CN1288731C - 半导体装置、粘合剂和粘合膜 - Google Patents
半导体装置、粘合剂和粘合膜 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1288731C CN1288731C CNB2004100621234A CN200410062123A CN1288731C CN 1288731 C CN1288731 C CN 1288731C CN B2004100621234 A CNB2004100621234 A CN B2004100621234A CN 200410062123 A CN200410062123 A CN 200410062123A CN 1288731 C CN1288731 C CN 1288731C
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
本发明以提高半导体装置装配后的耐温度循环性,同时提高耐吸湿回流性为目的,提供一种粘合剂、使用该粘合剂的双面粘合膜和半导体装置,所说的粘合剂是在把半导体芯片装载到有机系支持基板上时使用的粘合剂,其用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的25℃的储存弹性模量为10~2000MPa且在260℃时的储存弹性模量为3~50MPa。
Description
本申请是日立化成工业株式会社于1997年10月8日申请的、申请号为97199604.0、发明名称为“半导体装置、半导体芯片装载用基板、它们的制造方法、粘合剂和双面粘合膜”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体装置和适合于在上述半导体装置的制造中使用的粘合剂和粘合膜。
背景技术
近些年来,随着电子机器的小型化和工作高频化,装载它们的半导体封装,要求以高密度向基板上装配,随着小型化和轻重量化的进展,人们开发出把外部端子区域阵列(area array)状地配置到封装的下部的、被称之为微型BGA(球栅阵列)和CSP(芯片尺寸封装)的小型封装。
这些封装采用下述结构:先通过绝缘性粘合剂把芯片装载到具有2层布线结构的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基板或具有1层布线结构的聚酰亚胺基板等的有机基板上,再用金属丝键合或TAB(带载自动键合)等内部键合方式把芯片一侧的端子与布线板一侧的端子连接起来,用环氧系密封材料或环氧系液态密封材料将连接部分和芯片表面部分及至端面部分进行密封,使焊料球等金属端子区域阵列状地配置在布线基板背面上。而电子机器,则采用用焊料回流的方式,以高密度,把多个这些封装一揽子地表面贴装到电子机器的基板上的装配方式。
但是,作为在这些封装中使用的绝缘性粘合剂的一个例子,用的是用动态粘弹性装置测定的、在25℃的储存弹性模量大于3000Mpa的液态环氧树脂管芯粘合剂,把封装装配到基板上之后,焊料球连接部分(2次一侧)的连接可靠性差,耐温度循环可靠性变坏。
此外,在其它的实例中,作为绝缘性粘合剂,有人提出了在25℃时的储存弹性模量小于10MPa的液态硅系弹性体,这种弹性体虽然在上述耐温度循环性方面很好,但是,却存在着在高温时对布线基板表面的粘接性差,且耐吸湿回流性也不好的问题。
特别是对耐回流性来说,在这两个实例中,在把液态的绝缘性粘合剂涂敷到有机基板上的过程中,还观察到了易于卷入气泡并以气泡为起点,在吸湿回流时发展为裂缝,或者使有机基板鼓起来的不良模式。
此外,随着电子机器的进步,电子部件的装载密度变高,可以期待低价格的半导体裸芯片向印刷布线板上的装配也获得了进步。
作为半导体芯片的装配用基板,向来多采用氧化铝等的陶瓷基板。其理由是:由于半导体芯片的热膨胀系数小到约4ppm/℃,为了确保连接可靠性,就要谋求使用热膨胀系数较小的装配用基板,同时,为了使半导体芯片所产生的热易于向外部散热,也要谋求使用导热率比较高的装配用基板。在将半导体芯片装配到这样的陶瓷基板上时,使用以银膏为代表的液态粘合剂。
此外,膜状粘合剂,在挠性印制布线板等中使用,且大多使用以丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶为主要成分的粘合剂系。
在作为印制布线板关联材料的研究中,作为提高吸湿后的焊料耐热性的材料,有在特开昭60-243180号公报中公开的含丙烯酸系树脂、环氧树脂、聚异氰酸酯和无机填料的粘合剂,另外还有在特开昭61-138680号公报中公开的含有丙烯酸系树脂、环氧树脂和分子中具有尿烷键的两个末端为伯胺的化合物和无机填料的粘合剂,但是,在PCT(加压蒸煮试验)处理等的严格条件下,进行耐湿性实验的情况下劣化大,是不合适的。
如果在向陶瓷基板上装配半导体芯片时使用银膏粘合剂,则存在着由于有银填料的沉降因而分散不均一、必须留意银膏的保存稳定性、半导体芯片装配的作业性与LOC(lead on chip,芯片上引线)等比较起来较差等的问题。
此外,膜状粘合剂尽管大多使用以丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶为主要成分的粘合剂体系,但是,却存在着在高温下长时间处理后的粘接力下降大、耐电腐蚀性差等的缺点。特别是在半导体关连部件可靠性评价中使用的PCT处理等的严格条件下,进行耐湿性试验时的劣化大。
如果用特开昭60-243180号公报、特开昭61-138680号公报中公开的粘合剂,在PCT处理等的严格条件下进行耐湿性试验时劣化大,是不合适的。
在用这些作为印制布线板关连材料的粘合剂把半导体芯片装配到印制布线板上的情况下,半导体芯片与印制布线板之间的热膨胀系数之差大,在回流时将产生裂缝,故不能使用。此外,在进行温度循环试验或PCT处理等的严格条件下进行耐湿性试验时的劣化大,因而不能使用。
发明内容
本发明提供一种粘合剂、粘合膜和使用该粘合膜粘接半导体芯片和布线板的半导体装置。上述粘合剂和粘合膜,具有在将热膨胀系数之差大的半导体芯片装配到玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基板或挠性基板等的印制布线板所必须的耐热性、耐电腐蚀性和耐湿性,特别是在PCT处理等的严格条件下进行耐湿性试验时,其劣化小。
此外,本发明还提供一种半导体装置、其制造方法和适用于制造上述半导体装置的半导体芯片装载用基板、其制造方法、粘合剂和双面粘合膜。在通过粘合剂把半导体芯片装载到有机系支持基板上,并使外部端子在基板背面上排列成区域阵列状的半导体装置中,上述半导体装置的特征是:在提高装配后的耐温度循环性的同时,还提高耐吸湿回流性。
本发明的半导体装置是一种通过粘接构件把半导体芯片装载到有机系支持基板上的半导体装置,其特征是:在上述有机系支持基板的半导体芯片装载侧形成规定的布线,在与上述有机系支持基板的半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧区域阵列状地形成外部连接用端子,上述规定的布线把半导体芯片端子和上述外部连接用端子连接起来,至少是对上述半导体芯片端子与规定的布线之间的连接部分进行树脂密封,且上述粘合构件具备粘合剂层,上述粘合剂的用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的25℃的储存弹性模量为10~2000MPa,260℃的储存弹性模量为3~50MPa。
本发明的半导体芯片装载用基板,是一种通过粘合构件装载半导体芯片的有机系基板的半导体芯片装载用基板,其特征是:在上述有机系基板的半导体芯片装载侧与半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧的至少任意一侧形成规定的布线,在与上述有机系基板的半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧,区域阵列状地形成外部连接用端子,上述粘合构件具备粘合剂层,上述粘合剂的固化物用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的25℃的储存弹性模量为10~2000MPa,在260℃的储存弹性模量为3~50MPa,上述粘合构件以规定的大小在上述有机系基板上的规定的部位上形成。
本发明的半导体芯片装载用基板的制造方法,其特征在于,包括将粘合构件膜切断成规定的大小,热压到有机系基板上。上述的有机系基板,在半导体芯片装载侧和半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧的至少任意一侧形成规定的布线,在半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧区域阵列状地形成外部连接用端子。上述的粘合构件膜是具备粘合剂层的粘合构件,粘合剂的固化物用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的25℃的储存弹性模量为10-2000MPa,且260℃的储存弹性模量为3-50MPa,上述粘合剂处于放热量达到用DSC(示差热量计)测定时总固化放热量的10-40%那种程度的半固化状态。
本发明的半导体装置的制造方法,其特征在于,包括以下几个工序:在有机系基板的半导体装载用基板上粘合具备粘合剂层的粘合构件的工序、通过粘合构件装载半导体的工序、使上述规定的布线与半导体芯片端子和上述外部连接用端子连接的工序、至少对上述半导体芯片端子与规定的布线之间的连接部分进行树脂密封的工序;其中,上述的有机系基板,在半导体芯片装载侧和半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧的至少任意一侧形成规定的布线,在半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧区域阵列状地形成外部连接用端子,上述粘合剂的固化物用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的25℃的储存弹性模量为10-2000MPa,且260℃的储存弹性模量为3-50MPa。
本发明的粘合剂由下述A~D组分构成:
E、一种粘合剂,对于(1)环氧树脂及其固化剂100重量份,含有:(2)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,即丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和/或甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg(玻璃化转变温度)在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(3)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
F、一种粘合剂,对于(1)环氧树脂及其固化剂100重量份,含有:(2)与环氧树脂具有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的高分子量树脂10~40重量份,(3)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg(玻璃化转变温度)在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(4)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
G、一种粘合剂,对于(1)环氧树脂和酚醛树脂100重量份,含有:(2)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(3)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
H、一种粘合剂,对于(1)环氧树脂和酚醛树脂100重量份,含有:(2)苯氧基树脂10~40重量份,(3)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(4)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
本发明的双面粘合膜具有下述E~H的3层结构:
E、一种3层结构的双面粘合膜,它是用耐热性热塑性薄膜为芯材,在芯材的两面具有这样一种粘合剂:对于(1)环氧树脂及其固化剂100重量份,含有:(2)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg(玻璃化转变温度)在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(3)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
F、一种3层结构的双面粘合膜,它是用耐热性热塑性薄膜为芯材,在芯材的两面具有这样一种粘合剂:对于(1)环氧树脂及其固化剂100重量份,含有:(2)与环氧树脂具有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的高分子量树脂10~40重量份,(3)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg(玻璃化转变温度)在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(4)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
G、一种3层结构的双面粘合膜,它是用耐热性热塑性薄膜为芯材,在芯材的两面具有这样一种粘合剂:对于(1)环氧树脂和酚醛树脂100重量份,含有:(2)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(3)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
H、一种3层结构的双面粘合膜,它是用耐热性热塑性薄膜为芯材,在芯材的两面具有这样一种粘合剂:对于(1)环氧树脂和酚醛树脂100重量份,含有:(2)苯氧基树脂10~40重量份,(3)含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、Tg在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份,以及(4)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份。
在本发明的半导体装置中,规定的布线可以用金属丝键合或TAB(载带自动键合)的内部键合方式等直接与半导体芯片端子相连。
在本发明的半导体装置中,粘合构件优选为薄膜状,粘合构件具备粘合剂层,作为粘合剂的树脂成分,可以使用含有环氧树脂、含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物、环氧树脂固化剂和环氧树脂固化促进剂的材料。
粘合构件优选具有这样一种结构:作为芯材使用聚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚酰胺-酰亚胺或聚醚酰亚胺膜等玻璃化转变温度在200℃以上的耐热性热塑性薄膜,在该芯材的两面上形成粘合剂层。作为耐热性热塑性薄膜也可以使用液晶聚合物膜。粘合剂层中的残存溶剂量优选在5重量%以下。
在本发明的半导体芯片装载用基板中,粘合构件优选为薄膜状,粘合构件具备粘合剂层,作为粘合剂的树脂成分,可以使用含有环氧树脂、含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物、环氧树脂固化剂和环氧树脂固化促进剂的材料。
粘合构件优选具有这样一种结构:作为芯材使用聚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚酰胺-酰亚胺或聚醚酰亚胺膜等玻璃化转变温度在200℃以上的耐热性热塑性薄膜,在该芯材的两面上形成粘合剂层。作为耐热性热塑性薄膜,也可以使用液晶聚合物膜。粘合剂层中的残存溶剂量优选在5重量%以下。
在有机系基板上的规定部位上形成的粘合构件,可以使用用冲压用模具冲压成规定大小的薄膜,在有机系基板上的规定部位上形成的粘合构件,是上述粘合剂处于放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的10~40%那种程度的半固化状态的粘合构件膜,将其切断成规定的大小之后,热压到上述有机系基板上。
在本发明的半导体芯片装载用基板的制造方法中,可以将切断后的粘合构件膜分别精密定位后,用热压机进行临时粘接,在把多个粘合构件膜载置到成组的有机系基板上之后,用已经加热的脱模表面处理模具进行挤压,一揽子地进行粘接。脱模表面处理模具的表面脱模材料,优选聚四氟乙烯和硅氧烷中的至少一种。在粘合构件膜切断工序之前,至少还可以增加一个除掉粘合构件膜在搬运中发生的静电的静电消除工序。
在本发明的半导体装置的制造方法中,可以从半导体芯片装载用基板的下面一侧和半导体芯片一侧这两面进行加热,并至少使芯片一侧的温度更高。
本发明的粘合剂优选以放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的10~40%那种程度的状态来使用,在用动态粘弹性测定装置进行测定时,粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量,优选在25℃为10~2000MPa,在260℃为3~50MPa。
对于粘合剂树脂成分100体积份,无机填料使用2~20体积份,无机填料优选氧化铝、二氧化硅。
在基膜上形成粘合剂制成粘合膜,用该粘合膜将半导体芯片与布线板进行连接,就可以得到半导体装置。
本发明的双面粘合膜优选使粘合剂处于放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的10~40%那种程度的状态来使用,在用动态粘弹性测定装置进行测定时,粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量,优选在25℃为10~2000MPa,在260℃为3~50MPa。对于粘合剂树脂成分100体积份,无机填料使用2~20体积份,无机填料优选氧化铝、二氧化硅。
在芯材中使用的耐热性热塑性薄膜,其玻璃化转变温度优选在200℃以上,作为玻璃化转变温度在200℃以上的这种耐热性热塑性薄膜,优选聚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚酰胺-酰亚胺或聚醚酰亚胺膜。作为芯材中所用的耐热性热塑性薄膜,也可以使用液晶聚合物膜。
为了解决在现有技术中所说的课题,首先,通过绝缘性粘合剂把半导体芯片装载到有机布线基板上,然后用金丝键合技术把芯片一侧端子和布线板一侧端子连接起来,使焊料球外部端子在基板背面上区域阵列状地排列,对于这样形成的半导体封装,用FEM弹塑性解析手法考察其中使用的绝缘性粘合剂的物理性质和母板装配后的耐温度循环性之间的关系。
其结果是:绝缘性粘合剂的弹性模量E下降得越大,则由芯片的CTE(线性热膨胀系数:3.5ppm)和母板的CTE(14~18ppm)之差所产生的、基板焊料球外部端子部分所受到的应力越小,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的弹性模量E如果在2000MPa以下、优选在1000MPa以下,则最外周部分的焊料球端子的等效变形非常小,可知即便是套用Coffin-Manson法则,在-55℃~125℃的温度循环中也有1000次循环以上的疲劳寿命。
反之,通常的环氧系管芯键合剂的弹性模量E在3000MPa以上,可知在焊料球的耐温度循环可靠性方面存在着问题。
另一方面,若使绝缘性粘合剂的弹性模量E降到硅弹性体那种程度的10MPa以下,则在回流温度的上限温度260℃,弹性模量E将会变成超过测定界限那种程度地小,变成为失去作为强度构件的功能的区域,就不可能期待还能保持基板表面与硅芯片之间的粘接。剪切粘合强度的温度依赖性具有和弹性模量的温度依赖性相同的倾向,温度越高则强度越小。就是说,如果在回流温度260℃下的弹性模量E至少不大于3MPa,则不可能期待剪切粘合强度。如果在回流温度260℃在与芯片或基板之间的界面上产生了剥离,则将会在之后实施的温度循环试验中导致金丝断线不合格或在耐湿性试验中导致腐蚀断线不合格。
因此,作为用于把芯片装载到有机布线基板上的绝缘性粘合剂(粘合剂固化物),其常温时的弹性模量在10~2000MPa的范围内,优选在50~1500MPa的范围内,最为优选在100~1000MPa的范围内,作为在回流温度260℃下的弹性模量使用的是3~50MPa这一范围内的弹性模量,可知这是用以使之满足耐温度循环性和耐吸湿回流性的条件。
从对具有上述弹性模量的温度依赖性的各种热固性树脂进行探索的结果得知,含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物是可以体现该范围的物性的恰当的粘合剂。
此外,作为使耐吸湿回流劣化的重要因素,是在有机布线基板与绝缘性粘合剂之间的界面上发生的气泡。在少量滴下液态的热固性粘合剂进行涂敷的通常方式下,易于卷入气泡,成为在吸湿回流时产生裂缝和基板隆起的原因。
因此,把上述含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物加工成薄膜状,在进行干燥使残存溶剂量低于5%,优选低于2%的同时,把处于达到用DSC(示差热量计)测定时总固化放热量10~40%的B阶段固化状态的粘合膜切断成规定的尺寸,用热压机粘贴到有机布线基板上,得到半导体装载用基板。
然后,经过芯片装载和热压、金属丝键合工序、密封工序,得到封装成品。
这样得到的封装,在芯片和基板之间的界面上难于发生间隙和气泡,但是,发明者发现,在芯片热压时,在不仅从半导体装载用基板一侧,也从芯片一侧的两面进行加热的情况下,在芯片与粘合剂之间的界面上才难于发生间隙,在基板的布线部分之间才能充分地埋入树脂,才可以提高耐吸湿回流性。此外,如果把上述粘合膜的残存溶剂量控制为低于5%,优选低于2%,则发现在粘合膜的固化过程中不会发生气泡,不会使耐吸湿回流性降低。
具有上述物性的粘合膜的应用,不仅仅对于用金丝键合技术把芯片一侧端子和布线板一侧端子连接起来并使外部端子在基板背面上排列成区域阵列状的半导体封装,而且对于用TAB(带载自动键合)的内部键合方式把芯片一侧端子与布线板一侧端子连接起来的封装(芯片一侧端子与布线板一侧端子直接连接的方式的封装)也具有同样的作用和效果,且同时满足具有通过粘合剂把半导体芯片粘接到有机布线基板上的结构的这种区域阵列封装的全部耐温度循环性和耐吸湿回流性。外部连接用端子区域阵列状地,即在基板背面的整个面上网格状地配置或在周边部分配置成一列或数列。
作为有机布线基板,可以是BT(双马来酰亚胺)基板、玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基板等FR-4基板,也可以是聚酰亚胺膜基板,对基板材质没有限制。此外,上述粘合膜也可以用具有上述物性的热固性粘合剂形成,但是为了确保在作为载带进行卷起或者传送时的刚性,也可以形成在聚酰亚胺膜的两面进行涂敷的3层结构。发明人发现这种结构具有与上述结构相同的作用和效果。
向有机布线基板上粘接粘合膜的方法是,先把粘合膜切断成规定的形状,然后,将切断后的薄膜对准正确的位置,热压到有机布线基板上。
粘合膜的切断方法,只要是把薄膜正确地切断成规定的形状的方法,用什么方法都行,但若考虑到作业性和粘贴性,则优选用冲压模具切断粘合膜,然后临时或正式地压到有机布线基板上。
切断后的粘合膜向有机布线基板上的热压,有在切断粘合膜后,在吸引材料吸附到热压构件上并进行了正确地位置对准后,先临时压到有机布线基板上,然后用热压机进行正式热压的方法,和先用冲压用模具冲压粘合膜后进行临时加压固定,然后用热压机进行正式热压的方法。此外,在用冲压模具的情况下,还有把用冲压模具冲压好的粘合带不加任何变动地进行热压的方法。
临时加压固定只要使冲压好的粘合带粘接到有机布线基板上即可,没有什么特别的限定条件。
在进行正式热压时,粘合膜的热压温度优选30~250℃,更为优选70~150℃。热压温度低于30℃的话,不仅粘合膜的弹性模量高,加压固定力低,而且在加压固定到有机布线基板的布线上边的时候,粘合剂向布线周围的埋入性不好,是不希望的。若热压温度在250℃以上,则布线会被氧化,而且有机布线基板会变软,在作业性方面是不理想的。
正式热压的压力优选1~20kg/cm2,更为优选3~10kg/cm2。若热压压力小于1kg/cm2,则粘合膜的加压固定力和布线周围的埋入性不好,若大于20kg/cm2,则粘合剂会溢出到规定的位置之外,使粘合剂的尺寸精度变坏。
正式热压时间,只要是可以用上述热压温度和热压压力进行粘接的时间就可以,但考虑到作业性,优选0.3~60秒,更为优选0.5~10秒。
正式热压用热压机,优选对表面进行脱模剂处理使得粘合剂不粘接到热压机表面上的热压机,特别是使用聚四氟乙烯、硅氧烷的热压机在脱模性和作业性方面是优选的。
本发明中使用的环氧树脂,只要是在固化后呈现粘接作用的树脂即可。使用2官能团以上的环氧树脂,优选分子量不到5000,更为优选分子量不到3000。特别是如果使用分子量低于500的双酚A型或双酚F型液态树脂,由于可以改善层压时的流动性,故是理想的。分子量低于500的双酚A型或双酚F型液态树脂,已由Yuka ShellEpoxy株式会社以EPIKOTE 807、EPIKOTE 827、EPIKOTE 828的商品名进行销售。此外,道氏化学日本株式会社也以D.E.R.330、D.E.R.331、D.E.R.361的商品名进行销售。此外东都化成株式会社也在以YD128、YDF170的商品名进行销售。
作为环氧树脂,以高Tg(玻璃化转变温度)化为目的可以加入多官能团环氧树脂,作为多官能团环氧树脂,可以举出可溶可熔酚醛型环氧树脂、甲酚可溶酚醛型环氧树脂等。
可溶可熔酚醛型环氧树脂,日本化药株式会社正在以EPPN-201的商品名进行销售。而甲酚可溶酚醛型环氧树脂正由住友化学工业株式会社以ESCN-001、ESCN-195的商品名,以及由上述日本化药株式会社以EOCN1012、EOCN1025、EOCN1027的商品名进行销售。作为环氧树脂,还可以使用溴化环氧树脂、溴化双酚A型环氧树脂(例如,住友化学工业株式会社制造,商品名为ESB-400)、溴化可溶可熔酚醛型环氧树脂(例如,日本化药株式会社生产,商品名为BREN-105、BREN-S)等。
作为环氧树脂的固化剂,可以使用通常使用的固化剂,可以举出胺、聚酰胺、酸酐、聚硫化物、三氟化硼、和本身为在一个分子内含有2个以上酚性羟基的化合物的双酚类A、双酚类F、双酚类S等的例子。特别是由于吸湿时的耐电腐蚀性出色,优选用本身为酚醛树脂的可溶可熔酚醛型环氧树脂、双酚酚醛清漆型环氧树脂、甲酚可溶酚醛型环氧树脂等。
这种优选的固化剂,正在由大日本油墨化学工业株式会社以PHENORITE LF2882、PHENORITE LF2822、PHENORITE TD-2090、PHENORITE TD-2149、PHENORITE VH4150、PHENORITEVH4170的商品名销售。此外,作为固化剂,可以使用本身为溴化苯酚化合物的四溴双酚类A(帝人化成株式会社生产,商品名为FIREGUARD FG-2000)等。
与固化剂一起使用固化促进剂是优选的。作为固化促进剂,优选使用各种咪唑类。作为咪唑,可以举出2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-苯基咪唑、1-氰乙基-2-苯基偏苯三酸咪唑等。
咪唑类现由四国化成株式会社以2E4MZ、2PZ-CN、2PZ-CNS的商品名进行销售。
作为与环氧树脂具有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的高分子量树脂,可以举出苯氧基树脂、高分子量环氧树脂、超高分子量环氧树脂、含有强极性官能团橡胶、含有强极性官能团的反应性橡胶等等。为减小B阶段中的粘合剂的折缝和改善固化时的柔软性,可使重均分子量为3万以上。上述含有强极性官能团的反应性橡胶,可以举出已向丙烯酸橡胶中加入了羧基之类的强极性官能团的橡胶。在这里,所谓与环氧树脂具有相溶性,指的是在固化后形成均质混合物而不会与环氧树脂分离成2相以上的这种性质。
苯氧基树脂由东都化成株式会社以PHENOTOHTO YP-40、PHENOTOHTO YP-50、PHENOTOHTO YP-60等的商品名销售。高分子量环氧树脂,有分子量为3万~8万的高分子量环氧树脂、还有分子量超过8万的超高分子量环氧树脂(请参看特公平7-59617号、特公平7-59618号、特公平7-59619号、特公平7-59620号、特公平7-64911号、特公平7-68327号公报),都是由日立化成株式会社制造的。作为含有强极性官能团的反应性橡胶,含羧基丙烯酸橡胶由帝国化学产业株式会社以HTR-860P的商品名进行销售。
与上述环氧树脂具有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的高分子量树脂的添加量,为了防止以环氧树脂为主要成分的相(以下,叫做环氧树脂相)的柔软性不足、胶粘性的降低和因裂缝等引起的绝缘性的降低,定为在10重量份以上,为了防止环氧树脂的Tg的降低,定为40重量份以下。
本身为含(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%、Tg在-10℃以上、且重均分子量在80万以上的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,可以使用由帝国化学产业株式会社销售的商品名为HTR-860P-3的产品。官能团单体若使用羧酸类的丙烯酸或羟基类的(甲基)丙烯酸羟甲酯,则易于进行交联反应且存在着因在清漆状态下的凝胶化、在B阶段状态下的固化度的上升所引起的粘接力的降低等的问题,故是不优选的。此外用做官能团单体的(甲基)丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的量,定为共聚物的2~6重量%。为得到粘接力,可以定为2重量%以上,为防止橡胶的凝胶化,可以定为6重量%以下。剩下的部分可以使用(甲基)丙烯酸乙酯或(甲基)丙烯酸丁酯或者两者的混合物,但混合比率要在考虑共聚物的Tg后决定。若Tg不到-10℃,则由于在B阶段状态下的粘合膜的胶粘性变大,操作性变坏,故定为-10℃以上。聚合方法可以举出珠状聚合、溶液聚合等,可以由这些方法得到聚合物。
含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物的重均分子量定为80万以上,因为在该范围内,片状、膜状的强度和柔软性的降低、胶粘性的增大等少。
上述含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物的添加量,为了防止薄膜的强度降低和胶粘性增大,定为100重量份以上,如增加含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶的添加量,则橡胶成分相增多,环氧树脂相减少,由于会引起高温下的操作性降低,故定为300重量份以下。
对于粘合剂,为了改善异种材料间的界面结合,还可以配合偶合剂。作为偶合剂,优选硅烷偶合剂。
作为硅烷偶合剂,可以举出γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、γ-脲基丙基三乙氧基硅烷、N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷等。
上述硅烷偶合剂,γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷以NUC A-187,γ-巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷以NUC A-189,γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷以NUC A-1100,γ-脲基丙基三乙氧基硅烷以NUC A-1160,N-β-氨乙基-γ-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷以NUC A-1120的商品名,由日本Unicar株式会社销售,可以很合适地使用。
偶合剂的配合量,从因添加所产生的效果、耐热性和价格来看,优选对于树脂100重量份,添加0.1~10重量份。
另外,为了吸附离子性杂质,改善吸湿时的绝缘可靠性,还可以配合离子捕获剂。离子捕获剂的配合量,从因添加所产生的效果、耐热性和价格来看,优选5-10重量份。作为离子捕获剂,为了防止铜形成离子后溶出,也可以配合作为铜害防止剂广为人知的化合物,例如三嗪硫醇化合物、双酚系还原剂。作为双酚系还原剂,可以举出2,2′-亚甲基-二-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)和4,4′-硫-二-(3-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)等。
以三嗪硫醇化合物为成分的铜害防止剂由三协制药株式会社以ZISNET DB的商品名进行销售。此外,以双酚系还原剂为成分的铜害防止剂由吉富制药株式会社以YOSHINOX BB的商品名进行销售。
另外,以改善粘合剂的操作性或导热性、赋予阻燃性、调整熔融粘度、赋予触变性、改善表面硬度为目的,对于粘合剂树脂成分100体积份,优选配合2~20体积份的无机填料。从配合的效果来看,当配合量为2体积份以上,配合量变多时,由于会引起粘合剂的储存弹性模量上升、粘接性降低、因气泡的残存造成的电气特性降低等问题,故定为20体积份以下。
作为无机填料,可以举出氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝粉末、氮化铝粉末、硼酸铝晶须、氮化硼粉末、结晶性二氧化硅、非晶性二氧化硅等。
为了改善导热性,优选氧化铝、氮化铝、氮化硼、结晶性二氧化硅、非晶性二氧化硅等。
其中,氧化铝在散热性好,耐热性、绝缘性良好这一点上是合适的。此外,结晶性二氧化硅或非晶性二氧化硅,虽然在散热性这一点上比氧化铝差,但是,由于离子性杂质少,故PCT处理时的绝缘性高,在对铜箔、铝线、铝板等的腐蚀少这一点上是合适的。
为赋予阻燃性,优选氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁和三氧化锑等。
为了调整熔融粘度和赋予触变性的目的,优选氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硅酸钙、硅酸镁、氧化钙、氧化镁、氧化铝、结晶性二氧化硅、非晶性二氧化硅等。
对于表面硬度的提高,优选氧化铝短纤维、硼酸铝晶须等。
本发明的粘合膜是这样得到的:将粘合剂的各种成分溶解或分散到溶剂中制成清漆,将其涂敷到基膜上,加热以除去溶剂,由此在基膜上形成粘合剂层。作为基膜,可以使用聚四氟乙烯薄膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、经脱模处理的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜、聚乙烯薄膜、聚丙烯薄膜、聚甲基戊烯薄膜、聚酰亚胺薄膜等的塑料薄膜。基膜既可以在使用时剥离下来仅使用粘合膜,也可以与基膜一起使用,然后再除去之。
作为在本发明中使用的塑料薄膜,例如可以使用KAPTON(东丽-杜邦株式会社生产的商品名)、APIKAL(钟渊化学工业株式会社生产的商品名)等的聚酰亚胺薄膜,LUMIRROR-(东丽-杜邦株式会社生产的商品名)、PUREX(帝人株式会社生产的商品名)等的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜等。
清漆化的溶剂,优选使用沸点比较低的甲基乙基酮、丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、2-乙氧基乙醇、甲苯、丁基溶纤剂、甲醇、乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇等。此外,出于提高涂膜性等的目的,还可以加入高沸点溶剂。作为高沸点溶剂,可以举出二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、甲基吡咯烷酮、环己酮等。
清漆的制造,在考虑到无机填料的分散的情况下,可以用混砂机、3辊磨和珠磨机等,或者把它们组合起来进行。还可以采用预先把填料和低分子量物混合后,再配合高分子量物的办法来缩短混合所需要的时间。此外,在制成清漆之后,优选借助于真空脱气除去清漆中的气泡。
上述粘合剂可以采用把粘合剂清漆涂到上述塑料薄膜等的基膜上,加热干燥除去溶剂的办法制得,使这样得到的粘合剂处于放热量达到用DSC测定的总固化放热量10~40%的状态。除去溶剂时虽然加热,但这时进行粘合剂组合物的固化反应,开始凝胶化。这时的固化状态影响到粘合剂的流动性,使粘接性和操作性优化。DSC(示差扫描热分析)以零位法为测定原理,可以使用市售的测定装置。零位法测定原理是供给或除去热量,使得在测定温度范围内不断地抵消与不放热或吸热的标准样品之间的温度差。树脂组合物的反应是放热反应,若以恒定的升温速度使样品升温,则样品发生反应,放出热量。使该放热量输出到记录纸上,以基线为基准,求出由放热曲线和基线包围的面积,把该面积当做放热量。从室温到250℃以5~10℃/分的升温速度进行测定,求出上述的放热量。也有可以全自动进行测定的装置,使用全自动装置可以容易地进行测定。接着,用下述方法求出涂到上述基膜上并经干燥后得到的粘合剂的放热量。首先,在25℃下用真空干燥器使溶剂干燥,测定未固化样品的总放热量,将其作为A(J/g)。其次,测定涂敷、干燥后的样品的放热量,将其作为B。样品的固化度C(%)(经加热、干燥使放热结束后的状态)由下式(1)给出。
C(%)=(A-B)×100/A ...(1)
本发明的粘合剂用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的储存弹性模量,必须是在25℃为20~2000MPa,在260℃为3~50MPa的所谓低弹性模量。储存弹性模量的测定,用温度依赖性测定模式进行,这种模式如下:对粘合剂固化物(放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的95~100%的粘合剂)施加拉伸荷重,在频率10Hz下,以升温速度5~10℃/分,从-50℃升至300℃进行测定。在25℃下的储存弹性模量超过2000MPa的粘合剂,由于使由半导体芯片和印制布线基板的热膨胀系数之差造成的在回流时发生的应力缓和的效果减小,所以会使之发生裂缝。另一方面,在储存弹性模量不到20MPa时,粘合剂的操作性将变坏。优选为50~1000MPa。
本发明的特征是,含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物和环氧树脂系粘合剂在室温附近的弹性模量低。含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,为了降低在室温附近的弹性模量,采用增大含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物的混合比的办法,以缓和由半导体芯片和印制布线基板的热膨胀系数之差引起的、在回流时的加热冷却过程中发生的应力,借助于这种效果就可以抑制裂缝。此外,由于含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物与环氧树脂之间的反应性优良,粘合剂固化物由于在化学上、物理上稳定而在以PCT处理为代表的耐湿性试验中显示出优良的性能。此外,用下述的方法来解决现有的粘合膜强度降低、柔软性降低、胶粘性增大等来操作性方面的问题。
1)使用本发明中规定的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,可以抑制回流时发生裂缝。
2)使用分子量大的丙烯酸系共聚物,即使共聚物的添加量少的情况下,也可以确保粘合膜的薄膜强度和柔软性。
3)加入与环氧树脂具有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的高分子量树脂,可以降低胶粘性。
另外,若使用本发明的粘合剂,则由于环氧树脂与高分子量树脂相溶性好且均一,含于丙烯酸系共聚物中的环氧基与它们部分地进行反应,包括未反应的环氧树脂在内的全体进行交联而发生凝胶化,这就抑制了流动性,即便是在含有许多环氧树脂等的情况下,也不会损害操作性。此外,由于在凝胶内残存有许多未反应的环氧树脂,在施加压力的情况下,未反应成分从凝胶中渗出,即便是全体都已凝胶化的情况下,粘接性的降低也很少。
在粘合剂的干燥时,虽然含于含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物中的环氧基和环氧树脂都进行反应,但是,含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物的分子量大,在一个分子链中含有多个环氧基,故即便是在反应进行的情况下也发生凝胶化。通常,在放热量达到用DSC测定固化放热量的10~40%的状态,就是说在A阶段或B阶段的前半阶段发生凝胶化。因此,在含有许多环氧树脂等的未反应成分的状态下发生凝胶化,与未发生凝胶化的情况比,熔融粘度大幅度增大,且不会损害操作性。此外,在施加压力的情况下,由于未反应成分从凝胶中渗出,故即便是在已经凝胶化的情况下,粘接性降低很少。另外,粘合剂在含有许多环氧树脂等的未反应成分的状态下可以形成薄膜,故具有粘合膜寿命(有效使用期限)长的优点。
若用现有的环氧树脂系粘合剂,由于从B阶段的后半段开始到C阶段初的状态下才产生凝胶化,在发生凝胶化的阶段,环氧树脂等的未反应成分少,故流动性低,即便是在施加压力的情况下,从凝胶中渗出的未反应成分也少,所以粘接性降低。
应予说明,关于丙烯酸系共聚物中含有的环氧基和低分子量的环氧树脂的环氧基的反应容易程度虽然尚未弄明白,但是,只要至少具有同等程度的反应性即可,没有必要是那种仅选择性地与丙烯酸系共聚物中含有的环氧基进行反应的物质。
还有,在这种情况下,A、B、C阶段表示粘合剂固化的程度。A阶段是几乎未固化、且未凝胶化的状态,是放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的0~20%的状态。B阶段是已进行若干固化、凝胶化的状态,是放热量达到总固化放热量的20~60%的状态。C阶段是已相当固化、凝胶化的状态,是放热量达到总固化放热量的60~100%的状态。
关于凝胶化的判定,在把粘合剂浸泡到THF(四氢呋喃)等的浸透性大的溶剂中,在25℃下放置20个小时后,把完全不溶解而是处于溶胀状态的粘合剂判定为凝胶化。应予说明,在实验上用下述方法进行判定。
把粘合剂(重量W1)浸泡到THF中,在25℃放置20个小时后,用200目的尼龙布过滤不溶解成分,测定其干燥后的重量(W2)。用下式(2)计算THF的萃取率(%)。把THF萃取率超过80重量%的粘合剂判定为未凝胶化,把80重量%以下的粘合剂判定为已凝胶化。
THF萃取率(重量%)=(重量W1-重量W2)×100/重量W1...(2)
在本发明中,由于可以采用添加填料的办法来增加熔融粘度,还可以出现触变性,故可以进一步增大上述效果。
再有,除上述效果之外,还可以改善粘合剂的散热性、赋予粘合剂以阻燃性、在粘接温度下使之具有恰当的粘度,还可以赋予改善表面硬度等的特性。用本发明的粘合膜将半导体芯片和布线板粘接的半导体装置在耐回流性、温度循环试验、耐电腐蚀性、耐湿性(耐PCT性)等方面性能优良。
在本发明中,在芯材中使用的耐热性热塑性薄膜,优选玻璃化转变温度Tg为200℃以上的聚合物或液晶聚合物的薄膜,优选使用聚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚酰胺酰亚胺、聚醚酰亚胺或全芳香族聚酯等。薄膜的厚度优选在5~200微米的范围内使用,但并非限定于该范围。在把Tg为200℃以下的热塑性薄膜用作芯材时,在焊料回流等的高温时常常会引起塑性变形,是不理想的。
在本发明中,在芯材的两面上形成的粘合剂,可以采用先把粘合剂的各成分溶解或分散到溶剂中制成清漆,涂到构成芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜上,加热除去溶剂的办法进行制作,也可以采用在将成为芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜上形成粘合剂层的办法,得到3层结构的双面粘合膜。粘合剂的厚度可以在2~150微米的范围内使用,如比这更薄,则粘接性和热应力缓冲效果差,如比这厚,则不经济,但并不限定于此。
此外,还可以采用把粘合剂的各成分溶解或分散到溶剂中制成清漆,再把该清漆涂到基膜上,加热除去溶剂的办法,制作仅由粘合剂成分构成的粘合膜,再把仅由粘合剂成分构成的粘合膜贴到构成芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜的两面上的办法,得到3层结构的双面粘合膜。在这里,作为用于制作仅由粘合剂成分构成的粘合膜的基膜,可以使用聚四氟乙烯膜、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜、经脱模处理的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜、聚乙烯膜、聚丙烯膜、聚甲基戊烯膜、聚酰亚胺膜等的塑料薄膜。作为塑料薄膜,例如可以使用KAPTON(东丽-杜邦株式会社生产的商品名)、APIKAL(钟渊化学工业株式会社生产的商品名)等的聚酰亚胺薄膜,LUMIRROR-(东丽-杜邦株式会社生产的商品名)、PUREX(帝人株式会社生产的商品名)等的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜等。
清漆化的溶剂,优选用沸点比较低的甲基乙基酮、丙酮、甲基异丁基酮、2-乙氧基乙醇、甲苯、丁基溶纤剂、甲醇、乙醇、2-甲氧基乙醇等。此外,出于提高涂膜性等的目的,还可以加入高沸点溶剂。作为高沸点溶剂,可以举出二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、甲基吡咯烷酮、环己酮等。
清漆的制造,在已经考虑了无机填料的分散的情况下,可以用混砂机、3辊磨和珠磨机等,或者把它们组合起来进行。还可以采用在预先把填料和低分子量物混合后,配合高分子量物的办法,缩短混合所需要的时间。此外,在制成清漆之后,优选借助于真空脱气除去清漆中的气泡。
上述粘合剂可以采用把粘合剂清漆涂到构成芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜或上述塑料薄膜等的基膜上,加热干燥除去溶剂的办法制得,这样得到的粘合剂优选处于放热量达到用DSC测定的总固化放热量10~40%的状态。在除去溶剂时进行加热,这时粘合剂组合物发生固化反应,开始凝胶化。这时的固化状态影响到粘合剂的流动性,使粘接性和操作性。DSC(示差扫描热分析)以零位法为测定原理,可以使用市售的测定装置。零位法测定原理是供给或除去热量,使得在测定温度范围内不断地抵消与不放热或吸热的标准样品之间的温度差。树脂组合物的反应是放热反应,若以恒定的升温速度使样品升温,则样品发生反应,放出热量。使该放热量输出到记录纸上,以基线为基准,求出由放热曲线和基线包围的面积,把该面积作为放热量。从室温到250℃以5~10℃/分的升温速度进行测定,求上述的放热量。也有可以全自动进行这些测定的装置,若使用全自动装置则可以容易地进行测定。
用下述方法求出涂到构成芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜或基膜上并经干燥后得到的粘合剂的放热量。首先,仅取出粘合剂成分,在25℃下用真空干燥器使溶剂干燥,测定未固化样品的总放热量,将其作为A(J/g)。其次,测定涂敷、干燥后的样品的放热量,将其作为B。样品的固化度C(%)(经加热、干燥使放热结束后的状态)由下式给出。
C(%)=(A-B)×100/A ...(1)
本发明的粘合剂成分,其用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的储存弹性模量,优选在25℃为20~2000MPa,在260℃为3~50MPa的所谓低弹性模量。储存弹性模量的测定,用温度依赖性测定模式进行,这种模式如下:对粘合剂固化物施加拉伸荷重,在频率10Hz下,以升温速度5~10℃/分,从-50℃升温至300℃进行测定。在25℃下的储存弹性模量超过2000MPa的粘合剂,由于使由半导体芯片与印制布线基板的热膨胀系数之差造成的在回流时发生的应力缓和的效果减小,所以会使之发生裂缝。另一方面,在储存弹性模量不到20MPa时,粘合剂的操作性变坏。
本发明的特征是,采用在芯材中使用耐热性热塑性薄膜的三层结构,含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物和环氧树脂系粘合剂在室温附近的弹性模量低改善了粘合膜可操作性差的问题。就是说,借助于本发明的三层结构,在室温附近的无刚性的粘合膜的位置对准等的作业可以容易实现自动化,而且,还可以实现本粘合剂系的优良的热应力缓合效果。在本发明中,用下述方法来解决因现有的低弹性模量粘合膜刚性低等引起的操作性方面的问题。
3)采用把耐热性热塑性薄膜配置到芯材上的三层结构,可以容易地以薄膜状使用低弹性模量的粘合剂。
4)使用本发明中规定的构成芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜,可以抑制在回流时粘合膜的塑性变形。
另外,在本发明中,由于环氧树脂与高分子量树脂的相溶性好且均一,含于丙烯酸系共聚物中的环氧基与它们部分地进行反应,包括未反应的环氧树脂在内全体进行交联发生凝胶化,所以这将抑制流动性,即便是在含有许多环氧树脂等的情况下,也不会损害操作性。此外,由于在凝胶内残存有许多未反应的环氧树脂,故在施加压力的情况下,未反应成分从凝胶中渗出,故即便是全体都已凝胶化的情况下,粘接性的降低也小。
在粘合剂的干燥时,虽然含于含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物中的环氧基和环氧树脂都进行反应,但是,含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物的分子量大,在一个分子链中含有多个环氧基,故即便是在反应进行到一定程度的情况下也发生凝胶化。通常,在放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的10~40%的状态,就是说在A阶段或B阶段的前半阶段发生凝胶化。因此,在含有许多环氧树脂等的未反应成分的状态下发生凝胶化,与未发生凝胶化的情况比,熔融粘度大幅度增大,且不会损害操作性。此外,在施加压力的情况下,由于未反应成分从凝胶中渗出,故即便是在已经凝胶化的情况下,粘接性降低很少。另外,粘合剂在含有许多环氧树脂等的未反应成分的状态下可以形成薄膜,故具有粘合膜寿命(有效使用期限)长的优点。
若用现有的环氧树脂系粘合剂,由于从B阶段的后半段开始到C阶段初的状态下才产生凝胶化,在发生凝胶化的阶段,环氧树脂等的未反应成分少,故流动性低,即便是在施加压力的情况下,从凝胶中渗出的未反应成分也少,所以粘接性降低。
应予说明,关于丙烯酸系共聚物中含有的环氧基和低分子量环氧树脂的环氧基的反应容易程度虽然尚未弄明白,但是,只要至少具有同等程度的反应性即可,没有必要是那种仅选择性地与丙烯酸系共聚物中含有的环氧基进行反应的物质。
还有,在这种情况下,A、B、C阶段表示粘合剂固化的程度。A阶段是几乎未固化、且未凝胶化的状态,是放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的0~20%的状态。B阶段是已进行若干固化凝胶化的状态,是放热量达到总固化放热量的20~60%的状态。C阶段是已相当固化、凝胶化的状态,是放热量达到总固化放热量的60~100%的状态。
关于凝胶化的判定,在把粘合剂浸泡到THF(四氢呋喃)等的浸透性大的溶剂中,在25℃下放置20个小时后,把完全不溶解而是处于溶胀状态的粘合剂判定为凝胶化。应予说明,在实验上用下述方法进行判定。
把粘合剂(重量W1)浸泡到THF中,在25℃放置20个小时后,用200目的尼龙布过滤不溶解成分,测定其干燥后的重量(W2)。用下式(2)计算THF的萃取率(%)。把THF萃取率超过80重量%的粘合剂判定为未凝胶化,把80重量%以下的粘合剂判定为已凝胶化。
THF萃取率(重量%)=(重量W1-重量W2)×100/重量W1...(2)
在本发明中,由于可以采用添加填料的办法来增加熔融粘度,还可以出现触变性,故可以进一步增大上述效果。
再有,除上述效果之外,还可以改善粘合剂的散热性、赋予粘合剂以阴燃性、在粘接温度下使之具有恰当的粘度,还可以赋予改善表面硬度等的特性。
附图说明
图1(a)是本发明的单层热固性粘合膜的剖面图,图1(b)是本发明的三层粘合膜的剖面图。
图2是把粘接构件热压到有机布线基板上形成的半导体装载用基板的剖面图。
图3是把粘接构件热压到有机布线基板上形成的半导体装载用基板的剖面图。
图4是本发明的半导体装置的剖面图。
图5是本发明的半导体装置的另一个例子的剖面图。
图6是说明半导体装载用基板和半导体装置的一个实施例的制造工序的剖面图。
图7是说明半导体装载用基板和半导体装置的另一个实施例的制造工序的剖面图。
图8是本发明的半导体装置的另一个例子的剖面图。
具体实施方式
以下,根据附图对本发明的各种实施例进行说明。
<实施例1>
图1(a)是单层热固性粘合膜的剖面图,它是由热固性粘合剂1构成。其固化物用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的在25℃下的弹性模量规定为10~2000MPa的范围,而且,在260℃下的弹性模量规定为3~50MPa的范围,处于放热量达到用DSC(示差热量计)测定时总固化放热量的10~40%那种程度的半固化状态。使用把热固性粘合膜内残存的溶剂量干燥到2%以下的含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物薄膜。
图1(b)示出把热固性粘合剂1涂到聚酰亚胺膜2的两面上的三层粘合膜的剖面图。在本例中,作为聚酰亚胺膜,使用宇部兴产生产的50微米厚的UPILEX(商品名)。
图2是适于以金属丝键合方式把半导体端子部分和布线基板一侧端子部分连接起来的、把粘合构件3热压到有机布线基板4上形成的半导体装载用基板的剖面图,图3是适于以TAB的内部键合方式把半导体端子部分和布线基板一侧端子部分连接起来的、把粘合构件3热压到带状布线基板5上形成的半导体装载用基板的剖面图。图4是把芯片6面朝上粘接到图2的半导体装载用基板上,用金属丝7把半导体端子部分和布线板一侧端子键合起来,再用密封材料进行密封而构成的半导体装置的剖面图,图5是把芯片6面朝下粘接到图3的半导体装载用基板上之后,用TAB的内部键合方式,把半导体端子部分和基板一侧端子部分连接起来,再把芯片6的端面用液态密封材料8密封后构成的半导体装置的剖面图。另外,如图8所示,也可以把布线9形成于与基板的半导体芯片装载一侧的相反侧。在这种情况下,外部连接端子12形成于已在与半导体芯片装载一侧的相反侧形成的布线9的表面上。此外,布线9的露出部分被光刻胶11覆盖。
图6示出了半导体装载用基板和半导体装置的制造工序。
把由热固性粘合剂1构成的热固性粘合带(粘合构件)3,用冲切机切断成规定的大小(图6(a))。热固性粘合剂1的固化物,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的在25℃的弹性模量规定为10~2000MPa,且260℃的弹性模量规定为3~50MPa,处于放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的10~40%那种程度的半固化状态。
在施行1层Cu布线并形成外部焊料端子用通孔的聚酰亚胺膜基板(有机布线基板)4的表面上,将切断的热固性粘合带3精密地进行位置对准之后,用热压机进行热压,得到半导体装载用基板(图6(b))。
在本例中,分别进行热固性粘合膜的切断,向聚酰亚胺基板上的精密定位装载和临时固定,之后,用热压机对装载完毕的热固性粘合膜一揽子地进行正式热压,得到7个串连的框架状半导体装载用基板。此外在本例中,在切断热固性粘合膜3的工序之前,还实施吹入带电空气的静电除去工序,以防止带电的绝缘性薄膜在切断工序时贴到夹具上。此外在临时粘接和一揽子地进行正式粘接之际,还要对与热固性粘合膜3接触的热压机的上模具实施聚四氟乙烯或硅氧烷的脱模表面处理,以防止热固性薄膜粘到上模具上。把半导体芯片6面朝上地精密定位装载到这样得到的成组半导体装载用框架基板上,进行用热压机加压粘接的芯片贴装工序(图6(c))。在本例中,要把半导体芯片一侧的加热温度设定为至少高于半导体装载用基板一侧,从两面进行加热和加压固定。
之后,经过用金丝对半导体芯片一侧的端子部分和基板一侧的端子部分进行键合的金属丝键合工序(图6(d)),和用环氧树脂系密封材料传递模塑成型进行密封的密封工序(图6(e)),接着装载焊料球并经回流工序后,再经过形成外部端子9的焊料球形成工序,得到本发明的半导体装置(图6(f))。作为密封材料8,使用日立化成生产的联苯系环氧树脂密封材料CEL-9200(商品名)。
比较例1
在施行1层Cu布线且形成外部焊料端子用通孔的聚酰亚胺膜布线基板(与在实施例1中使用的基板相同)上面,用管芯键合装置滴下并涂敷绝缘性液态粘合剂,并精密地定位并装载半导体芯片。所说粘合剂以环氧树脂为主要成分,其固化物用DMA(动态粘弹性测定装置)测定的25℃的弹性模量为3000MPa。然后,在干净的烘箱内经过规定的固化时间之后,与实施例1一样,经金属丝键合工序、密封工序和焊料球形成工序,得到半导体装置。
比较例2
在与实施例1中使用的基板相同的聚酰亚胺布线基板上,用管芯键合装置滴下并涂敷绝缘性液态粘合剂,装载半导体芯片。所说粘合剂以环氧树脂为主要成分,其固化物在25℃的弹性模量为10MPa,且260℃的弹性模量小到不能测定的那种程度。然后,经过与实施例1相同的工序得到半导体装置。
<实施例2>
图7示出了半导体装载用基板和半导体装置的制造工序。
把由热固性粘合剂1构成的热固性粘合带(粘合构件)3,用冲切机切断成规定的大小(图7(a))。热固性粘合剂1的固化物,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定的在25℃的弹性模量规定为10~2000MPa,且260℃的弹性模量规定为3~50MPa,处于放热量达到用DSC测定时总固化放热量的10~40%那种程度的半固化状态。
在施行1层Cu布线并形成与TAB带同样的内引线部分和外部焊料端子用通孔的聚酰亚胺膜基板5的表面上,将切断的热固性粘合带3精密地进行位置对准之后,用热压机进行热压,得到半导体装载用基板(图7(b))。
在本例中,经过与在实施例1中所述的切断工序前的静电除去工序、和向热压机上模具面上施行脱模表面处理的相同的工序,得到成组的半导体装载用框架基板。
然后,使半导体芯片6面朝下进行精密位置对准后依次装载到半导体装载用框架基板上,用热压机进行热压(图7(c))。之后,经过用TAB内引线键合机(在本例中,是单点键合机)分别把本身为基板一侧端子的Cu内引线部分10连接到芯片一侧端子上的内引线键合(图7(d)),用分配器把环氧系液态密封材料8被覆到芯片端面和聚酰亚胺膜基板5的表面上(图7(e)),再经规定的加热和固化时间后,得到半导体装置(图7(f))。在本例中,内引线部分使用在Cu上边镀Sn的引线,半导体端子部分使用形成镀Au凸起的端子,用Au/Sn接合进行连接。
比较例3
在施行1层Cu布线且形成TAB带的内引线部分和外部焊料端子用通孔的与实施例2相同的聚酰亚胺膜基板的表面上,用管芯键合装置滴下并涂敷绝缘性液态粘合剂,并精密地定位并装载半导体芯片。所说粘合剂以环氧树脂为主要成分,其固化物用DMA测定的25℃的弹性模量为3000MPa。但是,树脂一直流淌到内部键合部分,之后的内部键合虽无法进行,但保持这种样子不变地与实施例2一样,用以环氧树脂为主体的液态密封材料,对芯片端面进行密封,形成焊料球,得到比较品。
比较例4
在施行1层Cu布线且形成TAB带的内引线部分和外部焊料端子用通孔的与实施例2相同的聚酰亚胺膜基板上,用管芯键合装置滴下并涂敷绝缘性液态粘合剂,并与实施例2同样地装载半导体芯片。所说粘合剂以硅氧烷树脂为主要成分,其固化物在25℃的弹性模量为10MPa,且在260℃的弹性模量小到不能测定的那种程度。但是,树脂一直流淌到内部键合部分,之后的内部键合虽无法进行,但保持这种样子不变地与实施例2一样,用以环氧树脂为主体的液态密封材料,对芯片端面进行密封,形成焊料球,得到比较品。
比较例5
向聚四氟乙烯板上模注以硅氧烷树脂为主要成分,其固化物在25℃的弹性模量为10MPa,且在260℃的弹性模量小到不能测定的那种程度的绝缘性粘合剂,之后,用规定的加热温度和时间使之固化后,得到低弹性的薄膜。在该薄膜的两面上,涂敷在比较例3中所说的以环氧树脂为主体的热固性粘合剂,在施行1层Cu布线且形成TAB带的内引线部分和外部焊料端子用通孔的与实施例2相同的,聚酰亚胺膜基板的表面上,用热压机热压,然后,在将半导体芯片面朝下地粘接后,经过在实施例2中所述的内引线键合工序、密封工序后,形成焊料球,得到比较品。
对实施例1、实施例2、比较例1~5的半导体装置实施耐吸湿回流试验的同时,还对已回流装配到FR-4布线基板上的各半导体装置实施耐温度循环试验。试验结果示于表1。对于吸湿回流试验,在吸湿前和在85℃以及85%RH的条件下使之吸湿24小时和48小时之后,在最高温度240℃下实施IR回流,用SAT(超声波探测探伤装置)考察实验品中的剥离和裂缝,在表1中示出了其结果。此外,在最高温度240℃下实施IR软化,用SAT(超声波探测探伤装置)考察实验中的剥离和裂缝,各样品的耐温度循环试验是在基板装配后实施-25℃(30分,空气中)~150℃(30分,空气中)的温度循环,然后用4端子法测定封装的外部端子的焊料球连接电阻,把电阻在50mΩ以上的样品当作不合格。
[表1]
耐软化性 | 耐温度循环性 | ||||
初始情况IR | 85℃85%RH24h+IR | 85℃85%RH48h+IR | -50℃~150℃ | ||
500次循环 | 1000次循环 | ||||
实施例1比较例1比较例2实施例2比较例3比较例4比较例5 | ○△×○××△ | ○△×○××× | ○××○××× | ○○○○--○ | ○×○○--○ |
(注)
耐回流性
○:在芯片6和有机布线基板4、5与热固性粘合剂3之间的界面上剥离和气泡极少,不能用SAT(超声波探测探伤装置)检测。
A:10个样品中2~3个在涂敷热固性粘合剂3时,向有机布线基板的布线之间的埋入不充分,观察到了气泡,且该部位正在发展为剥离。
×:10个样品中有10个的上述剥离到达封装的外部,回流后膨胀扩充到封装内,且观察到裂缝。还观察到剥离后使金属丝键合部分和内引线部分发生断线的样品。
耐温度循环性
○:焊料球连接部分的连接电阻不变化。
×:至少存在一个的焊料球连接部分的连接电阻超过50mΩ。
-:不能进行内部键合,不能测定连接电阻。不能进行评价。
<实施例3>
作为环氧树脂,使用双酚A型环氧树脂(环氧当量200,YukaShell Epoxy株式会社生产的EPIKOTE 828)45重量份;甲酚可溶酚醛型环氧树脂(环氧当量220,住友化学工业株式会社生产的ESCN001)15重量份;作为环氧树脂固化剂,使用可溶可熔酚醛型环氧树脂(大日本油墨化学工业株式会社生产的PLYOPHENLF2882)40重量份;作为与环氧树脂有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的高分子量树脂,使用苯氧基树脂(分子量5万,东都化成株式会社生产的PHENOTOHTO YP-50)15重量份;作为含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶,使用含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶(分子量100万,帝国化学产业株式会社生产的HTR-860-P3)150重量份;作为固化促进剂,使用固化促进剂1-氰乙基-2-苯基咪唑(CUREZOLE 2PZ-CN)0.5重量份;作为硅烷偶合剂,使用γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(日本Unicar株式会社生产的NUC A-187)0.7重量份,向上述组成的组合物中加入甲基乙基酮并进行混合搅拌,进行真空脱气。把所得到的清漆涂到厚度为75微米的已进行了脱模处理的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜上,在140℃下加热干燥5分钟,形成厚度为80微米的B阶段状态的涂膜,作成粘合膜。
在该状态下,粘合剂的固化度用DSC(杜邦公司生产的912型DSC)测定(升温速度10℃/分)的结果,是总固化放热量的15%的放热结束后的状态。此外,在把粘合剂(重量W1)浸泡于THF中,并在25℃放置20个小时后,用200目的尼龙布过滤不溶解部分,测定其干燥后的重量(重量W2),求出THF萃取率(=(W1-W2)×100/W1),THF萃取率为35重量%。此外,用动态粘弹性测定装置(RHEOLOGY公司生产,DVE-V4)测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量(样品尺寸:长度20mm、宽度4mm、膜厚80微米,升温速度:5℃/分,拉伸模式、自动静荷重)的结果,在25℃为360MPa,在260℃为4MPa。
<实施例4>
除去把在实施例3中使用的苯氧基树脂变更为含羧基丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(分子量40万,使用日本合成橡胶株式会社生产的PNR-1)之外,经与实施例3相同的处理制成粘合膜。应予说明,在该状态下的粘合剂的固化度,用DSC进行测定的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的20%的状态。THF萃取率是35重量%。用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃是300MPa,在260℃是3MPa。
<实施例5>
对于实施例3的粘合剂清漆的粘合剂固形成分100体积份,向其中加入10体积份的二氧化硅,用珠磨机混炼60分钟,用这样形成的清漆经与实施例3同样的处理制成粘合膜。用DSC测定的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的15%的状态。THF萃取率为30重量%。另外,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃是1500MPa,在260℃是10MPa。
<实施例6>
除不使用在实施例3中使用的苯氧基树脂以外,经与实施例3同样的处理制成粘合膜。用DSC测定的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的15%的状态。THF萃取率为35重量%。另外,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃是350MPa,在260℃是4MPa。
<比较例6>
除把实施例3的含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶的量从150重量份换成50重量份外,经与实施例3同样的处理制成粘合膜。用DSC测定的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的20%的状态。THF萃取率为40重量%。另外,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃是3000MPa,在260℃是5MPa。
<比较例7>
除把实施例3的含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶的量从150重量份换成400重量份外,经与实施例3同样的处理制成粘合膜。用DSC测定的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的20%的状态。THF萃取率为30重量%。另外,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃是200MPa,在260℃是1MPa。
<比较例8>
除把实施例3的含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶的量从150重量份换成苯氧基树脂(苯氧基树脂160重量份)外,经与实施例3同样的处理制成粘合膜。该粘合膜为总固化放热量的20%,THF萃取率为90重量%。另外,储存弹性模量,在25℃是3400MPa,在260℃是3MPa。
<比较例9>
除把实施例3的含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶换成丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶外,经与实施例3同样的处理制成粘合膜。该粘合膜为总固化放热量的20%,THF萃取率为90重量%。另外,储存弹性模量,在25℃是500MPa,在260℃是2MPa。
对于用所得到的粘合膜制成的半导体装置,考查其耐热性、耐电腐蚀性和耐湿性。耐热性的评价方法中,采用把半导体芯片和基材使用25微米厚聚酰亚胺膜的柔软性印制布线板用粘合膜粘贴而成的半导体装置样品(在一个面上形成焊料球)的耐回流裂缝性和温度循环试验。耐回流裂缝性的评价是这样进行的:先将样品送入已设定温度的IR(红外线)回流炉内,以使得样品表面的最高温度为240℃并保持该温度20秒,在室温下放置冷却,反复进行2次处理后,观察样品中的裂缝。没发生裂缝的样品定为良好,发生裂缝的样品定为不合格。温度循环试验是将样品在-55℃的气氛中放置30分钟,然后在125℃的气氛中放置30分钟,把该工序当作一个循环,表示为直到发生破坏为止的循环次数。此外,耐电腐蚀性的评价是这样进行的:在FR-4基板上形成线条/间隔=75/75微米的梳状图形,然后把粘合膜贴到其上边,在85℃/85%RH/施力DC6V的条件下测定这样制成的样品1000小时后的绝缘电阻值。绝缘电阻值在10Ω以上的为良好,不到10Ω的为不合格。此外,耐湿性评价是这样进行的:把半导体装置样品放在加压蒸煮实验器中进行96个小时的处理(PCT处理)后,观察粘合膜的剥离和变色。把未看出粘合膜的剥离和变色的视为良好,把有剥离成的有变色的作为不合格。其结果示于表2。
[表2]
特性 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 比较例6 | 比较例7 | 比较例8 | 比较例9 |
耐热性耐回流裂缝性温度循环试验(循环)耐电腐蚀性耐湿性(耐PCT性)粘合性粘合膜操作性 | 良好3,000良好良好良好 | 良好3,000良好良好良好 | 良好3,000良好良好良好 | 良好3,000良好良好良好 | 不合格700良好良好良好 | 良好3,000良好良好不合格 | 不合格500良好不合格良好 | 良好1,500不合格不合格良好 |
粘合膜贮藏弹性模数(MPa)25℃260℃ | 3604 | 3003 | 1,50010 | 3504 | 3,0005 | 2001 | 3,4003 | 5002 |
DSC放热状态THF萃取率(重量%) | 1535 | 2035 | 1530 | 1535 | 2040 | 2030 | 2090 | 2090 |
实施例3、4和5不论哪一个都是同时含有环氧树脂及其固化剂、与环氧树脂具有相溶性的高分子量树脂、含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物、固化促进剂的粘合剂,实施例6是同时含有环氧树脂及其固化剂、含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物和固化促进剂的粘合剂,显示出本发明中规定的25℃和260℃下的储存弹性模量。它们的耐回流裂缝性、温度循环试验、耐电腐蚀性、耐PCT性是良好的。
比较例6由于在本发明中规定的含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物的量少,故储存弹性模量高,不能缓和应力,耐回流裂缝性、温度循环试验的结果不好,可靠性不好。此外,比较例7由于在本发明中规定的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物的量过多,故虽然储存弹性模量低,是良好的,但粘合膜的操作性不好。比较例8由于其组成中不含在本发明中规定的含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物,故储存弹性模量高,和比较例6一样,不能缓和应力,在耐回流裂缝性、温度循环试验中的结果不好。比较例9给出了下述结果:不含在本发明中规定的含环氧基丙烯酸共聚物,而含有除此之外的橡胶成分,在25℃的储存弹性模量虽然低,但耐电腐蚀性方面不好。
<实施例7>
作为环氧树脂使用双酚A型环氧树脂(环氧当量200,Yuka ShellEpoxy株式会社生产的商品名为EPIKOTE 828的产品)45重量份;甲酚可溶酚醛型环氧树脂(环氧当量220,住友化学工业株式会社生产,商品名为ESCN001)15重量份;作为环氧树脂的固化剂,使用可溶可熔酚醛型环氧树脂(大日本油墨化学工业株式会社生产的商品名为PLYOPHEN LF2882)40重量份;作为与环氧树脂有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的高分子量树脂,使用苯氧基树脂(分子量5万,东都化成株式会社生产的商品名为PHENOTOHTO YP-50)15重量份;作为含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,使用含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶(分子量100万,帝国化学产业株式会社生产的商品名为HTR-860P-3)150重量份;作为固化促进剂,使用固化促进剂1-氰乙基-2-苯基咪唑(CUREZOLE 2PZ-CN)0.5重量份;作为硅烷偶合剂,使用γ-环氧丙氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(日本Unicar株式会社生产的商品名为NUC A-187)0.7重量份,向上述组成的组合物中加入甲基乙基酮并进行混合搅拌,进行真空脱气。把所得到的清漆涂到厚度为50微米的已进行了等离子体处理的聚酰亚胺膜上,在130℃下加热干燥5分钟,形成厚度为50微米的B阶段状态的涂膜,作成单面粘合膜。其次,在该单面粘合膜的聚酰亚胺膜的未涂敷粘合剂的那一面上涂敷同样的清漆,在140℃下加热干燥5分钟,形成膜厚为50微米的B阶段状态的涂膜,制作成三层结构的双面粘合膜。
在该状态下,粘合膜的粘合剂成分的固化度,用DSC(杜邦公司生产的商品名为912型的DSC)进行测定(升温速度为10℃/分)的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的15%的状态。此外,在把粘合剂(重量W1)浸泡于THF中,并在25℃放置20个小时后,用200目的尼龙布过滤不溶解部分,测定其干燥后的重量(重量W2),求出THF萃取率(=(W1-W2)×100/W1),THF萃取率为35重量%。此外,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃为360MPa,在260℃为4MPa。
<实施例8>
除了把在实施例7中使用的苯氧基树脂换成含羧基丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶(分子量40万,日本合成橡胶株式会社生产,商品名为PNR-1)之外,经与实施例7相同的处理制作三层结构的双面粘合膜。应予说明,在该状态下的粘合膜的粘合剂成分的固化度,用DSC测定的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的20%的状态。THF萃取率为35重量%。此外,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃为300MPa,在260℃为3MPa。
<实施例9>
把在实施例7中使用的粘合剂清漆涂到厚度为50微米的聚对本二甲酸乙二醇酯膜上,在140℃加热干燥5分钟,形成膜厚为50微米的B阶段状态的涂膜,制成用于层合到构成芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜上的粘合膜。在层压机压辊温度80℃,供料速度0.2m/分,线压5kg的层压条件下,用真空层压机把该粘合膜层合到厚度为50微米的已经施行了等离子体处理的聚酰亚胺膜的两面上,由此制作三层结构的双面粘合膜。应予说明,在该状态下的粘合膜的粘合剂成分的固化度,用DSC测定的结果,处于放热量达到总固化放热量的20%的放热结束后的状态。THF萃取率为35重量%。此外,用动态粘弹性测定装置测定粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量的结果,在25℃为360MPa,在260℃为4MPa。
<比较例10>
把在实施例7中使用的粘合剂清漆涂到厚度为50微米的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯膜上,在140℃加热干燥5分钟,形成膜厚为75微米的B阶段状态的涂膜,制成粘合膜。用2枚该粘合膜,在与实施例9相同的层压条件下使之层合成不用芯材的粘合膜。所得到的粘合膜的粘合剂成分为总固化放热量的20%,THF萃取率为35重量%。此外,储存弹性模量在25℃为360MPa,在260℃为4MPa。
<比较例11>
除了把实施例7的作为构成芯材的耐热性热塑性薄膜使用的聚酰亚胺膜换成为聚丙烯膜外,经与实施例7相同的处理制成三层结构的双面粘合膜。该粘合膜的粘合剂成分为总固化放热量的20%,THF萃取率为35重量%。此外,储存弹性模量在25℃为360MPa,在260℃为4MPa。
<比较例12>
除了把实施例7的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物换成苯氧基树脂外(苯氧基树脂165重量份),经与实施例7相同的处理制成三层结构的双面粘合膜。该粘合膜的粘合剂成分为总固化放热量的20%,THF萃取率为90重量%。此外,储存弹性模量,在25℃为3400MPa,在260℃为3MPa。
<比较例13>
除了把实施例7的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物换成丙烯腈-丁二烯橡胶外,经与实施例7相同的处理制成三层结构的双面粘合膜。该粘合膜的粘合剂成分为总固化放热量的20%,THF萃取率为90重量%。此外,储存弹性模量在25℃为500MPa,在260℃为2MPa。
对于所得到的粘合膜,考察其耐热性、耐电腐蚀性和耐湿性。耐热性的评价方法中,采用把半导体芯片和印制布线板用三层结构的双面粘合膜粘贴而成的样品的耐回流裂缝性和温度循环试验。耐回流裂缝性的评价是这样进行的:先将样品送入已设定温度的IR回流炉内,以使得样品表面的最高温度为240℃并保持该温度20秒,在室温下放置冷却,反复进行2次处理后,观察样品中的裂缝。没发生裂缝的样品定为良好,发生裂缝的样品定为不合格。温度循环试验是将样品在-55℃的气氛中放置30分钟,然后在125℃的气氛中放置30分钟,把该工序当作一个循环,表示为直到发生破坏为止的循环次数。
耐电腐蚀性的评价是这样进行的:在FR-4基板上形成线条/间隔=75/75微米的梳状图形,然后把粘合膜贴到其上边,在85℃/85%RH施加DC6V的条件下测定这样制成的样品1000小时后的绝缘电阻值。绝缘电阻值在10Ω以上的为良好,不到10Ω的为不合格。
耐湿性评价是这样进行的:把半导体装置样品放在加压蒸煮实验器中进行96个小时的处理(PCT处理)后,观察粘合膜的剥离和变色。把未看出粘合膜的剥离和变色的视为良好,把有剥离或有变色的作为不合格。其结果示于表3。
[表3]
特性 | 实施例7 | 实施例8 | 实施例9 | 比较例10 | 比较例11 | 比较例12 | 比较例13 |
操作性耐热性耐回流裂缝性温度循环试验[循环]耐电腐蚀性耐湿性(耐PCT性) | 良好良好3000<良好良好 | 良好良好3000<良好良好 | 良好不合格3000<良好良好 | 不合格良好3000<良好良好 | 良好不合格1000良好良好 | 良好不合格500良好不合格 | 良好良好1500不合格不合格 |
粘合剂成分的储存弹性模数[MPa]25℃260℃ | 3604 | 3003 | 3604 | 3604 | 3604 | 34003 | 5002 |
实施例7、8、9不论哪一个都是把耐热性热塑性薄膜用做芯材的三层结构的双面粘合膜,在粘合剂成分中都含有环氧树脂及其固化剂、与环氧树脂有相溶性的高分子量树脂和含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,显示出在本发明中规定的25℃和260℃下的储存弹性模量。它们的操作性优良,耐回流裂缝性、温度循环试验、耐电腐蚀性和耐PCT性良好。
比较例10由于不是把耐热性热塑性薄膜用做本发明中规定的芯材的三层结构的双面粘合膜,故操作性不好。比较例11由于把耐热性不好的聚丙烯膜用做芯材,故耐回流性和温度循环试验的结果不好。比较例12由于其组成中不合在本发明中规定的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,故显示出25℃下的储存弹性模量超过了规定的数值,耐回流裂缝性和温度循环试验的结果不好。比较例13由于与规定的25℃下的储存弹性模量一致但却不含本发明中规定的含环氧基丙烯酸橡胶,故表现出耐电腐蚀性和耐PCT性不好的结果。
工业上利用的可能性
采用本发明,可以制造耐吸湿回流性优良且在已经装配到母板上的状态下的耐温度循环性优良的半导体封装。
本发明的粘合剂和粘合膜,由于在室温附近的弹性模量低,在把半导体芯片装配到以玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基板或和聚酰亚胺基板为代表的刚性印制布线板和挠性印制布线板上的情况下,可以缓和因热膨胀系数之差引起的加热冷却时的热应力。因此,回流时没有发现裂缝发生,耐热性优良。此外,含有作为低弹性模量成分的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,可以提供一种耐电腐蚀性、耐湿性优良,特别是在PCT处理等严格的条件下进行耐湿试验时劣化少的粘合材料。
把耐热性热塑性薄膜用做本发明的芯材的三层结构的双面粘合膜,尽管粘合剂层在室温附近的弹性模量低,但操作性优良,而且在把半导体芯片装配到以玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基板和聚酰亚胺基板为代表的刚性印制布线板和挠性印制布线板上的情况下,可以缓和因热膨胀系数之差引起的加热冷却时的热应力。因此,回流时没有发现裂缝发生,耐热性优良。此外,含有作为低弹性模量成分的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物,可以提供一种耐电腐蚀性、耐湿性优良,特别是在PCT处理等严格的条件下进行耐湿试验时劣化少的粘合材料。
本发明的、外部端子被区域阵列状地排列在基板背面上的半导体封装,非常适合于装配到特别是便携式机器或PDA用途的小型电子机器上。
Claims (18)
1.一种粘合剂,被用在使半导体器件粘合于支持构件的半导体装置的制造方法中,其特征在于:
上述粘合剂是热固化性的粘合剂;
使用动态粘弹性测定装置进行测定时的粘合剂固化物的储存弹性模量在25℃下为10~2000MPa、在260℃下为3~50Mpa;
所述粘合剂处于用示差热量计测定时的总固化放热量的10~40%的放热结束后的状态。
2.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征在于:
残存溶剂量在5重量%以下。
3.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征在于:
上述粘合剂还含有环氧树脂及固化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的粘合剂,其特征在于:
上述环氧树脂是2官能以上其分子量不足5000。
5.权利要求3所述的粘合剂,其特征是:上述固化剂是酚醛树脂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征在于:
上述粘合剂还含有含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的粘合剂,其特征在于:
上述含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物含有2~6重量%的丙烯酸缩水甘油酯或者甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯,玻璃化转变温度在-10℃以下、且重均分子量在80万以上。
8.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征在于:
还含有固化促进剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征在于:
还含有与环氧树脂具有相溶性且重均分子量在3万以上的树脂。
10.权利要求1所述的粘合剂,其特征是:上述粘合剂含有以下组分:
(1)环氧树脂及其固化剂100重量份;
(2)含甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯2~6重量%的、玻璃化转变温度大于等于-10℃且重均分子量大于等于80万的含环氧基丙烯酸系共聚物100~300重量份;
(3)固化促进剂0.1~5重量份;以及
(4)与环氧树脂具有相溶性且重均分子量大于等于3万的高分子量树脂10~40重量份。
11.权利要求10所述的粘合剂,其特征是:
上述(4)中的高分子量树脂是苯氧基树脂,
上述固化剂是酚醛树脂。
12.一种通过粘合构件把半导体芯片装载到有机系支持基板上的半导体装置,其特征是:
在上述有机系支持基板的半导体芯片装载侧和与装载半导体芯片一侧的相反侧中的至少任意一侧,形成规定的布线,
在上述有机系支持基板的与半导体芯片装载侧的相反侧区域阵列状地形成外部连接用端子,
上述规定的布线把半导体芯片端子和上述外部连接用端子连接起来,
至少对上述半导体芯片端子与规定的布线之间的连接部分进行树脂密封,
上述粘合构件是使权利要求1中所述的粘合剂总固化后所构成的构件。
13.权利要求12所述的半导体装置,其特征是:将规定的布线和半导体芯片端子进行金属丝键合或直接地连接。
14.权利要求12所述的半导体装置,其特征是:上述粘合构件是一种在芯材的两面上形成有权利要求1所述的粘合剂层的结构。
15.一种粘合膜,其特征在于:
薄膜状地形成权利要求1所述的粘合剂。
16.一种粘合膜,其特征在于:
其为具备芯材、和在该芯材的两面上设置权利要求1所述的粘合剂层的三层结构。
17.根据权利要求16所述的粘合膜,其特征在于:
上述芯材的玻璃化转变温度在200℃以上。
18.根据权利要求16所述的粘合膜,其特征在于:
上述芯材从聚酰亚胺、聚醚砜、聚酰胺酰亚胺以及聚醚酰亚胺之中进行选择。
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KR (3) | KR100603484B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN1237274A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU4471797A (zh) |
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JPH07292339A (ja) * | 1994-04-21 | 1995-11-07 | Nippon Carbide Ind Co Inc | 金属箔張積層板用接着剤組成物及び金属箔張積層板用接着シート |
US5753362A (en) * | 1994-08-12 | 1998-05-19 | Soken Chemical & Engineering Co., Ltd. | Acrylic sheet, acrylic adhesive sheet and processes for preparing the sheets |
JPH08115997A (ja) * | 1994-10-13 | 1996-05-07 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体装置及びその製造方法 |
JPH08113765A (ja) | 1994-10-17 | 1996-05-07 | Mitsui Toatsu Chem Inc | 熱接着複合テープ |
JPH08148815A (ja) | 1994-11-17 | 1996-06-07 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | フレキシブル印刷配線板用カバーレイフィルム |
JP3008009B2 (ja) * | 1994-12-12 | 2000-02-14 | ヤマウチ株式会社 | 磁気記録媒体のカレンダー用樹脂ロールおよびその製造法 |
DE69606396T2 (de) * | 1995-04-04 | 2000-07-27 | Hitachi Chemical Co., Ltd. | Klebstoff, klebstofffilm und metallfolie, die auf ihrer rückseite mit klebstoff vorsehen ist |
TW310481B (zh) * | 1995-07-06 | 1997-07-11 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | |
TW340967B (en) * | 1996-02-19 | 1998-09-21 | Toray Industries | An adhesive sheet for a semiconductor to connect with a substrate, and adhesive sticking tape for tab, an adhesive sticking tape for wire bonding connection, a substrate for connecting with a semiconductor and a semiconductor device |
KR100603484B1 (ko) * | 1996-10-08 | 2006-07-24 | 히다치 가세고교 가부시끼가이샤 | 접착제 및 양면 접착 필름 |
TW383435B (en) * | 1996-11-01 | 2000-03-01 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Electronic device |
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-
1997
- 1997-10-08 KR KR1020067003654A patent/KR100603484B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-08 WO PCT/JP1997/003618 patent/WO1998015975A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 1997-10-08 TW TW086114778A patent/TW422874B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-08 JP JP51739298A patent/JP3453390B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-08 EP EP97943157A patent/EP0959498B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-08 CN CN97199604A patent/CN1237274A/zh active Pending
- 1997-10-08 KR KR10-2001-7008229A patent/KR100507584B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-10-08 EP EP06123023A patent/EP1793421A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-10-08 AU AU44717/97A patent/AU4471797A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-10-08 US US09/284,131 patent/US6265782B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-10-08 CN CNB2004100621234A patent/CN1288731C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-10-08 KR KR10-2003-7001306A patent/KR20040000387A/ko active Search and Examination
- 1997-10-08 DE DE69738783T patent/DE69738783D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-04-26 US US09/842,441 patent/US6621170B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1793421A2 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
CN1237274A (zh) | 1999-12-01 |
WO1998015975A1 (fr) | 1998-04-16 |
JP3453390B2 (ja) | 2003-10-06 |
US20010022404A1 (en) | 2001-09-20 |
EP1793421A3 (en) | 2007-08-01 |
EP0959498A1 (en) | 1999-11-24 |
KR20030096437A (ko) | 2003-12-31 |
KR20060024464A (ko) | 2006-03-16 |
KR100603484B1 (ko) | 2006-07-24 |
CN1551315A (zh) | 2004-12-01 |
AU4471797A (en) | 1998-05-05 |
US6621170B2 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
KR100507584B1 (ko) | 2005-08-10 |
TW422874B (en) | 2001-02-21 |
EP0959498A4 (en) | 2006-03-22 |
DE69738783D1 (de) | 2008-07-31 |
US6265782B1 (en) | 2001-07-24 |
EP0959498B1 (en) | 2008-06-18 |
KR20040000387A (ko) | 2004-01-03 |
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