CN1659148A - 芳基肟化合物 - Google Patents
芳基肟化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1659148A CN1659148A CN038134500A CN03813450A CN1659148A CN 1659148 A CN1659148 A CN 1659148A CN 038134500 A CN038134500 A CN 038134500A CN 03813450 A CN03813450 A CN 03813450A CN 1659148 A CN1659148 A CN 1659148A
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- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960004989 tetracycline hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetratriacontyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO OULAJFUGPPVRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tfa trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004559 theobromine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002537 thrombolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940098465 tincture Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940042585 tocopherol acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001727 tretinoin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000876 trifluoromethoxy group Chemical group FC(F)(F)O* 0.000 description 1
- YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripropylamine Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)CCC YFTHZRPMJXBUME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 210000004881 tumor cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940093257 valacyclovir Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及式(I)的芳基肟衍生物,其中R1、R2、R3、X和B如权利要求1中所定义,所述衍生物可作为磷酸二酯酶IV抑制剂,并且可用于治疗骨质疏松症、肿瘤、恶病质、动脉粥样硬化、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症、糖尿病、炎症过程、过敏、哮喘、自身免疫疾病、心肌疾病和AIDS。
Description
本发明涉及式I化合物及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,
其中
R1和R2彼此独立地为H、OH、OR8、-SR8、-SOR8、-SO2R8或Hal,
R1和R2也可以合在一起为-OCH2O-或-OCH2CH2O-,
R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、COOA″R7、CONH2、CONHA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)、CONR10Het、NH2、NHA″R7、N(A″R7)(AR7)、NCOA″R7或NCOOA″R7,
B为芳香碳环或杂环基,其可以是未取代的或被R4、R5和/或R6单取代、二取代或三取代,
X为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基或2-8个碳原子的亚烯基,其中一、二或三个CH2基团可以被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NA″R7替换,
1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,
R4、R5、R6彼此独立地为H、A″R7、OH、OA″R7、NO2、NH2、NHA″R7、N(A″R7)(AR7)、NHCOA″R7、NHCOOA″R7、NHCONH2、NHCONHA″R7、NHCON(A″R7)(AR7)、Hal、COOH、COOA″R7、CONH2、CONHA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7),
R7为H、COOH、COOA、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA′、NH2、NHA、NAA′、NCOA、NCOOA、OH或OA,
R8为A、含有3-7个碳原子的环烷基、含有4-8个碳原子的亚烷基环烷基或含有2-8个碳原子的链烯基,
R9为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基、含有3-7个碳原子的环烷基、含有4-8个碳原子的亚烷基环烷基或含有2-8个碳原子的链烯基,
其中一、二或三个CH2基团可以被O、S、SO、SO2、NH、NMe、NEt和/或-CH=CH-替换,
1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,
和/或1个H原子可被R7替换,
Y为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基或含有2-8个碳原子的亚烯基,其中一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NR9替换和/或1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,
A和A′彼此独立地为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基或含有2-8个碳原子链烯基,
其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NR9替换和/或1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,或
芳基或Het,
A和A′也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH、NR9、NCOR9或NCOOR9替换,
A″和A彼此独立地不存在或为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基、含有2-8个碳原子的亚烯基或含有3-7个碳原子的亚环烷基,
其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NR9替换和/或1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,
A″和A也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH、NR9、NCOR9或NCOOR9替换,
芳基为苯基、萘基、芴基或联苯基,它们均是未取代的或被Hal、R11、OR10、N(R10)2、NO2、CN、COOR10、CON(R10)2、NR10COR10、NR10CON(R10)2、NR10SO2A、COR10、SO2N(R10)2或S(O)mR11单取代、二取代或三取代,
R10为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
R11为含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
Het为含1-2个N、O和/或S原子的单环或二环饱和、不饱和或芳香杂环,其是未取代的或被羰基氧、Hal、R11、OR10、N(R10)2、NO2、CN、COOR10、CON(R10)2、NR10COR10、NR10CON(R10)2、NR10SO2R11、COR10、SO2NR10和/或S(O)mR11单取代或二取代,
Hal为F、Cl、Br或I,
m为0、1或2。
在例如J.Med.Chem.38,4878(1995)中描述了作为黄体酮受体配体的1-苯甲酰基四氢哒嗪化合物。在例如EP 0 922 036、EP 1124 809或WO01/04099中描述了其他芳烷酰基哒嗪化合物。
本发明基于以下目的:发现具有有价值的性质的新化合物,特别是可用于药物生产的新化合物。
已经发现式I化合物及其盐和溶剂化物具有非常有价值的药理学性质,并且具有较好的耐受性。
式I化合物表现出与细胞内cAMP增加有关的选择性磷酸二酯酶IV抑制作用(N.Sommer等人,Nature Medicine,1,244-248(1995))。例如可类似于C.W.Davis在Biochim.Biophys.Acta 797,354-362(1984)中所述的方法测定PDE IV的抑制作用。本发明化合物与磷酸二酯酶IV的亲和力可通过测定其IC50值(达到50%抑制酶活性时所需的抑制剂浓度)而测定。
本发明化合物可用于治疗哮喘疾病。例如PDE IV抑制剂的抗哮喘作用由T.J.Torphy等人在Thorax,46,512-523(1991)中描述,并且例如可通过T.Olsson,Acta allergologica 26,438-447(1971)中的方法测定。
由于cAMP可抑制溶骨细胞并刺激成骨细胞(S.Kasugai等人,M 681和K.Miyamoto,M 682,美国骨与矿物研究协会(American Society forBone and Mineral Research)第18次年会的摘要,1996),因此本发明化合物可用于治疗骨质疏松症。
另外,该化合物还表现出对TNF(肿瘤坏死因子)产生的拮抗作用并因此适合于治疗过敏和炎症疾病、自身免疫疾病如例如类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症、节段性回肠炎、糖尿病或溃疡性结肠炎、移植排斥反应、恶病质和败血症。
本发明物质的抗炎作用以及其治疗例如自身免疫疾病如多发性硬化症或类风湿性关节炎的效力可按照与N.Sommer等人,Nature Medicine 1,244-248(1995)或L.Sekut等人,Clin.Exp.Immunol.100,126-132(1995)中相似的方法来确定。
该化合物可用于治疗恶病质。其抗恶病质的作用可通过恶病质TNF-依赖模型进行测试(P.Costelli等人,J.Clin.Invest.95,236ff.(1995);J.M.Argiles等人,Med.Res.Rev.17,477ff.(1997))。
PDE IV抑制剂也可抑制肿瘤细胞的生长并因此适合用于治疗肿瘤(D.Marko等人,Cell Biochem.Biophys.28,75ff.(1998))。例如PDE IV抑制剂治疗肿瘤的作用描述于WO 95 35 281,WO 95 17 399或WO 96 00 215中。
PDE IV抑制剂可降低败血症模型的死亡率并因此适合用于治疗败血症(W.Fisher等人,Biochem.Pharmacol.45,2399ff.(1993))。
它们还可用于治疗记忆性疾病、动脉粥样硬化、特应性皮炎和AIDS。
例如PDE IV抑制剂在治疗哮喘、炎症疾病、糖尿病、特应性皮炎、银屑病、AIDS、恶病质、肿瘤生长或肿瘤转移中的作用描述于EP 77 92 91中。
式I化合物可在人药和兽药中用作药物活性组分。它们还可用作制备其它药物活性组分的中间体。
此外,本发明还涉及式I的4型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(PDE IV抑制剂)在治疗疾病中的用途,并且涉及式I化合物与其它药物的联合。
参考WO 01/57025,其公开了作为PDE IV抑制剂的特定嘧啶衍生物、其在治疗疾病中的用途以及其与其它药物的联合。
因此,本发明具体涉及式I化合物及其可药用盐和溶剂化物在制备用于治疗患有由PDE IV同工酶通过调节人嗜酸性粒细胞活化和脱粒而介导的疾病或病情的患者的药物中的用途。
WO 01/57025公开了各种体外分析法和动物模型试验,其能提供足以确定和证明式I化合物的治疗效用的数据。
式I化合物可抑制PDE IV同工酶,并且由于PDE IV同工酶家族在所有哺乳动物的生理学中起重要作用,因此式I化合物具有广泛的治疗应用。PDE IV同工酶所起的酶作用是使促炎白细胞中的3′,5′-单磷酸腺苷(cAMP)胞内水解。而cAMP又可以调节体内多种激素效应,并且因此,PDE IV的抑制在多种生理学过程中起重要作用。在本领域中有大量文献描述了PDE抑制剂对多种炎症细胞响应的效应,所述的效应除了cAMP增加外,还包括对过氧化物产生、脱粒、趋化现象和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)在嗜酸性红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞及单核细胞中释放的抑制。
因此本发明涉及式I化合物和制备式I化合物及其盐和溶剂化物的方法,其特征在于
a)将式II化合物
其中
X、R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,
与式III化合物反应
其中
R3和B如权利要求1中所定义,前提条件是任何其他存在的OH和/或氨基都是被保护的,然后,如果需要的话,除去保护基,
或者
b)将式IV化合物
其中
R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,
与式V化合物反应
其中
L为Cl、Br、I或游离的或活性功能性修饰的OH基并且R3、X和B如权利要求1中所定义,前提条件是任何其他存在的OH和/或氨基都是被保护的,然后,如果需要的话,除去保护基,
或者
c)将式VI化合物
其中
X、R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,并且
L为Cl、Br、I或游离的或活性功能性修饰的OH基,
与式VII化合物反应
其中
R3和B如权利要求1中所定义,前提条件是任何其他存在的OH和/或氨基都是被保护的,然后,如果需要的话,除去保护基,或者
d)式I化合物中的一个或多个R1、R2、R3和/或B基团可通过
i)、酯或醚的裂解,
ii)、OH官能团的烷基化或酰基化,
iii)、氨基的还原性烷基化,
iv)、将氨基与丙二腈反应,
v)、将氰基转化为四唑基,
转化为一个或多个其他R1、R2、R3和/或B基团,
和/或通过用酸处理将式I的碱性化合物转化为其盐之一。
另外,本发明还涉及这些化合物的光学活性形式(立体异构体)、E/Z异构体、对映体、外消旋体、非对映异构体和水合物及溶剂化物。该化合物的溶剂化物是指由于惰性溶剂分子与化合物之间的相互吸引力而使惰性溶剂分子加合到化合物上。溶剂化物例如是一水合物、二水合物或醇化物。
术语可药用衍生物用于指,例如本发明的化合物的盐,也可以指所谓的前药化合物。术语前药衍生物用于指,例如烷基或酰基基团、糖或寡肽修饰的式I化合物,这些化合物在生物体中可被快速裂解而释放出本发明的活性化合物。可药用衍生物也包括本发明化合物的可生物降解的聚合物衍生物,如例如Int.J.Pharm.
115,61-67(1995)中所描述的衍生物。
下文使用下列缩写:
Ac 乙酰基
BOC 叔丁氧基羰基
CBZ或Z 苄氧基羰基
DCCl 二环己基碳二亚胺
DCM 二氯甲烷
DMF 甲基甲酰胺
EA 乙酸乙酯
EDCl N-乙基-N,N’-(二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺
Et 乙基
Fmoc 9-芴基甲氧基羰基
HOBt 1-羟基苯并三唑
Me 甲基
MBHA 4-甲基二苯甲胺
Mtr 4-甲氧基-2,3,6-三甲基苯基磺酰基
HONSu N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺
OBut 叔丁基酯
Oct 辛酰基
OMe 甲酯
OEt 乙酯
POA 苯氧基乙酰基
TFA 三氟乙酸
Trt 三苯甲基(三苯基甲基)。
对于所有不止一次出现的基团,其含义是彼此独立的。
除非另外说明,本文中的基团R1、R2、R3、X、B和L如式I、II、III、IV、V、VI和VII中所定义。
含有1-10个碳原子的烷基为含有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个碳原子,优选含1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的支链或直链烷基,例如为甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基或丙基,还优选为异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,但也可以是正戊基、新戊基、异戊基或正己基。特别优选为甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、正戊基、正己基或正癸基。
环烷基优选含3-7个碳原子,优选为环丙基或环丁基,此外还优选为环戊基或环己基,此外也可以是环庚基;特别优选为环戊基。
链烯基优选为乙烯基、烯丙基、2-丁烯基或3-丁烯基、异丁烯基或仲丁烯基;此外还优选为4-戊烯基、异戊烯基或5-己烯基。
亚烷基优选为直链的,并且优选为亚甲基或亚乙基,此外还优选为亚丙基或亚丁基。
亚烷基环烷基为例如环己基甲基或环戊基乙基。
含有1-6个碳原子的烷基为含1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的支链或直链烷基,例如为甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基或丙基,还优选为异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,但也可以是正戊基、新戊基、异戊基或正己基。特别优选为甲基、乙基、三氟甲基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、正戊基或正己基。
Hal优选为F、Cl或Br,也可以是I。
基团R1和R2可相同或不同,并且优选在苯环的3-位或4-位。例如,它们彼此独立地为H、羟基、-S-CH3、-SO-CH3、-SO2-CH3、F、Cl、Br或I或者一起为亚甲二氧基。然而,它们优选分别为甲基、乙基、丙基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、苄氧基,但也可以是氟甲氧基、二氟甲氧基或三氟甲氧基或者1-氟-乙氧基、2-氟-乙氧基、1,2-二氟-乙氧基、2,2-二氟-乙氧基、1,2,2-三氟-乙氧基或2,2,2-三氟-乙氧基。
在另一个实施方案中,R1和R2彼此独立地为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基。
烷氧基为例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基或己氧基。
在另一具体实施方案中,R1和R2彼此独立地为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基。
烷氧基为例如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基或己氧基。
R1特别优选为乙氧基、苄氧基、F、丙氧基或异丙氧基,也可以是二氟甲氧基或环烷氧基例如环戊氧基。
R1特别优选为4-甲氧基。
R2特别优选为甲氧基、乙氧基、3-丙氧基、F或乙基,也可以是二氟甲氧基或环烷氧基例如环戊氧基。
R2特别优选为3-乙氧基或3-丙氧基。
R3优选为H、A″R7、COA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)或CONR10-Het。
R3特别优选为例如H、COOH、CO-CH2-NAA′、CO-CH2-CH2-NAA′、CO-CH2-NHA′、CO-CH2-CH2-NHA′、1-甲基哌嗪-4-基羰基、1-甲基哌啶-4-基-N-甲基氨基羰基。
X优选为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,特别优选亚甲基。
B优选为苯基、吡啶基、吡啶基N-氧化物、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、异噁唑啉基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、吡唑啉基、咪唑啉基、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基或喹喔啉基,它们分别是未取代的或者可以被R4、R5和/或R6单取代、二取代或三取代。
在另一优选的实施方案中,B为苯基、吡啶基、吡啶基N-氧化物、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、异噁唑啉基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、吡唑啉基、咪唑啉基、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基或喹喔啉基,它们分别是未取代的或者可以被OH、OA、NO2、NH2、NAA′
单取代、二取代或三取代。
在另一优选的实施方案中,B为未取代的或被OR10、NO2或
单取代的苯基或未取代的吡啶基或吡啶基N-氧化物。
R4优选为H、OR10、NO2或
还优选NH2或NHCOOA″R7。
R5和R6优选为H。
R7优选为H、COOH、NHA或NAA′。
R8优选为R11、含有3-7个碳原子的环烷基或含有4-8个碳原子的亚烷基环烷基。
R9优选为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基,特别优选含有1-6个碳原子的烷基。
Y优选为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基。
A和A′优选彼此独立地为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被F和/或Cl替换,或者彼此独立地为芳基或Het。
A″和A优选彼此独立地不存在或为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换。
A″和A也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换。
芳基为例如未取代的苯基、萘基、芴基或联苯基,还优选为被甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、氟、氯、羟基、甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、丁氧基、戊氧基、己氧基、硝基、氰基、甲酰基、乙酰基、丙酰基、三氟甲基、氨基、甲基氨基、乙基氨基、二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、磺酰氨基、甲基磺酰氨基、乙基磺酰氨基、丙基磺酰氨基、丁基磺酰氨基、二甲基磺酰氨基、羧基、甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基或氨基羰基单取代、二取代或三取代的苯基、萘基、芴基或联苯基。
Het为例如2-呋喃基或3-呋喃基、2-噻吩基或3-噻吩基、1-吡咯基、2-吡咯基或3-吡咯基、1-咪唑基、2-咪唑基、4-咪唑基或5-咪唑基、1-吡唑基、3-吡唑基、4-吡唑基或5-吡唑基、2-噁唑基、4-噁唑基或5-噁唑基、3-异噁唑基、4-异噁唑基或5-异噁唑基、2-噻唑基、4-噻唑基或5-噻唑基、3-异噻唑基、4-异噻唑基或5-异噻唑基、2-吡啶基、3-吡啶基或4-吡啶基、2-嘧啶基、4-嘧啶基、5-嘧啶基或6-嘧啶基,此外还优选1,2,3-三唑-1-基、1,2,3-三唑-4-基或1,2,3-三唑-5-基、1,2,4-三唑-1-基、1,2,4-三唑-3-基或1,2,4-三唑-5-基、1-四唑基或5-四唑基、1,2,3-噁二唑-4-基或1,2,3-噁二唑-5-基、1,2,4-噁二唑-3-基或1,2,4-噁二唑-5-基、1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基或1,3,4-噻二唑-5-基、1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基或1,2,4-噻二唑-5-基、1,2,3-噻二唑-4-基或1,2,3-噻二唑-5-基、3-哒嗪基或4-哒嗪基、吡嗪基、1-吲哚基、2-吲哚基、3-吲哚基、4-吲哚基、5-吲哚基、6-吲哚基或7-吲哚基、4-异吲哚基或5-异吲哚基、1-苯并咪唑基、2-苯并咪唑基、4-苯并咪唑基或5-苯并咪唑基、1-苯并吡唑基、3-苯并吡唑基、4-苯并吡唑基、5-苯并吡唑基、6-苯并吡唑基或7-苯并吡唑基、2-苯并噁唑基、4-苯并噁唑基、5-苯并噁唑基、6-苯并噁唑基或7-苯并噁唑基、3-苯并异噁唑基、4-苯并异噁唑基、5-苯并异噁唑基、6-苯并异噁唑基或7-苯并异噁唑基、2-苯并噻唑基、4-苯并噻唑基、5-苯并噻唑基、6-苯并噻唑基或7-苯并噻唑基、2-苯并异噻唑基、4-苯并异噻唑基、5-苯并异噻唑基、6-苯并异噻唑基或7-苯并异噻唑基、4-苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑基、5-苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑基、6-苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑基或7-苯并-2,1,3-噁二唑基、2-喹啉基、3-喹啉基、4-喹啉基、5-喹啉基、6-喹啉基、7-喹啉基或8-喹啉基、1-异喹啉基、3-异喹啉基、4-异喹啉基、5-异喹啉基、6-异喹啉基、7-异喹啉基或8-异喹啉基、3-噌啉基、4-噌啉基、5-噌啉基、6-噌啉基、7-噌啉基或8-噌啉基、2-喹唑啉基、4-喹唑啉基、5-喹唑啉基、6-喹唑啉基、7-喹唑啉基或8-喹唑啉基、5-喹喔啉基或6-喹喔啉基、2-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、3-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、5-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、6-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、7-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基或8-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基,此外还优选1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烷-5-基、1,4-苯并-二噁烷-6-基、2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4-基或2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-5-基或2,1,3-苯并噁二唑-5-基。
杂环基也可以被部分或全部氢化。
因此Het也可以是例如2,3-二氢-2-呋喃基、2,3-二氢-3-呋喃基、2,3-二氢-4-呋喃基或2,3-二氢-5-呋喃基、2,5-二氢-2-呋喃基、2,5-二氢-3-呋喃基、2,5-二氢-4-呋喃基或2,5-二氢-5-呋喃基、四氢-2-呋喃基或四氢-3-呋喃基、1,3-二氧戊环-4-基、四氢-2-噻吩基或四氢-3-噻吩基、2,3-二氢-1-吡咯基、2,3-二氢-2-吡咯基、2,3-二氢-3-吡咯基、2,3-二氢-4-吡咯基或2,3-二氢-5-吡咯基、2,5-二氢-1-吡咯基、2,5-二氢-2-吡咯基、2,5-二氢-3-吡咯基、2,5-二氢-4-吡咯基或2,5-二氢-5-吡咯基、1-吡咯烷基、2-吡咯烷基或3-吡咯烷基、四氢-1-咪唑基、四氢-2-咪唑基或四氢-4-咪唑基、2,3-二氢-1-吡唑基、2,3-二氢-2-吡唑基、2,3-二氢-3-吡唑基、2,3-二氢-4-吡唑基或2,3-二氢-5-吡唑基、四氢-1-吡唑基、四氢-3-吡唑基或四氢-4-吡唑基、1,4-二氢-1-吡啶基、1,4-二氢-2-吡啶基、1,4-二氢-3-吡啶基或1,4-二氢-4-吡啶基、1,2,3,4-四氢-1-吡啶基、1,2,3,4-四氢-2-吡啶基、1,2,3,4-四氢-3-吡啶基、1,2,3,4-四氢-4-吡啶基、1,2,3,4-四氢-5-吡啶基或1,2,3,4-四氢-6-吡啶基、1-哌啶基、2-哌啶基、3-哌啶基或4-哌啶基、2-吗啉基、3-吗啉基或4-吗啉基、四氢-2-吡喃基、四氢-3-吡喃基或四氢-4-吡喃基、1,4-二噁烷基、1,3-二噁烷-2-基、1,3-二噁烷-4-基或1,3-二噁烷-5-基、六氢-1-哒嗪基、六氢-3-哒嗪基或六氢-4-哒嗪基、六氢-1-嘧啶基、六氢-2-嘧啶基、六氢-4-嘧啶基或六氢-5-嘧啶基、1-哌嗪基、2-哌嗪基或3-哌嗪基、1,2,3,4-四氢-1-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-2-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-3-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-4-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-5-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-6-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-7-喹啉基或1,2,3,4-四氢-8-喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-1-异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-2-异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-3-异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-4-异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-5-异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-6-异喹啉基、1,2,3,4-四氢-7-异喹啉基或1,2,3,4-四氢-8-异喹啉基、2-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、3-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、5-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、6-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基、7-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基或8-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4-噁嗪基,此外优选2,3-亚甲二氧基苯基、3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基、2,3-亚乙二氧基苯基、3,4-亚乙二氧基苯基、3,4-(二氟亚甲二氧基)苯基、2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-5-基或2,3-二氢苯并呋喃-6-基、2,3-(2-氧代-亚甲二氧基)苯基或者为3,4-二氢-2H-1,5-苯并二氧杂-6-基或3,4-二氢-2H-1,5-苯并二氧杂-7-基,此外还优选2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基或2,3-二氢-2-氧代呋喃基。
在另一优选的实施方案中,Het特别优选为未取代的吡啶基、吡啶基N-氧化物、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、异噁唑啉基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、吡唑啉基、咪唑啉基、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基或喹喔啉基,特别优选吡啶基。
在另一优选的实施方案中,Het为含有1-2个N和/或O原子的单环饱和或不饱和杂环,其可以被羰基氧、OH或OA单取代或二取代。其中Het特别优选例如2-氧代-哌啶-1-基、2-氧代-吡咯烷-1-基、2-氧代-1H-吡啶-1-基、3-氧代吗啉-4-基、4-氧代-1H-吡啶-1-基、2,6-二氧代哌啶-1-基、2-氧代-哌嗪-1-基、2,6-二氧代-哌嗪-1-基、2,5-二氧-吡咯烷-1-基、2-氧代-1,3-噁唑啉-3-基、3-氧代-2H-哒嗪-2-基、2-己内酰胺-1-己(=2-氧代氮杂环庚烷-1-基)、2-羟基-6-氧代哌嗪-1-基、2-甲氧基-6-氧代哌嗪-1-基、2-氮杂二环[2.2.2]-辛-3-酮-2-基,特别优选2-氧代哌嗪-1-基。
在另一优选的实施方案中,Het特别优选为含有1-2个N原子的单环饱和杂环,其可以被含有1-6个碳原子的烷基单取代或二取代。
因此,本发明具体涉及其中至少一个所提及的基团具有上述指出的优选含义之一的式I化合物。化合物的一些优选的小组可用下述子结构式Ia至Ik表示,其与式I一致,并且其中没有详细指定的基团如式I下所定义,但是其中
Ia中R1和R2彼此独立地为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基;
Ib中R1和R2彼此独立地为H、甲氧基、乙氧基、苄氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基、F、Cl、环戊氧基、环己氧基或环庚氧基;
Ic中R1和R2彼此独立地为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、环戊氧基或F;
Id中R1为4-甲氧基;
R2为3-乙氧基或3-丙氧基;
Ie中R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)或CO-NR10-Het;
If中X为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基;
Ig中B为苯基、吡啶基、吡啶基N-氧化物、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、异噁唑啉基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、吡唑啉基、咪唑啉基、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基或喹喔啉基,它们分别是未取代的或者可以被R4、R5和/或R6单取代、二取代或三取代;
Ih中B为苯基、吡啶基、吡啶基N-氧化物、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、异噁唑啉基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、吡唑啉基、咪唑啉基、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基或喹喔啉基,它们分别是未取代的或者可以被OH、OA、NO2、NH2、NAA′、
单取代、二取代或三取代;
Ii中B为未取代的或被OR10、NO2或
单取代的苯基或未取代的吡啶基或吡啶基N-氧化物;
Ij中R1、R2彼此独立地为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基;
X为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基;
R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)或CO-NR10-Het,
A″和A彼此独立地不存在或为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
A″和A也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
B为未取代的或被OR10、NO2、
NH2或NHCOOA″R7单取代的苯基,或未取代的吡啶基或吡啶基N-氧化物,
R7为H、COOH、NHA或NAA′,
R9为含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
R10为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
A和A′彼此独立地为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基,其中1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换;
Het为含有1-2个N原子的单环饱和杂环基,其可以被含有1-6个碳原子的烷基单取代或二取代;
Ik中R1、R2彼此独立地为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基;
X为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基;
R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)或CO-NR10-Het,
A″和A彼此独立地不存在或为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
A″和A也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
B为未取代的或被OR10、NO2、
NH2或NHCOOA″R7单取代的苯基,或未取代的吡啶基或吡啶基N-氧化物,
R7为H、COOH、NHA或NAA′,
R9为含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
R10为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
A和A′彼此独立地为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基,其中1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换;
Het为含有1-2个N原子的单环饱和杂环基,其可以被含有1-6个碳原子的烷基单取代或二取代;
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
此外式I化合物及制备它们的起始原料可通过本身已知的方法制备,例如文献中描述的方法(如标准著作如Houben-Weyl,Methoden derorganischen Chemie(有机化学方法),Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart),即在已知和适合于所提及反应的反应条件下制备。也可使用本身已知的、但此处没有详细提及的改变方法。
在式II、III、IV、V、VI和VII的化合物中,R1、R2、R3、X和B具有所提及的含义,特别是所提及的优选含义。
式II中的某些起始原料是已知的。如果它们是未知的,它们可通过本身已知的方法制备。
式III中的某些起始原料是已知的。如果它们是未知的,它们可通过本身已知的方法制备。
需要时,起始原料也可以通过不将其从反应混合物中分离出来,而是立即将它们进一步转化为式I化合物而就地形成。另一方面,可以分步进行反应。
优选地,式I化合物可通过将式II化合物与式III化合物反应获得。
优选地,例如,式I化合物可根据下述反应方案制备:
具体地,式II化合物与式III化合物的反应可在有或无惰性溶剂、温度为约-20至约150℃、优选20至100℃之间的条件下进行。
适宜的惰性溶剂的实例为烃类如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯代烃,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇或叔丁醇;醚,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二噁烷;乙二醇醚,如乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈,如乙腈;亚砜,如二甲基亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯,如乙酸乙酯,或上述溶剂的混合物。
此外式I化合物可通过将式IV化合物与式V化合物反应获得。
式IV中的某些起始原料是已知的。如果它们是未知的,它们可通过本身已知的方法制备。
式V中的某些起始原料是已知的。如果它们是未知的,它们可通过本身已知的方法制备。
在式V化合物中,L优选为Cl、Br、I或游离的或活性功能性修饰的OH基如活性酯、咪唑酰胺(imidazolide)或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基磺酰氧基(优选甲基磺酰氧基或三氟甲基磺酰氧基)或含有6-10个碳原子的芳基磺酰氧基(优选苯基-或对甲苯基磺酰氧基)。
用于在典型的酰化反应中活化羧基的该种基团描述于文献(如标准著作如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischen Chemie(有机化学方法),Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart)中。例如,活性酯优选通过加入HOBt或N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺就地制备。
该反应在式II化合物与式III化合物反应所描述的温度下和溶剂中进行。
此外,式I化合物还可通过将式VI化合物与式VII化合物反应获得。
式VI中的某些起始原料是已知的。如果它们是未知的,它们可通过本身已知的方法制备。
式VII中的某些起始原料是已知的。如果它们是未知的,它们可通过本身已知的方法制备。
在式VI化合物中,L优选为Cl、Br、I或游离的或活性功能性修饰的OH基如活性酯、咪唑酰胺或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基磺酰氧基(优选甲基磺酰氧基或三氟甲基磺酰氧基)或含有6-10个碳原子的芳基磺酰氧基(优选苯基-或对甲苯基磺酰氧基)。
该反应在式II化合物与式III化合物反应所描述的温度下和溶剂中进行。
此外,式I化合物还可通过用溶剂分解剂或氢化裂解剂处理,由其功能衍生物之一释放出式I化合物获得。
优选的用于溶剂分解或氢解的起始材料是那些与式I化合物一致,但含有相应的被保护的氨基和/或羟基来代替一个或多个游离氨基和/或羟基的衍生物,优选携带氨基保护基来代替与N原子结合的H原子的衍生物,具体优选携带其中R’为氨基保护基的R’-N基团来代替NH基团的衍生物,和/或携带羟基保护基来代替羟基上的H原子的衍生物,例如,那些与式I化合物一致,但携带其中R″为羟基保护基的-COOR″基团来代替-COOH基团的衍生物。
优选的起始原料也为可以转化为相应的脒基化合物的噁二唑衍生物。
也可以有许多相同的或不同的被保护的氨基和/或羟基存在于起始材料分子中。如果所存在的保护基彼此不同,它们在许多情况下可以选择性地裂解下来。
术语“氨基保护基”是一般术语中已知的并且涉及适用于保护(阻断)氨基以防止发生化学反应,但在所需要的化学反应已在分子的其它部位进行之后可以很容易地除去的基团。优选的所述基团具体地为未取代的或取代的酰基、芳基、芳烷氧基甲基或芳烷基。由于氨基保护基在所需要的反应(或反应顺序)结束之后除去,所以它们的种类和大小不是至关重要的;然而,优选含有1-20个碳原子,特别是含有1-8个碳原子的基团。在本方法中,术语“酰基”应最广义地理解。它包括来自脂肪族、芳香脂肪族(araliphatic)、芳香族或杂环羧酸或磺酸的酰基,并且具体包括烷氧基羰基、芳氧基羰基和特别是芳烷氧基羰基。所述酰基的实例是链烷酰基如乙酰基、丙酰基和丁酰基;芳烷酰基如苯基乙酰基;芳酰基如苯甲酰基和甲苯基;芳氧基链烷酰基如POA;烷氧基羰基如甲氧基羰基、乙氧基羰基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基羰基、BOC(叔丁氧基羰基)和2-碘乙氧基羰基;芳烷氧基羰基如CBZ(“苄酯基”)、4-甲氧基苄氧基羰基和FMOC;和芳基磺酰基如Mtr。优选的氨基保护基是BOC和Mtr,此外为CBZ、Fmoc、苄基和乙酰基。
术语“羟基保护基”也是一般术语中已知的并且涉及那些适用于保护羟基以防止发生化学反应,但在所需要的化学反应已在分子的其它部位进行之后可以很容易地除去的基团。优选的所述基团是上述未取代的或取代的芳基、芳烷基或酰基,此外也可以是烷基。由于羟基保护基在所需要的反应或反应顺序结束之后除去,所以它们的性质和大小不是至关重要的;但优选含有1-20个碳原子,特别是含有1-10个碳原子的基团。羟基保护基的实例特别为苄基、4-甲氧基苄基、对硝基苯甲酰基、对甲苯磺酰基、叔丁基和乙酰基,其中苄基和叔丁基是特别优选的。
式I化合物可以-依赖于所使用的保护基-例如使用强酸,优选使用TFA或高氯酸,但也可以使用其他强无机酸如盐酸或硫酸,强有机羧酸如三氯乙酸或磺酸如苯磺酸或对甲苯磺酸而由其功能衍生物释放。另外可能需要惰性溶剂存在,但不总是必要的。适宜的惰性溶剂优选有机溶剂,例如羧酸如乙酸,醚如四氢呋喃或二噁烷,酰胺如DMF,卤代烃如二氯甲烷,也可以为醇如甲醇、乙醇或丙醇,和水。此外上述溶剂的混合物也是适宜的。优选地,TFA在不加入其它溶剂的情况下过量使用,并且优选地,高氯酸以9∶1的乙酸-70%高氯酸混合物形式使用。裂解的反应温度优选在0-约50℃,优选15-30℃之间(室温)。
优选地,例如BOC、OBut和Mtr基团可在二氯甲烷中使用TFA,或在二噁烷中,在15-30℃下使用约3-5N HCl裂解下来,并且FMOC基团可在DMF中,在15-30℃下使用大约5-50%二甲胺、二乙胺或哌啶溶液裂解下来。
例如,可通过氢解反应除去的保护基(例如CBZ、苄基或由其噁二唑衍生物释放脒基)可通过在催化剂(例如贵金属催化剂如钯,优选在载体如碳上的钯)存在下用氢处理裂解下来。适宜的溶剂是上述提及的那些溶剂,例如具体地为醇如甲醇或乙醇,或酰胺如DMF。氢解通常在约0-100℃的温度和约1-200巴的压力下,优选在20-30℃和1-10巴下进行。例如,CBZ的氢解也可以在甲醇中,在5-10%Pd/C上进行或者在甲醇/DMF中,在20-30℃下,在Pd/C上利用甲酸铵(而不是氢)进行。
适宜的惰性溶剂的实例是烃如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯代烃,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氟甲基苯、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正丙醇、正丁醇或叔丁醇;醚,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二噁烷;乙二醇醚,如乙二醇单甲醚、乙二醇单乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈,如乙腈;亚砜,如二甲基亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯,如乙酸乙酯,或上述溶剂的混合物。
例如,在水、水/THF或水/二噁烷中,在0-100℃的温度下利用乙酸或利用NaOH或KOH可以将酯皂化。
此外游离氨基和/或羟基可以按照常规方法用酰氯或酸酐酰化或用未取代的或取代的烷基卤烷基化,或者有利地,在惰性溶剂如二氯甲烷或THF中,和/或存在碱如三乙胺或吡啶的条件下,在-60至+30℃的温度下与CH3-C(=NH)-OEt反应。
此外可通过将一个或多个R1、R2、R3和/或B基团转化为另外一个或多个R1、R2、R3和/或B基团,例如通过
i)、将酯或醚裂解,
ii)、将OH官能团烷基化或酰基化,
iii)、通过与醛和复合氢化物反应将胺还原性烷基化,
iv)、将氨基与丙二腈反应,
v)、将硝基还原为氨基(例如通过在阮内镍或Pd/碳存在下,在惰性溶剂如甲醇或乙醇中氢化),
vi)、将氰基转化为四唑基,
vii)、通过与醇反应将羧基酯化,和/或
viii)、在氢解条件下将硝基烷基化得到烷基化的胺而将式I化合物转化为另一种式I化合物。
药用盐及其它形式
上述本发明的化合物可以以其最终的非盐形式使用。另一方面,本发明也包括使用根据本领域众所周知的方法由各种有机和无机酸和碱得到的这些化合物的可药用盐形式。式I化合物的大部分可药用盐形式可通过常规方法制备。当式I化合物含羧酸基团时,其适宜的盐可通过将该化合物与适宜的碱反应得到相应的碱加成盐形成。该碱的实例为碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化锂;碱土金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钡和氢氧化钙;碱金属醇化物,例如乙醇钾和丙醇钠;以及各种有机碱,如哌啶、二乙醇胺和N-甲基谷酰胺。还可包括式I化合物的铝盐。对于某些式I化合物,其酸加成盐可通过将所述化合物用可药用有机酸和无机酸处理形成,所述的酸例如为氢卤酸,如盐酸、氢溴酸和氢碘酸;其它无机酸及其相应的盐,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐和磷酸盐等;烷基和单芳基磺酸盐,如乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和苯磺酸盐;其它有机酸及其相应的盐,如乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、抗坏血酸盐等。因此,式I化合物的可药用酸加成盐包括但不局限于:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、精氨酸盐、门冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物、氯苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊基丙酸盐、二葡萄糖酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、延胡索酸盐、粘酸盐(galacterate)(来源于粘液酸)、半乳糖醛酸盐、葡萄糖庚酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙基磺酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、异丁酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、杏仁酸盐、偏磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、油酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、苯乙酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸盐和邻苯二甲酸盐。
此外,本发明的化合物的碱盐包括但不局限于铝盐、铵盐、钙盐、铜盐、三价铁盐、亚铁盐、锂盐、镁盐、锰盐、二价锰盐、钾盐、钠盐和锌盐。上述盐中优选为铵盐;碱金属钠盐和钾盐;和碱土金属钙盐和镁盐。由可药用有机无毒碱得到的式I化合物的盐包括但不局限于伯胺、仲胺和叔胺、包括天然取代胺在内的取代胺、环胺和碱性离子交换树脂,如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺(苄乍生)、二环己基氨、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、葡糖胺、氨基葡萄糖、组胺酸、哈胺(hydrabamine)、异丙胺、利多卡因、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙醇胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺及三-(羟甲基)-甲胺(氨丁三醇)的盐。
含有碱性含氮基团的本发明的化合物可被如下试剂四价化:(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基和叔丁基氯、溴和碘化物;二(C1-C4)烷基硫酸酯,例如二甲基、二乙基和二戊基硫酸酯;(C10-C18)烷基卤化物,例如癸基、十二烷基、月桂基、十四烷基和十八烷基氯、溴和碘化物;和芳基(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如苄基氯和苯乙基溴。所述盐使本发明的水溶性和油溶性化合物的制备成为可能。
在上述所提及的药物盐中,优选的药物盐包括但不局限于乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、延胡索酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、杏仁酸盐、葡甲胺、硝酸盐、油酸盐、膦酸盐、新戊酸盐、磷酸钠盐、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫代苹果酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和氨丁三醇。
式I的碱性化合物的酸加成盐可通过常规方法将其游离碱形式与足够量的所需酸反应生成盐来制备。游离碱可通过常规方法将盐形式与碱反应并分离出游离碱来重新生成。游离碱形式与其各自的盐形式在某些物理性质如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面多少有些不同,但是对于本发明的目的而言,所述盐与其各自的游离碱形式是相当的。
如所指出的,可用金属或胺、如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成式I化合物的可药用碱加成盐。金属优选为钠、钾、镁和钙。有机胺优选为N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
本发明的酸性化合物的碱加成盐可通过常规方法将其游离酸形式与足够量的所需碱反应生成盐来制备。该游离酸形式可通过常规方法将盐形式与酸反应并且分离出游离酸来重新生成。游离酸形式与它们各自的盐形式在物理性质如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面多少有些不同,但是在本发明的目的中,所述盐与它们各自的游离酸形式是相当的。
当本发明的化合物含有多于一个能形成该可药用盐的基团时,多盐形式也包括在本发明的范围内。典型的多盐形式的实例包括但不局限于二酒石酸盐、二乙酸盐、二富马酸盐、二葡甲胺盐、二磷酸盐、二钠盐和三盐酸盐。
根据上述可以看出,如此处使用的短语“可药用盐”意欲指含有以其盐形式使用的、尤其是与以前所用的所述活性成分的游离形式或任何其它盐形式相比、使所述活性成分的药动学性质改善的所述盐形式使用的式I化合物的活性成分。所述活性成分的可药用盐形式也可赋予所述活性成分以前所没有的预期药动学性质,甚至可积极影响所述活性成分与其体内治疗活性有关的药动学。
所述活性成分可被有利影响的药动学性质包括,例如所述活性成分穿过细胞膜转运的方式,该方式反过来可直接和积极影响所述活性成分的吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄。虽然药物组合物的给药途径很重要,并且多种解剖、生理和病理因素可关键性地影响生物利用度,然而所述活性成分的溶解度通常取决于其所用的具体盐形式的种类。此外,如本领域技术人员可以理解的,所述活性成分的水溶液使所述活性成分在所治疗患者体内的吸收速率最快,而脂类溶液、悬浮液和固体剂型使所述活性成分的吸收速度降低。
出于安全、方便和经济的原因,式I化合物最优选的给药途径为口服摄入,然而该口服剂型的吸收可被物理性质如极性、胃肠道粘膜刺激引起的呕吐、消化酶和低pH破坏、当有食物或其它药物存在时的异常吸收或促进、以及粘膜酶代谢、肠道菌群代谢或肝代谢不利地影响。将所述活性成分制备成不同的可药用盐形式可有效地克服或缓和在口服剂型吸收中所遇到的一个或多个上述问题。
可通过有机合成领域的化学家已知的任何常规方法从其最终形成的反应混合物中分离出根据此处描述的方法制备的式I化合物。分离出的化合物可通过已知的方法纯化。可采用多种方法和技术来分离和纯化,包括例如,蒸馏、重结晶、柱色谱法、离子交换色谱法、凝胶色谱法、亲合色谱法、制备型薄层色谱法以及溶剂萃取。
立体异构体
式I范围内的化合物可以是如下化合物:其组成原子尽管有相同的连接,然而在空间中仍能以两种或多种不同的方式排列。结果,所述化合物以立体异构体的形式存在。顺式-反式异构仅仅是立体异构体现象的一种类型。当所述立体异构体互为不能重叠的镜像时,它们是具有手性或刚性的对映体,因为在其组成结构中存在一个或多个非对称碳原子。旋光异构体具有光学活性,因此是可区分的,因为它们以相同的量但却是相反的方向旋转偏振光平面。
当式I化合物中有两个或多个非对称碳原子时,每个所述的碳原子有两种可能的构型。当存在两个非对称碳原子时,例如,有四种可能的立体异构体。另外,这四种可能的立体异构体可能排列出六对两两不同的立体异构体。为了使一对含多于一个非对称碳的分子为旋光异构体,其每个非对称碳的构型必须不同。那些不为旋光异构体的分子对具有不同的立体异构关系,即非对映异构关系。不为旋光异构体的立体异构体称为非对映异构体,或者更常称之为非对映体。
式I化合物所有众所周知的立体化学方面可作为本发明的一部分。因此在本发明范围内,还包括为立体异构体的式I化合物,并且其中立体异构体为旋光异构体、单独旋光异构体、所述旋光异构体的外消旋混合物、以及含有不同于外消旋混合物中所述旋光异构体比例的旋光异构体比例的人工(即合成的)混合物。当式I化合物中含有为非对映异构体的立体异构体时,单独非对映体和任两种或多种所述非对映体任何比例的混合物也包括在所述化合物的范围内。
顺便说明,当式I化合物中有一个产生其(-)(R)和(+)(S)旋光异构体的非对称碳原子时,具有治疗活性并且可有效治疗或预防此处所述的疾病和病情的其所有可药用盐形式、前药及代谢物也包括在所述化合物的范围内。当式I化合物以(-)(R)和(+)(S)旋光异构体形式存在时,如果全部、基本上全部或主要的治疗活性在于仅一种所述旋光异构体,或不想要的副作用存在于仅一种所述旋光异构体,则仅(+)(S)旋光异构体或仅(-)(R)旋光异构体也在所述化合物范围内。此外当两种旋光异构体的生物学活性之间基本没有差异时,(+)(S)旋光异构体和(-)(R)旋光异构体以外消旋混合物或其任何适当量的比例存在的非外消旋混合物也包括在所述式I化合物的范围内。
式I化合物的一对或一套旋光异构体(如果存在的话)的特定生物学活性和/或理化性质可能提示使用特定比例的所述旋光异构体来形成最终的治疗产品。例如,当存在一对旋光异构体时,其可以以如90%(R)-10%(S);80%(R)-20%(S);70%(R)-30%(S);60%(R)-40%(S);50%(R)-50%(S);40%(R)-60%(S);30%(R)-70%(S);20%(R)-80%(S);和10%(R)-90%(S)的比例采用。在评价式I化合物的各种旋光异构体(如果存在的话)的性质后,可以以直观的方式确定具有某种所需性质的、构成最终治疗产品的一种或多种所述旋光异构体的相应量。
同位素
式I化合物同位素标记的形式也被认为包括在式I化合物的范围内。式I化合物同位素标记的形式与所述化合物是等同的,除了所述化合物的一个或多个原子被原子质量或质量数与自然界中常见的所述原子的原子质量或质量数不同的原子替换。易于商业购得且根据既定方法可引入式I化合物的同位素的实例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素,例如分别为2H、3H、13C、14C、15N、18O、17O、31P、32P、35S、18F和36Cl。可认为含上述一个或多个同位素和/或其它原子的其它同位素的式I化合物、前药、或其可药用盐在本发明的范围内。同位素标记的式I化合物可以以多种有利的方式使用。例如,同位素标记的式I化合物、例如引入了放射性同位素如3H或14C的式I化合物可用于药物和/或底物组织分布分析。特别优选这些放射性同位素,即氚(3H)和C-14(14C),因为它们易于制备和易于检测。在式I化合物中引入重同位素,如氘(2H),可产生基于所述同位素标记化合物更强的代谢稳定性的治疗优点。更强的代谢稳定性直接使体内半衰期增加,或者可减少所需的剂量,其在大多数情况下可构成本发明的优选实施方案。通常可通过进行合成方案及有关描述、实施例和制备中公开的方法,用易得的同位素标记的反应物替换其相应的非同位素标记的反应物来制备同位素标记的式I化合物。
为了以初级动力学同位素效应控制所述化合物的氧化代谢,可将氘、即2H引入式I化合物中。所述初级动力学同位素效应是由于同位素核数的替换而引起的化学反应速率的变化,其由在所述同位素替换后形成共价键所需的基态能的变化所引起。重同位素替换通常使化学键的基态能降低,因此使键断裂限速步骤的速率降低。如果键断裂发生在沿多产物反应坐标的鞍点区或其附近时,可明显改变产物分配的比率。例如,当氘与不可替换位点的碳原子键合时,kM/kD的速率差别典型地为2-7。如果将该速率差异成功地用于氧化不稳定的式I化合物,则可显著影响所述化合物的体内性质,并且可以改善药动学性质。
在发现和开发治疗药物中,熟练的技术人员试图最优化药动学参数,而同时保持想要的体外性质。有理由推测,很多药动学性质不好的化合物易于氧化代谢。目前可得到的体外肝微粒体分析提供了关于该氧化代谢过程的有价值的信息,其从而可能合乎情理地设计通过对抗该氧化代谢而具有增强的稳定性的氘代式I化合物。由此可使式I化合物的药动学性质显著改善,并且可以以下术语量化表示:体内半衰期(t1/2)、最大治疗效果时的浓度(Cmax)、剂量响应曲线下面积(AUC)以及F的增加;和清除率、剂量及成本的降低。
以下描述用来说明上述内容:具有多个氧化代谢的潜在位点(例如苄基上的氢原子和与氮原子连接的氢原子)的式I化合物可作为一系列类似物制备,其中氢原子的各种组合可被氘原子取代,因而使一些、大部分或所有的所述氢原子被氘原子取代。测定半衰期可方便并精确地确定对于抗氧化代谢改善的程度。在此方法中可以确定的是,作为氘氢交换的结果,母体化合物的半衰期可被延长约100%。
作为减少或消除不希望的毒性代谢物的方式,式I化合物中的氘-氢交换也可用于有利地改变起始化合物的代谢性质。例如,当毒性代谢物通过氧化碳-氢(C-H)键断裂产生时,可合乎情理地预期氘代类似物可显著减少或消除不想要的代谢产物,即使是当特定的氧化不是限速步骤时。可找到其它关于氘-氢交换的领域现阶段状态的信息,例如,Hanzlik等人,J.Org.Chem.55,3992-3997,1990;Reider等人,J.Org.Chem.52,3326-3334,1987;Foster,Adv.Drug Res.14,1-40,1985;Gillette等人,Biochemistry33(10)2927-2937,1994和Jarman等人,Carcinogenesis 16(4),683-688,1993。
治疗应用
此外,本发明还涉及式I化合物治疗心肌疾病的应用。
冠心病是西方世界最常见的死因。当冠状动脉极其狭窄时,血流减少可能会引起心肌缺血。根据前述局部缺血期的严重程度,开始再灌注可引起心肌可逆或不可逆受损,该受损以收缩功能长期抑制或不可逆损失为特征。根据心肌受影响区域的大小,可发展为急性或慢性心力衰竭。
在上述情况中的具体临床问题是,在通过PTCA初期成功地再灌注后出现再狭窄,甚至是在植入支架、溶栓或冠脉搭桥术后出现再狭窄。试验动物研究和临床研究中有证据表明:在上述提及的各种心脏疾病,即冠心病本身、可逆或不可逆心肌缺血/再灌注损伤、急性或慢性心衰和再狭窄(包括支架内(instent)-再狭窄和支架-支架内(stent-in-stent)-再狭窄)中,炎症过程起到因果关系的作用。所述炎症过程涉及安置和侵入巨嗜细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和TH1及TH2辅助细胞。该白细胞应答产生了特殊的细胞因子模式,包括TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-6、IL-10和IL-13(Pulkki KJ:细胞因子和心肌细胞死亡,Ann.Med.1997 29:339-343;Birks EJ,Yacoub MH:心衰中一氧化氮和细胞因子的作用,Coron.Artery.Dis.1997 8:389-402)。这些种类的形成已经在患有心肌缺血的人类患者中证实。动物模型表明,细胞因子产物与外周巨嗜细胞和嗜中性粒细胞的入侵有关,其可将损伤扩展到仍未受损的心肌。
然而,在细胞因子响应中起主要作用的是TNF-α,其可综合炎症和凋亡前应答,并且还可对心肌细胞直接起负作用(Ceconi C,Curello S,Bachetti T,Corti A,Ferrari R:充血性心衰中的肿瘤坏死因子:新千年的发病机制?Prog.Cardiovasc.Dis.1998 41:25-30。Mann DL:肿瘤坏死因子α对心脏结构和功能的影响:关于两种细胞因子的故事,J.Card.Fail.19962:S165-S172。Squadrito F,Altavilla D,Zingarelli B,等人:肿瘤坏死因子在心肌缺血-再灌注损伤中的作用,Eur.J.Pharmacol.1993 237:223-230)。
在心肌梗塞动物模型中已经表明,在再灌注期可快速释放TNF-α(Herskowitz A,Choi S,Ansari AA,Wesselingh S:在局部缺血后/再灌注的心肌膜中的细胞因子mRNA表达,Am.J.Pathol.1995 146:419-428),并且药物如地塞米松(Arras M,Strasser R,Mohri M等人:肿瘤坏死因子-α在心脏微栓塞后由单核细胞/巨噬细胞表达并且被环孢菌素拮抗,Basic.Res.Cardiol.1998 93:97-107)、环孢菌素A(Arras M,Strasser R,Mohri M等人:肿瘤坏死因子-α在心脏微栓塞后由单核细胞/巨噬细胞表达并且被环孢菌素拮抗,Basic.Res.Cardiol.1998 93:97-107。Squadrito F,Altavilla D,Squadrito G等人:环孢菌素A在大鼠中减少白细胞聚集并且防止心肌缺血再灌注损伤,Eur.J.Pharmacol.1999 364:159-168)或氯克罗孟(Squadrito F,Altavilla D,Zingarelli B等人:氯克罗孟,一种香豆素衍生物,在心肌缺血-再灌注损伤中对白细胞聚集、缺血性坏死和TNF-α生产的影响,Life Sci.1993 53:341-355)的保护效力与循环TNF-α的减少相符。
式I的PDE IV抑制剂为巨嗜细胞和T-细胞细胞因子生产的有效拮抗剂。它们也可抑制T细胞增殖。因此,抑制PDE IV对于其病因与细胞因子产生和炎症过程有关的心脏疾病具有有利的效力。
与PDE III抑制剂和早期的PDE IV抑制剂洛利普兰相比,优选的PDEIV抑制剂没有可能导致在大多数心血管疾病治疗中需要限制剂量的血液动力学副作用。
本发明基于以下目的:发现具有有价值性质的化合物的新用途,尤其是那些可用于制备药物的化合物的新用途。
已经发现,式I化合物及其盐在治疗心肌疾病中具有非常有价值的药理学性质和较好的耐受性。
本发明优选提供了式I化合物在制备用于治疗心肌疾病的药物中的用途,其中所述的心肌疾病表现出炎症和免疫学性质。
本发明更优选提供了式I化合物在制备用于治疗冠心病、可逆或不可逆心肌缺血/再灌注损伤、急性或慢性心力衰竭和再狭窄(包括支架内再狭窄和支架-支架内再狭窄)的药物中的用途。
本发明优选提供了式I化合物在制备用于治疗或预防选自以下的一种或多种疾病、病理性紊乱和病情的药物中的用途:
任何类型、病因或发病机制的哮喘;或选自下组的哮喘:特应性哮喘;非特应性哮喘;变应性哮喘;特应性IgE介导的哮喘;支气管哮喘;原发性哮喘;真气喘;由病理生理学紊乱引起的内因性哮喘;因环境因素引起的外因性哮喘;病因未知或不明的原发性哮喘;非特应性哮喘;支气管哮喘;气肿性哮喘;运动性哮喘;职业性哮喘;由细菌、真菌、原生动物或病毒感染引起的感染性哮喘;非变应性哮喘;早期哮喘;气喘婴儿综合症;
慢性或急性支气管收缩;慢性支气管炎;小气道阻塞;和肺气肿;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的梗阻性或炎症气道疾病;或选自下组的梗阻性或炎症气道疾病:哮喘;尘肺、慢性嗜酸细胞性肺炎;慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD);包括慢性支气管炎、肺气肿或与其有关的呼吸困难的COPD;以不可逆、进行性气道阻塞为特征的COPD;急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和其它药物治疗引起的气道高反应性加剧;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的尘肺;或选自铝尘肺、炭肺(哮喘)、石棉肺、石末肺、因吸入鸵鸟羽毛灰尘引起的鸵鸟毛尘肺、因吸入铁微粒引起的肺铁末沉着病、硅肺、棉屑肺或棉花-灰尘性尘肺和滑石粉尘肺的尘肺;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的支气管炎;或选自急性支气管炎、急性喉气管支气管炎、花生仁吸入性支气管炎、卡他性支气管炎、格鲁布性支气管炎、干性支气管炎、感染性气喘性支气管炎、增生性支气管炎、葡萄球菌或链球菌所致的支气管炎和肺泡支气管炎的支气管炎;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的支气管扩张;或选自圆柱形支气管扩张、囊状支气管扩张、梭形支气管扩张(fusiform bronchiectasis)、毛细管支气管扩张、囊性支气管扩张、干性支气管扩张和滤泡性支气管扩张的支气管扩张症;
季节性过敏性鼻炎;或常年性过敏性鼻炎;或任何类型、病因或发病机制的鼻窦炎;或选自化脓性或非化脓性鼻窦炎的鼻窦炎;急性或慢性鼻窦炎;和筛骨、前、颚骨或蝶骨鼻窦炎;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的类风湿性关节炎;或选自急性关节炎、急性痛风性关节炎、原发性慢性关节炎、骨关节病、传染性关节炎、莱姆关节炎、增生性关节炎、银屑病关节炎和椎骨关节炎的类风湿性关节炎;
痛风和与炎症有关的发热和疼痛;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的与嗜酸性粒细胞有关的疾病;或者选自下组的与嗜酸性粒细胞有关的疾病:嗜酸性粒细胞增多症;肺嗜酸粒细胞浸润症;Loffier′s综合症;慢性嗜酸细胞性肺炎;热带性肺嗜酸细胞浸润症;支气管肺炎性曲霉病;曲霉肿;含嗜酸性粒细胞的肉芽肿;变应性肉芽肿性脉管炎或Churg-Strauss综合症;结节性全动脉炎(PAN);和全身坏死性血管炎;
特应性皮炎;或变应性皮炎;或变应性或特应性湿疹;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的荨麻疹;或选自免疫介导的荨麻疹、补体介导的荨麻疹、致荨麻疹物质引起的荨麻疹、物理因素引起的荨麻疹、紧张引起的荨麻疹,特发性荨麻疹、急性荨麻疹、慢性荨麻疹、血管神经性水肿、胆碱能荨麻疹、正常染色体占优势形式或后天获得形式中的寒性荨麻疹、接触性荨麻疹、巨大荨麻疹和丘疹性荨麻疹的荨麻疹;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的结膜炎;或选自光化性结膜炎、急性卡他性结膜炎、急性触染性结膜炎、变应性结膜炎,特应性结膜炎、慢性卡他性结膜炎、化脓性结膜炎和春季结膜炎的结膜炎;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的葡萄膜炎;或选自葡萄膜全部或部分发炎、前眼色素层炎、虹膜炎、睫状体炎、虹膜睫状体炎、肉芽肿性葡萄膜炎、非肉芽肿性葡萄膜炎、晶状体抗原性色素层炎、后色素层炎、脉络膜炎和脉络膜视网膜炎的葡萄膜炎;
银屑病;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的多发性硬化症;或选自原发性进行性多发性硬化症和复发-缓解型多发性硬化症的多发性硬化症;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病;或选自以下的自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病:自身免疫血液学疾病、溶血性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、纯红细胞性贫血,特发性小板减少性紫癜、系统性红斑狼疮、多软骨炎、硬皮病、韦格纳肉芽肿病、皮肌炎、慢性活动性肝炎、重症肌无力、Stevens-Johnson综合征、先天性口炎性腹炎、自身免疫炎性肠疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、节段性肠炎、内分泌性眼病、巴塞多病、结节病、肺泡炎、慢性过敏性肺炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、幼年期糖尿病或I型糖尿病、前眼色素层炎、肉芽肿性或后色素层炎、干燥型角膜结膜炎、流行性角膜结膜炎、弥漫性间质性肺纤维化或间质性肺纤维化、肺硬变、胆囊纤维化、银屑病关节炎、有或无肾病综合征的肾小球肾炎、急性肾小球肾炎,特发性肾病综合征、肾病的微小变化、炎症/增生性皮肤病、银屑病,特应性皮炎、接触性皮炎、变应性接触性皮炎、良性遗传性天疱疮、红斑性天疱疮、落叶状天疱疮和寻常性天疱疮;
预防器官移植后的异源移植排斥反应;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的炎性肠病(IBD);或选自溃疡性结肠炎(UC)、胶原性结肠炎;息肉状结肠炎、透壁性结肠炎和节段性肠炎(CD)的炎性肠病:
任何类型、病因或发病机制的感染性休克;或选自以下的感染性休克:肾功能衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭、恶病质、疟疾恶病质、垂体恶病质、尿毒症性恶病质、心恶病质、恶病质肾上腺机能障碍或阿狄森氏病、生癌的恶病质和人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染后引起的恶病质;
肝损伤;
肺性高血压;和缺氧引起的肺性高血压;
骨丢失疾病;原发性骨质疏松症;和继发性骨质疏松症;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的中枢神经系统障碍;或选自以下的中枢神经系统障碍:抑郁;帕金森氏病;学习和记忆缺陷;迟发性运动障碍;药物依赖性;动脉硬化痴呆;和伴随亨廷顿舞蹈病、Wilson氏病、震颤麻痹和视丘萎缩出现的痴呆;
感染,尤其是病毒引起的感染,其中所述的病毒使其宿主的TNF-α生产增加,或者其中所述的病毒对其宿主中TNG-α的增加敏感,从而使其复制或其它生命活动被不利地阻止,所述病毒包括选自HIV-1、HIV-2、HIV-3、巨细胞病毒、CMV、流行性感冒、腺病毒和疱疹病毒(包括带状疱疹和单纯疱疹)的病毒;
酵母和真菌感染,其中所述酵母和真菌对其宿主中TNG-α的增加或TNG-α生产的诱发敏感,例如真菌性脑膜炎;特别是当其与其它可选择药物联合给药用于治疗全身酵母和真菌感染时,包括但不局限于多粘菌素,例如多链丝霉素B;咪唑,例如克霉唑、益康唑、咪康唑和酮康唑;三唑,例如氟康唑和伊曲康唑(itranazole)和两性霉素,如两性霉素B和脂质体两性霉素B;
局部缺血-再灌注损伤;自身免疫糖尿病;视网膜自身免疫;慢性淋巴细胞白血病;HIV感染;红斑狼疮;肾和输尿管疾病;泌尿生殖和胃肠道疾病;和前列腺疾病。
具体地,式I化合物可有效治疗(1)炎症疾病和病情,包括关节炎症、类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、炎症性肠疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、慢性肾小球肾炎、皮炎和节段性回肠炎;(2)呼吸疾病和病情,包括哮喘、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性肺炎症疾病、支气管炎、慢性阻塞性气道病和硅肺;(3)感染性疾病和病情,包括败血症、感染性休克、内毒素性休克、革兰氏阴性败血症、中毒性休克综合征、因细菌、病毒或真菌感染引起的发热和肌痛和流行性感冒;(4)免疫疾病和病情,包括自身免疫糖尿病、系统性红斑狼疮、移植物抗宿主反应、同种异体移植排斥反应、多发性硬化症、银屑病和过敏性鼻炎;和(5)其它疾病和病情,包括骨吸收疾病、再灌注损伤、由于感染或恶性疾病引起的恶病质、由人获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)、人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染、或与AIDS有关的并发症(ARC)引起的恶病质;瘢痕瘤形成;瘢痕组织形成;I型糖尿病和白血病。
本发明还涉及式I化合物与一种或多种选自以下药物的联合:
(a)白三烯生物合成抑制剂:选自以下的5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂和5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂:齐留通;ABT-761;芬留顿;替泊沙林;Abbott-79175;Abbott-85761;N-(5-取代)噻吩-2-烷基磺胺类;2,6-二叔丁基苯酚腙;包括Zeneca ZD-2138的甲氧基四氢吡喃类;化合物SB-210661及其所属的类别;L 739,010所属的吡啶基取代-2-氰基-萘化合物类;L-746,530所属的2-氰基喹啉化合物类;MK-591、MK-886和BAYx1005所属的吲哚和喹啉化合物类;(b)白三烯LTB4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4的受体拮抗剂,选自L-651,392所属的吩噻嗪-3-酮类化合物;CGS-25019c所属的脒基类化合物;昂唑司特所属的苯并噁唑胺类;BIIL 284/260所属的苯基-甲亚胺酸酰胺类;和扎鲁司特、阿鲁司特、孟鲁司特、普仑司特、维鲁司特(MK-679)、RG-12525、Ro-245913、伊拉司特(CGP 45715A)和BAY x 7195所属的化合物类;(c)PDE IV抑制剂;(d)5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂或5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂;(e)5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)双重抑制剂和血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;(f)白三烯拮抗剂(LTRAs),包括LTB4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4拮抗剂;(g)抗组胺H1受体拮抗剂,包括西替利嗪、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定、非索非那定、阿司咪唑、氮卓斯汀、氯苯那敏;(h)胃保护H2受体拮抗剂;(i)口服或局部作为解充血剂使用的α1-和α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂血管收缩拟交感神经药,包括丙己君、苯福林、苯丙醇胺、伪麻黄碱、盐酸萘甲唑啉、盐酸羟甲唑啉、盐酸四氢唑啉、盐酸塞洛唑啉和盐酸乙基去甲肾上腺素;j)与5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂联合的α1-和α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂;(k)抗胆碱能药,包括异丙托溴铵、噻托溴铵、氧托溴铵、哌仑西平和替仑西平;(l)β1-至β4肾上腺素受体激动剂,包括异丙喘宁、异丙肾上腺素、喘息定、舒喘灵、沙丁胺醇、福莫特罗、沙美特罗,特布他林、奥西他林、比托特罗甲磺酸和吡布特罗;(m)甲基黄嘌呤,包括茶碱和氨茶碱;(n)色甘酸钠;(o)毒蕈碱受体(M1、M2和M3)拮抗剂;(p)COX-1抑制剂(NSAID);COX-2选择性抑制剂,包括罗非考昔;和一氧化氮NSAID;(q)I型胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)模拟物;(r)环索奈德;(s)全身副反应减少的吸入糖皮质素,包括强的松、泼尼松龙、氟尼缩松、曲安西龙丙酮化合物、倍氯米松二丙酸盐、布德松、氟替卡松丙酸盐和莫米松糠酸酯;(t)类胰蛋白酶抑制剂;(u)血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;(v)对抗内源性炎症实体活性的单克隆抗体;(w)IPL 576;(x)抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)药,包括依那西普、英夫利昔单抗和D2E7;(y)DMARD,包括来氟米特;(z)TCR肽;(aa)白介素转换酶(ICE)抑制剂;(bb)IMPDH抑制剂;(cc)粘连分子抑制剂,包括VLA-4拮抗剂;(dd)组织蛋白酶;(ee)MAP激酶抑制剂;(ff)葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂;(gg)激肽-B1-和B2-受体拮抗剂;(hh)含金硫基团和多个亲水基团形式的金;(ii)免疫抑制剂,例如环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤和氨甲蝶呤;(jj)抗痛风药,例如秋水仙碱;(kk)黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,例如别嘌呤醇;(II)排尿酸药,例如丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮和苯溴马隆;(mm)抗肿瘤药,尤其是抗有丝分裂药,包括长春花生物碱,如长春花碱和长春新碱;(nn)生长激素促分泌药;(oo)基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂,例如基质降解酶、胶原酶和白明胶酶,以及聚集蛋白聚糖酶(aggrecanase);尤其是胶原酶-1(MMP-1)、胶原酶-2(MMP-8)、胶原酶-3(MMP-13)、基质降解酶-1(MMP-3)、基质降解酶-2(MMP-10)和基质降解酶-3(MMP-11);(pp)转化生长因子(TGFβ);(qq)血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF);(rr)成纤维细胞生长因子,例如基础成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF);(ss)粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF);(tt)辣椒辣素;(uu)选自NKP-608C、SB233412(他奈坦)和D-4418的速激肽NK1和NK3受体拮抗剂;和(vv)选自UT-77和ZD-0892的弹性蛋白酶抑制剂。
本发明涉及式I化合物与一种或多种其它治疗药物的联合对患者共同给药以得到某一特别想要的治疗终结果。第二种及其它治疗药物也可以是如上所述的一种或多种化合物,或者是一种或多种本领域已知的和此处详细描述的PDE IV抑制剂。更具体地,第二种及其它治疗药物选自不同类别的治疗药物。以下详细描述了这些选择。
如此处所用的,指式I化合物与一种或多种其它治疗药物“共同给药”和“联合给药”的术语意欲指,并且确实指和包括下述:
(a)对需要治疗的患者同时给予一种或多种化合物与一种或多种治疗药物的联合,当所述成分一起制成基本上同时对所述患者释放这些成分的单一剂型时;
(b)对需要治疗的患者基本上同时给予一种或多种化合物与一种或多种治疗药物的联合,当这些成分分别制成基本上同时被患者摄入的单独剂型时,其中所述成分基本上同时对所述患者释放;
(c)对需要治疗的患者依次给予一种或多种化合物与一种或多种治疗药物的联合,当这些成分分别制成单独剂型时,其中所述的剂型被所述患者连续摄入,且每次摄入之间有明显的时间间隔,因此基本上不同时对患者释放所述成分;
(d)对需要治疗的患者依次给予一种或多种化合物与一种或多种治疗药物的联合,当这些成分一起制成以控释方式释放所述成分的单一剂型时,因此,它们可在相同和/或不同的时间被患者同时、依次和/或重叠摄入。
与白三烯生物合成抑制剂的联合:5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂和5-脂肪氧
化酶激活蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂
可使用一种或多种式I化合物与白三烯生物合成抑制剂、如5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂或5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白拮抗剂联合,以形成本发明的实施方案。5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)为代谢花生四烯酸的两组酶之一,另一组为环氧合酶COX-1和COX-2。5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白为能通过5-脂肪氧化酶刺激胞内花生四烯酸转化的18kDa膜结合的、花生四烯酸结合蛋白。花生四烯酸转化为5-过氧化氢廿碳四烯酸(5-HPETE),该途径最终导致炎症白三烯的生成;因此,阻滞5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白或5-脂肪氧化酶本身可提供能有利干涉该途径的预期靶点。该5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂之一为齐留通。
可用于与式I化合物形成治疗联合的白三烯合成抑制剂类为下述:
(a)氧化还原作用活化剂,包括N-羟基脲;N-烷基-羟胺酸;亚硒酸盐;羟基苯并呋喃;羟胺;和儿茶酚;参见Ford-Hutchinson等人,“5-脂肪氧化酶”Ann.Rev.Biochem.63,383-417,1994;Weitzel和Wendel,“含硒酶通过过氧化物浓度调节白细胞5-脂肪氧化酶的活性”J.Biol.Chem.268,6288-92,1993;Bjrnstedt等人,“将亚硒酸盐与NADPH和哺乳动物硫氧还蛋白还原酶一起培养产生了硒化物,其可抑制脂肪氧化酶并且改变活性部位铁的电子自旋共振波谱”Biochemistry 35,8511-6,1996;和Stewart等人,“N-羟基脲5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂的构效关系”J.Med.Chem.40,1955-68,1997;
(b)烷化剂和能与SH基团反应的化合物,已发现它们可抑制白三烯的体外合成;参见Larsson等人,“1-氯-2,4,6-三硝基苯对5-脂肪氧化酶活性和细胞白三烯合成的影响”,Biochem.Pharmacol.55,863-71,1998;和
(c)基于硫代吡喃并吲哚和甲氧基烷基噻唑结构的5-脂肪氧化酶竞争性抑制剂,其可作为5-脂肪氧化酶的非氧化还原抑制剂起作用;参见Ford-Hutchinson等人,同上;和Hamel等人,“作为有效的可口服的5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂的取代的(吡啶基甲氧基)萘-L-739,010的合成、生物学特性和药动学”,J.Med.Chem.40,2866-75,1997。
花生四烯酸羟胺酸盐可抑制5-脂肪氧化酶的观察结果使得发现了可临床使用的5-脂肪氧化酶选择性抑制剂,如N-羟基脲衍生物齐留通和ABT-761,如下表示:
ABT-761
另一N-羟基脲化合物为芬留顿(Abbott-76745):
另一N-羟基脲化合物为Abbott-79175:
Abbott-79175的作用时间比齐留通长;
Brooks等人,J.Pharm.Exp.Therapeut 272 724,1995。
另一N-羟基脲化合物为Abbott-85761
Abbott-85761。
Abbott-85761通过均一、物理稳定和接近于单分散制剂的气雾剂给药转运至肺;Gupta等人,“5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂Abbott-85761在比哥猎犬中的肺部给药”International Journal of Pharmaceutics 147,207-218,1997。
芬留顿、Abbott-79175、Abbott-85761或其任意上述的衍生物或替泊沙林衍生物均可与式I化合物联合,以构成本发明的实施方案。
自从阐明了5-LO生物合成途径,一直在进行着关于抑制5-脂肪氧化酶或拮抗肽基-或非肽基-白三烯受体是否更有利的讨论。认为5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂优于LT-受体拮抗剂,因为5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂阻断了5-LO产物所有的作用,而LT-拮抗剂仅产生较窄的作用。然而,如下所述,本发明的实施方案包括式I化合物与LT-拮抗剂和5-LO抑制剂的联合。具有不同于上述N-羟基脲和异羟肟酸类的化学结构的5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂也可用于与式I化合物联合,以形成本发明的另一实施方案。该不同类别的实例为具有下式的N-(5-取代的)-噻吩-2-烷基磺胺类:
其中X为O或S;R′为甲基、异丙基、正丁基、正辛基或苯基;R为正戊基、环己基、苯基、四氢-1-萘基、1-或2-萘基、或者被Cl、F、Br、CH3、OCH3、SCH3、SO2CH3、CF3或异丙基一或二取代的苯基。优选的化合物为
这些化合物的更准确的描述可以参见Beers等人,“N-(5-取代的)噻吩-2-烷基磺胺作为5-脂肪氧化酶的有效抑制剂”,Bioorganic & MedicinalChemistry 5(4),779-786,1997。
另一类不同的5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂为2,6-二叔丁基苯酚腙类抑制剂,其在Cuadro等人,“2,6-二叔丁基苯酚腙的合成以及作为5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂的生物学评估”,Bioorganic&Medicinal Chemistry 6,173-180,1998中描述。该类化合物以下式表示:
其中″Het″为苯并噁唑-2-基、苯并噻唑-2-基、吡啶-2-基、吡嗪-2-基、嘧啶-2-基、4-苯基嘧啶-2-基、4,6-二苯基嘧啶-2-基、4-甲基嘧啶-2-基、4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基、4-丁基嘧啶-2-基、4,6-二丁基嘧啶-2-基和4-甲基-6-苯基嘧啶-2-基。
N-(5-取代的)-噻吩-2-烷基磺胺或2,6-二叔丁基苯酚腙或其任意上述的衍生物均可与上述式I化合物联合以形成本发明的实施方案。
另一类不同的5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂为Zeneca ZD-2138所属的甲氧基四氢吡喃类抑制剂
ZD-2138在多种物种中具有高度的选择性和口服活性,并且已经评价了其口服治疗哮喘和类风湿性关节炎的效力。有关ZD-2138及其衍生物的其它细节在Crawley等人,J.Med.Chem.,35,2600,1992和Crawley等人,J.Med.Chem.36,295,1993中公开。
另一类不同的5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂为SmithKline Beecham化合物SB-210661所属的类别
另两类不同和有关的5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂包括Merck Frosst公开的吡啶基取代的2-氰基萘化合物系列和2-氰基喹啉化合物系列。这两类5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂的实例分别为L-739,010和L-746,530:
L-739,010
L-746,530
关于L-739,010和L-746,530的其它细节在Dubé等人,“喹啉化合物作为有效的5-脂肪氧化酶抑制剂:L-746,530的合成和生物学特性”Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry 8,1255-1260,1998和WO95/03309(Friesen等人)中公开。
包括Zeneca ZD-2138的甲氧基四氢吡喃类;或先导化合物SB-210661及其所属的类别;或L739,010所属的吡啶基取代的2-氰基萘化合物系列,或L-746,530所属的2-氰基喹啉化合物系列;或者任意上述类别的任意上述衍生物均可与式I化合物联合以形成本发明的实施方案。
除了5-脂肪氧化酶,其它在白三烯生物合成中起重要作用的内源性物质为5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白(FLAP)。与5-脂肪氧化酶的直接作用相反,该蛋白的作用是间接的。然而,5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白拮抗剂可用于抑制白三烯的细胞合成,并且同样也可用于与式I化合物联合以形成本发明的实施方案。
已经由吲哚和喹啉结构合成了能结合5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白并因此阻止利用内源性花生四烯酸的化合物;参见Ford-Hutchinson等人,同上;Rouzer等人“WK-886,一种有效并且是特异性的白三烯生物合成抑制剂,其阻断并且逆转离子载体攻击的白细胞中膜与5-脂肪氧化酶的结合”J.Biol.Chem.265,1436-42,1990;和Gorenne等人,“{(R)-2-喹啉-2-基-甲氧基}苯基)-2-环戊基乙酸}(BAYx1005),一种有效的白三烯合成抑制剂:在人气道中对于抗-IgE攻击的效力”J.Pharmacol.Exp.Ther.268,868-72,1994。
MK-591,即quiflipon sodium,如下所示:
MK-591。
上述吲哚和喹啉类化合物以及具体的化合物MK-591、IVIK-886和BAYx1005或者任意上述类别的任意上述衍生物均可与式I化合物联合以形成本发明的实施方案。
与白三烯LTB4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4受体拮抗剂的联合
可将一种或多种式I化合物与白三烯LTB4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4受体拮抗剂联合使用。这些白三烯在调节炎症反应方面最引人注意的是LTB4和LTD4。以下段落中描述了这些白三烯受体拮抗剂的分类。
4-溴-2,7-二甲氧基-3H-吩噻嗪-3-酮、包括L-651,392为有效的LTB4受体拮抗剂,其在美国专利US 4,939,145(Guindon等人)和US 4,845,083(Lau等人)中公开
包括CGS-25019c在内的脒基类化合物在美国专利US 5,451,700(Morrissey和Suh)、US 5,488,160(Morrissey)和US 5,639,768(Morrissey和Suh)中描述。这些LTB4受体拮抗剂以CGS-25019c为代表,如下所示:
CGS-25019c。
昂唑司特,LTB4受体拮抗剂苯并噁唑胺类之一,在欧洲专利EP535521(Anderskewitz等人)中描述:
昂唑司特。
该组工作人员还发现了苯甲亚胺酸酰胺类LTB4受体拮抗剂,其在WO97/21670(Anderskewitz等人)和WO 98/11119(Anderskewitz等人)中描述,以BIIL 284/260为代表:
BIIL 284/260。
扎鲁司特为以名称Accolate出售的LTC4、LTD4和LTE4受体拮抗剂。其属于美国专利US 4,859,692(Bernstein等人)、US 5,319,097(Holohan和Edwards)、US 5,294,636(Edwards和Sherwood)、US 5,482,963、US5,583,152(Bernstein等人)和US 5,612,367(Timko等人)中描述的杂环酰胺衍生物类:
扎鲁司特。
阿鲁司特为LTD4受体拮抗剂,即Ro 23-3544/001:
阿鲁司特。
孟鲁司特为以名称Singulair出售的LTD4受体拮抗剂,其在美国专利US 5,565,473中描述:
孟鲁司特。
其它的LTD4受体拮抗剂包括普仑司特、维鲁司特(MK-679)、RG-12525、Ro-245913、伊拉司特(CGP 45715A)和BAY x 7195。
上述包括L-651,392的吩噻嗪-3-酮类化合物、包括CGS-25019c的脒基化合物类、包括昂唑司特的苯并噁唑胺类、以BIIL 284/260为代表的苯甲亚胺酸酰胺类、包括扎鲁司特、阿鲁司特和孟鲁司特的杂环酰胺衍生物以及它们所属的化合物类、或任意上述类别的任意上述衍生物均可与式I化合物联合形成本发明的实施方案。
与其它治疗药物的联合
一种或多种式I化合物可与其它治疗药物和非治疗药物联合使用以形成联合形式,该联合形式为本发明的其它实施方案,并且可用于治疗相当数目此处描述的不同疾病、病理性紊乱和病情。所述实施方案含一种或多种式I化合物以及一种或多种下述物质:
(a)PDE IV抑制剂;
(b)5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂或5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂;
(c)5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)双重抑制剂和血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;
(d)白三烯拮抗剂(LTRA),包括LTB4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4拮抗剂;
(e)抗组胺H1受体拮抗剂,包括西替利嗪、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定、非索非那定、阿司咪唑、氮斯汀、氯苯那敏;
(f)胃保护H2受体拮抗剂;
(g)口服或局部作为解充血剂使用的α1-和α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂血管收缩拟交感神经药,包括丙己君、苯福林、苯丙醇胺、伪麻黄碱、盐酸萘甲唑啉、盐酸氧甲唑啉、盐酸四氢唑啉、盐酸木甲唑啉和盐酸乙基去甲肾上腺素;
(h)与5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂联合的α1-和α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂;
(i)抗胆碱能药,包括异丙托溴铵、噻托溴铵、氧托溴铵、哌仑西平和替仑西平;
(j)β1-至β4-肾上腺素受体激动剂,包括异丙喘宁、异丙肾上腺素、喘息定、舒喘灵、沙丁胺醇、福莫特罗、沙美特罗,特布他林、奥西他林、比托特罗甲磺酸和吡布特罗;
(k)茶碱和氨茶碱;
(l)色甘酸钠;
(m)毒蕈碱受体(M1、M2和M3)拮抗剂;
(n)COX-1抑制剂(NSAID);COX-2选择性抑制剂,包括罗非考昔;和一氧化氮NSAID;
(o)I型胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)模拟物;
(p)环索奈德;
(q)全身副反应减少的吸入糖皮质素,包括强的松、泼尼松龙、氟尼缩松、曲安西龙丙酮化合物、倍氯米松二丙酸盐、布德松、氟替卡松丙酸盐和莫米松糠酸酯;
(r)类胰蛋白酶抑制剂;
(s)血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;
(t)对抗内源性炎症实体活性的单克隆抗体;
(u)IPL 576;
(v)抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)药,包括依那西普、英夫利昔单抗和D2E7;
(w)DMARDs,包括来氟米特;
(x)TCR肽;
(y)白介素转换酶(ICE)抑制剂;
(z)IMPDH抑制剂;
(aa)粘连分子抑制剂,包括VLA-4拮抗剂;
(bb)组织蛋白酶;
(cc)MAP激酶抑制剂;
(dd)葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂;
(ee)激肽-B1-和B2-受体拮抗剂;
(ff)含金硫基团和多个亲水基团形式的金;
(gg)免疫抑制剂,例如环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤和氨甲蝶呤;
(hh)抗痛风药,例如秋水仙碱;
(ii)黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,例如别嘌呤醇;
(jj)排尿酸药,例如丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮和苯溴马隆;
(kk)抗肿瘤药,尤其是抗有丝分裂药,包括长春花生物碱,如长春花碱和长春新碱;
(ll)生长激素促分泌药;
(mm)基质金属蛋白酶(MMP),即基质降解酶、胶原酶和白明胶酶,以及聚集蛋白聚糖酶;尤其是胶原酶-1(MMP-1)、胶原酶-2(MMP-8)、胶原酶-3(MMP-13)、基质降解酶-1(MMP-3)、基质降解酶-2(MMP-10)和基质降解酶-3(MMP-11);
(nn)转化生长因子(TGFβ);
(oo)血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF);
(pp)成纤维细胞生长因子,例如基础成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF);
(qq)粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF);
(rr)辣椒辣素;
(ss)选自NKP-608C、SB233412(他奈坦)和D-4418的速激肽NK1和NK3受体拮抗剂;
(tt)选自UT-77和ZD-0892的弹性蛋白酶抑制剂;
(uu)阿糖腺苷A2α受体激动剂。
药物组合物和制剂
下述说明涉及以下方式:式I化合物、当希望时可以是其与其它治疗药物或非治疗药物一起与在极大程度上为常规的可药用赋形剂联合,以形成适于不同给药途径的剂型,所述的剂型可用于任何给定的患者,并且适用于任何给定的所治疗患者的疾病、病理性紊乱或病情。
本发明的药物组合物含有任意一种或多种上述的本发明的抑制性化合物或其同样如上所述的可药用盐,以及具有本领域众所周知的赋形剂的性质和预期性能的可药用赋形剂。
与载体物质联合以形成单一剂型的活性成分的量可根据所治疗的患者和具体给药模式而变化。然而应当理解的是,对任意特定患者的具体剂量和治疗方案取决于多种因素,包括所用具体化合物的活性、年龄、体重、健康状况、性别、饮食、给药时间、排泄速率、药物联合以及治疗医师的判断和所治疗具体疾病的严重程度。活性成分的量也取决于与之共同给药的治疗药物或预防药物(如果有的话)。
可使用式I化合物的酸形式、酯形式或所述化合物所属的其它化合物化学类别。使用这些化合物的来源于各种有机和无机酸碱的可药用盐形式也同样在本发明的范围内。含优选化合物的活性成分通常可以以其盐的形式使用,尤其是当与所述活性成分的游离形式或以前所用的某些其它盐形式比较、所述盐形式使所述活性成分的药动学性质改善时。所述活性成分的可药用盐形式也可使所述活性成分具有其原本未有的预期药动学性质,并且,甚至可积极影响所述活性成分与其体内治疗活性有关的药动学。
所述活性成分可被有利影响的药动学性质包括,例如所述活性成分通过细胞膜转运的方式,该方式反过来可直接和积极影响所述活性成分的吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄。虽然药物组合物的给药途径很重要,并且各种解剖学、生理学和病理学因素可关键性地影响生物利用度,然而所述活性成分的溶解度通常取决于其所用的具体盐形式的性质。此外,如技术人员可以理解的,所述活性成分的水溶液使所述活性成分在所治疗患者体内的吸收速率最快,而脂类溶液、悬浮液和固体剂型使所述活性成分的吸收速率下降。出于安全、方便和经济的原因,式I化合物最优选的给药途径为口服摄入,然而该口服剂型的吸收可被物理性质如极性、胃肠道粘膜刺激引起的呕吐、消化酶和低pH破坏、当有食物或其它药物存在时的异常吸收或促进、以及粘膜酶代谢、肠道菌群代谢或肝代谢不利地影响。将所述活性成分制备成不同的可药用盐形式可有效地克服或缓和在口服剂型吸收中所遇到的一个或多个上述问题。
在上述可药用盐中,优选的盐包括但不局限于乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡甲胺、硝酸盐、油酸盐、膦酸盐、新戊酸盐、磷酸钠、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫代苹果酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和氨丁三醇。
当式I化合物含多于一个能形成所述可药用盐的基团时,多盐形式也包括在本发明的范围内。典型的多盐形式的实例包括但不局限于二酒石酸盐、二乙酸盐、二富马酸盐、二葡甲胺、二磷酸盐、二钠盐和三盐酸盐。
本发明的药物组合物含一或多种上述的抑制剂化合物或其同样如上所述的可药用盐,以及具有本领域众所周知的赋形剂的性质和预期性能的可药用赋形剂。
如这里所用的术语“赋形剂”包括可药用的稀释剂、载体、辅助剂、组分、增溶剂、粘度调节剂、防腐剂和技术人员所熟知的其它能使最终药物组合物具有有利性质的物质。为了解释所述赋形剂,以下给出了可用于本发明药物组合物的可药用载体的简述,其后更详细地说明了各种类型的成分。典型的载体包括但不以任何方式局限于离子交换组合物;氧化铝;硬脂酸铝;卵磷脂;血清蛋白,例如人血清蛋白;磷酸盐;甘氨酸;山梨酸;山梨酸钾;饱和植物脂肪酸的部分甘油酯混合物;氢化棕榈油;水;盐或电解质,例如硫酸醇溶蛋白、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钾、氯化钠和锌盐;胶态二氧化硅;三硅酸镁;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;纤维素类物质,例如羧甲基纤维素钠;聚乙二醇;聚丙烯酸酯;蜡;聚乙烯-聚氧丙烯嵌段聚合物;和羊毛脂。
更具体地,用于本发明的药物组合物的赋形剂包括各种级别和类别的、可彼此独立地选自下述段落中引用的添加剂。
可加入酸性化剂或碱性化剂以得到想要的或预定的pH,其包括酸性化剂,例如乙酸、冰醋酸、苹果酸和丙酸。也可使用强酸如盐酸、硝酸和硫酸,但不优选强酸。碱性化剂包括,例如依地醇、碳酸钾、氢氧化钾、四硼酸钠、碳酸钠和氢氧化钠。也可使用含活性氨基基团的碱性化剂,例如二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺。
当药物组合物作为强压下的气雾剂输送时,需要有气雾抛射剂。该抛射剂包括,例如可药用的氟氯烷烃类,如二氯二氟甲烷、二氯四氟乙烷和三氯一氟甲烷;氮气;挥发性碳氢化合物,如丁烷、丙烷、异丁烷或其混合物。
当药物组合物局部用于皮肤(所述皮肤可能有患病的不利情形或使皮肤接触到细菌、真菌或原生动物感染的持续擦伤或割伤)时,可加入抗微生物剂,包括抗细菌剂、抗真菌剂和抗原生动物药。抗微生物剂包括如苄醇、氯化丁醇、苯乙基醇、醋酸苯汞、山梨酸钾和山梨酸的化合物。抗真菌剂包括如苯甲酸、尼泊金丁酯、尼泊金乙酯、尼泊金甲酯、尼泊金丙酯和苯甲酸钠的化合物。
在本发明的药物组合物中加入抗微生物防腐剂,以防止它们生长可能有害的微生物,所述的有害微生物通常在水相中生长,但是在某些情况下也在组合物的油相中生长。因此,希望防腐剂同时具有水溶性和脂溶性。适宜的抗微生物防腐剂包括,例如对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯、丙酸盐、苯氧乙醇、尼泊金甲酯钠、尼泊金丙酯钠、脱氢乙酸钠、苯扎氯铵、氯化苄乙铵、苄醇、乙内酰脲衍生物、季铵化合物和阳离子聚合物、咪唑啉脲和乙二胺四乙酸三钠(EDTA)。优选防腐剂的用量为组合物总重量的约0.01%至约2.0%。
可加入抗氧化剂以使药物组合物的所有成分免受组合物本身或使用环境中存在的氧化剂破坏或降解,例如anoxomer、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、丁羟茴醚、丁羟甲苯、次磷酸、焦亚硫酸钾、没食子酸丙酯、辛酯和十二烷基酯、焦亚硫酸钠、二氧化硫和生育酚。
可使用缓冲物质以维持组合物的预期pH(一旦确定)免受外界物质以及组合物成分平衡移动的影响。缓冲物质可选自药物组合物制备中熟练技术人员所熟知的缓冲物质,例如乙酸钙、偏磷酸钾、磷酸二氢钾和酒石酸。
可使用螯合剂以辅助维持药物组合物的离子强度,并可结合和有效除去破坏性的化合物和金属,所述螯合剂包括,例如依地酸二钾、依地酸二钠和EDTA。
当局部使用本发明的药物组合物时,可加入皮肤病活性药物,包括,例如创伤愈合药物,如肽衍生物、酵母、泛醇、己雷琐辛、苯酚、盐酸四环素、核纤层蛋白和激动素;治疗皮肤癌的视黄醛类,如视黄醇、维A酸、异维A酸、阿维A酯、阿维A和arotinoid;治疗皮肤感染的温和抗菌剂,如间苯二酚、水杨酸、过氧化苯甲酰、红霉素-过氧化苯甲酰、红霉素和克林霉素;治疗体癣、脚癣、念珠菌病和花斑癣的抗真菌药,例如灰黄霉素、吡咯类如咪康唑、益康唑、伊曲康唑、氟康唑和酮康唑,以及丙烯胺如萘替芬和特非那芬;治疗皮肤单纯疱疹、带状疱疹和水痘的抗病毒药,例如阿昔洛韦、法昔洛韦和伐昔洛韦;治疗瘙痒,特应性皮炎和接触性皮炎的抗组胺药,如苯海拉明、特非那定、阿司咪唑、氯雷他定、西替利嗪、阿伐斯汀和替美斯汀;缓解疼痛、刺激和瘙痒的局部麻醉药,例如盐酸苯佐卡因、盐酸利多卡因、盐酸地步卡因和盐酸普莫卡因;缓解疼痛和炎症的局部止痛药,例如水杨酸甲酯、樟脑、薄荷脑和间苯二酚;预防感染的局部抗菌药,例如苯扎氯铵和聚维酮碘;和维生素及其衍生物,例如生育酚、醋酸维生素E、视黄酸和视黄醇。
可使用分散剂和助悬剂辅助稳定制剂的制备,其包括例如,聚吉南、聚维酮和二氧化硅。
润滑剂优选为非油且水溶性的,该润滑剂可柔软和润滑皮肤,特别是可柔软和润滑由于过度失水而变得干燥的皮肤。该润滑剂可与本发明中预局部使用的药物组合物联合使用,包括,例如烃油和蜡、甘油三酯、乙酰化单酸甘油酯、C10-C20脂肪酸的甲酯或其它烷基酯、C10-C20脂肪酸、C10-C20脂肪醇、羊毛酯及其衍生物、多元醇酯如聚乙二醇(200-600),聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、蜡酯、磷脂类和甾醇;用于制备水包油乳剂的乳化剂;赋形剂,如月桂氮卓酮和聚乙二醇甲基醚;湿润剂,如山梨醇,甘油和透明质酸;软膏基质,如凡士林、聚乙二醇、羊毛脂和泊洛沙姆;渗透促进剂,如二甲基异山梨醇酯、二乙基-乙二醇单乙基醚,1-十二烷基氮杂-环庚基-2-酮,和二甲亚砜(DMSO);防腐剂,例如苯扎氯铵、氯化苄乙铵、对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯、乙内酰脲衍生物、氯化十六烷基吡啶、尼泊金丙酯、季铵化合物如苯甲酸钾和硫柳汞;含环糊精的多价螯合剂;溶剂,例如丙酮、乙醇、叔戊醇、丁醇、玉米油、棉花籽油、乙酸乙酯、甘油、己二醇、异丙醇、异硬脂醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、矿物油、花生油、磷酸、聚乙二醇、聚氧丙烯15硬脂醚、丙二醇、丙二醇二乙酸酯、芝麻油和纯水;稳定剂,例如糖二酸钙和百里酚;表面活性剂,例如拉匹氯铵;聚乙二醇单十二醚4,即α-十二烷基-ω-羟基-聚(氧基-1,2-乙二基)或聚乙二醇单月桂醚。
乳化剂,包括乳化和增稠剂以及乳剂助剂,可用于制备水包油型乳剂,所述的乳剂形成本发明的药物组合物的基质。该乳化剂包括,例如非离子型乳化剂,如C10-C20脂肪醇以及所述脂肪醇与2至20摩尔环氧乙烷或环氧丙烷的缩合产物、2至20摩尔环氧乙烷与(C6-C12)烷基苯酚的缩合产物、乙二醇的单和二(C10-C20)脂肪酸酯、C10-C20脂肪酸单酸甘油酯、二甘醇、分子量为200-6000的聚乙二醇、分子量为200-3000的聚丙二醇和特别是山梨醇、脱水山梨糖醇、聚氧乙烯山梨醇、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇、亲水性蜡酯、十八醇十六醇混合物、油醇、羊毛酯醇、胆固醇、甘油单酯和甘油二酯、甘油单硬脂酸酯、聚乙二醇单硬脂酸酯、乙二醇和聚氧乙烯的混和单和二硬脂酸酯、1,2-丙二醇单硬脂酸酯和羟丙基纤维素。也可使用含活性氨基基团的乳化剂,其典型地包括阳离子型乳化剂,如脂肪酸皂,例如C10-C20脂肪酸的钠皂、钾皂和三乙醇胺皂;碱金属、铵或取代铵的(C10-C30)烷基硫酸盐、(C10-C30)烷基磺酸盐和(C10-C50)烷基乙氧基醚磺酸盐。其它适宜的乳化剂包括蓖麻油和氢化蓖麻油;卵磷脂;和通过蔗糖和/或季戊四醇的烯丙基醚交联的2-丙烯酸聚合物与丙烯酸聚合物,其具有不同的粘度,以产品名卡波姆910、934、934p、940、941和1342区分。也可使用具有活性氨基基团的阳离子型乳化剂,包括基于季铵离子、吗啉正离子和吡啶阳离子化合物的乳化剂。同样,也可使用具有活性氨基基团的两性乳化剂,如椰油甜菜碱、月桂二甲胺氧化物和椰油基咪唑啉。有用的乳化和增稠剂也包括十六醇和硬脂酸钠;和乳剂助剂如油酸、硬脂酸和硬脂醇。
赋形剂包括,例如月桂氮卓酮和聚乙二醇单甲醚。当本发明的药物组合物用于局部使用时,可使用渗透促进剂,所述的渗透促进剂包括,例如二甲基异山梨醇酯、二乙基-乙二醇-单乙醚、1-十二烷基氮杂环庚-2-酮和二甲亚砜(DMSO)。该组合物也可典型地包括软膏型基质,例如凡士林、聚乙二醇、羊毛酯和泊洛沙姆,所述泊洛沙姆为聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯的嵌段共聚物,并且也可用作表面活性剂或乳化剂。
可使用防腐剂以防止本发明的药物组合物受到周围微生物的破坏性攻击,其包括,例如苯扎氯铵、氯化苄乙铵、对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯、乙内酰脲衍生物、氯化十六烷基吡啶、硫化甘油、苯酚、苯氧乙醇、尼泊金甲酯、咪唑烷基脲、脱氢乙酸钠、尼泊金丙酯、季铵化合物、尤其是聚合物如聚塞氯铵、苯甲酸钾、甲醛合次硫酸钠、丙酸钠和硫柳汞。
可使用多价螯合剂来改善本发明的药物组合物的稳定性,其包括,例如能与多数物质形成包合物的天然环状寡糖家族且具有不同环大小的环糊精,环上具有6-、7-和8-个葡糖残基的环糊精通常分别称之为α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精。适宜的环糊精包括,例如α-环糊精、β-环糊精、γ-环糊精、δ-环糊精和阳离子型环糊精。
可用于制备本发明的药物组合物的溶剂包括,例如,丙酮、乙醇、水合戊醛、丁醇、玉米油、棉花籽油、乙酸乙酯、甘油、己二醇、异丙醇、异硬脂醇、甲醇、二氯甲烷、矿物油、花生油、磷酸、聚乙二醇、聚氧丙烯15硬脂醚、丙二醇、丙二醇二乙酸酯、芝麻油和纯水。
适用的稳定剂包括,例如,糖二酸钙和百里酚。在局部用制剂中可典型地使用增稠剂,以得到预期的粘度和可操作性质,所述增稠剂包括,例如,十六烷基酯蜡、肉豆蔻醇、石蜡油、合成石蜡油、乳化蜡、微晶体蜡、白蜡和黄蜡。
常使用糖以使本发明的药物组合物具有多种想要的性质以及改善得到的结果,所述糖包括,例如单糖、双糖和多糖,如葡萄糖、木糖、果糖、reose、核糖、戊糖、阿拉伯糖、阿洛糖、塔罗糖、阿蜀糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、乳糖、蔗糖、赤藓糖、甘油醛或其任意的组合。
可使用表面活性剂来提高本发明的多组分药物组合物的稳定性,增强这些组合物现有的性质,并赋予所述组合物新的性质。表面活性剂可用作润湿剂、减少水表面张力的消泡剂和乳化剂、分散剂和渗透促进剂,包括,例如拉匹氯铵;聚乙二醇单十二醚4,即α-十二烷基-ω-羟基-聚(氧基-1,2-乙二基)或聚乙二醇单月桂醚;聚乙二醇单十二醚9,即每个分子平均有9个环氧乙烷基团的聚乙二醇单月桂醚;单乙醇胺;壬苯醇醚4、9和10,即聚乙二醇单(对壬基苯基)醚;壬苯醇醚15,即α-(对壬基苯基)-ω-羟基-十五(氧乙烯基);壬苯醇醚30,即α-(对壬基苯基)-ω-羟基三十(氧乙烯基);泊洛沙林,即聚乙烯聚丙烯二醇非离子型聚合物,MW接近于3000;泊洛沙姆,参见上述软膏型基质的讨论;聚烃氧基(8)、(40)和(50)硬脂酸酯,即聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α-氢-ω-羟基-十八烷酸酯;聚烃氧基10油醚,即聚(氧-1,2-乙二基),α[(Z)-9-十八烷基-ω-羟基-;聚山梨酯20,即脱水山梨糖醇,单十二烷酸酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基);聚山梨酯40,即脱水山梨糖醇,单十六烷酸酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基);聚山梨酯60,即脱水山梨糖醇,单十八烷酸酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基);聚山梨酯65,即脱水山梨糖醇,三-十八烷酸酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基);聚山梨酯80,即脱水山梨糖醇,单-9-单癸烯酸酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基);聚山梨酯85,即脱水山梨糖醇,三-9-十八碳烯酸酯,聚(氧-1,2-乙二基);十二烷基硫酸钠;脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇单棕酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯;脱水山梨糖醇三油酸酯;和脱水山梨糖醇三硬脂酸酯。
本发明的药物组合物可使用具有普通技能的技术人员所熟知的非常直观的方法制备。当本发明的药物组合物仅仅是水溶液和/或其它溶剂的溶液时,总组合物中的各种成分可以以任何实施顺序混合,其主要是考虑便利而确定。可将水溶性小、但在同一含水助溶剂中具有足够溶解度的所有成分溶解于所述助溶剂中,之后将助溶剂溶液加入赋形剂中的水中,从而使其中溶解的物质溶解于水中。可采用表面活性剂辅助该分散或溶解过程。
当本发明的药物组合物为乳剂形式时,药物组合物的成分可按照下述常规方法混合。首先将连续水相加热至约60℃至约95℃,优选约70℃至约95℃,所用温度的选择取决于构成水包油乳剂的成分的理化性质。一旦连续水相达到所选择的温度,则将最终组合物中此时应加入的成分与水混合,并快速搅拌使之分散。接着,使水温大约恢复至其原水平,之后将下一阶段所包括的成分加入缓和搅拌的组合混合物中,并连续混合约5至约60分钟,优选约10至约30分钟,混合时间取决于前两个阶段的成分。之后,将组合混合物的温度逐渐或快速冷却至约20℃至约55℃,加入剩余的任何成分,之后加入足够量的水,使之达到在总组合物中的原预定浓度。
根据本发明,药物组合物可以是无菌注射制剂的形式,例如无菌注射水或油状悬浮液。该悬浮液可按照本领域已知的技术使用适宜的分散或润湿剂和悬浮剂来制备。无菌注射制剂也可以是在无毒非胃肠道可用的稀释剂或溶剂、例如1,3-丁二醇中的无菌注射溶液或悬浮液。在可接受的载体和溶剂中,可采用水、林格溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,也可常规采用无菌的稳定油作为溶剂或悬浮介质。为此目的,可使用任何中级稳定油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。和天然可药用油(如橄榄油或蓖麻油,尤其是其聚氧乙基化形式)一样,脂肪酸、例如油酸及其甘油酯衍生物可用于制备注射剂。这些油溶液或悬浮液也可含长链醇稀释剂或分散剂,如RH、HClX或类似的醇。
本发明的药物组合物可以以任意可口服的剂型口服给药,所述的可口服剂型包括但不局限于胶囊、片剂、水悬浮液或溶液。当为口服片剂时,常规使用的载体包括乳糖和玉米淀粉。也可典型地加入润滑剂,如硬脂酸镁。对于口服胶囊,有用的稀释剂包括乳糖和干燥玉米淀粉。当为口服悬浮液时,将活性成分与乳化剂和悬浮剂混合。如果希望的话,也可加入某种甜味剂、矫味剂或着色剂。然而,本发明的药物组合物可以以栓剂形式直肠给药。其可通过将药物与适宜的非刺激性赋形剂混合而制备,其中所述的赋形剂在室温下为固态,而在直肠温度下为液态,因此其在直肠中可熔化以释放药物。该物质包括可可脂、蜂蜡和聚乙二醇。
本发明的药物组合物也可以局部给药,尤其是所治疗的靶点包括局部应用易于到达的表面或器官时,包括眼部、皮肤或较低肠道的疾病。可制备适宜的局部用制剂用于这些表面或器官。
在较低肠道的局部应用可通过如上所述的直肠栓剂制剂进行,或者以适宜的灌肠剂进行。也可使用局部活性的透皮贴剂。
对于局部应用,可将该药物组合物制成含有悬浮或溶解在一种或多种赋形剂中的活性成分的适宜软膏。用于本发明的化合物局部给药的赋形剂包括但不局限于矿物油、液体石蜡、白凡士林、丙二醇、聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯化合物、乳化蜡和水。然而,可将该药物组合物制成含有悬浮或溶解在一种或多种可药用载体中的活性成分的适宜洗液或膏霜。适宜的赋形剂包括但不局限于矿物油、脱水山梨醇单硬脂酸酯、聚山梨酯、十六烷基酯蜡、十六醇、2-辛基十二醇、苄醇和水。
本化合物范围内的药物组合物包括下述药物组合物:其以适于全身给药的剂型提供治疗有效量的、含有治疗或预防由PDE IV活性控制介导的或与之有关的疾病、病理性紊乱和病情(如此处所述)所需的式I化合物的活性成分。该药物组合物含适宜液体形式的所述活性成分,以下述方式转运:(1)动脉内、真皮内或透皮、皮下、肌肉内、脊内、鞘内或静脉内注射或输注,其中所述活性成分:(a)作为溶质含在溶液中;(b)含在乳剂的非连续相或在注射或输液时发生相逆转的相逆转乳剂的非连续相中,所述的乳剂含有适宜的乳化剂;或(c)以胶体或微粒形式作为悬浮固体含在悬浮液中,所述悬浮液含有适宜的悬浮剂;(2)作为药物储库注射或输注入适宜的身体组织或腔内,其中所述组合物可存储所述活性成分,并且随后使所述活性成分以延迟释放、缓释和/或控释的方式释放以达到全身分布;(3)所述药物组合物以适宜的固态形式滴入、吸入或吹入适宜的身体组织或腔内,其中所述活性成分:(a)包含在固体植入组合物中,使所述活性成分延迟释放、缓释和/或控释;(b)包含在供吸入肺的特定组合物中;或(c)包含在供吹入适宜的身体组织或腔内的特定组合物中,其中所述组合物可选能使所述活性成分延迟释放、缓释和/或控释;或(4)摄入适宜的用于经口输送所述活性成分的固体或液体形式的药物组合物,其中所述活性成分含在固体剂型中;或(b)包含在液体剂型中。
上述药物组合物的具体剂型包括(1)作为特殊类型植入剂的栓剂,含在室温下为固态而在体温下熔化的基质,其可将所含的活性成分缓慢释放至体内的周边组织,该活性成分在此处被吸收并转运,从而完成全身给药;(2)选自下组的固体口服剂型:(a)延迟释放的口服片剂、胶囊、囊形片、糖锭、锭剂和多颗粒体系;(b)肠包衣片和胶囊,其可防止药物在胃内释放和吸收而使之到达所治疗患者远离胃的部分;(c)缓释口服片、胶囊和微粒,其能在达24个小时的时间内以控制释放的方式全身转运活性成分;(d)速溶片;(e)软胶囊(encapsulated solution);(f)口腔贴片;(g)掺入所治疗患者的食物中的颗粒形式;和(h)选自溶液、悬浮液、乳剂、逆乳、酏剂、浸膏、酊剂和浓缩液的液体口服剂型。
本发明范围内的药物组合物包括下述药物组合物:其以适于局部给药的剂型提供药物有效量的、含有治疗或预防由PDE IV活性控制介导的或与之有关的疾病、紊乱和病情(如此处所述)所需的式I化合物的活性成分,其中所述药物组合物含有适宜的液态形式的所述活性成分,用于通过下述方式转运活性成分:(1)通过动脉内、关节内、软骨内、肋内、囊内、真皮内或透皮、束内、韧带内、髓内、肌肉内、鼻内、神经内、眼内(如眼睛给药)、骨内、骨盆内、心包内、脊柱内、胸骨内、滑膜腔内、跗骨内或鞘内对局部部位注射或输注;包括将所述活性成分延迟释放、控释和/或缓释至所述局部部位的成分;其中所述活性成分:(a)作为溶质含在溶液中;(b)含在乳剂的非连续相或在注射或输液时发生相逆转的相逆转乳剂的非连续相中,所述的乳剂含有适宜的乳化剂;或(c)以胶体或微粒形式作为悬浮固体含在悬浮液中,所述悬浮液含有适宜的悬浮剂;或(2)作为药物储库将活性成分转运至所述局部部位的注射液或输液,其中所述组合物可存储所述活性成分,并且因此使所述活性成分向所述局部部位延迟释放、缓释和/或控释,并且其中所述组合物还含有能确保所述活性成分主要在局部起作用而具有较少全身活性的成分;或者其中所述药物组合物含有在适宜固体剂型中以下述方式转运所述抑制剂的所述活性成分;(3)向所述局部部位滴入、吸入或吹入,其中所述活性成分包含在:(a)置于所述局部部位的固体植入组合物中,所述组合物可选能使所述活性成分向所述局部部位延迟释放、缓释和/或控释;(b)可吸入至局部部位包括肺的特定组合物中;或(c)可吹入至局部部位的特定组合物中,其中所述组合物含有能确保所述活性成分主要在局部起作用而全身活性不明显的成分,并且可选能使所述活性成分向所述局部部位延迟释放、缓释和/或控释。对于眼部应用,可将该药物组合物制成在等渗、PH调节过的无菌盐水中的微粉化悬浮液,或者优选制成在等渗、PH调节过的无菌盐水中的溶液,其可含有或不含有防腐剂,如苄扎氯铵。可选地,对于眼部应用,可将药物组合物配制在软膏中,如凡士林。
本发明的药物组合物也可使用喷雾器、干粉吸入装置或分配吸入装置、以鼻腔气雾剂或吸入剂给药。该组合物可根据药物制剂领域中众所周知的技术制备,并且可使用苄醇或其它适宜的防腐剂、提高生物利用度的吸收促进剂、氟代烃和/或其它常规增溶剂或分散剂将其制备成盐水溶液。
如已经提到的,本发明的式I化合物可以以适宜液体形式的药物组合物形式通过注射或输注对所治疗的患者全身给药。患者体内有多个部位和器官系统,一旦注射或输注了适当制备的药物组合物,这些部位和器官系统能使药物组合物渗透所治疗患者的整个身体和所有器官系统。注射剂为通常通过注射器注入有关组织的单剂量药物组合物。注射剂最常规的类型为肌肉内、静脉注射和皮下注射。作为对照,输液是将药物组合物逐渐输入所涉及的组织内。输液最常规的类型为静脉输液。其它类型的注射剂或输液包括动脉内、真皮内或透皮(包括皮下)或脊柱内,尤其是鞘内。在这些液体药物组合物中,活性成分可作为溶质包含在溶液中。这是该组合物最常规和最优选的类型,但是其需要活性成分为具有较好水溶性的盐形式。水(或盐水)为该组合物至今最优选的溶剂。偶尔也可使用过饱和溶液,但是这样会出现使其不适于每天使用的稳定性问题。
如果不能得到具有必需水溶解度的某个优选化合物,如经常发生的那样,则制备乳剂是在技术人员的技能范围内的,所述乳剂为一种液体的小液滴(非连续相或内相)分散在第二种液体(连续相或外相)中,且两者不相混合。可使用可药用乳化剂使两种液体维持在乳化状态。因此,如果活性成分为水不溶性的油,其可以以乳剂的非连续相给药。同样当活性成分为水不溶性、但可溶于与水不互溶的溶剂中时,也可使用乳剂。虽然活性成分可最常规地用作称之为水包油乳剂的非连续相或内相,但也可用作相逆转乳剂(通常称之为油包水乳剂)的非连续相或外相。此外活性成分可溶于水中,并且以简单的水溶液给药。然而,该类型的相逆转乳剂在注射或输注到含水介质如血液中时会发生相逆转,与使用水溶液相比,其具有将活性成分更快速和更有效地分散于水性介质中的优点。可使用本领域所熟知的适宜可药用乳化剂来制备相逆转乳剂。
当活性成分的水溶性有限时,也可以以在悬浮液中的胶体或微粒形式的悬浮固体给药,所述悬浮液用适宜的可药用悬浮剂制备。也可将含活性成分的悬浮固体制备成延迟释放、缓释和/或控释的组合物。
虽然全身给药最常通过注射或输注液体进行,然而在很多情况下,将活性成分以固体转运是有利的,甚至是必须的。固体全身给药可通过滴入、吸入或吹入含活性成分的适宜固体形式的药物组合物进行。滴入活性成分可使滴入的固体植入组合物到达适宜的身体组织或腔内。植入剂可含有生物兼容和生物可降解的骨架,其中固体活性成分颗粒分散于其中,或者如果可能,液态活性成分的液滴或单独小胞分散于其中。希望基质能被破坏并被身体完全吸收。还优选骨架组合物能使活性物质在较长时间内、甚至是几个月时间内延迟释放、缓释和/或控释。
术语“植入剂”通常指含活性成分的固体药物组合物,而术语“储库”通常指含活性成分的液体药物组合物,其可沉积在任意适宜的身体组织或腔内以形成可缓慢转移至周边组织和器官、并最终达到全身分布的储库或池。然而,这些差别在本领域并不一定严格地遵守,并且因此,可认为液体植入剂和固体储库、甚至是混合的固体及液体形式也包括在本发明的范围内。可认为栓剂是植入剂的一种,因为它们含有在室温下为固态而在患者体温下熔融、从而将它们所含的活性成分缓慢释放至患者体内的周边组织、在那里活性成分被吸收并转运以完成全身给药的基质。
全身给药也可通过粉末、即含活性成分的微粒组合物吸入或吹入来完成。例如,通过常规的微粒制剂喷雾装置将粉末形式的活性成分吸入至肺中。作为微粒形式的活性成分也可通过简单的吹或使用常规微粒制剂喷雾装置、以吹入法(如吹入)或别的方式使之分散于适宜的身体器官或腔内给药。也可根据众所周知的原则和已知的物质将这些微粒组合物制成能延迟释放、缓释和/或控释的制剂。
其它可使用液体或固体形式的本发明的活性成分的全身给药方式包括透皮、鼻腔内和眼睛途径。具体地,可根据众所周知的药物转运技术制备透皮贴剂,并且可用于所治疗患者的皮肤,之后,活性成分由于其制备可溶性而穿过患者皮肤的表皮到达真皮层,在那儿其构成患者全身循环的一部分,最终使活性成分在预期较长时间内达到全身分布。也包括置于皮肤表皮层下、即置于所治疗患者皮肤的表皮和真皮之间的植入剂。该植入剂可根据转运领域中众所周知的原则和常用物质来制备,并且可将其制成能使活性成分延迟释放、缓释和/或控释至患者的全身循环中的剂型。该表皮下(表皮下)植入剂具有与透皮贴剂相同的使用便利和转运效力,而没有由于接触患者皮肤的表层而造成的降解、损害或意外除去的限制。
在上述含优选化合物的药物组合物的描述中,对这些药物组合物采用了“给药”的多种等同的表达方式。当使用这些表达时,意欲指对需要治疗的患者以此处描述的任意给药途径提供本发明的药物组合物,其中所述活性成分为优选的化合物,或其能有效治疗所述患者中由PDE IV活性调节介导的或与之有关的疾病、病理性紊乱或病情的前药、衍生物或代谢物。相应地,其他任何通过对患者给药能直接或间接地得到优选化合物的化合物也包括在本发明的范围内。可将该化合物看作是前药,并且可用多种即定的方法制备优选化合物的该前药形式。
可有效治疗或预防由PDE IV活性控制介导的或与之有关的疾病、病理性紊乱或病情的化合物的剂量和剂量速率取决于多种因素,如抑制剂的性质、患者体重、治疗目标、所治疗病变的性质、所用的具体药物组合物、以及治疗医师的观察和结论。
例如,当剂型为口服剂型如片或胶囊时,式I化合物适宜的剂量水平为每天约0.1μg/kg至约50.0mg/kg体重、优选为每天约5.0μg/kg至约5.0mg/kg体重、更优选为每天约10.0μg/kg至约1.0mg/kg体重、最优选为每天约20.0μg/kg至约0.5mg/kg体重的活性成分。
当剂型是用于对支气管和肺局部给药、例如通过粉末吸入或喷雾剂方式给药时,化合物适宜的剂量水平为每天约0.001μg/kg至约10.0mg/kg体重、优选为每天约0.5μg/kg至约0.5mg/kg体重、更优选为每天约1.0μg/kg至约0.1mg/kg体重、最优选为每天约2.0μg/kg至约0.05mg/kg体重的活性成分。
使用代表性的体重10kg和100kg来解释如上所述的、可使用的每日口服剂量的范围,式I化合物适宜的剂量水平为每天约1.0-10.0μg至500.0-5000.0mg、优选为每天约50.0-500.0μg至约50.0-500.0mg、更优选为每天约100.0-1000.0μg至约10.0-100.0mg、最优选为每天约200.0-2000.0μg至约5.0-50.0mg的含优选化合物的活性成分。这些剂量范围给出了对指定患者每日活性成分的总剂量。每天剂量给予的次数取决于药理学和药动学因素,如活性成分的半衰期(其可反映其代谢速率和清除速率)以及治疗所需的、在患者中所述活性成分达到的最小和最佳血药浓度或其它体液中的浓度。
在确定每日剂量数目和每剂量给予的活性成分的量时,必须考虑多种其它因素。在这些其它因素中相当重要的是所治疗患者的个体响应。因此,例如,当活性成分用于治疗或预防哮喘并通过喷雾吸入至肺局部给药时,每天可给予含自动备给或配药装置、即吸入剂“一喷”的一至四个剂量。每次剂量含约50.0μg至约10.0mg的活性成分。
本发明还涉及含有至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、和立体异构体,包括其各种比例的混合物,以及需要时含有赋形剂和/或辅助剂的药物。
本发明还涉及含有至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、和立体异构体,包括其各种比例的混合物以及至少一种其它药物活性成分的药物。
本发明还涉及含有下述单独包装的成套包装(或试剂盒):(a)有效量的式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,和(b)有效量的其它药物活性成分。
该成套包装包括适宜的容器,例如盒子、单独的小瓶、袋或安瓿。该成套包装例如含有单独的安瓿,每个安瓿含溶解或冷冻干燥形式的有效量的式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物和立体异构体,包括其各种比例的混合物,以及有效量的其它药物活性成分。
上下文中所有的温度均以℃给出。在下述实施例中,“常规处理”指如果需要,加入水;如果需要,根据终产品的组成,将pH调节为2至10;混合物用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取,分离各相,有机相用硫酸钠干燥并蒸发;残余物用硅胶色谱法和/或结晶进行纯化。
质谱 (MS) (电子碰撞电离) M+
FAB (快原子轰击) (M+H)+
实施例1
1.1在搅拌和冷却下将3.5ml氯乙酰氯滴加到9.8g(1)和3.8ml吡啶于100ml二氯甲烷(DCM)中的溶液中,并将该混合物在室温下继续搅拌16小时。进行常规处理得到6.1g(2)。
1.2将5.8g(2)加到3.045g N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺和3.3g碳酸钾于35ml 1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中的溶液中,并将该混合物在50℃下继续搅拌4小时。进行常规处理得到4.8g(3)。
1.3将700mg乙醇胺加到4.8g(3)于200ml乙酸乙酯中的溶液中,并将该混合物在60℃下搅拌2小时。进行常规处理得到2.8g(4)。
1.4将44.3mg 4-甲氧基苯甲醛加到0.1g(4)和0.02ml冰乙酸于10ml乙醇中的溶液中,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。
除去溶剂,残余物与乙醚一起搅拌,吸滤并用乙醚洗涤,得到110mg化合物4-甲氧基苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}-肟(I-A-1;参见表1)。
式I-A、I-B和I-C化合物
表1
No. | R1 | R2 | R3 | B | 注释 |
I-A-1 | OMe | OEt | H | 4-甲氧基苯基 | |
I-A-2 | OMe | OEt | H | 苯基 | |
I-A-3 | OMe | OEt | H | 4-羟基苯基 | |
I-A-4 | OMe | OEt | H | 吡啶-4-基 | |
I-A-5 | OMe | OEt | H | 吡啶-4-基N-氧化物 | |
I-B-1 | OMe | OPr | H | 4-甲氧基苯基 | |
I-B-2 | OMe | OPr | H | 苯基 | |
I-B-3 | OMe | OPr | H | 吡啶-4-基 | |
I-B-4 | OMe | OPr | H | 吡啶-4-基N-氧化物 | |
I-B-5 | OMe | OPr | H | 4-硝基苯基 | |
I-C-1 | OMe | OEt | H | 4-BOC-氨基苯基 | |
I-C-2 | OMe | OEt | H | 4-氨基苯基 | |
I-C-3 | OMe | OEt | H | 4-[(CN)2C=N-NH]-苯基 | |
I-C-4 | OMe | OEt | H | 3-[(CN)2C=N-NH]-苯基 | |
I-C-5 | OMe | OPr | H | 4-[(CN)2C=N-NH]-苯基 |
Me=甲基;Et=乙基;Pr=丙基
将(4)与
苯甲醛,
4-羟基苯甲醛,
吡啶-4-甲醛,
吡啶N-氧化物4-甲醛,
进行类似的反应得到下列化合物:
I-A-2,
I-A-3,
I-A-4,
I-A-5。
实施例2
类似于实施例1,将(5)
与
4-甲氧基苯甲醛,
苯甲醛,
吡啶-4-甲醛,
吡啶N-氧化物4-甲醛,
4-硝基苯甲醛,
反应得到下列式I-B化合物(表1):
I-B-1,
I-B-2,
I-B-3,
I-B-4,
I-B-5。
实施例3
3.1类似于实施例1,将(4)与4-BOC-氨基苯甲醛反应得到化合物I-C-1(表1)。
3.2于二噁烷中用HCl除去BOC保护基得到I-C-2。
3.3将270mg I-C-2加到0.6ml 25%HCl于10ml水的溶液中。将该混合物冷却至-2℃,加入48.3g NaNO2并将该混合物继续搅拌1小时。然后加入43.5mg丙二腈,并将该混合物在室温下继续搅拌1小时。混合物用饱和乙酸钠溶液调至pH5,滤出沉淀物,用水洗涤并在50℃下干燥16小时。
将等摩尔量的0.5N KOH/甲醇加到滤液中,并将该混合物蒸发。残余物用乙醇重结晶。得到230mg 2-{[4-({2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}丙二腈,钾盐(I-C-3)。
类似地得到下列化合物:
2-{[3-({2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}丙二腈,钾盐(I-C-4)和
2-{[3-({2-[3-(3-丙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}丙二腈,钾盐(I-C-5)。
实施例4
4.1将293mg苯甲酰甲酸加到600mg(4)于乙醇/冰乙酸的溶液中,并将该混合物在室温下搅拌16小时。蒸除溶剂,残余物与乙醚一起搅拌,吸滤并用乙醚洗涤,得到800mg化合物{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}-2-苯基乙酸(I-D-1;表2)。
式I-D化合物
表2
No. | R1 | R2 | R3 | B | 注释 |
I-D-1 | OMe | OEt | COOH | 苯基 | |
I-D-2 | OMe | OEt | N-(1-甲基-哌啶-4-基)-N-甲基氨基-羰基 | 苯基 | |
I-D-3 | OMe | OEt | 4-甲基-哌嗪-羰基 | 苯基 | |
I-D-4 | OMe | OEt | N,N-二甲基氨基-乙基氨基羰基 | 苯基 |
Me=甲基;Et=乙基;Pr=丙基
4.2将I-D-1进一步与下列的胺
1-甲基-4-(甲基氨基)哌啶,
4-甲基哌嗪,
2-二甲基氨基乙胺
反应得到下列化合物:
2-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}-N-甲基-N-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-2-苯基乙酰胺(I-D-2)
1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-2-苯基乙烷-1,2-二酮2-(O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟(I-D-3)
I-D-3,
N-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)-2-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}-2-苯基乙酰胺(I-D-4)
实施例5
将500mg I-C-3、66mg氯化铵、81mg叠氮化钠和催化量的氯化锂于4ml DMF中的溶液在120℃下搅拌24小时。用常规方法进行处理,然后将干燥的结晶再溶解在甲醇中。加入1当量KOH/甲醇。除去溶剂并将乙酸乙酯/乙醚加到该残余物中。得到:460mg化合物2-{[4-({2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}-2-(1H-四唑-5-基)乙腈,钾盐(I-E-1)。
实施例I:式I化合物对T-细胞增殖的作用
通过Lymphoprep梯度方法,从健康供体的血中分离出外周血单核细胞(PBMC)。在37℃和10%CO2下,将96孔扁平微量滴定板各孔中的200,000个PBMC于含有5%加热灭活人血清的RPMI 1640培养基(AB池)中培养5天。用单克隆抗体选择性地刺激PBMC样品中T-细胞的抗CD3作用。一式三份制备培养物,包括未处理的对照组。
将式I化合物以10-2M的浓度溶解在DMSO中并用培养基稀释。对照培养物用相当于抑制剂浓度的DMSO处理。在分析结束前18小时将3H-胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷加到培养物中。然后用β计数器测定细胞内摄入的放射性。以不含抑制剂的对照的抑制百分数(平均值±SFN)计算至少三次独立实验的值。用这些值测定IC50值。
实施例II:式I化合物对人外周血单核细胞产生细胞因子的影响
通过Lymphoprep梯度方法,从健康供体的血中分离出外周血单核细胞(PBMC)。在37℃和10%CO2下,将96孔扁平微量滴定板各孔中的200,000个PBMC于含有5%加热灭活人血清的RPMI 1640培养基(AB池)中培养。一式三份制备培养物,包括对照组。制备10-2M浓度的式I化合物的DMSO溶液并用培养基稀释。对照培养物用相当于抑制剂浓度的DMSO处理。收集来自三次独立实验的培养物上清液,并用商购ELISA试验试剂盒测定上清液中的细胞因子活性。以不含化合物的对照的抑制/刺激百分数计算数据。用这些数据测定IC50值或EC50值。
以下实施例涉及药物制剂:
实施例A:注射小瓶
将100g式I的活性成分和5g磷酸氢二钠于3升双蒸水中的溶液用2N盐酸调节pH至6.5,无菌过滤,转入注射小瓶中,在无菌条件下冷冻干燥,并在无菌条件下封口。每个注射小瓶含5mg活性成分。
实施例B:栓剂
将20g式I的活性成分与100g大豆卵磷脂和1400g可可脂一起熔融,倒入模具中并使其冷却。每枚栓剂含20mg活性成分。
实施例C:溶液剂
制备1g式I的活性成分、9.38g NaH2PO4·2H2O、28.48gNa2HPO4·12H2O和0.1g苯扎氯铵于940ml双蒸水中的溶液。调节pH至6.8,将溶液定容至1升,辐射灭菌。该溶液可以以滴眼剂形式使用。
实施例D:软膏剂
在无菌条件下,将500mg式I的活性成分与99.5g凡士林混合。
实施例E:片剂
将1kg式I的活性成分、4kg乳糖、1.2kg马铃薯淀粉、0.2kg滑石粉和0.1kg硬脂酸镁的混合物以常规方法压制成片剂,每片含10mg活性成分。
实施例F:包衣片
用与实施例E相似的方法压制片剂,然后以常规方法用包含蔗糖、马铃薯淀粉、滑石粉、黄蓍胶和染料的包衣剂进行包衣。
实施例G:胶囊剂
以常规方法将2kg式I的活性成分填充入硬明胶胶囊中,每粒胶囊含20mg活性成分。
实施例H:安瓿剂
将1kg式I的活性成分于60升双蒸水中的溶液无菌过滤,转入安瓿中,在无菌条件下冷冻干燥并在无菌条件下封口。每支安瓿含10mg活性成分。
Claims (26)
1.式I化合物
其中
R1和R2彼此独立地为H、OH、OR8、-SR8、-SOR8、-SO2R8或Hal,
R1和R2也可以合在一起为-OCH2O-或-OCH2CH2O-,
R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、COOA″R7、CONH2、CONHA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)、CONR10Het、NH2、NHA″R7、N(A″R7)(AR7)、NCOA″R7或NCOOA″R7,
B为芳香碳环或杂环基,其可以是未取代的或被R4、R5和/或R6单取代、二取代或三取代,
X为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基或2-8个碳原子的亚烯基,其中一、二或三个CH2基团可以被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NA″R7替换,1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,
R4、R5、R6彼此独立地为H、A″R7、OH、OA″R7、NO2、NH2、NHA″R7、N(A″R7)(AR7)、NHCOA″R7、NHCOOA″R7、NHCONH2、NHCONHA″R7、NHCON(A″R7)(AR7)、Hal、COOH、COOA″R7、CONH2、CONHA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7),
R7为H、COOH、COOA、CONH2、CONHA、CONAA′、NH2、NHA、NAA′、NCOA、NCOOA、OH或OA,
R8为A、含有3-7个碳原子的环烷基、含有4-8个碳原子的亚烷基环烷基或含有2-8个碳原子的链烯基,
R9为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基、含有3-7个碳原子的环烷基、含有4-8个碳原子的亚烷基环烷基或含有2-8个碳原子的链烯基,
其中一、二或三个CH2基团可以被O、S、SO、SO2、NH、NMe、NEt和/或-CH=CH-替换,1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,和/或1个H原子可被R7替换,
Y为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基或含有2-8个碳原子的亚烯基,其中一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NR9替换和/或1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,
A和A′彼此独立地为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基或含有2-8个碳原子链烯基,
其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NR9替换和/或1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,或芳基或Het,
A和A′也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH、NR9、NCOR9或NCOOR9替换,
A″和A彼此独立地不存在或为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基、含有2-8个碳原子的亚烯基或含有3-7个碳原子的亚环烷基,其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH或NR9替换和/或1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换,
A″和A也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中的一个、两个或三个CH2基团可被O、S、SO、SO2、NH、NR9、NCOR9或NCOOR9替换,
芳基为苯基、萘基、芴基或联苯基,它们均是未取代的或被Hal、R11、OR10、N(R10)2、NO2、CN、COOR10、CON(R10)2、NR10COR10、NR10CON(R10)2、NR10SO2A、COR10、SO2N(R10)2或S(O)mR11单取代、二取代或三取代,
R10为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
R11为含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
Het为含1-2个N、O和/或S原子的单环或二环饱和、不饱和或芳香杂环,其是未取代的或被羰基氧、Hal、R11、OR10、N(R10)2、NO2、CN、COOR10、CON(R10)2、NR10COR10、NR10CON(R10)2、NR10SO2R11、COR10、SO2NR10和/或S(O)mR11单取代或二取代,
Hal为F、Cl、Br或I,
m为0、1或2,
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
2.权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1和R2彼此独立地为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基,及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
3.权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1和R2彼此独立地为H、甲氧基、乙氧基、苄氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、二氟甲氧基、F、Cl、环戊氧基、环己氧基或环庚氧基,
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
4.权利要求1的化合物,其中
R1和R2彼此独立地为甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、环戊氧基或F,
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
5.权利要求1至4中一项或多项所述的化合物,其中
R1为4-甲氧基,
R2为3-乙氧基或3-丙氧基,
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
6.权利要求1至5中一项或多项所述的化合物,其中
R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)或CO-NR10-Het,
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
7.权利要求1至6中一项或多项所述的化合物,其中
X为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基。
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
8.权利要求1至7中一项或多项所述的化合物,其中
B为苯基、吡啶基、吡啶基N-氧化物、噻吩基、呋喃基、吡咯基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、异噁唑啉基、噁唑啉基、噻唑啉基、吡唑啉基、咪唑啉基、萘基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、酞嗪基、喹唑啉基或喹喔啉基,它们分别是未取代的或者可以被R4、R5和/或R6单取代、二取代或三取代;
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
11.权利要求1至10中一项或多项所述的化合物,其中
R1和R2彼此独立地是含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基,
X为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基,
R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)或CO-NR10-Het,
A″和A彼此独立地不存在或为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
A″和A也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
B为未取代的或被OR10、NO2、
NH2或NHCOOA″R7单取代的苯基,或未取代的吡啶基或吡啶基N-氧化物,
R7为H、COOH、NHA或NAA′,
R9为含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
R10为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
A和A′彼此独立地为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基,其中1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换;
Het为含有1-2个N原子的单环饱和杂环基,其可以被含有1-6个碳原子的烷基单取代或二取代;
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
12.权利要求1至11中一项或多项所述的化合物,其中
R1、R2彼此独立地为含有1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的烷氧基;
X为亚甲基、亚乙基、亚丙基或亚丁基;
R3为H、A″R7、COA″R7、CON(A″R7)(AR7)或CO-NR10-Het,
A″和A彼此独立地不存在或为含有1-10个碳原子的亚烷基,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
A″和A也可以合在一起为含有2-7个碳原子的亚烷基链,其中一个CH2基团可被NH或NR9替换;
B为未取代的或被OR10、NO2、
NH2或NHCOOA″R7单取代的苯基,或未取代的吡啶基或吡啶基N-氧化物,
R7为H、COOH、NHA或NAA′,
R9为含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
R10为H或含有1-6个碳原子的烷基,
A和A′彼此独立地为含有1-10个碳原子的烷基,其中1-7个H原子可被F和/或Cl替换;
Het为含有1-2个N原子的单环饱和杂环基,其可以被含有1-6个碳原子的烷基单取代或二取代;
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
13.权利要求1的式I化合物,选自
a)4-甲氧基苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
b)苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
c)4-羟基苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
d)吡啶-4-甲醛O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
e)1-氧吡啶-4-甲醛O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
f)4-甲氧基苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
g)苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
h)吡啶-4-甲醛O-{2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
i)1-氧吡啶-4-甲醛O-{2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
j)4-硝基苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
k)4-氨基苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
l)4-叔丁氧基羰基氨基苯甲醛O-{2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
m)2-{[4-({2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}丙二腈,
n)2-{[3-({2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}丙二腈,
o)2-{[4-({2-[3-(4-甲氧基-3-丙氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}丙二腈,
p){2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}-2-苯乙酸,
q)2-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}-N-甲基-N-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基)-2-苯乙酰胺,
r)1-(4-甲基哌嗪-1-基)-2-苯基乙烷-1,2-二酮2-(O-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙基}肟,
s)N-(2-二甲基氨基乙基)-2-{2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}-2-苯乙酰胺,
t)2-{[4-({2-[3-(3-乙氧基-4-甲氧基苯基)-5,6-二氢-4H-哒嗪-1-基]-2-氧代乙氧基亚氨基}甲基)苯基]亚肼基}-2-(1H-四唑-5-基)乙腈,
及其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物。
14.作为磷酸二酯酶IV抑制剂的权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的式I化合物。
15.制备式I化合物及其盐和溶剂化物的方法,其特征在于:
a)将式II化合物
其中
X、R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,
与式III化合物反应
其中
R3和B如权利要求1中所定义,前提条件是任何其他存在的OH和/或氨基都是被保护的,然后,如果需要的话,除去保护基,
或者
b)将式IV化合物
其中
R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,
与式V化合物反应
其中
L为Cl、Br、I或游离的或活性功能性修饰的OH基并且R3、X和B如权利要求1中所定义,前提条件是任何其他存在的OH和/或氨基都是被保护的,然后,如果需要的话,除去保护基,
或者
c)将式VI化合物
其中
X、R1和R2如权利要求1中所定义,并且
L为Cl、Br、I或游离的或活性功能性修饰的OH基,
与式VII化合物反应
其中
R3和B如权利要求1中所定义,前提条件是任何其他存在的OH和/或氨基都是被保护的,然后,如果需要的话,除去保护基,
或者
d)式I化合物中的一个或多个R1、R2、R3和/或B基团可通过
i)、酯或醚的裂解,
ii)、OH官能团的烷基化或酰基化,
iii)、氨基的还原性烷基化,
iv)、将氨基与丙二腈反应,
v)、将氰基转化为四唑基,
转化为一个或多个其他R1、R2、R3和/或B基团,
和/或通过用酸处理将式I的碱性化合物转化为其盐之一。
16.一种药物,含有至少一种权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物、立体异构体和E/Z异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,如果需要,还含有赋形剂和/或辅助剂。
17.权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的式I化合物和/或其可药用盐或溶剂化物在制备用于治疗患有由PDE IV同工酶通过调节人嗜酸性粒细胞的活化和脱粒而介导的疾病或病情的患者的药物中的用途。
18.权利要求17所述的权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的式I化合物和/或其可药用盐或溶剂化物的用途,其用于制备用于治疗过敏性疾病、哮喘、慢性支气管炎、特应性皮炎、银屑病和其它皮肤疾病、炎症疾病、自身免疫疾病,如类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化症、节段性回肠炎、糖尿病或溃疡性结肠炎、骨质疏松症、移植排斥反应、恶病质、肿瘤生长或肿瘤转移、败血症、记忆障碍、动脉粥样硬化和AIDS的药物。
19.权利要求17或18中所述的权利要求1至13的式I化合物的用途,其用于制备用于治疗或预防选自以下的一种或多种疾病、病理性紊乱和病情的药物:
任何类型、病因或发病机制的哮喘;或选自下组的哮喘:特应性哮喘;非特应性哮喘;变应性哮喘;特应性IgE介导的哮喘;支气管哮喘;原发性哮喘;真气喘;由病理生理学紊乱引起的内因性哮喘;因环境因素引起的外因性哮喘;病因未知或不明的原发性哮喘;非特应性哮喘;支气管哮喘;气肿性哮喘;运动性哮喘;职业性哮喘;由细菌、真菌、原生动物或病毒感染引起的感染性哮喘;非变应性哮喘;早期哮喘;气喘婴儿综合症;
慢性或急性支气管收缩;慢性支气管炎;小气道阻塞;和肺气肿;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的梗阻性或炎症气道疾病;或选自下组的梗阻性或炎症气道疾病:哮喘;尘肺、慢性嗜酸细胞性肺炎;慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD);包括慢性支气管炎、肺气肿或与其有关的呼吸困难的COPD;以不可逆、进行性气道阻塞为特征的COPD;急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)和其它药物治疗引起的气道高反应性加剧;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的尘肺;或选自铝尘肺、炭肺(哮喘)、石棉肺、石末肺、因吸入鸵鸟羽毛灰尘引起的鸵鸟毛尘肺、因吸入铁微粒引起的肺铁末沉着病、硅肺、棉屑肺或棉花-灰尘性尘肺和滑石粉尘肺的尘肺;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的支气管炎;或选自急性支气管炎、急性喉气管支气管炎、花生仁吸入性支气管炎、卡他性支气管炎、格鲁布性支气管炎、干性支气管炎、感染性气喘性支气管炎、增生性支气管炎、葡萄球菌或链球菌所致的支气管炎和肺泡支气管炎的支气管炎;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的支气管扩张;或选自圆柱形支气管扩张、囊状支气管扩张、梭形支气管扩张、毛细管支气管扩张、囊性支气管扩张、干性支气管扩张和滤泡性支气管扩张的支气管扩张症;
季节性过敏性鼻炎;或常年性过敏性鼻炎;或任何类型、病因或发病机制的鼻窦炎;或选自化脓性或非化脓性鼻窦炎的鼻窦炎;急性或慢性鼻窦炎;和筛骨、前、颚骨或蝶骨鼻窦炎,
任何类型、病因或发病机制的类风湿性关节炎;或选自急性关节炎、急性痛风性关节炎、原发性慢性炎症关节炎、退行性关节炎、传染性关节炎、莱姆关节炎、增生性关节炎、银屑病关节炎和椎骨关节炎的类风湿性关节炎;
痛风和与炎症有关的发热和疼痛;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的与嗜酸性粒细胞有关的疾病;或者选自下组的与嗜酸性粒细胞有关的疾病:嗜酸性粒细胞增多症;肺嗜酸粒细胞浸润症;Loffier′s综合症;慢性嗜酸细胞性肺炎;热带性肺嗜酸细胞浸润症;支气管肺炎性曲霉病;曲霉肿;含嗜酸性粒细胞的肉芽肿;变应性肉芽肿性脉管炎或Churg-Strauss综合症;结节性全动脉炎(PAN);和全身坏死性血管炎;
特应性皮炎;或变应性皮炎;或变应性或特应性湿疹;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的荨麻疹;或选自免疫介导的荨麻疹、补体介导的荨麻疹、致荨麻疹物质引起的荨麻疹、物理因素引起的荨麻疹、紧张引起的荨麻疹,特发性荨麻疹、急性荨麻疹、慢性荨麻疹、血管神经性水肿、胆碱能荨麻疹、正常染色体占优势形式或后天获得形式中的寒性荨麻疹、接触性荨麻疹、巨大荨麻疹和丘疹性荨麻疹的荨麻疹;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的结膜炎;或选自光化性结膜炎、急性卡他性结膜炎、急性触染性结膜炎、变应性结膜炎,特应性结膜炎、慢性卡他性结膜炎、化脓性结膜炎和春季结膜炎的结膜炎;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的葡萄膜炎;或选自葡萄膜全部或部分发炎、前眼色素层炎、虹膜炎、睫状体炎、虹膜睫状体炎、肉芽肿性葡萄膜炎、非肉芽肿性葡萄膜炎、晶状体抗原性色素层炎、后色素层炎、脉络膜炎和脉络膜视网膜炎的葡萄膜炎;
银屑病;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的多发性硬化症;或选自原发性进行性多发性硬化症和复发-缓解型多发性硬化症的多发性硬化症;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病;或选自以下的自身免疫疾病或炎症疾病:自身免疫血液学疾病、溶血性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、纯红细胞性贫血,特发性小板减少性紫癜、系统性红斑狼疮、多软骨炎、硬皮病、韦格纳肉芽肿病、皮肌炎、慢性活动性肝炎、重症肌无力、Stevens-Johnson综合征、先天性口炎性腹炎、自身免疫炎性肠疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、节段性肠炎、内分泌性眼病、巴塞多病、结节病、肺泡炎、慢性过敏性肺炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、幼年期糖尿病或I型糖尿病、前眼色素层炎、肉芽肿性或后色素层炎、干燥型角膜结膜炎、流行性角膜结膜炎、弥漫性间质性肺纤维化或间质性肺纤维化、肺硬变、胆囊纤维化、银屑病关节炎、有或无肾病综合征的肾小球肾炎、急性肾小球肾炎,特发性肾病综合征、肾病的微小变化、炎症/增生性皮肤病、银屑病,特应性皮炎、接触性皮炎、变应性接触性皮炎、良性遗传性天疱疮、红斑性天疱疮、落叶状天疱疮和寻常性天疱疮;
预防器官移植后的异源移植排斥反应;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的炎性肠病(IBD);或选自溃疡性结肠炎(UC)、胶原性结肠炎;息肉状结肠炎、透壁性结肠炎和节段性肠炎(CD)的炎性肠病:
任何类型、病因或发病机制的感染性休克;或选自以下的感染性休克:肾功能衰竭、急性肾功能衰竭、恶病质、疟疾恶病质、垂体恶病质、尿毒症性恶病质、心恶病质、恶病质肾上腺机能障碍或阿狄森氏病、生癌的恶病质和人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染后引起的恶病质;
肝损伤;
肺性高血压;和缺氧引起的肺性高血压;
骨丢失疾病;原发性骨质疏松症;和继发性骨质疏松症;
任何类型、病因或发病机制的中枢神经系统障碍;或选自以下的中枢神经系统障碍:抑郁;帕金森氏病;学习和记忆缺陷;迟发性运动障碍;药物依赖性;动脉硬化痴呆;和伴随亨廷顿舞蹈病、Wilson氏病、震颤麻痹和视丘萎缩出现的痴呆;
感染,尤其是病毒引起的感染,其中所述的病毒使其宿主的TNF-α生产增加,或者其中所述的病毒对其宿主中TNG-α的增加敏感,从而使其复制或其它生命活动被不利地阻止,所述病毒包括选自HIV-1、HIV-2、HIV-3、巨细胞病毒、CMV、流行性感冒、腺病毒和疱疹病毒(包括带状疱疹和单纯疱疹)的病毒;
酵母和真菌感染,其中所述酵母和真菌对其宿主中TNG-α的增加或TNG-α生产的诱发敏感,例如真菌性脑膜炎;特别是当其与其它可选择药物联合给药用于治疗全身酵母和真菌感染时,包括但不局限于多粘菌素,例如多链丝霉素B;咪唑,例如克霉唑、益康唑、咪康唑和酮康唑;三唑,例如氟康唑和伊曲康唑和两性霉素,如两性霉素B和脂质体两性霉素B;
局部缺血-再灌注损伤;自身免疫糖尿病;视网膜自身免疫;慢性淋巴细胞白血病;HIV感染;红斑狼疮;肾和输尿管疾病;泌尿生殖和胃肠道疾病;和前列腺疾病。
20.权利要求17、18或19中所述的如权利要求1至13中定义的式I化合物的用途,其用于制备用于治疗下述疾病的药物:(1)炎症疾病和病情,包括关节炎症、类风湿性关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、骨关节炎、炎症性肠疾病、溃疡性结肠炎、慢性肾小球肾炎、皮炎和节段性回肠炎;(2)呼吸疾病和病情,包括哮喘、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、慢性肺炎症疾病、支气管炎、慢性阻塞性气道病和硅肺;(3)感染性疾病和病情,包括败血症、感染性休克、内毒素性休克、革兰氏阴性败血症、中毒性休克综合征、因细菌、病毒或真菌感染引起的发热和肌痛,和流行性感冒;(4)免疫疾病和病情,包括自身免疫糖尿病、系统性红斑狼疮、移植物抗宿主反应、同种异体移植排斥反应、多发性硬化症、银屑病和过敏性鼻炎;和(5)其它疾病和病情,包括骨吸收疾病、再灌注损伤、由于感染或恶性疾病引起的恶病质、由人获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)、人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染、或与AIDS有关的并发症(ARC)引起的恶病质;瘢痕瘤形成;瘢痕组织形成;I型糖尿病和白血病。
21.权利要求17中所述的如权利要求1至13中定义的式I化合物的用途,其用于制备用于治疗心肌疾病的药物。
22.权利要求21中所述的如权利要求1至13中定义的式I化合物的用途,其用于制备用于治疗心肌疾病的药物,其中所述的心肌疾病表现出炎症和免疫学特征。
23.权利要求17中所述的如权利要求1至13中定义的式I化合物的用途,其用于制备用于治疗冠心病、可逆或不可逆性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤、急性或慢性心衰和再狭窄,包括支架内再狭窄和支架-支架内再狭窄的药物。
24.如权利要求1至13中定义的化合物与选自下述的一种或多种药物的联合:
(a)白三烯生物合成抑制剂:选自以下的5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂和5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂:齐留通;ABT-761;芬留顿;替泊沙林;Abbott-79175;Abbott-85761;N-(5-取代)噻吩-2-烷基磺胺类;2,6-二叔丁基苯酚腙;Zeneca ZD-2138;SB-210661;吡啶基取代的2-氰基-萘化合物L-739,010;2-氰基喹啉化合物L-746,530;吲哚和喹啉化合物MK-591、MK-886和BAY x1005;
(b)白三烯LTB4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4的受体拮抗剂,选自吩噻嗪-3-酮类化合物L-651,392;脒基化合物CGS-25019c;苯并噁唑胺类化合物昂唑司特;苯基-甲亚胺酸酰胺类BIIL 284/260;和扎鲁司特、阿鲁司特、孟鲁司特、普仑司特、维鲁司特(MK-679)、RG-12525、Ro-245913、伊拉司特(CGP 45715A)和BAY x 7195;
(c)PDE IV抑制剂;
(d)5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂;5-脂肪氧化酶激活蛋白(FLAP)拮抗剂;
(e)5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)双重抑制剂和血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;
(f)白三烯拮抗剂(LTRA),包括LTB4、LTC4、LTD4和LTE4拮抗剂;
(g)抗组胺H1受体拮抗剂,包括西替利嗪、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定、非索非那定、阿司咪唑、氯卓斯汀和氯苯那敏;
(h)胃保护H2受体拮抗剂;
(i)口服或局部作为解充血剂使用的α1-和α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂血管收缩拟交感神经药,选自丙己君、苯福林、苯丙醇胺、伪麻黄碱、盐酸萘甲唑啉、盐酸羟甲唑啉、盐酸四氢唑啉、盐酸塞洛唑啉和盐酸乙基去甲肾上腺素;
(j)与一种或多种以上(a)中所述的5-脂肪氧化酶(5-LO)抑制剂联合的以上(i)中所述的α1-和α2-肾上腺素受体激动剂;
(k)抗胆碱能药,包括异丙托溴铵、噻托溴铵、氧托溴铵、哌仑西平和替仑西平;
(l)β1-至β4-肾上腺素受体激动剂,选自异丙喘宁、异丙肾上腺素、喘息定、舒喘灵、沙丁胺醇、福莫特罗、沙美特罗,特布他林、奥西他林、比托特罗甲磺酸和吡布特罗;
(m)茶碱和氨茶碱;
(n)色甘酸钠;
(o)毒蕈碱受体(M1、M2和M3)拮抗剂;
(p)COX-1抑制剂(NSAID);和一氧化氮NSAID;
(q)COX-2选择性抑制剂罗非考昔;
(r)I型胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)模拟物;
(s)环索奈德;
(t)全身副反应减少的吸入糖皮质素,选自强的松、泼尼松龙、氟尼缩松、曲安西龙丙酮化合物、倍氯米松二丙酸盐、布德松、氟替卡松丙酸盐和莫米松糠酸酯;
(u)类胰蛋白酶抑制剂;
(v)血小板活化因子(PAF)拮抗剂;
(w)对抗内源性炎症实体活性的单克隆抗体;
(x)IPL 576;
(y)抗肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)药,选自依那西普、英夫利昔单抗和D2E7;
(z)DMARD,选自来氟米特;
(aa)TCR肽;
(bb)白介素转换酶(ICE)抑制剂;
(cc)IMPDH抑制剂;
(dd)粘连分子抑制剂,包括VLA-4拮抗剂;
(ee)组织蛋白酶;
(ff)MAP激酶抑制剂;
(gg)葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂;
(hh)激肽-B1-和B2-受体拮抗剂;
(ii)含金硫基团和各种亲水基团形式的金;
(jj)免疫抑制剂,选自环孢菌素、硫唑嘌呤和氨甲蝶呤;
(kk)抗痛风药,选自秋水仙碱;
(ll)黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂,选自别嘌呤醇;
(mm)排尿酸药,选自丙磺舒、苯磺唑酮和苯溴马隆;
(nn)抗肿瘤药,其为选自长春花碱和长春新碱的抗有丝分裂药;
(oo)生长激素促分泌药;
(pp)基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)抑制剂,选自基质降解酶、胶原酶、白明胶酶、聚集蛋白聚糖酶、胶原酶-1(MMP-1)、胶原酶-2(MMP-8)、胶原酶-3(MMP-13)、基质降解酶-1(MMP-3)、基质降解酶-2(MMP-10)和基质降解酶-3(MMP-11);
(qq)转化生长因子(TGFβ);
(rr)血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF);
(ss)成纤维细胞生长因子,选自基础成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF);
(tt)粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF);
(uu)辣椒辣素;
(vv)选自NKP-608C、SB233412(他奈坦)和D-4418的速激肽NK1和NK3受体拮抗剂;
(ww)选自UT-77和ZD-0892的弹性蛋白酶抑制剂;和
(xx)腺苷A2a受体激动剂。
25.一种药物,含有至少一种权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,以及至少一种其它药物活性成分。
26.含有下述单独包装的成套包装(试剂盒):
(a)有效量的权利要求1至13中一项或多项所述的式I化合物和/或其可药用衍生物、溶剂化物和立体异构体,包括其所有比例的混合物,和
(b)有效量的其它药物活性成分。
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CN107286101A (zh) * | 2017-07-27 | 2017-10-24 | 云南大学 | 1‑芳醛肟尿嘧啶及其制备方法 |
CN107286101B (zh) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-04-21 | 云南大学 | 1-芳醛肟尿嘧啶及其制备方法 |
CN117558997A (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-02-13 | 河南鑫泉能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及其制备方法与电池 |
CN117558997B (zh) * | 2024-01-11 | 2024-04-02 | 河南鑫泉能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池电解液及其制备方法与电池 |
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