CN111084064A

CN111084064A - Japonica rice cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN111084064A
Application number: CN201911378984.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 文喜贤; 程飞虎; 陈忠平; 乐丽红; 黄大山; 胡翊炜; 刘凯丽; 武志峰; 孙明珠; 龙珑; 黄梅梅
Original assignee: Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station
Current assignee: Jiangxi Agricultural Technology Extension Station
Priority date: 2019-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-27
Publication date: 2020-05-01

Abstract

The invention discloses a japonica rice cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) ploughing the field, cleaning the field and applying a base fertilizer; (2) sterilizing seeds, placing the seeds into water for intermittent seed soaking and sterilizing for 24-48 h, and enabling the seeds to sprout by breaking the openings to obtain seedlings; (3) transplanting the strengthened seedlings into the field, wherein the seed consumption is 0.75-2.0 kg/mu; (4) weeding and applying a tillering fertilizer to the field block within 5-20 days after transplanting to obtain strong seedlings; (5) applying spike fertilizer when the tip of the strong seedling is exposed or the sword leaves are fully expanded, repeatedly controlling false smut, and harvesting after the strong seedling is mature. The fertilization comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer at different cultivation stages, so that the fertilizer requirements of japonica rice at different growth stages are met, and the yield is improved; the seeds are soaked and disinfected, and seedlings are strengthened, so that the disease incidence of rice is reduced, and the pesticide consumption is reduced.

Description

Japonica rice cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rice cultivation, in particular to a japonica rice cultivation method.

Background

Japonica rice is a subspecies of rice, needs short sunshine time, but has long growth period, is cold-resistant, has strong viscosity, short and round rice grains, higher protein content and good taste.

Japonica rice is resistant to fertilizer and lodging, has high water management requirements, and should be planted in a plain area with deep soil plough layer, good soil foundation and convenient irrigation and drainage. At present, most of japonica rice is cultivated by applying base fertilizer once before transplanting, and applying certain additional fertilizer according to actual conditions after transplanting.

The existing japonica rice cultivation method has poor benefit and low yield, and cannot meet the increasing market demand.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a japonica rice cultivation method capable of improving yield.

A japonica rice cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) ploughing the field, cleaning the field and applying a base fertilizer;

(2) intermittently soaking and sterilizing the seeds for 24-48 h to make the seeds sprout, and raising the seedlings for 18-25 days to obtain seedlings;

(3) transplanting the strengthened seedlings into the field, wherein the seed consumption is 0.75-2 kg/mu;

(4) weeding and applying a tillering fertilizer to the field block within 5-20 days after transplanting to obtain strong seedlings;

(5) applying spike fertilizer when the tip of the strong seedling is exposed or the sword leaves are fully expanded, repeatedly controlling false smut, and harvesting after the strong seedling is mature.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the fertilization comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer at different stages of cultivation, meeting the nutrient requirements of japonica rice at different stages and improving the yield; the seeds are soaked and disinfected, and seedlings are strengthened, so that the incidence of rice diseases is reduced, and the using amount of pesticides is reduced.

In addition, the japonica rice cultivation method provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:

further, the intermittent seed soaking disinfection in the step (2) is divided into:

if the seeds are single cropping rice, intermittently soaking the seeds for 36-48 h;

and if the seeds are continuous cropping rice, intermittently soaking the seeds for 24-36 h.

Further, the transplanting in the step (3) is divided into:

if the transplanting is wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is 0.75-1.75 kg/mu, and the seedling cost ratio is 1: 10-15;

if the transplanting is plastic-disc seedling throwing, the seed consumption is 1-2.0 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic disc is about 30-35 g;

if the transplanting is machine transplanting, the seed consumption is 1.25-2.0 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic tray is 60-70 g.

Further, the weeding and tillering fertilizer application in the step (4) are respectively performed in the following sequence:

performing weeding and tillering fertilizer application at the same time within 5-7 days after transplanting;

and applying the tillering fertilizer again between 15 and 20 percent after transplanting.

Further, the strong seedlings in the step (3) are divided into:

if the seedlings are one leaf and one heart, spraying 200ppm paclobutrazol;

and if the seedlings have two leaves and one core, shallow water seedling feeding plates are irrigated to the seedlings.

Further, the total weight of N, P, K in the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the spike fertilizer is 14-25 kg/mu, 5-9 kg/mu and 11-18 kg/mu respectively.

Further, the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer is urea, the spike fertilizer is a mixture of urea and potassium chloride, and the weight ratio of the three-time fertilization is 4-5: 1: 1.

Further, the method further comprises irrigation management comprising:

irrigating the field before transplanting, keeping the water level at 2-3 cm, stopping irrigating on the 4 th day after transplanting, and naturally infiltrating water in the field for 2-3 days;

irrigating the field again to keep the water level at 2-3 cm, stopping irrigation on the 15 th day after transplanting, discharging water in the field, and settling for 2-3 days;

and irrigating the field to keep the water content of the field below 70%.

Further, the irrigation management further comprises:

and irrigating the field once in the heading period of the japonica rice, and irrigating once again after the field naturally falls dry, and circulating the steps. And repeating the irrigation until the period within 7-10 days before the mature harvest of the japonica rice.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Example 1

A japonica rice cultivation method comprises the following steps:

(1) ploughing the field, cleaning the field and applying a base fertilizer;

(2) carrying out intermittent seed soaking and disinfection on seeds, so that the seeds germinate in crevasses, and raising the seedlings for 18-25 days to obtain seedlings;

(3) transplanting the strengthened seedlings into the field;

(4) after transplanting, weeding and applying tillering fertilizer to the field block to obtain strong seedlings;

(5) and applying spike fertilizer when the tip of the strong seedling is exposed or the sword leaves are fully expanded, and harvesting after the strong seedling is mature.

The method has the advantages that the fertilizer application comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and spike fertilizer at different cultivation periods, so that the fertility of the field is higher, and the yield is improved; the seeds are disinfected, and seedlings are strengthened, so that the incidence of subsequent seedling strengthening diseases is reduced, and the using amount of pesticides is reduced.

It is to be noted that the disinfection and seedling strengthening are mainly used for preventing and treating bakanae disease and other seed-borne diseases, and improving the disease resistance of rice, wherein the false smut is particularly important, and the black-streaked dwarf disease is also needed to be concerned. The false smut is prevented and controlled, the agent is reasonably selected 7-10 days before the opening, 2-3 days before the opening and when the ears are aligned, the sheath blight and the rice blast are also paid attention, and the agent is reasonably and scientifically used according to the growth condition of rice.

In addition, if the seeds are rice in one season, ploughing the field 10-30 days before cultivation, and if the seeds are rice in late season, ploughing immediately after the last harvest; the cleaning field is generally the straw in the cleaning field, and the straw can also be cut up and put into the field again.

As can be understood, the seedling raising is to sow seeds in a seedling tray so that the seeds can grow out of seedlings. In this embodiment, the seeds are single-cropping rice, the intermittent seed soaking time in the step (2) is 48 hours, the transplanting is wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is 1 kg/mu, and the seedling cost ratio is 1: 10.

Specifically, the seed soaking and disinfection is to soak seeds with clear water and then soak seeds with a medicament, the total time of the seed soaking with the clear water and the total time of the seed soaking with the medicament are the same, and the seed soaking with the clear water and the medicament are intermittent seed soaking, namely the seeds are soaked in water for 10 hours and then taken out and placed in the air for 2 hours, so that the seeds can fully absorb oxygen while fully absorbing moisture.

When the transplanting is wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is as follows:

japonica rice is 0.75-1 kg/mu in one season, and the rice seedling bed ratio is 1: 10-15;

the weight ratio of double-season late japonica rice is 1.5-1.75 kg/mu, and the seedling cost ratio is 1: 10.

Specifically, for japonica in one season, seeding in middle and last ten months of 5 months, transplanting (throwing) in middle and last ten months of 6 months, jointing in the middle and last ten months of 7 months, heading in the last-9 last days of 8 months, and maturing in the middle and last days of 10 months. Specifically, during transplanting, 1.2-1.3 million stumps are inserted by hands, and the specification is 9 × 5 inches or 8 × 6 inches; transplanting by machine at 9 x 3.6 cun, with maximum seedling taking amount; 1.3-1.5 thousands of roots are uniformly transplanted in each field of seedling throwing, and the number of basic seedlings is about 3-4 thousands. And (4) planting the field 4 days after transplanting, combining field exposure and large water and fertilizer 7 days later, striving for about 15 ten thousand per mu basically within 15-20 days, and striving for big ears with low nodes. About 3-4 million basic seedlings, 22-25 million peak seedlings and about 65% of spike forming rate; the effective spike is controlled to be about 12-13 ten thousand spikes, and the average spike grain number is 300-350 grains.

In addition, for double late japonica, seeding is performed from the end of late 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, transplanting (throwing) is performed in the middle and late 7 months, joints are removed in the middle and late 8 months, ear is spilt in the middle and upper 9 months, and ripening is performed from the end of 10 months to the upper 11 months. Inserting 1.6-1.8 thousands of stumps by hand, with the specification of 4 × 8 inches or 5 × 7 inches; transplanting by machine at 7 × 4 inches, and taking the largest amount of seedlings; uniformly transplanting 1.8-2.0 thousands of seedlings per mu by throwing; about 4.5-5 ten thousand basic seedlings. After transplanting, the roots are promoted in the field 4 days later, the field is exposed 7 days later, the water and the fertilizer are large, the basic mu is about 20-25 ten thousand within 15-20 days, and the ears are large in low nodes. About 4.5-5 ten thousand of basic seedlings; the peak seedlings are within 30 ten thousand, the effective spike is controlled to be 15-17 ten thousand, and the average spike grain number is 220-260.

It should be noted that for double-season japonica rice, the seed consumption for wet seedling raising is 1.5-1.75 kg/mu, the seed consumption for plastic plate seedling throwing is 1.75-2 kg/mu, and the seed consumption for machine-transplanted rice is 1.9-2 kg/mu.

Specifically, the sequence of weeding and tillering fertilizer application in the step (4) is respectively as follows:

performing weeding and tillering fertilizer application simultaneously on the 6 th day after transplanting;

and on the 20 th day after transplanting, applying the tillering fertilizer again.

Specifically, the strong seedlings in the step (3) are divided into:

if the seedlings are one leaf and one heart, spraying 200ppm paclobutrazol;

In addition, the application schedule of the fertilizer is shown in table 1, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises 15% of N, 15% of P and 15% of K.

TABLE 1

It should be noted that, in the general case of the present invention, when the expected yield is 700-800 kg, pure N14-16 kg is required, the expected yield is 900 kg, pure N17-19 kg is required, the expected yield is 900-1000kg, and pure N20-25 kg is required.

In the embodiment, the field is irrigated by one-time irrigation, the water level is kept at 3cm, and the irrigation lasts for 7 days before the harvest of japonica rice.

Example 2

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:

the seeds in the step (2) are continuous cropping rice, and the seed soaking time is 36 h;

and (4) in the step (3), plastic-disk seedling throwing, the seed consumption is 1-2 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic disk is about 35 g.

Specifically, when plastic-disc seedling throwing is adopted for transplanting, the seeding amount of 1-1.5 kg/mu japonica rice in one season is used, and the seeding amount of 1.75-2.0 japonica rice in two seasons is about 30-35 g for a single plastic disc.

Example 3

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:

and (4) transplanting in the step (3) is machine transplanting, wherein the seed consumption is 1.25-2 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic tray is 60 g.

Specifically, when the transplanting is machine transplanting, the seed consumption is 1.25-1.5 kg/mu in one season, 1.9-2.0 kg/mu in double-season late japonica, and the seeding amount of a single plastic disc is 60-70 g.

It should be noted that the seedling field for wet seedling raising, plastic tray seedling throwing and seedling transplanting by using the sludge tray seedling raising machine should select field blocks with good fertility and convenient irrigation and drainage, and reasonably fertilize, and generally 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per mu. As the temperature is higher during the seedling raising of the middle and late rice, the control of the seedling age is very critical, and the transplanting period must be reasonably determined according to the transplanting (throwing) period. If the seedling age is too long, the chemical control should be carried out to prevent the excessive growth of the seedlings, but the dosage of the chemical control agent for japonica rice (such as dry-raised nurse seed dressing, uniconazole seed soaking, paclobutrazol chemical control and the like) should be properly reduced compared with that of hybrid indica rice.

Example 4

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:

the irrigation of the method comprises:

i. irrigating the field before transplanting to keep the water level at 3cm, and stopping irrigating on the 4 th day after transplanting to allow water in the field to naturally infiltrate for 3 days;

irrigating the field again to keep the water level at 3cm, stopping irrigation on the 15 th day after transplanting, discharging water in the field, and settling for 3 days;

and iii, irrigating the field again to keep the water content of the field below 70%.

Example 5

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 4 except that:

the irrigation further comprises:

i. irrigating the field once in the heading period of the japonica rice, and irrigating once again after the field naturally falls dry, and circulating the steps;

ii, irrigating the field once every 7 days in the milk maturity period of the japonica rice, and stopping irrigating after the water level of the field reaches 3 cm;

and iii, repeating the irrigation until the time is within 10 days before the mature harvest of the japonica rice, and stopping the irrigation.

Example 6

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 5 except that:

the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in this example was 14 kg/acre.

Example 7

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 5 except that:

the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in this example was 18 kg/acre.

Example 8

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 5 except that:

the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in this example was 20 kg/acre.

Example 9

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 5 except that:

the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer used in this example was 20 kg/acre.

In order to better illustrate the invention, the original seed field in the Fuzhou city is developed with special tests of different nitrogen application amounts of japonica rice in one season, so as to determine the nitrogen fertilizer application amount of japonica rice, the method of the embodiment is adopted to test Yongyou No. 12, and the results are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

Referring to table 2, comparing examples 1 to 5, it can be seen that the yields obtained in examples 1 and 3 are close to each other, while the yields obtained in examples 4 and 5 are significantly better than those obtained in examples 1 to 3, which indicates that the irrigation management in examples 4 and 5 has a significant promoting effect, and the effect of example 5 is slightly better than that of example 4;

comparing examples 5 to 9, it can be seen that example 7 achieves the best effect, i.e., the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is 18 kg/mu, and the best example can be selected.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A japonica rice cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) ploughing the field, cleaning the field and applying a base fertilizer;

2. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking disinfection in the step (2) is divided into:

if the seeds are single cropping rice, soaking the seeds for 36-48 h;

and if the seeds are continuous cropping rice, soaking the seeds for 24-36 h.

3. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the transplanting in the step (3) is divided into:

if the transplanting is wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is 0.75-1 kg/mu, and the seedling cost ratio is 1: 10-15;

if the transplanting is plastic-disc seedling throwing, the seed consumption is 1-1.5 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic disc is about 30-35 g;

4. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the weeding and tillering fertilizer application in step (4) are respectively in the following order:

5. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the strong seedlings in the step (3) are divided into:

if the seedlings are one leaf and one heart, spraying 200ppm paclobutrazol;

6. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the total weight of N, P, K in the base fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer and the ear fertilizer is 14-25 kg/mu, 5-9 kg/mu and 11-18 kg/mu respectively.

7. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 6, wherein the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, the tillering fertilizer is urea, the spike fertilizer is a mixture of urea and potassium chloride, and the weight ratio of the three-time fertilization is 4-5: 1: 1.

8. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising irrigation management comprising:

ploughing a field block before transplanting, keeping the water level of the field block at 2-3 cm, and stopping irrigation on the 4 th day after transplanting to naturally dry water in the field block for 2-3 days;

and irrigating the field to keep the water content of the soil of the field below 70%.

9. The japonica rice cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein the irrigation management further comprises:

irrigating the field once after the period of complete spike of the japonica rice, and irrigating again after the field naturally falls dry;

and repeating the irrigation until the period within 7-10 days before the mature harvest of the japonica rice.