CN114586596A

CN114586596A - Breeding method of unique ornamental plant rhododendron litchi seeds

Info

Publication number: CN114586596A
Application number: CN202210253609.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李媛媛; 周庆; 邹军; 刘海燕; 周艳; 袁茂琴; 郭春艳
Original assignee: Guizhou Botanical Garden (guizhou Landscape Science Institute Guizhou Plant Institute)
Current assignee: Guizhou Botanical Garden (guizhou Landscape Science Institute Guizhou Plant Institute)
Priority date: 2022-03-15
Filing date: 2022-03-15
Publication date: 2022-06-07
Anticipated expiration: 2042-03-15
Also published as: CN114586596B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant seed breeding, and discloses a breeding method of a unique ornamental plant rhododendron lychee seed, which comprises the following steps: (S1) collecting and preserving seeds, (S2) preparing a matrix, (S3) preparing seed sowing soil, (S4) preprocessing seeds before sowing, (S5) setting and sowing a seedbed, (S6) managing the seedbed, and (S7) transplanting, managing and protecting seedlings. The invention solves the problem of rapid propagation of the litchi-wave rhododendron, improves the germination rate and the transplanting survival rate of the litchi-wave rhododendron seeds, improves the quality of the litchi-wave rhododendron seedlings, provides a new method for the protective utilization of the litchi-wave rhododendron and the application of the litchi-wave rhododendron in market scale, and has higher economic, ecological and social values.

Description

Breeding method of unique ornamental plant rhododendron litchi seeds

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant seed breeding, in particular to a breeding method of a unique ornamental plant rhododendron lychee seed in China.

Background

Rhododendron litchi (Rhododendron Liboense), evergreen shrub or small tree, height 2-6 m, diameter at breast height 12 cm, black brown bark, thick and strong small branch, gray green annual branch, hairless, and gray old branch. The leaf leather is in the shape of an ellipse with a needle shape, the length of the leaf leather is 10-15 cm, and the width of the leaf leather is 1.6-2.8 cm. The umbrella-shaped inflorescence grows from the top, and 7-9 flowers grow; the inflorescence axis is 1-3 cm long, hairless and light red; the flower stalk is 2.1-3.7 cm long, hairless and light red. The capsule has an oblong shape, a length of 2.2-3 cm, a diameter of about 1.5 cm, and 4-5 cracks, and is covered with gland outside.

The Rhododendron delavayi is a special species in Guizhou, also belongs to a special species in a karst region, is only distributed on limestone mountains of Guizhou karst landform in China, is only found at two mountaintops of Yongkangxiang and Yupingoffice in Libo county at present, the total number of plants is not more than 100, and the species is listed as a critical species (CR) by the red famous record of Chinese species.

The litchi-wave rhododendron can be used as a flower and tree ornament and a stake scene ornament; the limestone mountain land greening agent can be used for landscape greening of limestone mountain lands; has important ornamental value, ecological value and scientific research value.

The rhododendron litchi is distributed at a few points and is urgently required to be protected and utilized, but related researches are lacked, such as: the endangered factor analysis, the seed characteristics, the propagation technology and the like need to be deeply researched, and more value basis is provided for the protection, development and utilization of the rhododendron litchi.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a breeding method of a unique ornamental plant of rhododendron litchi seed, which can improve the germination rate and the transplanting survival rate of the rhododendron litchi seed, improve the seedling quality of the rhododendron litchi and solve the problem of rapid propagation of the rhododendron litchi.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for breeding seeds of a unique ornamental plant rhododendron litchi, which comprises the following specific steps:

s1: seed harvesting and preservation

When the litchi-rose capsule is changed from green to blackish brown and is not cracked, collecting the capsule, placing the capsule in a clean vessel, drying the capsule in the shade in a dry and ventilated place, taking out the seeds in the capsule after the capsule is naturally cracked for 0 to 20 days, removing impurities such as pericarp and fragments in the seeds to enable the purity of the seeds to reach more than 95 percent, then putting the seeds in a drying box at 25 ℃ for drying until the weight is constant, taking out the seeds, and sealing and storing the seeds for later use by using a glass bottle at 5 ℃;

s2: preparation of the substrate

The seedbed matrix consists of humus, perlite and limestone, is disinfected by using 1000 times of solution of 900 times of 70 percent thiophanate methyl wettable powder, and is kept stand for later use after being watered thoroughly;

s3: preparation of mixed seed sowing soil

Taking lime soil, drying in the shade, grinding, sieving by a 20-mesh fine sieve, and disinfecting the soil by using a 1000-fold liquid of 900 times of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder for later use;

s4: pretreatment before seed sowing

Soaking the seeds in the step S1 for 1h by using 200mg/LGA3 solution before sowing;

s5: seedbed setting and seeding

Selecting a shady place in late 3 months, setting a seedbed at 1.5m multiplied by 3m multiplied by 15cm, adjusting the pH value of a seedbed matrix to be between 7 and 8, fully mixing the seeds in the step S4 with the lime soil obtained in the step S3, uniformly scattering the mixture in the seedbed, and covering a plastic film;

s6: seedbed management

Controlling the humidity of the seedbed, germinating the seeds for 15-30 days, and removing the covered plastic film after 1 and a half;

s7: transplanting and managing and protecting nursery stock

And 3-4 months after sowing, transplanting the seedlings into a greenhouse by using plastic pots to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by extreme weather, transplanting 1 seedling into each pot, wherein the matrix contained in the plastic pot is the same as the seedbed matrix in the step S2, and transplanting for 2-3 years, and taking the seedlings out of the nursery after the seedlings grow to 35 cm.

Further, the bed substrate in the step S2 is composed of humus, perlite and limestone soil in a volume ratio of 1:1:2, the limestone soil is collected from limestone mountains, the humus is organic humus soil produced after fermenting for half a year in a plastic film sealed manner, and the cow dung and the soil are mixed in a volume ratio of 2: 1.

Further, the sowing in step S5 is carried out by thoroughly mixing the fine soil obtained in S3 with the seeds treated in S4 in a ratio of 500g of lime soil to 200 grains of Rhododendron litchi seeds.

Further, in step S6, the moisture is supplied to the bed substrate by the spray nozzle during the seed germination, so that the humidity of the bed substrate is maintained between 30% and 40%.

Further, in step S7, the nursery stock in step S6 is transplanted into a greenhouse to prevent the seedling from being damaged by extreme weather. Keeping ventilation in the greenhouse, spraying 0.5-0.8% of nitrogen fertilizer for fertilization, 1 time per month, and applying thin fertilizer frequently. The insect disease and pest damage agent is usually sprayed with 500-fold 600-fold liquid of low-toxicity 50% carbendazim wettable powder for 1 time every 30 days, 90% trichlorfon is used for leaf roller moths, 800-fold liquid of 70% mancozeb 700 is used for leaf spot diseases, 1500-fold liquid of 1000-fold liquid of 40% dicofol is used for red spiders, and insect disease and pest damage leaves are removed in time and burnt.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method improves the germination rate and the transplanting survival rate of the seeds of the rhododendron litchi, improves the seedling quality of the rhododendron litchi, solves the problem of rapid propagation of the rhododendron litchi, and simultaneously reduces the production cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the seed of Rhododendron litchi of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the outplanting application of Rhododendron litchi of the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows the seedling of Rhododendron litchi cultivated according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used as limitations of the present invention.

Example (b):

in this embodiment, an artificial breeding method of lychee rhododendron is researched, when a lychee rhododendron capsule changes from green to blackish brown and is not cracked, the capsule is collected, the optimal period of seed picking is realized, generally at the bottom of 11 months, the maturation time of each capsule is slightly different, but the capsule basically changes into blackish brown and is not cracked, premature seeds are immature, and after delay, the capsule is easy to crack, so that the seed waste is caused; placing the collected capsule in a clean vessel, drying in the shade in a dry and ventilated place, taking out the seeds in the capsule after the capsule naturally cracks for 0-20 days, removing impurities such as pericarp and fragments in the seeds to enable the purity of the seeds to reach more than 95%, then placing the seeds in a drying oven at 25 ℃ for drying until the weight is constant, taking out the seeds, and sealing and storing the seeds in a glass bottle at 5 ℃ for later use, wherein the picture of the seeds is shown in figure 1. The seedbed matrix of the embodiment consists of humus, perlite and lime soil, is sterilized by using 1000 times of 900-fold liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder, and is kept stand for later use after being watered thoroughly. Taking lime soil, drying in the shade, grinding, sieving by a 20-mesh fine sieve, and disinfecting the soil by using 1000 times of 900-fold liquid of 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder.

Soaking seeds for 1h by using 200mg/LGA3 solution before sowing; selecting a shady-avoiding place in late 3 months, setting a seedbed at a position of 1.5m multiplied by 3m multiplied by 15cm, adjusting the pH value of a seedbed matrix to be between 7 and 8, fully mixing seeds with the obtained lime soil, uniformly scattering the seeds in the seedbed, and covering a plastic film; controlling the humidity of the seedbed, germinating the seeds for 15-30 days, and removing the covered plastic film after 1 and a half; and 3-4 months after sowing, transplanting the seedlings into a greenhouse by using plastic pots to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by extreme weather, transplanting 1 seedling into each pot, wherein the matrix contained in the plastic pots is the same as the seedbed matrix in the step S2, and after transplanting for 2-3 years, taking the seedlings out of the nursery after the seedlings grow to 35cm, and referring to the attached drawing 3, the graph is an application drawing for taking the cultured lychee rhododendron out of the nursery.

It should be noted that in the breeding process, ventilation in the greenhouse needs to be kept, 0.5% -0.8% of nitrogen fertilizer is used for fertilization, and 1 time per month is needed, and the thin fertilizer is frequently applied. When in pest control, low-toxicity 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500-fold 600-fold liquid is sprayed for 1 time every 30 days, 90% trichlorfon is used for leaf roller moths, 800-fold liquid is used for leaf spot diseases, 1500-fold liquid is used for red spiders, 1000-fold liquid is used for dicofol 40%, pest leaves are timely removed, and the red spiders are burnt.

The lime soil used in the embodiment is collected from limestone mountains, and the humus soil is a mixture of cow dung and soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1, sealing organic humus soil generated after fermentation for half a year in a plastic film; the seedbed matrix is formed by mixing humus soil, perlite and lime soil according to the volume ratio of 1:1: 2; the lime soil and seeds of this example were blended at a ratio of 500g lime soil to 200 seeds. In the breeding process, the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of the seeds, the number of the germinated seeds, the germination vigor, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter.

Comparative example 1:

in this comparative example, the same as in the examples except for the following technical solutions: the humidity of the seedbed of the comparative example is 50-60%, and in the breeding process, the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of seeds, the number of germinated seeds, the germination potential, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter.

Comparative example 2:

in this comparative example, the same as in the examples except for the following technical solutions: the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the volume ratio of humus soil, perlite and garden soil is 1:1:2, the humidity of the seedbed of the comparative example is 30-40%, and the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of seeds, the number of germinated seeds, the germination potential, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter in the breeding process.

Comparative example 3:

in this comparative example, the same as in the examples except for the following technical solutions: the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: the volume ratio of humus soil, perlite and garden soil is 1:1:2, the humidity of the seedbed of the comparative example is 50-60%, and the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of seeds, the number of germinated seeds, the germination potential, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter in the breeding process.

Comparative example 4:

in this comparative example, the same as in the examples except for the following technical solutions: the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the volume ratio of humus soil, perlite and pine needle soil is 1:1:2, the humidity of the seedbed of the comparative example is 30-40%, and the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of seeds, the number of germinated seeds, the germination potential, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter in the breeding process.

Comparative example 5:

in this comparative example, the same as in the examples except for the following technical solutions: the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: the volume ratio of humus soil, perlite and pine needle soil is 1:1:2, the humidity of the seedbed of the comparative example is 50-60%, and the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of seeds, the number of germinated seeds, the germination potential, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter in the breeding process.

Comparative example 6:

in this comparative example, the same as in the examples except for the following technical solutions: the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: the volume ratio of the perlite to the humus is 1:2, the humidity of the seedbed of the comparative example is 30-40%, and the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of seeds, the number of germinated seeds, the germination potential, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter in the breeding process.

Comparative example 7:

in this comparative example, the same as in the examples except for the following technical solutions: the seedbed matrix comprises the following components in parts by weight: the volume ratio of the perlite to the humus is 1:2, the humidity of the seedbed of the comparative example is 50-60%, and the statistical measurement is carried out on the starting days of the seeds, the number of the germinated seeds, the germination vigor, the germination rate, the emergence rate, the average seedling height and the average ground diameter in the breeding process.

The whole embodiment is subjected to the comparison test, and the verification proves that the humidity of the seedbed is kept between 30% and 40%, and the volume ratio of humus soil, perlite and lime soil selected from the seedbed and the transplanting matrix is 1:1:2 is the best, and the specific experimental results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of experimental results of examples and comparative examples

In the table: days of inception: the number of days required from sowing to the start of germination; germination rate: the germination number of the test seeds accounts for the percentage of the total number of the test seeds; and (3) germination potential: the percentage of the total number of normal germination seeds and the total number of test seeds when the germination number of the seeds reaches the peak; and (3) planting survival rate: the percentage of the number of surviving plants and the number of the variety of plants after the seedlings are planted in bags for a certain time, and the average seedling height and the average ground diameter are the data of 3-year-sown seedlings.

The above is an embodiment of the present invention. The embodiments and specific parameters in the embodiments are only for the purpose of clearly illustrating the process of verifying the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the claims, and all the equivalent structural changes made by applying the content of the specification of the invention should be covered by the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A breeding method of a unique ornamental plant of rhododendron lychee seed is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:

s1: seed harvesting and preservation

When the green rhododendron lychee capsule is changed into blackish brown and is not cracked, collecting the capsule, placing the capsule in a clean vessel, drying the capsule in the shade at a dry and ventilated place, taking out the seeds in the capsule after the capsule is naturally cracked for 0 to 20 days, removing pericarps and fragments in the seeds to enable the purity of the seeds to reach more than 95 percent, then placing the seeds in a drying box at 25 ℃ for drying until the weight is constant, taking out the seeds, and sealing the seeds for later use by using a glass bottle at 5 ℃;

s2: preparation of the substrate

The seedbed matrix consists of humus soil, perlite and lime soil, is sterilized by using 1000-fold liquid of 900-;

s3: preparation of mixed seed sowing soil

s4: pretreatment before seed sowing

Soaking the seeds in the step S1 for 1h by 200mg/L GA3 solution before sowing;

s5: seedbed setting and seeding

s6: seedbed management

s7: transplanting and managing and protecting nursery stock

And 3-4 months in the 2 nd year after sowing, transplanting the seedlings into a greenhouse by using plastic pots to prevent the seedlings from being damaged by extreme weather, transplanting 1 seedling into each pot, wherein the matrix contained in the plastic pots is the same as the seedbed matrix in the step S2, and after transplanting for 2-3 years, taking out the seedlings from the nursery after the seedlings grow to 35 cm.

2. The method for breeding seeds of rhododendron litchi as an ornamental plant peculiar to China according to claim 1, wherein the limestone soil is collected from limestone mountains, and the humus soil is a mixture of cow dung and soil in a volume ratio of 1:1 organic humus soil produced after fermentation for half a year is sealed in a plastic film.

3. The method for breeding seeds of ornamental plant rhododendron lychee unique to China according to claim 1, wherein the seedbed matrix in the step S2 is formed by mixing humus soil, perlite and lime soil according to a volume ratio of 1:1: 2.

4. The method for breeding seeds of rhododendron litchi as an ornamental plant peculiar to China according to claim 1, wherein the lime soil obtained in the step S3 and the seeds obtained in the step S4 are blended in a ratio of 500g of lime soil to 200 seeds.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the seedbed matrix in step S6 is maintained at 30-40%.

6. The method for breeding seeds of rhododendron litchi as a unique ornamental plant in China according to claim 1, wherein ventilation in a greenhouse is kept, fertilization is carried out by spraying 0.5% -0.8% of nitrogen fertilizer for 1 month and 1 time, and the thin fertilizer is applied frequently; at ordinary times, the insect pests are sprayed with 500-fold 600-fold liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder with low toxicity for 1 time every 30 days, leaf rollers are sprayed with 90% trichlorfon, leaf spot is sprayed with 800-fold liquid of 70% mancozeb 700, and red spiders are sprayed with 1500-fold liquid of 1000-fold liquid of 40% dicofol, so that the insect pests and the leaves are timely removed and burnt.