CN111320486A - 用于钟表或首饰的将钛合金组件与基于氧化锆的陶瓷组件钎焊的方法 - Google Patents
用于钟表或首饰的将钛合金组件与基于氧化锆的陶瓷组件钎焊的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111320486A CN111320486A CN201911285608.2A CN201911285608A CN111320486A CN 111320486 A CN111320486 A CN 111320486A CN 201911285608 A CN201911285608 A CN 201911285608A CN 111320486 A CN111320486 A CN 111320486A
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- brazing material
- brazing
- oxide
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- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
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- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
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- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002076 stabilized zirconia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于钟表或首饰的将钛合金组件与基于氧化锆的陶瓷组件钎焊的方法。具体地,本发明涉及钎焊第一陶瓷组件(10)和第二金属合金组件(20)以制造结构或外部钟表元件(100)的方法,为第一组件(10)选择基于氧化锆的陶瓷,并为第二组件(20)选择钛合金,在第一组件(10)内制造第一凹槽(4),其在与第二组件(20)的第二表面(2)的接合区(3)中从第一表面(1)缩进,将钎焊材料(5)沉积在第一表面(1)上和各凹槽(4)内,第二表面(2)与第一表面(1)对齐定位以形成组装件,将这一组装件在受控气氛中加热到高于钎焊材料(5)的熔融温度,以在接合区(3)中形成钎接。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及钎焊第一陶瓷组件和第二金属合金组件以制造结构和/或外部钟表元件的方法。
本发明还涉及包括至少一个通过本发明的方法制成的结构和/或外部元件的手表。
本发明涉及特别用于手表的结构和/或外部钟表元件的制造。其更特别涉及由几种材料组装而成,更特别包含陶瓷材料成分的复合元件的领域。
背景技术
在钟表中,陶瓷组件与其它金属型组件的组装仍然是难以适当管理以确保随时间经过的完美粘着的操作。组装多个几十毫米至几毫米厚的三维组件确实通常是一个问题,这些三位组件具有主要为斜面的连接面,通常具有精密定位和定心,特别是在对称性,如表壳上的轴对称性或表带元件上的两侧对称性方面。
组装用于这样的钟表用途的陶瓷,尤其是基于氧化锆的陶瓷和金属合金的当前技术是压配合(press fit)、胶粘(聚合物胶粘剂)和螺丝配合(screw fit)。这些技术会使组件变弱并且无法随时间经过确保粘着力。
各种文献致力于解决这一问题:
- JP S63249085A SEIKO EPSON KYOCERA公开了用于钟表用途的钎焊基于氧化锆的陶瓷组件与另一金属合金组件,特别是钛合金的方法;
- WO99/58332A1 PACIFIC COAST TECHNOLOGIES公开了使用钛/镍钎焊材料将由陶瓷材料,如氧化锆制成的界面表面密封在由金属材料,如含钛材料制成的界面上的方法。优选陶瓷包括稳定化氧化锆材料;优选金属包括钛和铌的合金;且优选钛/镍钎焊材料是50:50钛/镍合金。使用含钛、镍和铌的钎焊材料将陶瓷材料接合到无铌的金属材料上。使至少一个界面与钛/镍钎焊材料接触并在向接合处施加压力的同时在真空条件下在900至1200℃的温度进行密封。该方法适用于可植入医疗器械、电气接头、电子外壳、体育用品、结构组件中的气密密封用途;
- WO2017/129705A1 MORGAN ADVANCED CERAM. INC.公开了钎焊烧结氧化锆陶瓷体的方法,其包括步骤:提供具有表面的烧结氧化锆陶瓷体,整体或部分化学还原所述烧结氧化锆陶瓷体以形成相对于烧结氧化锆陶瓷体还原的表面,将钎焊材料施加到还原表面的至少一个部分上以形成包含所述钎焊材料和烧结氧化锆陶瓷体的组装件(assembly)、将所述组装件加热到足以至少部分熔融钎焊材料以使钎焊材料润湿还原表面的温度,和冷却所述组装件以使钎焊材料固化;
- EP3243593A1 PNL HOLDING公开了将金属元件钎焊在氧化锆部件的表面上的方法,其包含步骤:- 劣化所述部件的表面状况以允许第一金属化层附着,- 清洁所述部件以从其表面除去杂质,- 在所述部件的表面上沉积主要含钛的第一金属化层,- 在第一金属化层上沉积主要含铌的第二金属化层,- 将所述元件紧贴第二金属化层放置,- 将金钎料沉积在所述元件和第二金属化层上,- 以温度受控方式冷却钎焊区,- 在钎焊前在金属元件上在载荷下进行应力消除热处理;
- FR2862246A1 EADS SPACE TRANSP GmbH公开了在钎焊前通过使用Nd/Yag激光束或机械手段在陶瓷表面中建立一系列孔而将至少一个陶瓷表面结构化的方法。这些孔具有大于550 mcm的平均直径并且为在几何形状、直径或深度方面不同的两类。每一类中的许多孔构成一个几何组并且一组中的孔中心之间的间距小于另一组中的孔中心之间的间距。当陶瓷表面用纤维增强并层压时,使孔达到至少与层压层相等的深度;
- EP2789597 ALSTOM TECHNOLOGY Ltd.公开了获得用于将包含隔热材料的陶瓷层接合到金属层上的配置的方法,所述配置包含位于陶瓷层与金属层之间的由金属材料制成的界面层,其在面向陶瓷层的一面上包含多个互锁元件,陶瓷层包括旨在与界面层的相应互锁元件连接的许多空腔,所述配置还包含钎焊层,借此将界面层接合到金属层上;
- EP2799411A1 COMADUR公开了制造基于氧化锆的亮橙色物件的方法,其特征在于其包括相继步骤:制造含有氧化锆粉末、3至20重量%的至少一种稳定剂(其选自包括单独或组合的氧化钇、氧化镁和氧化钙的氧化物组)、0.1重量%至5重量%的至少一种元素,其旨在形成玻璃相并选自包括单独或组合的氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锂和氧化钇的组、1重量%至6重量%的氧化铈粉末的第一混合物;制造含有所述第一混合物和粘合剂的第二混合物,通过将所述第二混合物造粒以制造颗粒状混合物;通过赋予第二颗粒状混合物所需物件的形状形成生坯体;在1,250至1,500℃的温度空气烧结至少30分钟和让所需物件在还原气氛中在700℃至1,350℃的温度退火30分钟至20小时的时间和抛光所述烧结生坯体。
Sonia Simoes在2018年10月26日发表的文章'Recent progress in the joiningof titanium alloy to ceramics', METALS提供了其它指示。
发明内容
本发明提供不使用机械应力或聚合物胶粘剂实现金属合金钟表组件与陶瓷组件的组装,因此赋予组装件更好的机械性质。
本发明还提出无需相对组件的任何预先薄膜金属化,通过直接钎焊制造这样的组装件,以控制生产成本。
本发明的目的是通过受控气氛钎焊方法组装由这样的合金制成的组件与陶瓷组件。原理是:
- 在陶瓷基底中制造至少一个(底切)凹槽;
- 将钎焊材料沉积(deposit)在这一凹槽内和希望钎焊的整个表面上;
- 添加希望钎焊的金属合金组件,和将其精确定位;
- 将所述组装件加热到适当温度以熔融钎焊材料和在两个组件之间形成钎接。
为此,本发明涉及根据权利要求1的钎焊第一陶瓷组件和第二金属合金组件以制造结构和/或外部钟表元件的方法。
更特别地,本发明涉及根据权利要求2的在包含在第一基于氧化锆的陶瓷组件中的至少一个第一支承表面(bearing surface)和包含在第二钛合金组件中的至少一个第二支承表面之间在至少一个接合区中钎焊以制造用于钟表或首饰的结构和/或外部元件的方法。
本发明还涉及包括至少一个通过本发明的方法制成的结构和/或外部元件的手表。
附图说明
在参考附图阅读下列详述时会看出本发明的其它特征和优点,其中:
图1代表在此由基于氧化锆的陶瓷表壳中框(case middle)形成的第一未处理组件的示意性平面视图。
图2代表在用于接收第二组件(在此为表圈)的第一支承表面上,图1的表壳中框的细节在径向平面中的示意性剖视图。
图3代表,以类似于图2的方式,根据本发明的这种表壳中框的布置,在其厚度中具有从第一支承表面缩进的第一凹槽。
图4显示,以类似于图3的方式,沉积在这种凹槽中的钎料。
图5代表,以类似于图2的方式,第二组件,在此由钛合金表圈,特别是5级钛合金构成并包含设置为在接合区中以至少部分互补方式与表壳中框的第一支承表面配合的第二支承表面。
图6代表,以类似于图5的方式,第二组件的一种变体制备,在其厚度中具有从其第二支承表面缩进的第二凹槽。
图7代表,以类似于图4的方式,在这种表壳中框以嵌入方向嵌入这种表圈以制造准备置于炉中的组装件。
图8代表,以类似于图7的方式,已经在受控气氛炉中,特别在氩气气氛下进行钎焊操作后的这种组装件。
图9代表,以类似于图1的方式,具有在表耳(horns)附近的四个凹槽的这种表壳中框。
图10代表,以类似于图3的方式,在例如激光加工后,具有尖轮廓(peakedprofile)的第一凹槽,其相对于嵌入方向倾斜,也相对于形成表壳中框的第一支承表面的基础表面倾斜。
图11代表,以类似于图9的方式,将钎焊材料沉积在凹槽内和以波纹图案沉积在第一支承表面上之后的表壳中框。
图12代表,以类似于图10的方式,在例如底切的机械加工后,具有圆形轮廓(rounded profile)的第一凹槽,其垂直于嵌入方向,也相对于形成表壳中框的第一支承表面的基础表面之一倾斜。
图13代表,以类似于图10的方式,具有颈部比凹槽底部窄的轮廓的第一凹槽。
图14是代表包含至少一个通过本发明的方法制成的结构和/或外部元件的手表的方框图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种钎焊第一陶瓷组件10和第二金属合金组件20以制造结构和/或外部钟表元件100的方法。
根据本发明,为第一陶瓷组件10选择基于氧化锆的陶瓷,并为第二金属合金组件20选择钛合金。
适用于外部钟表组件的陶瓷与金属合金之间的钎焊确实是一种困难的操作,并且进行的许多试验已经强调陶瓷与金属合金之间的接近(close)热行为的必要性。
下面解释的方法可用于其它陶瓷,如基于氮化硅的陶瓷或其它,和/或可用于其它合金,如不锈钢或其它合金,但它们具有非常不同的膨胀和收缩行为,这损害钎焊操作的品质,这解释了审慎地选择将基于氧化锆的陶瓷与钛合金配对以产生优质钎接,尤其是随时间经过的优异粘着。
氧化锆是具有许多有利性质的材料,但对其它元素完全无反应性。因此,其原理基于元素(钎焊材料与组件)之间的反应的钎焊是很难实施的操作。选择与健康安全、强度、抗老化性、外观品质方面的钟表学制约条件相容的合适金属合金不是显而易见的。由于在钎焊材料的熔融温度进行钎焊,两个组装元件的热膨胀系数必须彼此非常接近(如同氧化锆和钛的情况),以避免组件破裂或变形的任何风险。
钛合金、至少不含镍的那些,满足上述条件,并且适合根据本发明与基于氧化锆的陶瓷组装来钎焊。
对于其它陶瓷和其它金属合金,问题类似,但在大多数情况下不可能借助钎焊组装,或至少极难实施,尽管下文公开的方法的操作模式在理论上有可能用于其它陶瓷/金属合金对。
更特别地,根据本发明,在第一组件10内制造至少一个第一凹槽4,其在与第二组件20的第二支承表面2的接合区3中相对于第一支承表面1缩进,将钎焊材料5沉积在第一支承表面1上和各凹槽4内,第二表面2与第一表面1对齐(in alignment with)定位以形成组装件,并将这一组装件在受控气氛中加热到高于钎焊材料5的熔融温度的温度,以在接合区3中在第二组件20与第一组件10之间形成钎接。
更特别地,在包含在第一基于氧化锆的陶瓷组件10中的至少一个第一支承表面1和包含在第二钛合金组件20中的至少一个第二支承表面2之间的至少一个接合区3中实施这一钎焊方法,以制造这样的元件100。这种第二支承表面2至少部分与第一支承表面1互补。
根据本发明,如下设置第一组件10和/或分别地第二组件20:从第一组件10的第一支承表面1和/或分别地第二组件20的第二支承表面2缩进制造锥形钻孔或狭缝或沟型的至少一个第一凹槽4,和/或分别地第二凹槽7,以形成设置为允许钎焊材料5深入第一组件10和/或分别地第二组件20内部(从第一支承表面1和/或分别地第二支承表面2缩进)并促进第一组件10和/或分别地第二组件20内的钎焊材料5的机械粘合的容器(receptacle)。
为此,选择至少与第二组件的钛合金,特别但不限于5级钛合金相容的钎焊材料5。
通过将钎焊材料5沉积在第一支承表面1上和从第一支承表面1缩进的各第一凹槽4内,和/或在分别地,沉积在第二支承表面2上和从第二支承表面2缩进的各第二凹槽7内,准备第一组件10和/或分别地第二组件20。
将第二组件20的第二表面2与第一组件10的第一表面1对齐定位,以形成组装件。然后将这一组装件在受控气氛中加热到高于或等于钎焊材料5的熔融温度的温度,以在接合区3中在第二组件20与第一组件10之间形成钎接。
有利地,制造几个凹槽4,几何分布在接合区3中以实现第二组件20与第一组件10的某种吻合(stapling)。例如,为了将表圈钎焊在表壳中框的肩周围,制造至少三个或更特别地,至少四个这样的凹槽4以确保这两个组件的良好相对粘着。
在一个变体中,在接合区3中制造多个不连续的第一凹槽4和/或分别地第二凹槽7。
在另一变体中,在接合区3中制造单个连续凹槽4。更特别地,这种单个凹槽4依循第一组件10的第一表面1周围的闭合轮廓。
在一个特定实施方案中,仅在第一组件10中制造第一凹槽4,以在接合区3中保留尽可能多的第二组件20的材料。然后如下设置第一组件10:从其第一支承表面1缩进制造锥形钻孔或狭缝或沟型的至少一个第一凹槽4,第一凹槽4形成设置为允许钎焊材料5深入第一组件10内部(从第一支承表面1缩进)并促进第一组件10内的钎焊材料5的机械粘合的容器。选择与钛合金相容的钎焊材料5。通过将钎焊材料5沉积在第一支承表面1上和从第一支承表面1缩进的各第一凹槽4内,准备第一组件10。将第二组件20的第二表面2与如此准备的第一组件10的第一表面1对齐定位,以形成组装件。然后将这一组装件在受控气氛中加热到高于或等于钎焊材料5的熔融温度的温度,以在接合区3中在第二组件20与第一组件10之间形成钎接。
更特别地,第一组件1的至少一个第一支承表面1设置为具有至少两个第一基础表面11、12,它们相交(secant)于至少一根第一相交线13,并在第一相交线13上制造至少一个第一凹槽4。例如,如图8和9中所示,第一基础表面11是平面,第二基础表面12是柱面(cylindrical),且相交线13是圆,凹槽4侵入第一基础表面11、第二基础表面12和相交线13。
同样地,如图5中所示,第二组件20中的至少一个第二支承表面12可设置为具有至少两个基础表面21、22,它们相交于位于接合区3的至少一根第二相交线23。
在第二组件20也带有一个或多个第二凹槽7的备选方案中,更特别地,在第二相交线23上制造至少一个这样的第二凹槽7。
更特别地,如果可能,选择钎焊材料5以与钛合金和基于氧化锆的陶瓷都相容。
更特别地,在钎焊操作前超声清洁第一组件10和第二组件20。
更特别地,该组装件在钎焊操作过程中在接合区3附近机械紧压固定。
更特别地,选择钎焊膏作为钎焊材料5,其在压力下嵌入从第一表面1和/或分别地从第二表面2缩进的至少各第一凹槽4和/或分别地各第二凹槽7(如果适当)内。
更特别地,如图13中所示,至少一个第一凹槽4具有靠近第一表面1的颈部6,其中颈部6的横截面小于第一凹槽4与第一表面1相对的底部8的横截面,以形成在钎焊操作后将第二组件20与第一组件10固定的机械楔(mechanical key)。更特别地,各第一凹槽4具有靠近第一表面1的颈部6,其中颈部6的横截面小于第一凹槽4与第一表面1相对的底部8的横截面,以形成在钎焊操作后将第二组件20与第一组件10固定的机械楔。
在一个变体中,确定用于将其与第一组件10对齐的第二组件20的单个嵌入方向DI,并且倾斜于或垂直于嵌入方向DI制造至少一个第一凹槽4。更特别地,倾斜于或垂直于嵌入方向DI制造各第一凹槽4。
在另一变体中,确定用于将其与第一组件10对齐的第二组件20的单个嵌入方向DI,并在嵌入方向DI中制造至少一个第一凹槽4。
更特别地,确定用于将其与第一组件10对齐的第二组件20的单个嵌入方向DI,并使第一表面1和第二表面2在沉积钎焊材料5之前在自由状态下在它们之间具有径向间隙JR;所述径向间隙JR垂直于嵌入方向DI在径向为0.010 mm至0.040 mm。再更特别地,第一表面1和第二表面2在沉积钎焊材料5之前在自由状态下在它们之间具有径向间隙JR;所述径向间隙JR垂直于嵌入方向DI在径向为0.015 mm至0.025 mm。
更特别地,借助注射器在各第一凹槽4中嵌入钎焊材料5。
更特别地,选择适用于将碳化钨钎焊在钢上的钎焊材料作为钎焊材料5。
更特别地,选择钎焊材料5以包括铜、锰和镍并且无镉,具有超细粒度并包括粘合剂以在受控气氛炉中在1000℃至1100℃的温度钎焊。
更特别地,在包含皮带的氩气受控气氛炉中为钎焊操作进行受控气氛加热,该皮带进入炉的速度为0.15 m/mn至0.25 m/mn。
更特别地,在钎焊操作后,在皮带上以0.05 m/mm至0.15 m/mm的皮带速度进行第一冷却操作。
更特别地,钎焊和/或第一冷却用机械夹持该组装件的实体工具(solid tool)和/或用至少等于放置的组装件重量并固定在组装件上的重物(weight)进行,以减慢在钎焊操作后的组装件冷却。
更特别地,在钎焊后,将该组装件置于石墨载体上以无热冲击地快速冷却。
更特别地,在钎焊和/或第一冷却操作后,将该组装件置于石墨载体上以无热冲击地快速冷却。
更特别地,如图10中所示,将钎焊材料5以波纹图案8沉积在第一表面1和/或分别地第二表面2上。
更特别地,在第一陶瓷组件10的制造过程中制造至少一个第一凹槽4,特别在模具中制造这种第一凹槽4。
更特别地,至少一个第一凹槽4是完全机械加工的,或使用激光精加工的。
更特别地,至少一个第一凹槽4是完全机械加工的,或使用刀具或磨轮机械精加工的。
更特别地,选择5级钛作为钛合金。这种5级钛包含,根据ASTM F136以%计,0.00至0.08 C,0.0至0.3 Fe,0.0000至0.0125 H,0.00至0.05 N,0.0至0.2 O,5.50至6.75 Al,3.5至4.5 V,0.0至0.1 OE(其它元素,每种),0.0至0.4 TO(总其它元素)和余量的Ti。
更特别地,选择基于氧化锆的陶瓷以包括:
- 至少一种稳定剂,其选自包括单独或组合的氧化钇、氧化镁和氧化钙的氧化物组;
- 至少一种元素,其旨在形成玻璃相并选自包括单独或组合的氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锂和氧化钇的组;
- 用作颜料的氧化物粉末;
- 和构成100重量%的余量的氧化锆粉末。
更特别地,选择基于氧化锆的陶瓷以含有:
- 3至20重量%的至少一种稳定剂,其选自包括单独或组合的氧化钇、氧化镁和氧化钙的氧化物组;
- 0.1至5重量%的至少一种元素,其旨在形成玻璃相并选自包括单独或组合的氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锂和氧化钇的组;
- 1至10重量%的用作颜料的氧化物粉末;
- 和构成100重量%的余量的氧化锆粉末。
更特别地,用在基于氧化锆的陶瓷表壳中框上的钛合金表圈(特别是5级钛)的钎焊组装件例示本发明。试验表明一个重要的参数是在钎焊前表壳中框与表圈之间的间隙,这对允许适当的热膨胀而不产生不合意的变形而言是必要的。特别地,对于具有大约37 mm的组装肩部的表壳中框,在表壳中框与表圈之间,该间隙有利地在径向为0.01至0.04 mm,优选接近0.02 mm。自然,这种低间隙值需要降低的加工公差,与成本同义。
有可能用激光制造底切凹槽。这些底切凹槽4的目的是制造加强钎焊的机械粘合区域。底切凹槽4可以仅位于某些区域,例如如图8中所示靠近表壳中框的表耳。
用CF CuMn3钎焊材料和用氩气受控气氛炉正确地实施钎焊。
良好的钎焊条件如下:
- 进入炉的速度: 20 cm/min(期望速度);
- 冷却速度: 10 cm/min(期望速度);
- 在氩气气氛下钎焊;
- 炉温度: 1050℃的期望温度。
操作程序包括为获得最终产品而实施的所有步骤。
基于表圈20的位置,将钎焊材料沉积在表壳中框10上,并沉积到壁上和在先前制造的凹槽4内。其还有利地如图10中所示以波纹8的形式沉积。
然后将表圈20安置在钎焊材料上。
当进入炉时,为避免表圈20在热膨胀过程中移动,有利的是在表圈上放置重物,例如与表壳中框10重量相等的重物。这一重物也在皮带向炉中移动时稳定该组装件。这一重物的存在尤其允许组件,尤其是钛表圈更慢冷却。这通过限制热膨胀系数效应而让该组装件经受较低应力。也观察到在冷却过程中在5级钛表圈上放置这样的重物赋予该表圈一定的抗氧化保护。
在离开炉时,有利地将钎焊组件置于石墨台上以避免热冲击,并在这种更快速冷却操作的过程中使用附加重物(其也为表壳中框的重量的量级)将表圈牢固固定在表壳中框的底部。
这样的底切凹槽的存在对确保组装件的粘着是必要的,这是因为否则钎料附着到钛上而没有适当附着到陶瓷上。如果没有由凹槽4内的钎焊材料5的重量发挥的锚固功能,在组件冷却时由于这两种材料的冷却速度差异,表圈会升起。这证实必须保持足够慢的冷却以最大限度降低由热膨胀施加的应力。还要指出,表圈也由于钎焊材料在钛与基于氧化锆的陶瓷之间形成薄界面层而容易升起。
由于底切凹槽4,底切充当表圈的机械锚,这是因为钎焊材料形成将这两个组件固定在一起的金属支撑。
因此有可能将5级钛表圈钎焊在陶瓷表壳中框上并在抗脱除(removalresistance)试验中产生良好结果。
该方法的改进还涉及优化组件的尺寸,特别是钛表圈横截面的降低,具有大约0.75至1.00 mm的横截面。
本发明还涉及包括至少一个通过本发明的方法制成的结构和/或外部元件100的手表1000。
简言之,本发明借助受控气氛钎焊方法提供在5级钛组件与基于氧化锆的陶瓷组件之间的耐久高品质组装件。其与其它技术的区别在于在组装步骤中以钎焊膏的形式加入材料。本发明还确保比普通技术好的组装件的机械和热性质。
在该方法中,钎焊膏与5级钛一起熔融,这使得有可能形成钛组件的金属延展(metal extension),但其不与陶瓷反应。因此,所有机械和热耐受性取决于钎料和取决于其在陶瓷组件中制成的凹槽内的锚固品质。
Claims (21)
1.钎焊第一陶瓷组件(10)和第二金属合金组件(20)以制造结构和/或外部钟表元件(100)的方法,其特征在于为所述第一组件(10)选择基于氧化锆的陶瓷,并为所述第二组件(20)选择钛合金,并且其特征在于在第一组件(10)内制造至少一个第一凹槽(4),第一凹槽(4)在与第二组件(20)的第二支承表面(2)的接合区(3)中相对于第一支承表面(1)缩进,将钎焊材料(5)沉积在该第一支承表面(1)上和各凹槽(4)内,将第二表面(2)与第一表面(1)对齐定位以形成组装件,并在受控气氛中在比钎焊材料(5)的熔融温度高的温度加热所述组装件,以在接合区(3)中形成所述第二组件(20)与所述第一组件(10)的钎接,且其特征进一步在于第二组件(20)中至少一个所述第二支承表面(2)设置为具有至少两个基础表面(21、22),它们相交于位于所述接合区(3)的至少一根第二相交线(23)。
2.根据权利要求1的钎焊方法,其特征在于在包含在所述第一组件(10)中的至少一个第一支承表面(1)和至少部分与所述第一支承表面(1)互补的包含在所述第二组件(20)中的至少一个第二支承表面(2)之间的至少一个接合区(3)中进行所述钎焊,并且其特征在于如下设置所述第一组件(10)和/或分别地所述第二组件(20):从第一组件(10)的所述第一支承表面(1)和/或分别地从所述第二组件(20)的所述第二支承表面(2)缩进制造锥形钻孔或狭缝或沟型的至少一个第一凹槽(4),和/或分别地第二凹槽7,以形成设置为从所述第一支承表面(1)和/或分别地从所述第二支承表面(2)缩进的允许钎焊材料(5)深入所述第一组件(10)和/或分别地所述第二组件(20)内部并促进所述第一组件(10)和/或分别地所述第二组件(20)内的所述钎焊材料(5)的机械粘合的容器,其特征在于选择至少与所述钛合金相容的所述钎焊材料(5),其特征在于通过将钎焊材料(5)沉积在所述第一支承表面(1)上和从所述第一支承表面(1)缩进的各所述第一凹槽(4)内,和/或在分别地,沉积在所述第二支承表面(2)上和从所述第二支承表面(2)缩进的各所述第二凹槽(7)内,准备所述第一组件(10)和/或分别地所述第二组件(20),且其特征在于将所述第二组件(20)的所述第二表面(2)与所述第一组件(10)的所述第一表面(1)对齐定位,以形成组装件,且其特征在于将所述组装件在受控气氛中加热到高于或等于所述钎焊材料(5)的熔融温度的温度,以在所述接合区(3)中在所述第二组件(20)与所述第一组件(10)之间形成钎接。
3.根据权利要求1的钎焊方法,其特征在于如下设置所述第一组件(10):从所述第一组件(10)的所述第一支承表面(1)缩进制造锥形钻孔或狭缝或沟型的至少一个第一凹槽(4),所述第一凹槽(4)形成设置为从所述第一支承表面(1)缩进的允许钎焊材料(5)深入所述第一组件(10)内部并促进所述第一组件(10)内的所述钎焊材料(5)的机械粘合的容器,其特征在于选择至少与所述钛合金相容的所述钎焊材料(5),其特征在于通过将钎焊材料(5)沉积在所述第一支承表面(1)上和从所述第一支承表面(1)缩进的各所述凹槽(4)内,准备所述第一组件(10),其特征在于将所述第二组件(20)的所述第二表面(2)与如此准备的所述第一组件(10)的所述第一表面(1)对齐定位,以形成组装件,并且其特征在于将所述组装件在受控气氛中加热到高于或等于所述钎焊材料(5)的熔融温度的温度,以在所述接合区(3)中在所述第二组件(20)与所述第一组件(10)之间形成钎接。
4.根据权利要求1至3任一项的方法,其特征在于所述第一组件(10)的至少一个所述第一支承表面(1)设置为具有至少两个第一基础表面(11、12),它们相交于至少一根第一相交线(13),并在所述第一相交线(13)上制造至少一个所述第一凹槽(4)。
5.根据权利要求2的方法,其特征在于在所述第二相交线(23)上制造至少一个所述第二凹槽(7)。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述组装件在所述钎焊操作过程中在所述接合区(3)附近机械紧压固定。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于所述钎焊材料(5)选择为钎焊膏的形式,其在压力下嵌入从所述第一表面(1)缩进的至少各所述第一凹槽(4)内。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于至少一个所述第一凹槽(4)具有靠近所述第一表面(1)的颈部(6),其中所述颈部(6)的横截面小于所述第一凹槽(4)面向所述第一表面(1)的底部(8)的横截面,以形成在所述钎焊操作后将所述第二组件(20)与所述第一组件(10)机械固定的楔。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于确定用于将第二组件(20)与所述第一组件(10)对齐的第二组件(20)的单个嵌入方向(DI),并且其特征在于倾斜于或垂直于所述嵌入方向(DI)制造至少一个所述第一凹槽(4)。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于确定用于将所述第二组件(20)与所述第一组件(10)对齐的所述第二组件(20)的单个嵌入方向(DI),并且其特征在于使所述第一表面(1)和所述第二表面(2)在沉积钎焊材料(5)之前在自由状态下在它们之间具有径向间隙(JR),所述径向间隙(JR)垂直于所述嵌入方向(DI)在径向为0.010 mm至0.040 mm。
11.根据权利要求10的方法,其特征在于使所述第一表面(1)和所述第二表面(2)在沉积钎焊材料(5)之前在自由状态下在它们之间具有径向间隙(JR),所述径向间隙(JR)垂直于所述嵌入方向(DI)在径向为0.015 mm至0.025 mm。
12.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于作为所述钎焊材料(5)选择适用于将碳化钨钎焊在钢上的钎焊材料。
13.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于选择所述钎焊材料(5)以包括铜、锰和镍并且无镉,具有超细粒度并包括粘合剂以在受控气氛炉中在1000℃至1100℃的温度钎焊。
14.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于在所述第一陶瓷组件(10)的制造过程中制造至少一个所述第一凹槽(4)。
15.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于至少一个所述第一凹槽(4)是完全机械加工的,或使用激光精加工的。
16.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于至少一个所述第一凹槽(4)是完全机械加工的,或使用刀具或磨轮机械精加工的。
17.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于在所述接合区(3)中制造多个不连续的第一凹槽(4)。
18.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于作为所述钛合金选择5级钛,其包含,根据ASTMF136以%计,0.00至0.08 C,0.0至0.3 Fe,0.0000至0.0125 H,0.00至0.05 N,0.0至0.2 O,5.50至6.75 Al,3.5至4.5 V,0.0至0.1 OE(其它元素,每种),0.0至0.4 TO(总其它元素)和余量的Ti。
19.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于选择基于氧化锆的陶瓷以含有:
- 至少一种稳定剂,其选自包括单独或组合的氧化钇、氧化镁和氧化钙的氧化物组;
- 至少一种元素,其旨在形成玻璃相并选自包括单独或组合的氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锂和氧化钇的组;
- 用作颜料的氧化物粉末;
- 和构成100重量%的余量的氧化锆粉末。
20.根据权利要求19的方法,其特征在于选择所述基于氧化锆的陶瓷以含有:
- 3至20重量%的至少一种稳定剂,其选自包括单独或组合的氧化钇、氧化镁和氧化钙的氧化物组;
- 0.1至5重量%的至少一种元素,其旨在形成玻璃相并选自包括单独或组合的氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化锂和氧化钇的组;
- 1至10重量%的用作颜料的氧化物粉末;
- 和构成100重量%的余量的氧化锆粉末。
21.手表,其包含至少一个通过根据权利要求1的方法制成的结构和/或外部元件。
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