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CN1496471A - 包含具有两组线的高线密度比的织物的防穿刺性材料 - Google Patents

包含具有两组线的高线密度比的织物的防穿刺性材料 Download PDF

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CN1496471A
CN1496471A CNA028063090A CN02806309A CN1496471A CN 1496471 A CN1496471 A CN 1496471A CN A028063090 A CNA028063090 A CN A028063090A CN 02806309 A CN02806309 A CN 02806309A CN 1496471 A CN1496471 A CN 1496471A
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C·伯特格
A·费尔斯
C·鲍姆加特
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B·多洛夫-隆佩
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种防穿刺性材料，它包括至少一种机织双层织物，其特征在于，该双层织物包括一个第一层织物和一个第二层织物，其中，第一层织物由第一组线和第二组线组成，该第一组线包括3.5至20线/厘米的线，具有至少210dtex的线密度，并包括至少65％的织物重量，而第二组线包括0.5至16线/厘米的线，具有至少50dtex的线密度，第二组线横向于第一组线，并且第一组线的线/厘米数与第二组线的线/厘米数之比大于1；第二层织物由第一组线和第二组线组成，该第一组线包括0.5至16线/厘米的线，具有至少50dtex的线密度，而第二组线包括3.5至20线/厘米的线，具有至少210dtex的线密度，并包括至少65％的织物重量，第二组线横向于第一组线，并且第一组线的线/厘米数与第二组线的线/厘米数之比大于1；并且其中第一层的第一和第二组线分别与第二层的第一和第二组线平行。

Description

包含具有两组线的高线密度比的织物的防穿刺性材料
技术领域
本发明涉及一种包括一种双层织物的防穿刺性材料，该织物具有两组线的高线密度比，并涉及由该材料制造的物品。
背景技术
在现有技术中已知由高强度纤维制成的防穿刺性物品，例如防弹背心、钢盔、车辆面板和盾牌。对于多种应用尤其是对于防弹背心，纤维用于机织织物或针织织物。这些织物可以被涂层或在基质中浸渍以获得硬的防弹材料，或可以不用基质而获得软的防弹材料。
从EP310199中已知防弹机织织物等。此处公开的织物由具有高强度和高模量的超高分子量聚合物制成的长纱丝组成，其中经纱与纬纱由不同的聚合材料制成。
在俄罗斯专利RU2096542中公开了一种用于防弹夹克的防弹织物，该织物具有其经纬纱线密度比小于4.17的聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)的经纬纱。典型地，所公开的经纱具有143至588dtex的线密度，而纬纱具有580至930dtex的线密度，纬纱的线密度大于或等于经纱的线密度。特别指出的是具有在1.59至4.17之间的经纬纱线密度比的防弹织物具有改良的折弯性能。
在WO 00/42246中公开了一种防穿刺性材料，该材料包括至少一种由以一定角度形成交叉布层的双层机织织物组成的双层织物，其中该织物由一个3.5-20线/厘米并具有至少420dtex的线密度的第一组线和一个0.5-8线/厘米并具有至少50dtex的线密度的第二组线组成，在此第二组线横向于第一组线；并且其中第一组线的线密度与第二组线的线密度之比大于4.2，更优选地大于7.5。在一个优选实施例中，第一组线为一种对芳族聚酰胺(p-aramid)纱线制成的经纱，第二组线为一种聚酯纱线制成的纬纱，并且第一组和第二组的线/厘米数之比大于1。尽管该物品的防弹性能很好，但是交叉布层的必要性在制造的简单容易性方面以及产生弱点的危险性方面是不利的，其中该弱点是交叉布层工艺所固有的弱点。
已经发现可以制造具有现有技术材料的优点但不具有其缺点的防穿刺性材料。为此，要求一种包括至少一种双层机织织物的防穿刺性材料，该双层织物包括一个第一层织物和一个第二层织物，其中，第一层织物由第一组线和第二组线组成，该第一组线包括3.5至20线/厘米的线，具有至少210dtex的线密度，并包括至少65％的织物重量，而第二组线包括0.5至16线/厘米的线，具有至少50dtex的线密度，第二组线横向于第一组线，并且第一组线的线/厘米数与第二组线的线/厘米数之比大于1；第二层织物由第一组线和第二组线组成，该第一组线包括0.5至16线/厘米的线，具有至少50dtex的线密度，而第二组线包括3.5至20线/厘米的线，具有至少210dtex的线密度，并包括至少65％的织物重量，第二组线横向于第一组线，并且第二组线的线/厘米数与第一组线的线/厘米数之比大于1；并且其中第一层的第一和第二组线分别与第二层的第一和第二组线平行。
优选地，该防穿刺性材料至少第一层的第一组线和第二组线的线密度之比和第二层的第二组线和第一组线的线密度之比大于1，更优选地大于4.2，最优选地大于5.9。一个尤其有效的比例为6-6.6。在第一层的第一组线和第二层的第二组线的线的线数为3.5至20线/厘米。更优选地，该线数为4至15线/厘米，并且最优选地为5至12线/厘米。在第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线的线的线数为0.5至16线/厘米。优选地，该线数为0.5至8线/厘米，更优选地为1至6线/厘米，并且最优选地为2至4线/厘米。在每一层中具有至少210dtex的线密度的线包括该层织物重量的至少65％。优选地，这些线包括至少70％的该层织物重量并更优选地为75％。为了高效的制造，优选地是第一层的第一组线和第二层的第一组线为经纱，而第一层的第二组线和第二层的第二组线为纬纱。在这两层中的每一层中，第二组线横向于第一组线。尽管这些线组通常彼此垂直，但这并不是必要的。第二组线可以与第一组线形成除90°之外的其它角度。所述两层线不通过交叉布层而固定(secure)在一起。
该防穿刺性材料还由第一层的第二组线(优选地为纬纱)和第二层的第一组线(优选地为经纱)组成，其纱线成份对本发明而言不是决定性的。然而，优选地，这些线具有高强度和高模量。当这些线选自于聚酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚酰胺和芳族聚酰胺纱线时尤其是如此。最优选地，第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线由聚酯纱线制成。
第一层的第一组线(优选地为经纱)和第二层的第二组线(优选地为纬纱)具有高强度和高模量，并且最优选地是选择由芳族聚酰胺、聚乙烯和聚对亚苯基苯丙异恶唑/PBO(poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole)制成的高韧性线，尤其是对芳族聚酰胺(p-aramid)。最优选地是聚对苯二甲酰对苯二胺(PPTA)。在一个优选实施例中，选择由不同聚合物制成经纱和纬纱，例如，一种具有对芳族聚酰胺(p-aramid)纱线的经纱和聚酯纱线的纬纱的织物或相反是优选的。
只要满足所需线密度比，选择第一层的第一组线和第二层的第二组线的线密度为至少大约210dtex，优选地在210至6720dtex之间，更优选地在420至3360dtex之间，甚至还更优选地在420至1680dtex之间，并且最优选地在840至1100dtex之间。选择第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线的线密度为至少大约50dtex，更优选地在50至280dtex之间，最优选地在80至140dtex之间。
术语“纱/线”表示任意一种线例如短纤纱，加捻(twisted)短纤纱、加捻长纱线、无捻混合纱、以及优选地，无捻长纱。
在一个优选实施例中，该双层织物的两个织物层的每一层的线例如通过缝编或优选地用一种胶粘性材料粘合在一起。该胶粘性材料可以是使用在线上或织物上的胶粘性材料，例如作为一种整理剂(finish)。该胶粘性材料还可以是施加于该双层织物的两个织物层之间的一个胶粘层。胶粘性材料包括热塑性、弹性体的和热固性材料。还可以将一种在压力和/或加热条件下熔化的材料用于第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线的至少一部分，从而将第一和第二组线的线分别粘接到第二和第一组线的线上，并且也可选地将这两层织物粘接地一起。热塑性材料包括聚烯烃例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯、聚酰胺、聚酯或这些材料的混合物。弹性体材料包括Kraton、橡胶、硅橡胶等。热固性材料包括环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、酚醛树脂、乙烯基酯树脂等。
在另一个实施例中，在该防穿刺性材料的外侧的至少一侧具有一个保护层。该保护层可以为热塑性的、热固性的或一种弹性体材料，或这些材料的混合物。施加该保护层以保护织物不用过多的磨损而损坏和提高防弹性能。
该防穿刺性材料包括至少一个由双层机织织物组成的双层织物，该双层织物为非交叉布层并可选地粘接在一起。术语机织包括所有类型的织纹，例如平织、缎织、席织、斜织等，优选地为平织。
该防穿刺性物品可以包含尽可能少的一个由双层机织织物组成的双层织物，但通常采用较多的双层织物。适宜的双层织物数目为5到100，最优选地是使用6到35个双层织物。一个双层织物的第一织物层的第一组线可以与相邻双层织物的第一织物层的第一组线平行或成一个角度。如果这些组线在一个角度下连接到一起，该角度优选地为90°。
所述双层织物使用一种胶粘层或通过缝编连接在一起。这样一种胶粘层可以由用于该胶粘材料的上述材料制成，并且具有一个在4至36μ之间、优选地在8至20μ之间的厚度。
在现有技术中已知制造该双层织物的方法。通常该织物通过将经纱整经在一个经轴上然后在一个织机上织造而制成所述织物。该单层可以可选地浸渍或层压，并经受一个轧光或层压处理。至少两个织物层可以通过缝编、加热或施加压力而粘接在一起。
本发明还涉及根据技术人员所已知的方法由上述机织织物制成的例如防弹背心和装甲板的物品。
通过以下示例进一步地进行说明本发明。
制造一种包括22个双层织物的结构。每一个双层织物的第一层由经向的Twaron930dtex(9.5线/厘米)和纬向的聚酯140dtex(Trevira710，ex Hoeschst)(2线/厘米)制成。每一个双层织物的第二层由经向的聚酯140dtex(Trevira710，ex Hoeschst)(4线/厘米)和纬向的Twaron930dtex(9.5线/厘米)制成。第一层的经/纬比和第二层的经/纬比是6.6。这些层由3层具有10μ厚度的聚乙烯膜(LDPE，ex EKB)层压在一起，一张聚乙烯膜置于该双层织物的两个外侧上，一张聚乙烯膜置于该双层织物的两个织物层的每一层之间。该结构置于一个压机中并在一个120℃的温度下和25巴的压力下加压25分钟。然后，停止该压机的加热。该结构的总重量为大约4600克/米2。
V50值由9×19Para型DM11 A1B2子弹确定，其中V50是50％的子弹被停止而50％的子弹完全穿过时的速度。经发现，该结构的V50为507米/秒。

Claims (14)

1.一种包括至少一种双层机织织物的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，所述双层织物包括一个第一层织物和一个第二层织物，其中，第一层织物由第一组线和第二组线组成，所述第一组线包括3.5至20线/厘米的线，具有至少210dtex的线密度，并包括至少65％的织物重量，而第二组线包括0.5至16线/厘米的线，具有至少50dtex的线密度，第二组线横向于第一组线，并且第一组线的线/厘米数与第二组线的线/厘米数之比大于1；第二层织物由第一组线和第二组线组成，所述第一组线包括0.5至16线/厘米的线，具有至少50dtex的线密度，而第二组线包括3.5至20线/厘米的线，具有至少210dtex的线密度，并包括至少65％的织物重量，第二组线横向于第一组线，并且第二组线的线/厘米数与第一组线的线/厘米数之比大于1；并且其中第一层的第一和第二组线分别与第二层的第一和第二组线平行。
2.根据权利要求1的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，至少第一层的第一组线和第二组线的线密度之比和第二层的第二组线和第一组线的线密度之比大于1。
3.根据权利要求1的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，至少第一层的第一组线和第二组线的线密度之比和第二层的第二组线和第一组线的线密度之比大于4.2。
4.根据权利要求1的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，至少第一层的第一组线和第二组线的线密度之比和第二层的第二组线和第一组线的线密度之比大于5.9。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线中的至少一组包括0.5至8线/厘米的线。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，所述双层织物的织物层的线优选地用一种胶粘性材料粘合在一起。
7.根据权利要求1-6之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，第一层的第一组线和第二层的第二组线由选择由芳族聚酰胺、聚乙烯和PBO制成的高韧性线组成。
8.根据权利要求1-6之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线选择由聚酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯和芳族聚酰胺纱线制成。
9.根据权利要求1-8之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，第一层的第一组线和第二层的第二组线由芳族聚酰胺纱线制成，以及第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线由聚酯纱线制成。
10.根据权利要求1-9之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，第一层的第一组线和第二层的第二组线的线密度为210至6720dtex之间，优选地在420至3360dtex之间，更优选地在420至1680dtex之间，并且最优选地在840至1100dtex之间。
11.根据权利要求1-10之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，在第一层的第二组线和第二层的第一组线的线密度为50至280dtex之间，并且优选地在80至140dtex之间。
12.根据权利要求1-11之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，第一层的第一组线和第二层的第一组线为经纱，而第一层的第二组线和第二层的第二组线为纬纱。
13.根据权利要求1-12之一的防穿刺性材料，其特征在于，在所述双层织物的至少一外侧具有一保护层。
14.一种由根据权利要求1-13之一的防穿刺性材料制造的物品。
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