CN111109027A - Seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
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- CN111109027A CN111109027A CN202010071906.8A CN202010071906A CN111109027A CN 111109027 A CN111109027 A CN 111109027A CN 202010071906 A CN202010071906 A CN 202010071906A CN 111109027 A CN111109027 A CN 111109027A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seedling cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out intermittent clear water seed soaking and intermittent disinfection seed soaking on the seeds until the seeds germinate after being broken; (2) sowing the seeds in a seedling raising field, and raising seedlings for 18-25 days to obtain seedlings; (3) strengthening the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a field, and turning over, fertilizing and disinfecting the field 10-30 days before transplanting; (4) and (5) weeding and applying tillering fertilizer to the field block 5-20 days after the transplanting to obtain strong seedlings. The seeds are soaked intermittently, so that the time for the seeds to be in the air once can be greatly reduced, and the disinfection effect is better; the seeds are sowed in the seedling raising field, and then the seedlings are strengthened and transplanted to the field block, so that the yield can be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of japonica rice cultivation, in particular to a seedling cultivation method.
Background
Japonica rice is a subspecies of rice, needs short sunshine time, but has long growth period, is cold-resistant, has strong viscosity, short and round rice grains, higher protein content and good taste.
Japonica rice is resistant to fertilizer and lodging, has high water management requirements, and should be planted in a plain area with deep soil plough layer, good soil foundation and convenient irrigation and drainage. During the planting process of japonica rice, the seeds are firstly disinfected, then placed in the air to make the broken openings germinate, and then the seeds are directly sown in the field.
The disinfection and the pregermination are respectively carried out in the existing japonica rice planting process, the efficiency is poor, the disinfection effect is poor, the seeds are directly sowed in the field, and the yield is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a seedling raising method with a good sterilizing effect, which can also improve the yield.
A seedling raising method comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out intermittent clear water seed soaking and intermittent disinfection seed soaking on the seeds until the seeds germinate after being broken;
(2) sowing the seeds in a seedling raising field, and raising seedlings for 18-25 days to obtain seedlings;
(3) strengthening the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a field, and turning over, fertilizing and disinfecting the field 10-30 days before transplanting;
(4) and (5) weeding and applying tillering fertilizer to the field block 5-20 days after the transplanting to obtain strong seedlings.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the seeds are soaked intermittently, so that the time for the seeds to be in the air once can be greatly reduced, and the disinfection effect is better; the seeds are sowed in the seedling raising field, and then the seedlings are strengthened and transplanted to the field block, so that the yield can be improved.
In addition, the seedling cultivation method provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
further, the intermittent clear water seed soaking and the intermittent disinfection seed soaking in the step (1) are carried out in an oxygen-enriched environment, the intermittent clear water seed soaking is to soak the seeds in clear water for 8-10 hours, take out the seeds and stand for 2-5 hours, then soak the seeds in clear water for 8-10 hours, the intermittent disinfection seed soaking is to soak the seeds in disinfection water for 8-10 hours, take out the seeds and stand for 2-5 hours, and then soak the seeds in disinfection water for 8-10 hours.
Furthermore, the concentration of the disinfectant fluid is 0.15-0.2%, and the component of the disinfectant fluid is prochloraz.
Further, the seedling raising field in the step (2) is arranged in an oxygen-enriched environment, the seeds are sowed in a seedling tray of the seedling raising field, and the soil moisture content of the seedling tray is 40-60%.
Furthermore, the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched environment is 50-80%, and the average flow speed of air is 1-3 m/s.
Further, the transplanting in the step (3) is divided into:
if the transplanting is wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is 0.75-1 kg/mu, and the seedling cost ratio is 1: 10-15;
if the transplanting is plastic-disc seedling throwing, the seed consumption is 1-1.5 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic disc is about 30-35 g;
if the transplanting is machine transplanting, the seed consumption is 1.25-2.0 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic tray is 60-70 g.
Further, the strong seedlings in the step (3) are divided into:
if the seedlings are one leaf and one heart, spraying 200ppm paclobutrazol;
and if the seedlings have two leaves and one core, shallow water seedling feeding plates are irrigated to the seedlings.
Further, the fertilization in the step (3) is to apply straw rotten matters to the field, and the application amount is 50-100 kg/mu.
Further, the field is disinfected by adopting a mixed solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bicarbonate in the step (3), wherein the concentration of the mixed solution is 20-50%, the weight ratio of the sodium hypochlorite to the sodium bicarbonate is 20: 2-5, and the application amount is 10-15 kg/mu.
Further, the tillering fertilizer in the step (4) is a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5: 1-3, and the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, specific embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Example 1
A seedling raising method comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out intermittent clear water seed soaking and intermittent disinfection seed soaking on seeds for many times until the seeds break and germinate, wherein the intermittent clear water seed soaking and the intermittent disinfection seed soaking are carried out in an oxygen-enriched environment, the intermittent clear water seed soaking is to soak the seeds in clear water for 8 hours, then take out the seeds and stand for 2 hours, and then soak the seeds in clear water for 8 hours, the intermittent disinfection seed soaking is to soak the seeds in disinfection water for 8 hours, then take out the seeds and stand for 2 hours, soak the seeds in the disinfection water for 8 hours, and the concentration of the disinfection water is 0.15%, and the component of the disinfection water is prochloraz;
(2) sowing the seeds in a seedling raising field, and raising the seedlings for 20 days to obtain seedlings, wherein the seedling raising field is arranged in an oxygen-enriched environment, the seeds are sowed in a seedling tray of the seedling raising field, and the soil moisture content of the seedling tray is 40%;
(3) strengthening seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a field, and ploughing, fertilizing and sterilizing the field 20 days before transplanting, wherein the fertilizing is to apply straw rotten matters to the field with the application amount of 60 kg/mu, and the sterilizing is to sterilize the field by using a mixed solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bicarbonate, the concentration of the mixed solution is 20%, the weight ratio of the sodium hypochlorite to the sodium bicarbonate is 20:2, and the application amount is 10 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) weeding and applying a tillering fertilizer to the field 10 days after transplanting to obtain strong seedlings, wherein the tillering fertilizer is a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5:1, and the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 10 kg/mu.
In this embodiment, japonica rice seedlings, specifically indica-japonica hybrid rice, are used.
The invention adopts intermittent seed soaking to the seeds, which can greatly reduce the time that the seeds are in the air once and has better disinfection effect; the seeds are sowed in the seedling raising field, and then the seedlings are strengthened and transplanted to the field block, so that the yield can be improved.
In addition, the seeds are continuously soaked in water or disinfectant for 2-4 days in the conventional seed soaking method, so that the seeds are easy to fester.
It should be noted that the disinfection and strong seedling are mainly used for preventing and treating bakanae disease and other seed-borne diseases, and the disease resistance of rice is improved, wherein the false smut is particularly important, and the black-streaked dwarf disease is also needed to be concerned. The false smut is prevented and controlled, the agent is reasonably selected 7-10 days before the opening, 2-3 days before the opening and when the ears are aligned, the sheath blight and the rice blast are also paid attention, and the agent is reasonably and scientifically used according to the growth condition of rice.
Specifically, the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched environment is 60%, and the average flow speed of air is 1 m/s.
It can be understood that the intermittent seed soaking and seedling raising field can be arranged in a greenhouse, the oxygen-rich environment can enable the seeds to absorb sufficient oxygen, the higher the oxygen concentration can cause the higher the cost of oxygen generation, and the optimal oxygen content is 60% considering the cost and the yield comprehensively. The temperature in the greenhouse is generally more than 25 ℃.
Specifically, the transplanting in the step (3) is divided into:
if the transplanting is wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is 0.75 kg/mu, and the seedling-to-seedling ratio is 1: 10;
if the transplanting is plastic-disc seedling throwing, the seed consumption is 1 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic disc is about 30 g;
if the transplanting is machine transplanting, the seed consumption is 2.0 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic tray is 60 g.
In this example, the transplanting was carried out by wet seedling raising.
It should be noted that the transplanting method is used for cultivation of japonica rice in one season.
Specifically, for japonica in one season, seeding in middle and last ten months of 5 months, transplanting (throwing) in middle and last ten months of 6 months, jointing in the middle and last ten months of 7 months, heading in the last-9 last days of 8 months, and maturing in the middle and last days of 10 months. Specifically, during transplanting, 1.2-1.3 million stumps are inserted by hands, and the specification is 9 × 5 inches or 8 × 6 inches; transplanting by machine at 9 x 3.6 cun, with maximum seedling taking amount; 1.3-1.5 thousands of roots are uniformly transplanted in each field of seedling throwing, and the number of basic seedlings is about 3-4 thousands. And (4) planting the field 4 days after transplanting, combining field exposure and large water and fertilizer 7 days later, striving for about 15 ten thousand per mu basically within 15-20 days, and striving for big ears with low nodes. About 3-4 million basic seedlings, 22-25 million peak seedlings and about 65% of spike forming rate; the effective spike is controlled to be about 12-13 ten thousand spikes, and the average spike grain number is 300-350 grains.
It should be noted that the amount of seeds used is the weight of the seeds and not the weight of the entire seedling tray.
In order to carry out targeted strong seedling on the seedlings, the strong seedling in the step (3) is divided into:
if the seedlings are one leaf and one heart, spraying 200ppm paclobutrazol;
and if the seedlings have two leaves and one core, shallow water seedling feeding plates are irrigated to the seedlings.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except for the following differences.
A seedling raising method comprising the steps of:
(1) intermittent clear water seed soaking and intermittent disinfection seed soaking are carried out on seeds until the seeds break and germinate, wherein the intermittent seed soaking is carried out in an oxygen-enriched environment, the intermittent clear water seed soaking is to soak the seeds in clear water for 10 hours, then the seeds are taken out and stand for 5 hours, then the seeds are soaked in clear water for 10 hours, the intermittent disinfection seed soaking is to soak the seeds in disinfection water for 10 hours, then the seeds are taken out and stand for 5 hours, the seeds are soaked in the disinfection water for 10 hours, the concentration of the disinfection water is 0.2%, and the ingredient of the disinfection water is prochloraz;
(2) sowing the seeds in a seedling raising field, and raising the seedlings for 20 days to obtain seedlings, wherein the seedling raising field is arranged in an oxygen-enriched environment, the seeds are sowed in a seedling tray of the seedling raising field, and the soil moisture content of the seedling tray is 60%;
(3) strengthening seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a field, and ploughing, fertilizing and sterilizing the field 20 days before transplanting, wherein the fertilizing is to apply straw rotten matters to the field, the application amount is 60 kg/mu, the sterilizing is to sterilize the field by adopting a mixed solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bicarbonate, the concentration of the mixed solution is 50%, the weight ratio of the sodium hypochlorite to the sodium bicarbonate is 20:5, and the application amount is 15 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) weeding and applying a tillering fertilizer to the field 10 days after transplanting to obtain strong seedlings, wherein the tillering fertilizer is a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5:3, and the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 20 kg/mu.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except for the following differences.
A seedling raising method comprising the steps of:
(1) intermittent clear water seed soaking and intermittent disinfection seed soaking are carried out on seeds until the seeds break and germinate, wherein the intermittent seed soaking is carried out in an oxygen-enriched environment, the intermittent clear water seed soaking is to soak the seeds in clear water for 10 hours, then the seeds are taken out and stand for 3 hours, then the seeds are soaked in clear water for 10 hours, the intermittent disinfection seed soaking is to soak the seeds in disinfection water for 8 hours, then the seeds are taken out and stand for 2 hours, the seeds are soaked in the disinfection water for 8 hours, the concentration of the disinfection water is 0.2%, and the ingredient of the disinfection water is prochloraz;
(2) sowing the seeds in a seedling raising field, and raising the seedlings for 20 days to obtain seedlings, wherein the seedling raising field is arranged in an oxygen-enriched environment, the seeds are sowed in a seedling tray of the seedling raising field, and the soil moisture content of the seedling tray is 50%;
(3) strengthening seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a field, and ploughing, fertilizing and sterilizing the field 20 days before transplanting, wherein the fertilizing is to apply straw rotten matters to the field, the application amount is 60 kg/mu, the sterilizing is to sterilize the field by adopting a mixed solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bicarbonate, the concentration of the mixed solution is 25%, the weight ratio of the sodium hypochlorite to the sodium bicarbonate is 20:2, and the application amount is 15 kg/mu;
(4) and (3) weeding and applying a tillering fertilizer to the field 10 days after transplanting to obtain strong seedlings, wherein the tillering fertilizer is a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer, the weight ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to the potassium fertilizer is 5:2, and the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 10 kg/mu.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 3 except that:
for double-season late japonica rice, the seed consumption for wet seedling raising is 1.5 kg/mu, the seed consumption for plastic plate seedling throwing is 1.75 kg/mu, and the seed consumption for machine-transplanted seedling is 2 kg/mu.
The specific cultivation process comprises the following steps: sowing seeds from the end of late 6 months to the beginning of 7 months, transplanting (throwing) seeds in the middle and late 7 months, jointing in the middle and late 8 months, heading in the middle and upper 9 months, and maturing from the end of 10 months to the upper 11 months. Inserting 1.6-1.8 thousands of stumps by hand, with the specification of 4 × 8 inches or 5 × 7 inches; transplanting by machine at 7 × 4 inches, and taking the largest amount of seedlings; uniformly transplanting 1.8-2.0 thousands of seedlings per mu by throwing; about 4.5-5 ten thousand basic seedlings. After transplanting, the roots are promoted in the field 4 days later, the field is exposed 7 days later, the water and the fertilizer are large, the basic mu is about 20-25 ten thousand within 15-20 days, and the ears are large in low nodes. About 4.5-5 ten thousand of basic seedlings; the peak seedlings are within 30 ten thousand, the effective spike is controlled to be 15-17 ten thousand, and the average spike grain number is 220-260.
Comparative example 1
A seedling raising method comprising the steps of:
(1) soaking the seeds for 1 hour by adopting a 50% hydrogen peroxide solution, then soaking the seeds in clear water for 24 hours, taking out the seeds, stacking the seeds in the air until the seeds germinate after being broken;
(2) the seeds are sowed to field blocks by adopting wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is 1.5 kg/mu, and the straws in the field blocks are cleaned before sowing.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that:
the intermittent seed soaking in the step (1) is carried out in a common air environment, and the seedling raising field in the step (2) is arranged in the common air environment.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that:
the component of the disinfectant fluid in the step (1) is hydrogen peroxide.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that:
and (4) adopting a 25% sodium hypochlorite solution for disinfection in the step (3).
Comparative example 5
This comparative example is substantially the same as example 3 except that:
the tillering fertilizer is a nitrogen fertilizer.
To better illustrate the present invention, the Guixi city developed a special test of round-grained nonglutinous rice in one season, and the following results were obtained using the methods of the above examples and control examples for field plots of the same area, as shown in Table 1, wherein example 4 was double-season late-grained nonglutinous rice, and the incidence of the disease was statistically including seedlings with false smut and rice blast.
In the following experiments, sowing and transplanting were carried out in Wansui county, wherein the transplanting date of japonica rice in one season was 27 days in 5 months, and the transplanting date of japonica rice in two seasons was 25 days in 6 months.
TABLE 1
Referring to table 1, comparing examples 1 to 3, it can be understood that the actual yield per mu of example 3 is the highest, and the parameter value obtained is the best;
comparing example 3 with comparative example 1, it can be seen that comparative example 1 is equivalent to the conventional method, and the method of example 3 is far superior to that of comparative example 1;
comparing example 3 with comparative example 2, it is clear that the yield is improved to some extent by using an oxygen-rich environment;
comparing example 3 with comparative example 3 and comparative example 4, it is clear that the use of the sterilization of example 3 can further reduce the incidence of disease;
comparing example 3 with comparative example 5, it is understood that the yield can be improved to some extent by mixing the nitrogen fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer in step (4).
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A seedling raising method, comprising the steps of:
(1) carrying out intermittent clear water seed soaking and intermittent disinfection seed soaking on the seeds for many times until the seeds germinate at broken mouths;
(2) sowing the seeds in a seedling raising field, and raising seedlings for 18-25 days to obtain seedlings;
(3) strengthening the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a field, and turning over, fertilizing and disinfecting the field 10-30 days before transplanting;
(4) and (5) weeding and applying tillering fertilizer to the field block 5-20 days after the transplanting to obtain strong seedlings.
2. The seedling cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the intermittent clear water seed soaking and the intermittent disinfection seed soaking in step (1) are performed in an oxygen-enriched environment, the intermittent clear water seed soaking is to soak the seeds in clear water for 8-10 h, take out the seeds and stand for 2-5 h, and then soak the seeds in clear water for 8-10 h, the intermittent disinfection seed soaking is to soak the seeds in disinfection water for 8-10 h, take out the seeds and stand for 2-5 h, and then soak the seeds in disinfection water for 8-10 h.
3. The seedling raising method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sterilized water has a concentration of 0.15 to 0.2% and contains prochloraz as an ingredient.
4. The seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seedling raising field in step (2) is set in an oxygen-rich environment, the seeds are sowed in a seedling tray of the seedling raising field, and the moisture content of soil in the seedling tray is 40-60%.
5. The seedling raising method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the oxygen-rich environment has an oxygen content of 50 to 80% and an average air flow rate of 1 to 3 m/s.
6. The seedling raising method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the transplanting in the step (3) is divided into:
if the transplanting is wet seedling raising, the seed consumption is 0.75-1 kg/mu, and the seedling cost ratio is 1: 10-15;
if the transplanting is plastic-disc seedling throwing, the seed consumption is 1-1.5 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic disc is about 30-35 g;
if the transplanting is machine transplanting, the seed consumption is 1.25-2.0 kg/mu, and the seed consumption of a single plastic tray is 60-70 g.
7. The seedling raising method as set forth in claim 1, wherein the strong seedlings in the step (3) are classified into:
if the seedlings are one leaf and one heart, spraying 200ppm paclobutrazol;
and if the seedlings have two leaves and one core, shallow water seedling feeding plates are irrigated to the seedlings.
8. The seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization in the step (3) is to apply the straw rotten matter to the field at an application rate of 50-100 kg/mu.
9. The seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sterilization in the step (3) is performed by sterilizing the field with a mixed solution of sodium hypochlorite and sodium bicarbonate, the concentration of the mixed solution is 20-50%, the weight ratio of the sodium hypochlorite to the sodium bicarbonate is 20: 2-5, and the application amount is 10-15 kg/mu.
10. The seedling raising method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tillering fertilizer in step (4) is a mixture of a nitrogen fertilizer and a potassium fertilizer in a weight ratio of 5: 1-3, and the application amount of the tillering fertilizer is 10-20 kg/mu.
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| CN112293193A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-02 | 江西省棉花研究所 | Cultivation method for interplanting cotton and sweet broad beans |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112293193A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-02-02 | 江西省棉花研究所 | Cultivation method for interplanting cotton and sweet broad beans |
| CN112293193B (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2023-08-11 | 江西省棉花研究所 | Cultivation method for interplanting of cotton with netherlands |
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