CN112602522A - Method for grafting germ roots of small camellia oleifera seedlings - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for grafting germ roots of small oil-tea seedlings, which comprises the steps of screening and sowing oil-tea seeds, selecting and preparing nursery lands, preparing nutrient soil and containers, collecting and processing grafted scions, determining proper grafting time, processing stock seedlings, cutting off germ roots, grafting the germ roots and managing the container seedlings No sprout, high purity of fine breed, high survival rate, convenient construction and operation, saving manpower and material resources, etc.

Description

Method for grafting germ roots of small camellia oleifera seedlings

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of economic forest seedling raising, and particularly relates to a method for grafting a rootstock of a small camellia oleifera seedling.

Background

Tea-oil camellia, another name: tea seed number, tea oil tree, and white flower tea; camellia oleifera belongs to Theaceae, and is a evergreen small arbor. Its seed can be used for extracting oil and eating, so its name is. The tea oil is clear in color, delicious, rich in nutrition and durable in storage, and is high-quality edible oil. The tea cake is not only a pesticide but also a fertilizer, can improve the water storage capacity of a farmland and prevent and control pests in a rice field, and the shells are raw materials for extracting baking glue and active carbon.

Anhui is one of suitable cultivation areas of the oil tea, the cultivation area of the Anhui oil tea reaches 300 mu of a thousand by 2019, and the Anhui oil tea exceeds Chinese chestnuts and tea leaves, so that the Anhui oil tea becomes an economic forest tree species with the largest area in the whole province. The grafting of the small seedlings of the germ roots of the camellia oleifera is the key for breeding the camellia oleifera seedlings with high quality and afforestation in a large scale.

The conventional oil tea grafting method, namely the oil tea embryo axis grafting method: the bud stock seedling is divided into three parts of root stem and leaf, the diameter of the embryonic axis stem of the common bud stock seedling is 0.2cm, the diameter of the embryonic root is about 0.4cm, a conventional grafting method is that one section of the embryonic axis stem is cut off, the embryonic axis stem is kept for 2-3cm, the stem is broken by a blade, and the depth is about 1.3-1.5 cm; firstly, the cut scion is inserted into the cut of the stem, and is pinched by an aluminum sheet, and the grafted seedling is buried in soil to be cultivated into a container seedling.

The grafting method has serious defects in practice, namely, in the process of cultivating and growing the seedlings, the stems of the seedlings are easy to germinate into branches (seedlings), and the branches are easy to germinate repeatedly though being manually removed; if the sprouts are not removed, a large number of seedlings are formed; this brings trouble to the management of the grafted seedling in the later stage, and a large amount of manual labor is needed to remove sprouts. In practice, it was found that even forest trees had few germinating branches. Secondly, the embryonic axis stem is brittle and is easy to crack when grafting and cutting, so that the grafting success rate is reduced.

Therefore, the improvement of the grafting technology and method, the improvement of the seedling quality, the reduction of seedling loss and labor cost are the problems to be solved urgently in the production of the camellia oleifera seedlings.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for grafting the radicles of small seedlings of camellia oleifera.

The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows:

in the prior art, a method for grafting the camellia oleifera mostly adopts a hypocotyl grafting method, the stem section of a stock seedling is cut in the process, the cut scion is inserted into the cut of the stem section of the stock seedling, the stock seedling is pinched and folded by a thin aluminum sheet, a container seedling grafted by the stock seedling is planted in a special substrate container, and the stock seedling is cultivated for more than 17-22 months under certain conditions and is taken out of a garden for forestation; the prior art has the defects that: because the stem part of the container grafted seedling is easy to be burred with branches in the cultivation process, the grafted seedling is easy to repeatedly germinate although being manually removed; if the sprouts are not removed, a large number of seedlings are formed; the method brings troubles to the management in the later grafting period, and a large amount of manual sprout removal is needed; in practice, it is found that even forest trees have few germinating branches; secondly, the embryonic axis stem is brittle and is easy to crack when cutting the scions, so that the grafting success rate is reduced. In addition, the stock seedling grows by growing roots first and then growing buds, the buds and the buds grow slowly, and the stock seedling is not supplied in the early stage of grafting, so that the grafting task is influenced.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for grafting a rootstock of a small camellia oleifera seedling comprises the following steps:

firstly, screening and sowing oil-tea camellia seeds: selecting high-quality camellia seeds, sowing the seeds in the sand in the last ten days of 10 months or the next month to 2 months of the year, and planting and maintaining to obtain stock seedlings;

step two, arranging nursery lands and placing container matrix cups: arranging nursery lands and arranging the container matrix cups in the nursery lands for placing seedbeds; the matrix cups of the container are placed for 14 thousands/mu;

thirdly, collecting and processing grafted scions: selecting annual semi-lignified branches which are strong in growth, full in axillary buds, free of diseases and insect pests, 0.2-0.3cm in branch diameter and more than 5 leaves and 3 buds as scions from the first ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and placing the scions in indoor shade for later use; then, selecting scion strips with full axillary buds or terminal buds, cutting the scion strips at the position of 0.5cm below the two sides of the axillary buds into 2 inclined planes, cutting the scion planes to be 1.3-1.4cm long, cutting off the scion strips at the position of 0.2cm above the bud tips to prepare scions with one bud and one leaf, placing the cut scions in small buckets, covering the scions with a wet towel, and grafting the scions on the same day;

step four, stock seedling treatment: firstly, slightly digging out a stock seedling from a sand bed and placing the stock seedling into a bamboo basket, cleaning sand on the stock seedling with clear water, then soaking the stock seedling in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% for 20 seconds, then cutting cotyledon and root neck of the stock seedling with a grafting knife, and reserving a radicle part; determining the number of the cut stocks according to the length and the thickness of the radicle, cutting the stocks into 1 standard stock according to the radicle length of 4-5cm and the radicle end diameter of 0.3cm, and dipping the stocks for 5-8 seconds in indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 10-20mg/L for later use;

step five, grafting treatment: breaking a standard stock from the middle of a radicle by using a grafting blade, wherein the breaking depth is about 1.4-1.6cm, inserting the cut scion into a radicle cut, enabling the lower part of the scion to be tightly attached to the bottom of the radicle cut of the stock, pinching and folding by using a thin aluminum sheet, then neatly stacking grafted seedlings at a cool place, and covering a wet towel to wait for planting;

sixthly, planting container seedlings: inserting a cave with the depth of 2cm into the center of the container matrix prepared in the second step by using a steel bar head with the diameter of 0.5cm, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings grafted in the fifth step into the cave, returning soil and compacting, planting one seedling in one container cup, transferring the seedling to a nursery garden, covering the nursery bed with a film in an arch shape after drenching water, and adding a layer of sunshade net outside the film; the relative humidity in the film shed is kept between 84 and 86 percent, and the shading is kept;

seventhly, managing the planted container seedlings: comprises covering a film, weeding, fertilizing, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, uncovering the film and removing the shed;

eighth, transplanting container seedlings: transplanting container seedlings at 10 months after the container seedlings are cultivated to 4-5 months, wherein the seedlings are not suitable for transplanting when the soil is frozen, a wood board tool with the length of 150cm is adopted for construction, the container seedlings are placed along two sides of a wood board strip, the seedlings are covered with fine soil and watered in time after being placed, the row spacing of transplanted plants is 5cm multiplied by 10cm, and 4 ten thousand plants/mu are planted;

ninth, transplanting seedling management: weeding, fertilizing, sprinkling irrigation and pest control.

Further, the screening and sowing of the camellia seeds specifically comprise the following steps:

step a, screening and collecting mature camellia seeds with full seeds, no mildew and no insect damage, drying the seeds in the sun under outdoor natural light until the water content is 8-10%, and then transferring the seeds to an indoor stack for later use;

step b, piling a germination accelerating bud bed with the width of 1.7m on an outdoor flat ground by using bricks, firstly piling river sand with the thickness of 12cm on a bottom layer, then uniformly spreading seeds on the bud bed, covering wet sand with the thickness of 4-5cm on the seeds, then spraying disinfectant on the sand bed, spreading the seeds, the wet sand and the disinfectant again on the sterilized wet sand, wherein the total spreading times of the seeds are not more than three layers; wherein the total spreading times of the seeds is not more than three layers, and during the sand storage seedling raising period, the sand bed is open air without watering until the stock seedling is formed in the 5 month of the next year.

Further, the disinfectant used in the screening and sowing processes of the camellia seeds is validamycin A5% soluble powder, thiram 50% wettable powder and water according to the weight ratio of 100 g: 225 g: 75 kg of the mixture is sprayed.

Further, the detailed steps of arranging nursery lands and placing substrates in cups are as follows:

selecting a seedbed with the width of 1.2-1.3m, wherein the width of each side ditch is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 15cm, the width of each middle ditch is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 20cm, the width of each furrow is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 10cm, and three ditches are matched; plowing in winter in the last year, and applying a base fertilizer 3 months before the next year, wherein 500Kg of fermented chicken manure and 100 Kg of Russian compound fertilizer are used for each mu of base fertilizer; the matrix cup filling is to uniformly mix 20-30% of northeast peat soil, 20-30% of perlite, 10-20% of vermiculite, 5-10% of coconut coir and the balance of decomposed straw, and transfer the mixture into a non-woven bag cup with the height of the cup multiplied by the caliber of 8cm multiplied by 6cm to 8 multiplied by 8cm for later use.

Further, the container seedling management comprises the following specific steps:

step a1, preserving heat and moisture, wherein the relative humidity in the film canopy cover is kept to be above 85 percent within 45 days of the seedling age of the grafted seedling, the temperature in the canopy cover is controlled to be below 30 ℃ in the first 20 days, and the temperature in the canopy cover is 30-40 ℃ in the 20 th-45 th day;

step a2, weeding: after the grafted seedlings are planted for 45-50 days, weeding is carried out for 1 time every 30 days, and the weeding work is continued to 4-5 months of the age of the small seedlings, namely before 10 months of transplanting; after the grafted camellia oleifera seedlings survive, axillary swelling flower buds are discovered, and the axillary swelling flower buds are removed in time to prevent the axillary swelling flower buds from inhibiting the development of the leaf buds of the grafted camellia oleifera seedlings;

step a3, fertilization: after grafting seedlings are planted for 60 days, spraying and watering the fertilizer by using a water soluble fertilizer mixed by urea, a compound fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 2:2:100, wherein the N content of the urea is 45%, and the contents of the Russian compound fertilizer N, P, K are respectively 16%, 16% and 16%; fertilizing for 1 time in 8 and 9 months and 10-15 days;

step a4, pest control: the diseases of the camellia oleifera seedlings, such as soft rot, southern blight and anthracnose, are mixed by one or more of Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 1%, thiophanate-methyl 800-fold solution with the concentration of 75% and carbendazim 500-fold solution with the concentration of 5% in any proportion, and are sprayed once every half month for 6-7 times; pest leafhopper, aphid, mole cricket, cutworm and earthworm; the bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate with the concentration of 25g/L for controlling the lesser leafhoppers and the aphids and the water are mixed according to the ratio of 1.5: uniformly mixing 30 jin, and then spraying for prevention and treatment; the mole cricket, the cutworm and the earthworm are prevented and treated by 1500 g/mu with carbofuran according to the dosage of 1000-; spraying carbofuran once before and after the grafting of the plantlet, spraying the medicine on a container matrix bag before and after the grafting, and spraying water for 10 minutes; the grafted plantlets are broadcast in 7 months;

step a5, uncovering the film and dismantling the shade shed: after 45 days of grafted seedlings, opening the two films at the two ends of the seedbed to ventilate in the evening, increasing the oxygen content in the shed, closing the seedbed before 8 o' clock in the morning next day, uncovering the two ends of the film grid cover in rainy days, completely uncovering the films after 3 months after the grafted seedlings are planted, and selecting cloudy days to dismantle the shed.

Further, the management of the thin-planting transplanted seedlings comprises the following specific steps:

step b1, weeding: artificial weeding or chemical weeding is utilized;

weeding is not needed in the last ten days from 10 months to 3 months of the next year after the thin planting and transplanting of the plantlets; weeding once every 30 days in the middle 3 th of the month, carrying out chemical weeding by mixing and spraying 30% by mass of glyphosate solution and water according to the volume ratio of 1:300 for the first time, and manually weeding in the later period; after 10 months, the seedlings do not need to be weeded when leaving the nursery;

step b2, fertilizing: fertilizing after first weeding in 3 middle days of the next year of the thin-planted transplanted seedlings: dry-scattering and fertilizing once by using 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and topdressing once per month in the later period; fertilization is not needed after 10 months; continuously applying the fertilizer for 5-6 times, and directly spreading the fertilizer or irrigating the fertilizer after the fertilizer is decomposed; wherein, sprinkling irrigation is matched after the sprinkling application, and the sprinkling irrigation water drops are not too big, so that the fertilizer is fully dissolved;

step b3, sprinkling irrigation: sprinkling irrigation and water supplement according to the soil moisture content; the soil moisture content is kept moist all the time;

step b4, pest control: the disease and pest control of the thin-planting transplanted seedlings is carried out in 6-10 months every year, and the diseases mainly comprise leaf spot, anthracnose and the like; the insect pests mainly comprise lesser leafhopper and aphid; and directly spraying pesticide to the thin-planted grafted seedlings by using a pesticide sprayer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a method for grafting germ roots of small oil-tea seedlings, which comprises screening and sowing oil-tea seeds, selecting and preparing nursery lands, preparing nutrient soil and containers, collecting and processing grafted scions, determining proper grafting time, processing stock seedlings, cutting off the germ roots, grafting the germ roots and managing the container seedlings, and has the biggest difference from the prior art that the germ roots of the oil-tea anvil seedlings are taken as grafting points and the germ roots are cut off in multiple sections to obtain multiple sections of standard stocks, thereby improving the quantity and quality of the grafted stocks, reducing the grafting cost, providing nutrient support for the grafted seedlings, synthesizing plant hormones and other substances in a root system which is a source bank, influencing the hormone content by regulating and controlling the output or input of endogenous hormones between the stock sections, carrying out information exchange and coordinated growth, and balancing the endogenous hormone levels mutually promoted or inhibited in the plants, the radicle contains higher cytokinin, the cytoclastin is key hormone for callus formation after being wounded, a plurality of development regulating factors are excited, further development delay of vascular bundle organs for nutrition and growth substance transmission at a grafting part is caused, generation of printing sprouts is realized, healing of grafting wounds is accelerated, and the obtained standard stock seedling is soaked in a plant growth regulator, wherein an indolebutyric acid solution can remarkably improve activities of oxidase (POD) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), so that callus formation is greatly promoted, root elongation growth and branching are facilitated, and survival rate of the grafted seedling is improved; the method for grafting the germ roots of the small oil-tea seedlings has the advantages of low cost, high grafting success rate, no sprout, high purity of improved varieties, high survival rate, convenience in construction operation, manpower and material resources saving and the like.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

A method for grafting a rootstock of a small camellia oleifera seedling comprises the following steps:

firstly, screening and sowing oil-tea camellia seeds: selecting high-quality camellia seeds, sowing the seeds in the sand in the last ten days of 10 months or the next month to 2 months of the year, and planting and maintaining to obtain stock seedlings;

step two, arranging nursery lands and placing container matrix cups: arranging nursery lands and arranging the container matrix cups in the nursery lands for placing seedbeds; the matrix cups of the container are placed for 14 thousands/mu;

thirdly, collecting and processing grafted scions: selecting annual semi-lignified branches which are strong in growth, full in axillary buds, free of diseases and insect pests, 0.2-0.3cm in branch diameter and more than 5 leaves and 3 buds as scions from the first ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and placing the scions in indoor shade for later use; then, selecting scion strips with full axillary buds or terminal buds, cutting the scion strips at the position of 0.5cm below the two sides of the axillary buds into 2 inclined planes, cutting the scion planes to be 1.3-1.4cm long, cutting off the scion strips at the position of 0.2cm above the bud tips to prepare scions with one bud and one leaf, placing the cut scions in small buckets, covering the scions with a wet towel, and grafting the scions on the same day;

step four, stock seedling treatment: firstly, slightly digging out a stock seedling from a sand bed and placing the stock seedling into a bamboo basket, cleaning sand on the stock seedling with clear water, then soaking the stock seedling in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% for 20 seconds, then cutting cotyledon and root neck of the stock seedling with a grafting knife, and reserving a radicle part; determining the number of the cut stocks according to the length and the thickness of the radicle, cutting the stocks into 1 standard stock according to the radicle length of 4-5cm and the radicle end diameter of 0.3cm, and dipping the stocks for 5-8 seconds in indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 10-20mg/L for later use;

step five, grafting treatment: breaking a standard stock from the middle of a radicle by using a grafting blade, wherein the breaking depth is about 1.4-1.6cm, inserting the cut scion into a radicle cut, enabling the lower part of the scion to be tightly attached to the bottom of the radicle cut of the stock, pinching and folding by using a thin aluminum sheet, then neatly stacking grafted seedlings at a cool place, and covering a wet towel to wait for planting;

sixthly, planting container seedlings: inserting a cave with the depth of 2cm into the center of the container matrix prepared in the second step by using a steel bar head with the diameter of 0.5cm, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings grafted in the fifth step into the cave, returning soil and compacting, planting one seedling in one container cup, transferring the seedling to a nursery garden, covering the nursery bed with a film in an arch shape after drenching water, and adding a layer of sunshade net outside the film; the relative humidity in the film shed is kept between 84 and 86 percent, and the shading is kept;

seventhly, managing the planted container seedlings: comprises covering a film, weeding, fertilizing, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, uncovering the film and removing the shed;

eighth, transplanting container seedlings: transplanting container seedlings at 10 months after the container seedlings are cultivated to 4-5 months, wherein the seedlings are not suitable for transplanting when the soil is frozen, a wood board tool with the length of 150cm is adopted for construction, the container seedlings are placed along two sides of a wood board strip, the seedlings are covered with fine soil and watered in time after being placed, the row spacing of transplanted plants is 5cm multiplied by 10cm, and 4 ten thousand plants/mu are planted;

ninth, transplanting seedling management: weeding, fertilizing, sprinkling irrigation and pest control.

The screening and sowing of the camellia seeds specifically comprise the following steps:

step a, screening and collecting mature camellia seeds with full seeds, no mildew and no insect damage, drying the seeds in the sun under outdoor natural light until the water content is 8-10%, and then transferring the seeds to an indoor stack for later use;

step b, piling a germination accelerating bud bed with the width of 1.7m on an outdoor flat ground by using bricks, firstly piling river sand with the thickness of 12cm on a bottom layer, then uniformly spreading seeds on the bud bed, covering wet sand with the thickness of 4-5cm on the seeds, then spraying disinfectant on the sand bed, spreading the seeds, the wet sand and the disinfectant again on the sterilized wet sand, wherein the total spreading times of the seeds are not more than three layers; wherein the total spreading times of the seeds is not more than three layers, and during the sand storage seedling raising period, the sand bed is open air without watering until the stock seedling is formed in the 5 month of the next year.

The disinfectant used in the screening and sowing processes of the camellia seeds is validamycin A5% soluble powder, thiram 50% wettable powder and water according to the weight of 100 g: 225 g: 75 kg of the mixture is sprayed.

The detailed steps of garden arrangement and matrix cup placement are as follows:

selecting a seedbed with the width of 1.2-1.3m, wherein the width of each side ditch is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 15cm, the width of each middle ditch is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 20cm, the width of each furrow is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 10cm, and three ditches are matched; plowing in winter in the last year, and applying a base fertilizer 3 months before the next year, wherein 500Kg of fermented chicken manure and 100 Kg of Russian compound fertilizer are used for each mu of base fertilizer; the matrix cup filling is to uniformly mix 20-30% of northeast peat soil, 20-30% of perlite, 10-20% of vermiculite, 5-10% of coconut coir and the balance of decomposed straw, and transfer the mixture into a non-woven bag cup with the height of the cup multiplied by the caliber of 8cm multiplied by 6cm to 8 multiplied by 8cm for later use.

The container seedling management method comprises the following specific steps:

step a1, preserving heat and moisture, wherein the relative humidity in the film canopy cover is kept to be above 85 percent within 45 days of the seedling age of the grafted seedling, the temperature in the canopy cover is controlled to be below 30 ℃ in the first 20 days, and the temperature in the canopy cover is 30-40 ℃ in the 20 th-45 th day;

step a2, weeding: after the grafted seedlings are planted for 45-50 days, weeding is carried out for 1 time every 30 days, and the weeding work is continued to 4-5 months of the age of the small seedlings, namely before 10 months of transplanting; after the grafted camellia oleifera seedlings survive, axillary swelling flower buds are discovered, and the axillary swelling flower buds are removed in time to prevent the axillary swelling flower buds from inhibiting the development of the leaf buds of the grafted camellia oleifera seedlings;

step a3, fertilization: after grafting seedlings are planted for 60 days, spraying and watering the fertilizer by using a water soluble fertilizer mixed by urea, a compound fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 2:2:100, wherein the N content of the urea is 45%, and the contents of the Russian compound fertilizer N, P, K are respectively 16%, 16% and 16%; fertilizing for 1 time in 8 and 9 months and 10-15 days;

step a4, pest control: the diseases of the camellia oleifera seedlings, such as soft rot, southern blight and anthracnose, are mixed by one or more of Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 1%, thiophanate-methyl 800-fold solution with the concentration of 75% and carbendazim 500-fold solution with the concentration of 5% in any proportion, and are sprayed once every half month for 6-7 times; pest leafhopper, aphid, mole cricket, cutworm and earthworm; the bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate with the concentration of 25g/L for controlling the lesser leafhoppers and the aphids and the water are mixed according to the ratio of 1.5: uniformly mixing 30 jin, and then spraying for prevention and treatment; the mole cricket, the cutworm and the earthworm are prevented and treated by 1500 g/mu with carbofuran according to the dosage of 1000-; spraying carbofuran once before and after the grafting of the plantlet, spraying the medicine on a container matrix bag before and after the grafting, and spraying water for 10 minutes; the grafted plantlets are broadcast in 7 months;

step a5, uncovering the film and dismantling the shade shed: after 45 days of grafted seedlings, opening the two films at the two ends of the seedbed to ventilate in the evening, increasing the oxygen content in the shed, closing the seedbed before 8 o' clock in the morning next day, uncovering the two ends of the film grid cover in rainy days, completely uncovering the films after 3 months after the grafted seedlings are planted, and selecting cloudy days to dismantle the shed.

The management of the thin planting transplanted seedlings comprises the following specific steps:

step b1, weeding: artificial weeding or chemical weeding is utilized;

weeding is not needed in the last ten days from 10 months to 3 months of the next year after the thin planting and transplanting of the plantlets; weeding once every 30 days in the middle 3 th of the month, carrying out chemical weeding by mixing and spraying 30% by mass of glyphosate solution and water according to the volume ratio of 1:300 for the first time, and manually weeding in the later period; after 10 months, the seedlings do not need to be weeded when leaving the nursery;

step b2, fertilizing: fertilizing after first weeding in 3 middle days of the next year of the thin-planted transplanted seedlings: dry-scattering and fertilizing once by using 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and topdressing once per month in the later period; fertilization is not needed after 10 months; continuously applying the fertilizer for 5-6 times, and directly spreading the fertilizer or irrigating the fertilizer after the fertilizer is decomposed; wherein, sprinkling irrigation is matched after the sprinkling application, and the sprinkling irrigation water drops are not too big, so that the fertilizer is fully dissolved;

step b3, sprinkling irrigation: sprinkling irrigation and water supplement according to the soil moisture content; the soil moisture content is kept moist all the time;

step b4, pest control: the disease and pest control of the thin-planting transplanted seedlings is carried out in 6-10 months every year, and the diseases mainly comprise leaf spot, anthracnose and the like; the insect pests mainly comprise lesser leafhopper and aphid; and directly spraying pesticide to the thin-planted grafted seedlings by using a pesticide sprayer.

Example 1

In 5 months in 2018, scions of the same camellia oleifera variety are collected in Liuan city of Anhui province, 200 seedlings are grafted by taking radicles as grafting stocks by using the scheme, the seedlings are transplanted into a nursery land after grafting, water and fertilizer management of the seedlings is enhanced in 6 months in 5 months to 2020 in 2018, sprout removal and weeding work is carried out, the grafting survival rate of the seedlings, the sprouting rate of the grafting stocks and the sprouting times are investigated, the 6 months in 2020, and the height, the ground diameter and the survival rate of the seedlings cultured by using different grafting stocks are investigated.

Example 2

Compared with the example 1, the embryonic axis is taken as the grafting stock, and other steps are the same as the example 1.

Comparative example 1

Compared with example 1, radicles are used as grafting stocks, but the stocks are not soaked in indolebutyric acid solution in the treatment process, and other steps are the same as those in example 1.

Comparative example 2

Compared with the example 2, the hypocotyl is taken as the grafting stock, but the stock treatment process does not use the solution dipping of indolebutyric acid, and other steps are the same as the example 2.

The survival rate of the stock grafted seedlings of examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-2, the sprouting rate of the grafted stock, the sprouting times, the average seedling height, the average ground diameter and the seedling survival rate were recorded and counted, and the results are shown in the following table:

as can be seen from the above table, the grafted seedlings of the examples 1-2 are excellent in the survival rate of the grafted seedlings, the sprouting rate of grafted stocks, the sprouting times, the average seedling height, the average ground diameter and the seedling survival rate in the comparative examples 1-2, and the method for grafting the germ roots of the small oil tea seedlings, provided by the invention, has the characteristics of high survival rate, few sprouts, large ground diameter and high plants, and has great value in the cultivation and planting of oil tea.

The foregoing is merely exemplary and illustrative of the present invention and various modifications, additions and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art to the specific embodiments described without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

Claims (6)

1. A method for grafting the rootlets of small seedlings of camellia oleifera is characterized by comprising the following steps:

firstly, screening and sowing oil-tea camellia seeds: selecting high-quality camellia seeds, sowing the seeds in the sand in the last ten days of 10 months or the next month to 2 months of the year, and planting and maintaining to obtain stock seedlings;

step two, arranging nursery lands and placing container matrix cups: arranging nursery lands and arranging the container matrix cups in the nursery lands for placing seedbeds; the matrix cups of the container are placed for 14 thousands/mu;

thirdly, collecting and processing grafted scions: selecting annual semi-lignified branches which are strong in growth, full in axillary buds, free of diseases and insect pests, 0.2-0.3cm in branch diameter and more than 5 leaves and 3 buds as scions from the first ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 6 months, and placing the scions in indoor shade for later use; then, selecting scion strips with full axillary buds or terminal buds, cutting the scion strips at the position of 0.5cm below the two sides of the axillary buds into 2 inclined planes, cutting the scion planes to be 1.3-1.4cm long, cutting off the scion strips at the position of 0.2cm above the bud tips to prepare scions with one bud and one leaf, placing the cut scions in small buckets, covering the scions with a wet towel, and grafting the scions on the same day;

step four, stock seedling treatment: firstly, slightly digging out a stock seedling from a sand bed and placing the stock seedling into a bamboo basket, cleaning sand on the stock seedling with clear water, then soaking the stock seedling in a potassium permanganate solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% for 20 seconds, then cutting cotyledon and root neck of the stock seedling with a grafting knife, and reserving a radicle part; determining the number of the cut stocks according to the length and the thickness of the radicle, cutting the stocks into 1 standard stock according to the radicle length of 4-5cm and the radicle end diameter of 0.3cm, and dipping the stocks for 5-8 seconds in indolebutyric acid solution with the concentration of 10-20mg/L for later use;

step five, grafting treatment: breaking a standard stock from the middle of a radicle by using a grafting blade, wherein the breaking depth is about 1.4-1.6cm, inserting the cut scion into a radicle cut, enabling the lower part of the scion to be tightly attached to the bottom of the radicle cut of the stock, pinching and folding by using a thin aluminum sheet, then neatly stacking grafted seedlings at a cool place, and covering a wet towel to wait for planting;

sixthly, planting container seedlings: inserting a cave with the depth of 2cm into the center of the container matrix prepared in the second step by using a steel bar head with the diameter of 0.5cm, planting the camellia oleifera seedlings grafted in the fifth step into the cave, returning soil and compacting, planting one seedling in one container cup, transferring the seedling to a nursery garden, covering the nursery bed with a film in an arch shape after drenching water, and adding a layer of sunshade net outside the film; the relative humidity in the film shed is kept between 84 and 86 percent, and the shading is kept;

seventhly, managing the planted container seedlings: comprises covering a film, weeding, fertilizing, preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, uncovering the film and removing the shed;

eighth, transplanting container seedlings: transplanting container seedlings at 10 months after the container seedlings are cultivated to 4-5 months, wherein the seedlings are not suitable for transplanting when the soil is frozen, a wood board tool with the length of 150cm is adopted for construction, the container seedlings are placed along two sides of a wood board strip, the seedlings are covered with fine soil and watered in time after being placed, the row spacing of transplanted plants is 5cm multiplied by 10cm, and 4 ten thousand plants/mu are planted;

ninth, transplanting seedling management: weeding, fertilizing, sprinkling irrigation and pest control.

2. The method for grafting the radicles of the camellia oleifera plantlets according to claim 1, wherein the screening and sowing of the camellia oleifera seeds specifically comprises the following steps:

step a, screening and collecting mature camellia seeds with full seeds, no mildew and no insect damage, drying the seeds in the sun under outdoor natural light until the water content is 8-10%, and then transferring the seeds to an indoor stack for later use;

step b, piling a germination accelerating bud bed with the width of 1.7m on an outdoor flat ground by using bricks, firstly piling river sand with the thickness of 12cm on a bottom layer, then uniformly spreading seeds on the bud bed, covering wet sand with the thickness of 4-5cm on the seeds, then spraying disinfectant on the sand bed, spreading the seeds, the wet sand and the disinfectant again on the sterilized wet sand, wherein the total spreading times of the seeds are not more than three layers; wherein the total spreading times of the seeds is not more than three layers, and during the sand storage seedling raising period, the sand bed is open air without watering until the stock seedling is formed in the 5 month of the next year.

3. The method for grafting the radicles of the young oil-tea camellia seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the disinfection solution used in the screening and sowing process of the oil-tea camellia seeds is validamycin A5% soluble powder, thiram 50% wettable powder and water according to a ratio of 100 g: 225 g: 75 kg of the mixture is sprayed.

4. The method for grafting the radicles of the camellia oleifera plantlets according to claim 1, wherein the detailed steps of arranging nursery lands and placing substrates in cups are as follows:

selecting a seedbed with the width of 1.2-1.3m, wherein the width of each side ditch is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 15cm, the width of each middle ditch is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 20cm, the width of each furrow is 30cm multiplied by the depth of 10cm, and three ditches are matched; plowing in winter in the last year, and applying a base fertilizer 3 months before the next year, wherein 500Kg of fermented chicken manure and 100 Kg of Russian compound fertilizer are used for each mu of base fertilizer; the matrix cup filling is to uniformly mix 20-30% of northeast peat soil, 20-30% of perlite, 10-20% of vermiculite, 5-10% of coconut coir and the balance of decomposed straw, and transfer the mixture into a non-woven bag cup with the height of the cup multiplied by the caliber of 8cm multiplied by 6cm to 8 multiplied by 8cm for later use.

5. The method for grafting the radicles of the camellia oleifera seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the management of the container seedlings comprises the following specific steps:

step a1, preserving heat and moisture, wherein the relative humidity in the film canopy cover is kept to be above 85 percent within 45 days of the seedling age of the grafted seedling, the temperature in the canopy cover is controlled to be below 30 ℃ in the first 20 days, and the temperature in the canopy cover is 30-40 ℃ in the 20 th-45 th day;

step a2, weeding: after the grafted seedlings are planted for 45-50 days, weeding is carried out for 1 time every 30 days, and the weeding work is continued to 4-5 months of the young seedlings; after the grafted camellia oleifera seedling survives, axillary swelling flower buds need to be removed in time;

step a3, fertilization: after grafting seedlings are planted for 60 days, spraying and watering the fertilizer by using a water soluble fertilizer mixed by urea, a compound fertilizer and water according to the mass ratio of 2:2:100, wherein the N content of the urea is 45%, and the contents of the Russian compound fertilizer N, P, K are respectively 16%, 16% and 16%; fertilizing for 1 time in 8 and 9 months and 10-15 days;

step a4, pest control: the diseases of the camellia oleifera seedlings, such as soft rot, southern blight and anthracnose, are mixed by one or more of Bordeaux mixture with the concentration of 1%, thiophanate-methyl 800-fold solution with the concentration of 75% and carbendazim 500-fold solution with the concentration of 5% in any proportion, and are sprayed once every half month for 6-7 times; pest leafhopper, aphid, mole cricket, cutworm and earthworm; the bifenthrin emulsifiable concentrate with the concentration of 25g/L for controlling the lesser leafhoppers and the aphids and the water are mixed according to the ratio of 1.5: uniformly mixing 30 jin, and then spraying for prevention and treatment; the mole cricket, the cutworm and the earthworm are prevented and treated by 1500 g/mu with carbofuran according to the dosage of 1000-; spraying carbofuran once before and after the grafting of the plantlet, spraying the medicine on a container matrix bag before and after the grafting, and spraying water for 10 minutes; the grafted plantlets are broadcast in 7 months;

step a5, uncovering the film and dismantling the shade shed: after 45 days of grafted seedlings, opening the two films at the two ends of the seedbed to ventilate in the evening, increasing the oxygen content in the shed, closing the seedbed before 8 o' clock in the morning next day, uncovering the two ends of the film grid cover in rainy days, completely uncovering the films after 3 months after the grafted seedlings are planted, and selecting cloudy days to dismantle the shed.

6. The method for grafting the radicles of the camellia oleifera plantlets according to claim 1, wherein the management of the thin-planting transplanted seedlings comprises the following specific steps:

step b1, weeding: artificial weeding or chemical weeding is utilized;

weeding is not needed in the last ten days from 10 months to 3 months of the next year after the thin planting and transplanting of the plantlets; weeding once every 30 days in the middle 3 th of the month, carrying out chemical weeding by mixing and spraying 30% by mass of glyphosate solution and water according to the volume ratio of 1:300 for the first time, and manually weeding in the later period; after 10 months, the seedlings do not need to be weeded when leaving the nursery;

step b2, fertilizing: fertilizing after first weeding in 3 middle days of the next year of the thin-planted transplanted seedlings: dry-scattering and fertilizing once by using 25 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu, and topdressing once per month in the later period; fertilization is not needed after 10 months; continuously applying the fertilizer for 5-6 times, and directly spreading the fertilizer or irrigating the fertilizer after the fertilizer is decomposed;

step b3, sprinkling irrigation: sprinkling irrigation and water supplement according to the soil moisture content; the soil moisture content is kept moist all the time;

step b4, pest control: the pest control of the thin-planted transplanted seedlings is carried out in 6-10 months every year, and pesticides are directly sprayed on the thin-planted grafted seedlings.