复三次。喷完后,实验单元按照实验A所描述的在生长室内维持,然后目测侵染率。
供试的化合物中,下面化合物得到了良好的植物保护效果(10%或更少受到侵食危害):1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,100 101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,129。
实验E
通过接触和/或内吸的方法评价对桃蚜(Myzus persicae)的防制效果,实验单元包括一小开口的容器,内部放有生长12-15天的萝卜植株。用从培养植株割下的一片叶子上(断叶方法)的30-40头昆虫放置在供试植株叶片上进行预侵染。当叶片变干后,幼虫移向实验植株。预侵染后,实验单元的土壤上覆盖一层沙。
实验化合物用含有10%丙酮、90%水和300ppm含有烷基芳基聚氧乙烯、游离脂肪酸、乙二醇和异丙醇(Loveland Industries,Inc.)的X-77Spreader Lo-Foam Formula非离子表面活性剂进行加工,除非另有说明。用定位在每个实验单元顶部1.27cm(0.5英寸)处具有1/8通体(Spring Systems Co.)的SUJ2喷雾嘴以1mL液体的量施用加工好的化合物。在该次筛选中所有的实验化合物以250ppm的浓度喷洒,重复三次。喷完加工后的实验化合物后,每个实验单元风干1小时,然后上面放置一黑色带筛孔的盖子。实验单元在19-21℃,相对湿度50-70%的生长室内培养6天。然后目测每个实验单元中的昆虫死亡率。
供试的化合物中,下面的化合物得到了至少80%的死亡率:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,16,20,21,22,23,25,26,27,28,29,31,32,33,36,38,39,41,42,43,45,46,47,49,51,52,54,55,56,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,69,72,74,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,90,91,93,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,108,109,111,112,113,114,115,116,126,127,128,131,135。
实验F
通过接触和/或内吸的方法评价对棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)的防制效果,实验单元包括一小开口的容器,内部放有生长6-7天的棉苗植株。根据实验E所描述的断叶方法用一片叶上的30-40头昆虫进行预侵染,实验单元的土壤上覆盖一层沙。
如实验E所描述对实验化合物进行加工,250ppm下喷洒。重复三次。喷完后,按照实验E所描述的方法将实验单元放入生长室内维持,目测危害率。
供试的化合物中,下面的化合物结果得到了至少80%的死亡率:1,2,4,5,7,8,10,11,12,13,14,16,20,21,22,23,25,26,27,28,29,31,32,33,34,36,38,39,42,43,45,46,47,49,51,52,53,54,55,56,58,59,62,63,65,66,67,77,78,79,80,81,82,87,88,90,91,93,94,96,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,111,112,113,114,115,116,117,119,120,121,122,123,124,125,126,127,128,131,133,135,136。
实验G
为了评价对棉粉虱(Bemisia tabaci)的防制,实验单元内含有生长在Redi-earth培养基(Scotts Co.)上的14-21天大的棉苗植株,至少有两片真叶叶背被2龄和3龄的若虫侵染。
实验化合物用不超过2mL的丙酮进行加工,然后用水稀释至25-30mL。加工好的化合物用平扇形气压喷嘴(Sprying Systems 122440)10psi(69kPa)施用。植株通过转盘喷雾器喷雾至有液滴流下(专利申请EP-1110617-A1)。供筛选的所有实验化合物以250ppm进行喷洒,重复3次。喷完实验化合物后,实验单元在50-60%的相对湿度,白天28℃和夜晚24℃的生长室内培养6天。然后取出叶片,统计死亡和存活的若虫,计算百分死亡率。
供试的化合物中,下面的化合物得到了至少80%的死亡率:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,16,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,29,31,32,33,34,39,42,43,45,46,47,49,51,52,53,54,55,56,59,77,78,79,80,81,82,87,90,93。
实验H
通过土壤内吸评价对烟夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)的防制,棉苗种植在铝盘中15cm钵内的樟土(sassafras soil)中。当植株到达蕾期(植株上的花蕾形成),用实验化合物进行处理。
实验化合物用0.25mL的丙酮进行加工,然后用水稀释得到1、5、10和50ppm的溶液。向钵内四周每周加入10mL的处理溶液,每个处理四次重复。第二次、第三次和第四次处理后一天,向每个植株上用画笔刷移入35-50头1龄烟夜蛾幼虫,放置在顶端、花蕾和棉桃上。最后一次幼虫侵染植株5天后,测算损害率。供试的化合物中,下面的化合物10ppm下得到了良好的保护效果(10%或更少的侵食危害):16
供试化合物中,下面的化合物对花蕾和棉桃在10ppm下也有较好的保护效果,没有或有轻微的萼片损伤:16。
实验I
实验I的通过土壤内吸评价对烟夜蛾(Heliothis virescens)防制的另一方案。棉苗种植在温室条件下15cm钵内樟土中。当植株到达蕾期(植株上的花蕾形成),用实验化合物处理土壤表面。
实验化合物用0.25mL的丙酮进行加工,然后用水进行稀释。10mL的含有3mg化合物的处理溶液加入到每个钵的土壤表面。第二天浇水,后面的每天根据需要进行浇水。在处理后的1、2和4天,割下叶片进行评估。每个植株选择两组叶片:顶部约第二节处面积大于25cm2上部叶片和底部约第三节处面积大于25cm2的下部叶片。割下的叶片切成3cm×2cm的片段,放入由防碰撞苯乙烯制成的含有16各连续的井孔的实验盘内,每个孔6cm宽、4cm长,3cm深,有一个透明的模制塑料盖子,每个盖都能通过摩擦套到每个孔上。固化了的琼脂放入每个孔的底部保持植物材料的湿度。带有植物材料的每个井孔内放入一头二龄烟夜蛾;封上孔,25℃下培养,每天提供16小时的光照。对于1、2和4天割下的叶片,用一头二龄烟夜蛾幼虫处理后4天观察死亡率。
供试的化合物中,在实验处理后4天切下来的上部叶片上,下面的化合物得到了较高的死亡率(大于70%的死亡率):2、27和33。
实验J
通过土壤内吸评价对草地粘虫(Spodoptera frugiperda)的防制,玉米植株(Pioneer#3394)种植在小钵内5天直到至少4cm高,第一片叶展开。
实验化合物用0.25mL的丙酮溶解,用水稀释得到1、10、50和200ppm的溶液。用移液管向每个钵的土表滴加1mL的实验溶液。每种化合物/处理使用8株植株。盖上钵,25℃下培养,每天16小时光照。第二天浇水,以后的每天根据需要浇水。6天后,第一片叶以上的植物材料切成3cm长。每个实验单元是一防碰撞的苯乙烯盘(供应者:Clearpack Company,11610 Copenhagen Court,Franklin Park,IL60131),包括16个连续的6cm宽、4cm长3cm深的井孔,有一个透明的模制塑料盖子,每个盖都能通过摩擦套到每个孔上。固化的琼脂(2-4mL)放入每个孔的底部在实验中保持湿度。每个3-cm长的玉米植物材料放置在盘上,使得该植物物质包含在两个孔内。向每个孔内放入一头二龄草地粘虫(Spodoptera frugiperda)幼虫,盖上盘子,然后该实验单元在25℃下培养,每天16小时光照。4天后观察死亡率。
根据概率分析(对数线性回归)使用SAS研究所(Cary,NC,U.S.A)的SAS统计计算机分析产品的一般线性模型(GLIM)来计算LC90浓度(杀死90%幼虫的实验化合物浓度)。供试的化合物中,下面的化合物得到了良好的死亡率,LC90值为10ppm或更少:1、2、4、9、11、12、14、16、20、22、24、31、32、33、34。
实验K
为了评价对马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)的防制,5mg的实验化合物的样品溶解在1mL的丙酮中。该溶液用500ppm的Ortho X-77TM表面活性剂水溶液稀释成100mL的总体积。通过连续的稀释获得到50mL浓度为10ppm的溶液。
实验化合物的稀释溶液喷洒生长3周的马铃薯植株或番茄植株至有液滴滴落。植株放在旋转转盘喷雾器(10rpm)上,实验溶液用平扇形气压喷嘴(Spraying Systems 122440)10psi(69kPa)下施用。处理植株风干后,从处理植株上割下叶片。叶片被切片,然后每片单个的放入塑料盘上16个长3.5cm宽5.5cm的井孔内。每个小孔内含有2.5cm2的湿润的层析纸防止干燥。每个小孔中放入一头二龄幼虫。侵染后三天记录马铃薯甲虫的死亡总数。
供试的化合物中,下面的化合物在10ppm下得到了至少90%的死亡率:2、4、27、33、34、41、61、85。
实验L
为了评价对棉象甲(Anthonomus g.grandis)的防制,实验化合物的样品溶解在1mL的丙酮中。该溶液用500ppm的Ortho X-77TM表面活性剂水溶液稀释成100mL的总体积。通过连续的稀释获得到50mL浓度为50ppm的溶液。
实验化合物的稀释溶液喷洒生长3周的棉苗植株至有液滴滴落。植株放在旋转转盘喷雾器(10rpm)上,实验溶液用平扇形气压喷嘴(Spraying Systems 122440)10psi(69kPa)下施用。经过喷洒并风干的植株放入塑料圆筒中。含有整个棉苗植株的每个圆筒中放入20头象甲。侵染后3天观察侵食危害率。
供试的化合物中,下面的化合物在50ppm下得到了良好的植物保护效果(10%或更少的侵食危害率):20、27。
实验M
为了评价对蓟马(Frankliniella sp.)的防制,实验化合物的样品溶解在1mL的丙酮中。该溶液用500ppm的Ortho X-77TM表面活性剂水溶液稀释成100mL的总体积。连续的稀释获得到50mL浓度为10ppm的溶液。
实验化合物的稀释溶液喷洒生长3周的被蓟马侵害的棉苗植株或大豆植株至有液滴滴落。植株放在旋转转盘喷雾器(10rpm)上。实验溶液用平扇形气压喷嘴(Spraying Systems 122440)10psi(69kPa)下施用。经过喷洒并风干的植株放入塑料圆筒。施用后4天记录死亡蓟马的总数。
供试的化合物中,下面的化合物在10ppm下得到了至少90%的死亡率:32。
Claims (17)
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中R4a是C1-C4烷基和R4b是H;或R4a是CH3和R4b是CH3。
3.权利要求2的化合物,其中R5是Cl。
4.权利要求3的化合物,其中R4a是CH3、CH2CH3、CH(CH3)2或C(CH3)3。
5.权利要求4的化合物,其中R2是Cl或Br。
6.权利要求5的化合物,其中R1是CH3。
7.权利要求5的化合物,其中R1是Cl。
8.权利要求1的化合物,选自:
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是CF3、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Br、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Br、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Cl、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Br、R3是Cl、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是CF3、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Br、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Br、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Cl、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是Cl、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是OCH2CF3、R4a是CH(CH3)2、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是OCH2CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;
式1的化合物,其中R1是Cl、R2是Cl、R3是Br、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl;和
式1的化合物,其中R1是CH3、R2是Cl、R3是OCH2CF3、R4a是CH3、R4b是H、和R5是Cl。
9.一种防制无脊椎害虫的组合物,包含生物有效量的权利要求1化合物和至少一种另外的选自表面活性剂、固体稀释剂和液体稀释剂的成分。
10.一种组合物,含有生物有效量的权利要求1化合物和有效量的至少一种另外的生物活性化合物或制剂。
11.权利要求10的组合物,其中至少一种另外的生物活性化合物或制剂选自下述杀节肢动物剂:拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类、类烟碱类、神经钠通道阻断剂、杀虫的大环内酯、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)拮抗剂、杀虫脲类和保幼激素模拟物。
12.权利要求10的组合物,其中至少一种另外的生物活性化合物或制剂选自杀虫剂、杀线虫剂、杀螨剂或生物制剂,包括爱福丁、乙酰甲胺磷、啶虫脒、amidoflumet、阿维菌素、艾扎丁、谷硫磷、氟氯菊酯、联苯肼酯、噻嗪酮、呋喃丹、虫螨腈、氟啶脲、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、环虫酰肼、噻虫胺、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、灭蝇胺、溴氰菊酯、丁醚脲、二嗪磷、除虫脲、乐果、苯虫醚、甲胺基阿维菌素,硫丹、高效氰戊菊酯、ethiprole、苯硫威、苯氧威、甲氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、氟虫腈、flonicamid、氟氰戊菊酯、氟胺氰菊酯、flufenerim、氟虫脲、地虫磷、特丁苯酰肼、氟铃脲、吡虫啉、噁二唑虫、丙胺磷、虱螨脲、马拉硫磷、蜗牛敌、甲胺磷、杀扑磷、灭多虫、蒙五一五、甲氧滴滴涕、久效磷、甲氧苯酰肼、硝虫噻嗪、双苯氟脲、noviflumuron、甲氨叉威、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷、氯菊酯、甲拌磷、伏杀硫磷、亚胺硫磷、磷胺、抗蚜威、丙溴磷、拒嗪酮、pyridalyl、蚊蝇醚、鱼藤酮、艾克敌105、spiromesifin、乙丙硫磷、双苯酰肼、伏虫隆、七氟菊酯、特丁磷、杀虫畏、吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、硫双灭多威、杀虫双、四溴菊酯、敌百虫、杀虫隆、涕灭威、甲氨叉威、克线磷、杀螨脒、杀螨猛、乙酯杀螨醇、三环锡、开乐散、除螨灵、特苯噁唑、喹螨醚、杀螨锡、唑螨酯、噻螨酮、克螨特、哒螨酮和吡螨胺;和生物制剂如苏云金杆菌包括aizawai变种和kurstaki变种、苏云金杆菌δ毒素、杆状病毒和昆虫致病细菌、病毒和真菌。
13.权利要求10的组合物,其中至少一种另外的生物活性化合物或制剂选自杀虫剂、杀线虫剂、杀螨剂或生物制剂,包括氯氰菊酯、氯氟氰菊酯、氟氯氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、高效氰戊菊酯、氰戊菊酯、四溴菊酯、苯硫威、灭多虫、甲氨叉威、硫双灭多威、噻虫胺、吡虫啉、噻虫啉、噁二唑虫、艾克敌105、爱福丁、阿维菌素、甲胺基阿维菌素、硫丹、ethiprole、氟虫腈、氟虫脲、杀虫隆、苯虫醚、蚊蝇醚、拒嗪酮、杀螨脒、苏云金杆菌、苏云金杆菌δ毒素、杆状病毒和昆虫致病细菌、病毒和真菌。
14.一种防制无脊椎害虫的方法,包括将生物有效量的权利要求1化合物接触无脊椎害虫或其环境。
15.一种防制无脊椎害虫的方法,包括将生物有效量的权利要求10的组合物接触无脊椎害虫或其环境。
17.式4的化合物,
其中
R3是CF3、Cl、Br或OCH2CF3;和
R5是Cl或Br。
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