CN111050718B - 制备弹性体层合物的方法和设备 - Google Patents
制备弹性体层合物的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111050718B CN111050718B CN201880055854.6A CN201880055854A CN111050718B CN 111050718 B CN111050718 B CN 111050718B CN 201880055854 A CN201880055854 A CN 201880055854A CN 111050718 B CN111050718 B CN 111050718B
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Abstract
本公开涉及制备弹性体层合物的方法,该弹性体层合物可用作吸收制品的组件。用于装配弹性体层合物的方法的各方面可利用从可与第一基底和第二基底接合的经束供给的弹性股线,并且可以配置成执行各种类型的操作,诸如粘结和拼接操作。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及用于制造吸收制品的方法,并且更具体地涉及用于制备可用作吸收制品的部件的弹性体层合物的设备和方法。
背景技术
可通过沿着装配线将各部件添加到推进的连续材料纤维网和/或以其它方式改变推进的连续材料纤维网来装配各种类型的制品,诸如例如尿布和其它吸收制品。例如,在一些工艺中,推进的材料纤维网与其它推进的材料纤维网相组合。在其它示例中,由推进的材料纤维网产生的各个部件与推进的材料纤维网相组合,继而与其它推进的材料纤维网相组合。在一些情况下,由推进的一个或多个纤维网产生的各个部件与由其它推进的纤维网产生的其它各个部件相组合。用来制造尿布的材料纤维网和组成部件可包括:底片、顶片、腿箍、腰带、吸收芯部件、前耳片和/或后耳片、紧固部件、以及各种类型的弹性纤维网和诸如腿弹性部件、阻隔腿箍弹性部件、拉伸侧片和腰弹性部件的部件。在将所期望的组成部件装配之后,对推进的纤维网和组成部件进行最终刀切以将纤维网分离成离散的尿布或其它吸收制品。
一些吸收制品具有包括弹性体层合物的部件。此类弹性体层合物可包括粘结到一种或多种非织造物的弹性材料。弹性材料可包括弹性膜和/或弹性股线。在一些层合物中,将多根弹性股线在所述多根股线处于拉伸状态时接合到非织造物,使得当弹性股线松弛时,非织造物在其中非织造物粘结到弹性股线的位置之间聚拢从而形成波纹。所得弹性体层合物可拉伸至所述波纹所允许弹性股线伸长的程度。
在一些装配过程中,拉伸的弹性股线可在纵向方向上推进并且可粘附在两个推进的基底之间,其中拉伸的弹性股线在横向方向上彼此间隔开。一些装配过程也被构造成具有在横向方向上彼此非常紧密地间隔开的若干弹性股线。在一些构型中,弹性股线之间的横向方向上紧密的间距可通过从已在经束上沿横向方向堆叠的卷绕件牵拉弹性股线来实现。例如,各种纺织制造商可利用横梁弹性部件和相关联的处理设备,诸如购自Karl MayerCorporation。
然而,当牵拉堆叠在经束上的弹性股线时,制造工艺可能遇到问题。例如,在经束上提供的相对低分特的弹性股线可包括涂层(有时称为纱线涂饰剂或纺丝涂饰剂),以有助于防止弹性股线彼此粘附,和/或粘附至下游处理设备。当构造吸收制品时,有时使用热熔性粘合剂来将拉伸的弹性股线粘附到推进的基底上,以形成弹性体层合物。然而,当构造吸收制品时用于将拉伸的弹性股线粘附到基底上的热熔性粘合剂可能不能很好地粘附到具有纺丝涂饰剂的股线。因此,可能需要增加量的粘合剂以将拉伸的弹性股线充分粘附到基底上,而不需要没有纺丝涂饰剂的弹性股线。继而,将弹性股线粘结到基底所需的相对较大量的粘合剂可对所得产品的各个方面具有负面影响,例如在成本、功能和美观方面。
为了克服与粘合剂相关的上述问题,一些装配过程可配置成施加热和压力的机械粘结以将拉伸的弹性股线捕获在两个基底之间。此类机械粘结可例如通过在超声变幅杆和砧之间推进基底和弹性股线来产生。然而,来自砧和变幅杆的热和压力也可切断弹性股线。在一些情况下,砧的跳动可在粘结过程中引起超声变幅杆和砧之间的距离的变化。此类距离变化可导致弹性股线在粘结过程中被切断和/或导致相对不一致的粘结品质。可以通过以相对较慢的速度操作来减少与切断弹性股线相关的问题。例如,在相对较慢的推进速度下,在粘结过程中可对弹性股线施加相对较小的压力。此外,超声变幅杆可被构造成在粘结过程中朝向和远离砧移动,以便补偿砧上相对较大的跳动值。然而,一次性吸收制品生产线可在相对较高的速度下操作。因此,在不切断弹性股线的情况下降低高速制造操作中的推进速度以获得所需的粘结品质可能是低效和/或成本高昂的。此外,超声变幅杆可能无法补偿在高速下相对较高的砧跳动值。在一些构型中,凹槽可设置在变幅杆或砧中,以使弹性股线嵌入并保护弹性股线免受压力并防止在整个粘结过程中被切断,例如美国专利6,291,039和欧洲专利公布EP 3 092 997B1中所公开的。然而,将从经束中抽出的数百个弹性股线定位在超声变幅杆和/或砧上的嵌套凹槽中可增加装配过程的复杂性。
因此,有利的是,提供用于在相对较高推进速度下生产弹性体层合物的方法和设备,该方法和设备通过在基底之间机械粘结弹性股线而不切断弹性股线和/或不需要将弹性股线引导到机械粘结装置中的指定嵌套凹槽中。
发明内容
在一个方面,用于制备吸收制品的方法包括以下步骤:围绕在横向上轴向延伸的旋转轴线旋转图案辊,该图案辊包括从旋转轴线径向向外延伸的粘结表面;提供与图案辊相邻的压制表面以在图案辊和压制表面之间限定辊隙;沿纵向方向推进第一基底和第二基底,以至少约100米/分钟的第一速度S1推进通过辊隙;提供卷绕到经束上的弹性股线;旋转经束以使弹性股线从经束退绕;从旋转经束推进弹性股线;拉伸弹性股线;并且在辊隙处将拉伸的弹性股线粘结在第一基底和第二基底之间以形成弹性体层合物。
在另一个方面,用于制备吸收制品的方法包括以下步骤:围绕在横向上轴向延伸的旋转轴线旋转图案辊,该图案辊包括从旋转轴线径向向外延伸的粘结表面;提供包括能量传递表面的超声变幅杆,以在图案辊和能量传递表面之间限定辊隙;沿纵向方向推进第一基底和第二基底,以至少约 100米/分钟的第一速度S1推进通过辊隙;提供卷绕到经束上的弹性股线;旋转经束以使弹性股线从经束退绕;从旋转经束推进弹性股线;拉伸弹性股线;并且在辊隙处将拉伸的弹性股线粘结在第一基底和第二基底之间以形成弹性体层合物。
在又一个方面,用于制备吸收制品的方法包括以下步骤:围绕在横向上轴向延伸的旋转轴线旋转图案辊,该图案辊包括从旋转轴线径向向外延伸的粘结表面;提供包括能量传递表面的超声变幅杆,以在图案辊和能量传递表面之间限定辊隙;沿纵向方向推进第一基底和第二基底,以至少约 100米/分钟的第一速度S1推进通过辊隙;提供卷绕到经束上的弹性股线;旋转经束以使弹性股线从经束退绕;从旋转经束推进弹性股线;拉伸弹性股线;将拉伸的弹性股线定位在第一基底和第二基底之间;并且在辊隙处将第一基底和第二基底焊接在一起以形成弹性体层合物。
附图说明
图1A为尿布裤的前透视图。
图1B为尿布裤的后透视图。
图2为处于平展未收缩状态的图1A和图1B所示的尿布裤在部分切除之后的平面图。
图3A为沿线3A-3A截取的图2的尿布裤的剖视图。
图3B为沿线3B-3B截取的图2的尿布裤的剖视图。
图4示出具有与芯轴芯部的相对端部部分连接的两个侧板的空横梁的示例。
图5为将拉伸的弹性股线接合在第一基底和第二基底之间的转换加工设备的示意性侧视图。
图5A为配置有砧和超声变幅杆的示例性粘结设备的详细视图。
图6为沿线6-6截取的图5的转换加工设备的视图。
图7A为粘结在第一基底和第二基底之间的处于拉伸状态的弹性股线的详细视图。
图7B示出具有第一横截面面积的处于松弛状态的一定长度的弹性股线。
图7C示出具有第二横截面面积的处于拉伸状态的图7B的一定长度的弹性股线,该第二横截面面积小于第一横截面面积。
图7D为粘结在第一基底与第二基底之间的处于松弛状态的弹性股线的详细视图。
图8A为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图。
图8B为沿线8B-8B截取的图7D的未粘结区域中的弹性股线的剖视图,其中弹性股线处于松弛状态。
图8C为沿线8C-8C截取的图7D的粘结区域中的弹性股线的剖视图,其中弹性股线处于松弛状态。
图9A为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图,其中弹性股线的多根长丝以第一构型粘结。
图9B为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图,其中弹性股线的多根长丝以第二构型粘结。
图9C为沿线8A-8A截取的图7A的弹性股线、粘结件、第一基底和第二基底的剖视图,其中弹性股线的多根长丝以第三构型粘结。
图9D为弹性股线的剖视图的扫描电镜(“SEM”)照片,该弹性股线包括在粘结区域中并且由硬化的第一材料和第二材料围绕的五根长丝。
图9E为弹性股线的剖视图的扫描电镜(“SEM”)照片,该弹性股线包括在粘结区域中并且由硬化的第一材料和第二材料围绕的五根长丝。
图9F为弹性股线的剖视图的扫描电镜(“SEM”)照片,该弹性股线包括在粘结区域中并且由硬化的第一材料和第二材料围绕的十五根长丝。
图10为在第一基底与第二基底之间接合弹性股线的转换加工设备的第二构型的示意性侧视图,其中从不同横梁拉出的弹性股线被拉伸以具有不同的伸长。
图11为沿线11-11截取的图10的转换加工设备的视图。
图12为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第三构型的示意性侧视图。
图13为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第四构型的示意性侧视图。
图14为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第五构型的示意性侧视图。
图15为沿线15-15截取的图14的转换加工设备的视图。
图16为沿线16-16截取的图14的转换加工设备的视图。
图17为适于制造弹性体层合物的转换加工设备的第六构型的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下术语解释可帮助理解本公开:
“吸收制品”在本文中是指主要功能为吸收和保留污垢和废物的消费产品。吸收制品可包括卫生巾;棉塞;卫生护垫;阴唇间装置;伤口敷料;擦拭物;一次性尿布,包括胶粘尿布和尿布裤、用于带有可重复使用的外覆盖件的尿布的插入件、成人失禁尿布、成人失禁衬垫、和成人失禁裤。术语“一次性的”在本文中用来描述通常不打算洗涤或者以其它方式复原为或再用作吸收制品的吸收制品(例如,它们旨在在单次使用后丢弃,并且也可被配置成可回收利用、堆肥处理或以与环境相容的其它方式进行弃置)。
“弹性的”、“弹性体”或“弹性体的”是指材料表现出弹性性能,它们包括如下任何材料,在向其松弛的初始长度施加力时该材料能够拉伸或伸长至比其初始长度超出10%的伸长长度,并且在释放所施加的力时将会基本上恢复至大约其初始长度。
如本文所用,术语“接合”包括其中通过将元件直接附连到另一元件而将该元件直接固定到另一元件的构型,以及其中通过将元件附连到中间构件(中间构件继而附连到另一元件)而将所述元件间接固定到另一元件的构型。
术语“基底”在本文中用来描述主要为二维(即在XY平面中)材料,并且其厚度(在Z方向上)与其长度(在X方向上)和宽度(在Y方向上)相比相对较小(即1/10或更小)。基底的非限制性示例包括纤维网、一层或多层纤维材料、非织造布、膜和箔诸如聚合物膜或金属箔。这些材料可单独使用或可包括层压在一起的两个或更多个层。因此,纤维网为基底。
术语“非织造布”在本文中是指通过诸如纺粘法、熔喷法、梳理成网等工艺由连续(长)丝(纤维)和/或不连续(短)丝(纤维)制成的材料。非织造物不具有织造长丝或编织长丝图案。
术语“纵向”(MD)在本文中是指工艺过程中材料流的方向。此外,材料的相对放置和移动还可被描述为沿纵向从工艺上游至工艺下游通过工艺。
术语“横向”(CD)在本文中是指大致垂直于纵向的方向。
术语“胶粘尿布”(也称作“打开式尿布”)是指一次性吸收制品,所述吸收制品在穿用到穿着者身上之前具有未紧固的、未预紧固的或在包装时未彼此连接的初始前腰区和初始后腰区。胶粘尿布可围绕侧向中心线折叠,其中一个腰区的内部以表面对表面方式接触相对腰区的内部,而不将所述腰区紧固或接合在一起。示例性胶粘尿布以各种合适的构型公开于以下美国专利号中:5,167,897、5,360,420、5,599,335、5,643,588、 5,674,216、5,702,551、5,968,025、6,107,537、6,118,041、6,153,209、 6,410,129、6,426,444、6,586,652、6,627,787、6,617,016、6,825,393、和 6,861,571;以及美国专利公布2013/0072887A1、2013/0211356A1和 2013/0306226A1,这些专利均以引用方式并入本文。
术语“裤”(也称为“训练裤”、“预闭合尿布”、“尿布裤”、“裤型尿布”、和“套穿尿布”)在本文中是指被设计成用于婴儿或成人穿着者的具有连续周边腰部开口和连续周边腿部开口的一次性吸收制品。裤可被构造成在穿着者穿上制品之前带有连续或闭合的腰部开口和至少一个连续的闭合腿部开口。裤可用各种技术预成形或预紧固,所述技术包括但不限于使用任何可重复紧固的闭合构件和/或永久性闭合构件(例如缝合、热粘结、压力焊接、粘合剂、胶粘剂粘结、机械紧固件等)将制品的各部分接合在一起。裤可沿制品周围在腰区中的任何位置预成形(例如,侧边紧固的或接缝的、前腰紧固的或接缝的、后腰紧固的或接缝的)。示例性尿布裤以各种构型公开于以下专利中:美国专利4,940,464;5,092,861;5,246,433; 5,569,234;5,897,545;5,957,908;6,120,487;6,120,489;7,569,039以及美国专利公布号2003/0233082A1;2005/0107764A1、2012/0061016A1、 2012/0061015A1;2013/0255861A1;2013/0255862A1;2013/0255863A1; 2013/0255864A1;和2013/0255865A1,这些专利均以引用方式并入本文。
本公开涉及用于制造吸收制品的方法,并且具体地涉及用于制备可用作吸收制品的部件的弹性体层合物的方法。弹性体层合物可包括第一基底、第二基底、以及定位在第一基底与第二基底之间的弹性材料。在制备弹性体层合物的过程中,弹性材料可沿纵向方向被推进并拉伸,并且可与沿纵向方向推进的第一基底和第二基底中的任一者或两者接合。根据本公开的方法和设备可被构造成具有卷绕到横梁上的多根弹性股线,并且其中一根或多根弹性股线可包括纺丝涂饰剂。在弹性体层合物的装配期间,旋转经束以将弹性股线从经束上退绕。弹性股线也可在沿纵向推进时被拉伸。离散的机械粘结件被施加到第一基底和第二基底以在第一基底与第二基底之间固定弹性股线,其中离散的粘结件沿纵向间歇地布置。如下文更详细地论述,当将具有相对低的分特值的弹性股线与基底组合以形成具有一定厚度范围的粘结部时,可施加机械粘结以将弹性股线固定在基底之间而不切断弹性股线并且不需要在机械粘结装置中嵌套凹槽。当利用不需要在线调节或需要相对较小在线调节的机械粘结装置(诸如例如,图案化辊和砧辊和/或具有相对较低跳动值的超声粘结装置)时,可在相对较高的基底推进速度下实现粘结过程。
在粘结过程中,将热和压力施加于第一基底和第二基底上,使得第一基底和第二基底的延展性材料变形以完全围绕离散长度的拉伸弹性股线的外周边。在从第一基底和第二基底去除热量和压力之后,延展性材料硬化以限定与由拉伸的弹性股线的外周边限定的横截面形状相符合的粘结。当弹性股线处于拉伸状态时,拉伸的弹性股线限定比处于松弛状态时的弹性股线的横截面积更小的横截面积。因此,当从弹性股线释放张力时,防止弹性股线的横截面积通过第一基底和第二基底的硬化材料在粘结中膨胀,这继而在弹性股线和硬化材料之间产生力。弹性股线和硬化材料之间的力增加了弹性股线和硬化材料之间的摩擦。因此,通过从拉伸的弹性股线释放张力,可在弹性股线和粘结区域中的硬化材料之间产生摩擦锁定。摩擦锁定将离散长度的弹性股线保持在具有第一基底和第二基底的粘结区域中的固定位置中。
为了帮助为对过程实施例的后续讨论提供另外的上下文,下文提供了对呈尿布形式的吸收制品的一般描述,所述尿布包括具有弹性体层合物的部件,所述弹性体层合物可用本文所公开的方法和设备生产。
图1A、图1B和图2示出了呈尿布裤100P形式的吸收性物品100的实例,其可包括由根据本文公开的设备和方法组装的弹性体层合物构成的组件。具体地,图1A和图1B示出了处于预紧固构型的尿布裤100P的透视图,并且图2示出了尿布裤100P的平面图,所述尿布裤带有背对穿着者的尿布部分,穿着者面朝观察者进行取向。尿布裤100P包括基础结构102和环状弹性带104。如下文所更详述,第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108 粘结在一起以形成环状弹性带104。
继续参照图2,尿布裤100P和基础结构102各自包括第一腰区116、第二腰区118、以及设置在第一腰区和第二腰区之间的裆区119。第一腰区 116可构造为前腰区,并且第二腰区118可构造为后腰区。尿布100P还可包括在前腰区116中的侧向延伸的前腰边缘121和在后腰区118中的纵向相对且侧向延伸的后腰边缘122。为了为本讨论提供参照系,图2示出了具有纵向轴线124和侧向轴线126的尿布100P和基础结构102。在一些实施方案中,纵向轴线124可延伸穿过前腰边缘121并且穿过后腰边缘 122。并且横向轴线126可延伸穿过第一纵向或右侧边缘128并且穿过基础结构102的第二纵向或左侧边缘130的中点。
如图1A、图1B和图2所示,尿布裤100P可包括内部和外部,所述内部为面向身体的表面132,所述外部为面向衣服的表面134。基础结构 102可包括底片136和顶片138。基础结构102也可包括具有吸收芯142的吸收组件140,所述吸收芯设置在顶片138的一部分和底片136之间。如下文所更详述,尿布100P也可包括其他结构,诸如腿弹性部件和/或腿箍以增强围绕穿着者腿部的贴合性。
如图2所示,基础结构102的周边可由以下部分限定:第一纵向侧边 128、第二纵向侧边130、设置在第一腰区116中第一侧向延伸的端边144、以及设置在第二腰区118中第二侧向延伸的端边146。侧边128和 130两者均在第一端边144和第二端边146之间纵向延伸。如图2所示,侧向延伸的端边144和146位于前腰区116中的侧向延伸的前腰边缘121 以及后腰区118中的侧向延伸的后腰边缘122的纵向内侧。当尿布裤100P 被穿着在穿着者的下体上时,前腰边缘121和后腰边缘122可环绕穿着者的腰部的一部分。同时,侧边缘128和130可环绕穿着者的腿部的至少一部分。并且裆区119一般可被定位在穿着者的两腿之间,其中吸收芯142 从前腰区116穿过裆区119延伸至后腰区118。
如先前所提及的,尿布裤100P可包括底片136。底片136也可限定基础结构102的外表面134。底片136也可包括织造或非织造材料、聚合物膜诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性膜、和/或包括膜和非织造材料的多层或复合材料。底片也可包括弹性体膜。示例性底片136可为具有约0.012mm (0.5密尔)至约0.051mm(2.0密尔)厚度的聚乙烯膜。此外,底片136 还可允许蒸气从吸收芯中逸出(即,底片为可透气的),同时仍然防止流出物穿透底片136。
同样如上所述,尿布裤100P可包括顶片138。顶片138也可限定基础结构102的内表面132的全部或一部分。此外,顶片138可为液体可渗透的,从而允许液体(例如,经液、尿液和/或稀便)穿透其厚度。顶片138 可由各种材料制造,诸如织造材料和非织造材料;开孔或液压成形的热塑性膜;开孔非织造材料,多孔泡沫;网状泡沫;网状热塑性膜;和热塑性稀松布。织造材料和非织造材料可包括天然纤维诸如木纤维或棉纤维;合成纤维诸如聚酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维或聚乙烯纤维;或它们的组合。如果顶片138包括纤维,则所述纤维可由纺粘、梳理成网、湿法成网、熔喷、水刺或本领域已知的其它方法来处理。顶片138可选自高蓬松非织造物顶片、开孔膜顶片和开孔非织造物顶片。示例性开孔膜可包括在以下专利中描述的那些:美国专利5,628,097、5,916,661、6,545,197和6,107,539中。
如上所述,尿布裤100P也可包括接合到基础结构102的吸收组件 140。如图2所示,吸收组件140在前腰区116中可具有侧向延伸的前边缘 148,并且在后腰区118中可具有纵向相对且侧向延伸的后边缘150。吸收组件可具有纵向延伸的右侧边缘152,并且可具有侧向相对且纵向延伸的左侧边缘154,这两个吸收组件侧边缘152和154可在前边缘148与后边缘 150之间纵向延伸。吸收组件140可另外包括一个或多个吸收芯142或吸收芯层。吸收芯142可至少部分地设置在顶片138与底片136之间,并且可按与尿布相容的各种尺寸和形状来形成。用作本公开的吸收芯的示例性吸收结构描述于美国专利4,610,678、4,673,402、4,888,231和4,834,735中。
一些吸收芯实施方案可包括流体储存芯,该流体储存芯包含减小量的纤维素透气毡材料。例如,此类芯可包含小于约40%、30%、20%、10%、 5%或甚至1%的纤维素透气毡材料。此类芯可主要包含含量为至少约 60%、70%、80%、85%、90%、95%或甚至约100%的吸收胶凝材料,其中芯的其余部分包含微纤维胶(如果适用的话)。此类芯、微纤维胶和吸收胶凝材料描述于以下专利中:美国专利5,599,335、5,562,646、5,669,894和 6,790,798以及美国专利公布2004/0158212A1和2004/0097895A1。
如前所述,尿布100P也可包括弹性化腿箍156。应当理解,腿箍156 可为且有时候也称为腿围、侧翼、阻隔箍、弹性箍或衬圈箍。弹性化腿箍 156可按各种方式来构造以帮助减少身体流出物在腿区中的渗漏。示例性腿箍156可包括描述于以下专利中的那些:美国专利3,860,003、4,909,803、 4,695,278、4,795,454、4,704,115、4,909,803、和美国专利公布2009/0312730A1。
如上所述,尿布裤可被制造成带有环状弹性带104,并且在应用到穿着者之前以如包装时那样的其中前腰区116和后腰区118彼此连接的构型提供给消费者。因此,尿布裤可具有连续周边腰部开口110和连续周边腿部开口112,诸如图1A和图1B所示。环状弹性带可通过用永久性侧接缝或用可打开且可重新闭合的紧固系统将第一弹性带接合到第二弹性带来形成,所述紧固系统设置在或邻近所述带的侧向相对侧。
如先前所提及的,环状弹性带104可由与第二弹性带108连接的第一弹性带106限定。如图2所示,第一弹性带106在第一纵向侧边缘111a和第二纵向侧边缘111b之间延伸,并且限定相对的第一端区和第二端区106a,106b以及中心区106c。并且第二弹性带108在第一纵向侧边缘113a 和第二纵向侧边缘113b之间延伸,并且限定相对的第一端区和第二端区108a,108b以及中心区108c。第一纵向侧边缘111a和第二纵向侧边缘111b 之间的距离限定第一弹性带106的节线长度PL,并且第一纵向侧边缘 113a和第二纵向侧边缘113b之间的距离限定第二弹性带108的节线长度 PL。第一弹性带的中心区106c与基础结构102的第一腰区116连接,并且第二弹性带108的中心区108c与基础结构102的第二腰区118连接。如图 1A和图1B所示,第一弹性带106的第一端区106a与第二弹性带108的第一端区108a在第一侧接缝178处连接,并且第一弹性带106的第二端区 106b与第二弹性带108的第二端区108b在第二侧接缝180处连接,以限定环状弹性带104以及腰部开口110和腿部开口112。
如图2、图3A和图3B所示,第一弹性带106也限定外侧向延伸边缘 107a和内侧向延伸边缘107b,并且第二弹性带108限定外侧向延伸边缘 109a和内侧向延伸边缘109b。因此,一个腿部开口的周边边缘112a可由第一弹性带106的内侧向延伸的边缘107b的部分、第二弹性带108的内侧向延伸的边缘109b的部分、和基础结构102的第一纵向或右侧边缘128的部分限定。并且另一个腿部开口的周边边缘112b可由内侧向延伸的边缘107b的部分、内侧向延伸的边缘109b的部分、和基础结构102的第二纵向或左侧边缘130的部分限定。外侧向延伸的边缘107a,109a也可限定尿布裤100P的前腰边缘121和侧向延伸的后腰边缘122。第一弹性带和第二弹性带也可各自包括面向衣服的外层162和面向穿着者的内层164。应当理解,第一弹性带 106和第二弹性带108可包含相同的材料和/或可具有相同的结构。在一些实施方案中,第一弹性带106和第二弹性带可包含不同的材料和/或可具有不同的结构。应当理解,第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108可由各种材料构造。例如,第一带和第二带可由下列材料制造:诸如塑料膜;开孔塑料膜;以下纤维的织造或非织造纤维网:天然材料(例如,木纤维或棉纤维)、合成纤维(例如,聚烯烃、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚乙烯、或聚丙烯纤维)、或天然纤维和/或合成纤维的组合;或涂覆的织造或非织造纤维网。在一些实施方案中,第一弹性带和第二弹性带包括合成纤维的非织造纤维网,并且可包括可拉伸的非织造材料。在其它实施方案中,第一弹性带和第二弹性带包括内疏水的、不可拉伸的非织造材料和外疏水的、不可拉伸的非织造材料。
第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108也可各自包括插置在外基底层162 和内基底层164之间的带弹性材料。带弹性材料可包括一种或多种弹性元件,诸如沿弹性带的长度延伸的股线、带状物、膜、或片。如图2、图3A 和图3B所示,带弹性材料可包括多根弹性股线168,它们在本文中可称作外腰弹性部件170和内腰弹性部件172。弹性股线168诸如外腰弹性部件 170可在第一弹性带106的第一相对端区106a和第二相对端区106b之间且在第二弹性带108的第一相对端区108a和第二相对端区108a之间连续地侧向延伸。在一些实施方案中,一些弹性股线168诸如内腰弹性股线172 可被构造成在某些区域中诸如例如在第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108与吸收组件140重叠之处不连续。在一些实施方案中,可沿纵向以恒定间隔设置弹性股线168。在其它实施方案中,可沿纵向以不同间隔设置弹性股线168。处于拉伸状态中的带弹性材料可被插置和接合在未收缩的外层和未收缩的内层之间。当带弹性材料被松弛时,带弹性材料回到未拉伸状态并使外层和内层收缩。带弹性材料可在环状弹性带的区域中提供期望的变化的收缩力。应当理解,可按不同于如图2所示的方式的方式来构造基础结构102和弹性带106、108。带弹性材料可连续地或间歇地沿带弹性材料与内带层和/或外带层之间的接合部接合到外层和/或内层。
在一些构型中,第一弹性带106和/或第二弹性带108可限定弯曲轮廓。例如,第一弹性带106和/或第二弹性带108的内侧向边缘107b,109b 可在相对的第一端区和第二端区中包括非线性部分或弯曲部分。此类弯曲轮廓可帮助对腿部开口112限定所期望的形状,例如,相对倒圆的腿部开口。除了具有弯曲轮廓之外,弹性带106、108还可包括沿非线性路径或弯曲路径延伸的弹性股线168、172,所述路径可对应于内侧向边缘107b、 109b的弯曲轮廓。
应当理解,本文所述和附图中所示的弹性体层合物和吸收性制品的装配设备和方法是非限制性的示例性构型。结合一个非限制性构造所示或所述的特征可与其它非限制性构造的特征组合。此类修改和变型旨在被包括在本公开的范围内。
如前所述,根据本公开的设备和方法可用于生产弹性体层合物,该弹性体层合物可用于构造尿布的各种组件,诸如弹性带、腿箍等。例如,图 4-17示出了适于制造弹性体层合物302的转换加工设备300的示意图。如下文更详细描述,图4-17所示的转换加工设备300操作成沿纵向方向MD 推进连续长度的弹性材料304、连续长度的第一基底306和连续长度的第二基底308。还应当理解,在一些构型中,本文的第一基底306和第二基底308可由两个离散的基底限定,或者可由单个基底的折叠部分限定。设备300拉伸弹性材料304并且将拉伸的弹性材料304与第一基底306和第二基底308接合以产生弹性体层合物302。虽然示出的是弹性材料304并在本文中称作股线,但应当理解,弹性材料304可包括一个或多个连续长度的弹性股线、带状物、和/或膜。
应当理解,弹性体层合物302可用来构造各种类型的吸收制品组件。还应当理解,本文的方法和设备可适于与各种类型的吸收制品装配工艺一起操作,诸如例如美国专利公布2013/0255861A1;2013/0255862A1; 2013/0255863A1;2013/0255864A1;和2013/0255865A1。例如,弹性体层合物302可用作如下连续长度的弹性体带材料,其可被转换加工成上文参考图1-3B所讨论的第一弹性带106和第二弹性带108。因此,弹性材料 304可对应于插置在外层162与内层164之间的带弹性材料168,所述外层和内层继而可对应于第一基底306和/或第二基底308。在其他示例中,弹性体层合物可用来构造胶粘尿布构型中的腰带和/或侧片。在其它实例中,弹性体层合物可用来构造各种类型的腿箍和/或顶片构型。
如下文所更详述,转换加工设备300可包括沿工艺纵向方向MD布置的计量装置,其中该计量装置可被构造成拉伸推进的弹性材料和/或接合拉伸的弹性材料与一个或多个推进的基底。在一些构型中,计量装置可包括卷绕在其上的弹性股线的经束。在操作期间,弹性材料可在纵向方向上从旋转经束推进到下游计量装置,以与一个或多个推进的基底接合。将粘结施加到第一基底和第二基底上,以将离散长度的拉伸弹性股线固定在第一基底和第二基底之间。离散粘结可沿纵向方向间歇地布置。在一些构型中,粘结在纵向方向上延伸,并且可在横向方向上横跨一个或多个弹性股线延伸。在一些构型中,粘结可在横向方向上彼此分离。应当理解,本文所述和附图中所示的弹性体层合物和吸收性制品的装配设备和方法是非限制性的示例性构型。结合一个非限制性构造所示或所述的特征可与其它非限制性构造的特征组合。此类修改和变型旨在被包括在本公开的范围内。
如图5和图6所示,用于生产弹性体层合物302的转换加工设备300可包括第一计量装置310和第二计量装置312。第一计量装置310可构造成经束314,在经束314上卷绕有多个弹性股线316。图4示出了空经束314的示例,空经束314包括两个侧板317a,317b,所述两个侧板317a,317b可与心轴芯318的相对的端部连接,其中弹性股线可卷绕到心轴芯318上。应当理解,可根据本文的方法和设备来利用各种尺寸和技术规格的横梁,诸如像购自ALUCOLOR Textilmaschinen,GmbH的横梁。在操作期间,多个弹性股线316在纵向方向MD上从经束314推进到第二计量装置312。此外,多个弹性股线316可在经束314和第二计量装置312之间沿纵向方向MD拉伸。拉伸的弹性股线316也在第二计量装置312处与第一基底306和第二基底308接合,以产生弹性体层合物302。在一些构型中,从经束316推进的弹性股线314中的一个或多个弹性股线也可包括位于弹性股线的外表面上的纺丝涂饰剂320。继而,拉伸的弹性股线316可利用粘结部322连接在第一基底306和第二基底308之间。粘结部322可被构造成施加于第一基底306 和第二基底308以固定弹性股线316的离散机械粘结部322。离散粘结部 322可沿纵向方向间歇地布置。在一些构型中,粘结部322在纵向方向MD 上延伸,并且可在横向方向CD上横跨一个或多个弹性股线316延伸。在一些构型中,离散粘结部322也可在横向方向CD上彼此分离。
如图5和图6所示,第二计量装置312可包括:第一辊324,其具有外圆周表面326并且围绕第一旋转轴线328旋转;以及第二辊330,其具有外圆周表面332并且围绕第二旋转轴线334旋转。第一辊324和第二辊 330在相反方向上旋转,并且第一辊324与第二辊330相邻以在第一辊324 与第二辊330之间限定辊隙336。第一辊324旋转使得外圆周表面326具有表面速度S1,并且第二辊330可以旋转使得外圆周表面332具有相同或基本相同的表面速度S1。
继续参见图5和图6,第一基底306包括第一表面338和相对的第二表面340,并且第一基底306推进到第一辊324。具体地,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326并且推进通过辊隙336。这样,第一基底306的第一表面338 在与第一辊324的外圆周表面326相同的方向上行进并与该外圆周表面接触。另外,第二基底308包括第一表面342和相对的第二表面344,并且第二基底308推进到第二辊330。具体地,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第二辊330,其中第二基底308部分地缠绕第二辊330的外圆周表面332 并且推进通过辊隙336。因此,第二基底308的第二表面344在与第二辊 330的外圆周表面332相同的方向上行进并与该外圆周表面接触。
仍然参见图5和图6,经束314包括卷绕在其上的弹性股线316,并且经束314可绕经束旋转轴线346旋转。在一些构型中,经束旋转轴线346 可在横向方向CD上延伸。随着经束314旋转,弹性股线316以速度S2从经束314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向方向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316从经束314沿纵向方向MD推进到辊隙336。在一些构型中,速度 S2小于速度S1,因此,弹性股线316沿纵向方向MD拉伸。继而,拉伸的弹性股线316推进通过第一基底306和第二基底308之间的辊隙336,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342接合,以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。
应当理解, 经束 314可以各种方式构造并且具有各种数量的弹性股线。可与本文的设备和方法一起使用的示例性横梁(也被称为经轴)公开于美国专利号4,525,905;5,060,881和5,775,380;和美国专利公布号 2004/0219854A1。尽管图6示出了从经束314推进的五根弹性股线316,但是应当理解,本文的设备可被构造成使得多于或少于五根弹性股线316 从经束314推进。在一些构型中,从经束314推进的弹性股线316可包括约100至约2000股线,具体地列出了在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1股线增量。在一些构型中,弹性股线316可在横向方向上彼此间隔开约0.4mm至约4mm,具体地列出了在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有0.1mm增量。如本文所述,所述多个弹性股线中的弹性部件可在将弹性股线接合到第一基底层306或第二基底层308 之前进行预应变。在一些构型中,弹性部件可预应变为约75%至约 300%,具体地列出了在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有 1%增量。还应当理解,一个或多个弹性部件经束可在转换加工过程的各种不同部分中沿转换加工过程的横向方向CD布置和/或沿纵向方向MD布置。还应当理解,经束314可与一个或多个马达诸如伺服马达连接,以驱动和控制经束314的旋转。应当理解,在一些构型中,弹性股线316可在拉伸状态下供给于经束314上,并且因此,在与第一基底306和/或第二基底308组合之前,可以不需要额外的拉伸(或可需要相对较少的额外拉伸)。在一些构型中,弹性股线316可以利用滚动退绕部件而从单个辊中拉出,该滚动退绕部件例如可从Overend Technologies,Inc获得。
继续参见图5和图6,推进的弹性股线316可与第一基底306和第二基底308接合以形成弹性体层合物302。弹性体层合物302也可推进经过粘结施用装置500,该粘结施用装置被构造成施加将弹性股线316固定在第一基底306和第二基底308之间的粘结部322。从经束314推进的弹性股线316中的一个或多个弹性股线可包括纺丝涂饰剂320。因此,粘结部 322可被构造成将弹性股线316固定在第一基底306和第二基底308之间,而不必从弹性股线316去除纺丝涂饰剂320。还应当理解,本文的方法和设备还可构造成从弹性股线316去除纺丝涂饰剂320。纺丝涂饰剂移除方法和设备的示例公开于美国临时专利申请62/483,965中,该专利申请以引用方式并入本文。纺丝涂饰剂去除设备可被构造成将洗涤剂施加到推进的弹性股线,并且还可擦拭和/或干燥推进的弹性股线。然后可将经处理的拉伸弹性股线连接在第一基底和第二基底之间。此外,本文所述的弹性体层合物302可构造成在第一基底306和第二基底308之间具有或不具有粘合剂。此外,应当理解,本文的粘结方法和设备可与诸如于2017年9月 1日提交的美国专利申请62/553,149中所公开的其他粘结方法和设备结合使用,所述专利申请以引用方式并入本文。
应当理解,一根或多根弹性股线316可包含各种类型的纺丝涂饰剂320 (本文中也称为纱线涂饰剂),纺丝涂饰剂320被构造为弹性股线316上的涂层,并且可旨在有助于防止弹性股线粘合至自身、彼此粘合和/或粘合至下游处理设备。在一些构型中,纺丝涂饰剂可包括各种类型的油和其他组分,诸如例如美国专利8,377,554;8,093,161;和6,821,301中所公开的。在一些构型中,纺丝涂饰剂可包括各种类型的硅油,诸如例如聚二甲基硅氧烷。在一些构型中,纺丝涂饰剂可包括各种类型的矿物油。应当理解,可根据其中可使用弹性股线的工艺构型来优化施加到弹性股线的纺丝涂饰剂的量。例如,在其中弹性股线具有有限接触或不接触下游处理设备(诸如惰轮)的工艺构型中,可选择纺丝涂饰剂的量以帮助防止弹性股线在卷绕在横梁上时粘附到自身和/或彼此粘附,而不考虑弹性股线是否将粘附到下游处理设备。因此,应当理解,本文的弹性股线可包括可以各种方式表达的各种量的纺丝涂饰剂。例如,每1千克弹性股线的10克纺丝涂饰剂的量可表示为1%的纺丝涂饰剂。在一些构型中,弹性股线可包括约0.1%的纺丝涂饰剂。在一些构型中,股线可包括约0.01%至约10%的纺丝涂饰剂,具体地列出了在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有0.01%增量
如图6所示,粘结部322可沿纵向方向MD延伸离散长度,并且可沿弹性体层合物302的纵向方向间歇地布置。因此,弹性股线316可在纵向方向MD上在间歇间隔开的粘结区360和未粘结区362之间延伸。应当理解,粘结部322可在横向方向CD上连续延伸各种长度,并且可延伸越过一根或多根弹性股线316。粘结部322也可在横向方向CD上彼此分离,诸如例如图11所示。
图7A和图8A为在第一基底306和第二基底308之间用粘结部322固定的处于拉伸状态的弹性股线316的详细视图。在粘结过程中,粘结施用装置 500可将热量和压力施加于第一基底306的第一区域350和第二基底308的第二区域352,使得第一基底306的第一材料354和第二基底308的第二材料356变得具有延展性。继而,可延展的第一材料354和第二材料356在粘结区域360中变形并完全围绕拉伸的离散长度的弹性股线316的外周边 358。当弹性体层合物302从粘结施用装置500推进时,热量和压力从第一基底306的第一区域350和第二基底308的第二区域352移除,并且因此,可延展的第一材料354和第二材料356在粘结部322中硬化,该粘结部与由拉伸的弹性股线316的外周边358限定的横截面形状一致。在一些构型中,外部热源可用于产生粘结过程中所用的热量,诸如利用加热的砧。还应当理解,热量可仅通过粘结过程产生,例如由超声变幅杆振动产生的热或由熔焊工艺产生的热,其中不需要外部热源。在一些构型中,用于粘结过程中的工具也可被冷却以有助于以所需水平提供和/或控制工艺温度。
应当理解,粘结施用装置500可以各种方式构造,诸如例如加热或未加热的图案化辊和砧辊和/或超声粘结装置。例如,图5和图5A中示意性示出的粘结施用装置500可包括被构造为图案辊502和与图案辊502相邻的压制表面504的砧。图案辊502可适于围绕在横向方向CD上轴向延伸的旋转轴线506旋转。在操作期间,弹性体层合物302可部分地缠绕到图案辊502上。并且图案辊502围绕旋转轴线506旋转,以将弹性体层合物 302推进穿过图案辊502和压制表面504之间的辊隙508。如图5所示,粘结施用装置500还可包括一个或多个辊503,该一个或多个辊503有助于将弹性体层合物引导到图案辊502以及从图案辊502引导。图案辊502还可包括一个或多个粘结表面510(在本文也称为图案表面),所述一个或多个粘结表面510由从外圆周表面514径向向外延伸的一个或多个粘结元件512(在本文也称为图案元件)限定。随着弹性体层合物302在粘结表面510和压制表面504之间推进,第一基底306和第二基底308被焊接在一起,以在第一基底306和第二基底308之间产生粘结部322。
在装配操作期间,弹性体层合物302可部分地缠绕到图案辊502上。如图5所示,弹性体层合物302绕图案辊502缠绕的程度在本文中称为缠绕角θ,并且可以以度为单位表示。在一些构型中,缠绕角θ可大于零度并且小于或等于180度,具体地列出了在上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1度增量。在一些构型中,缠绕角θ可大于180度。
应当理解,在本文所公开的装配操作期间,当弹性股线316从经束 314推进时,可产生各种操作异常。例如,在装配操作期间可发生断裂,其中一个或多个弹性股线316在弹性体层合物302的装配期间从经束314 推进时意外断裂。本文的方法和设备可被构造成有助于分离断裂的弹性股线和将断裂的弹性股线重新穿线。例如,如上文参照图5所论述,在推进通过辊隙508之前,弹性体层合物302可部分地缠绕到图案辊502上,成部分缠绕角θ1。因此,可在辊隙508处意外断裂的弹性股线316可开始从辊隙往上游回缩。然而,在相对较高的推进速度S1下,断裂的弹性股线回缩的时间较短。因此,断裂的弹性股线可被向前牵拉,同时夹置在以大于回缩速率的速度推进通过辊隙508的第一基底306和第二基底308之间。继而,断裂的弹性股线316可被自动地重新穿线。有助于减少弹性回缩的控制参数为部分缠绕角θ1和纤维网张力的大小。
应当理解,压制表面504可用各种方式来构造。例如,如图5和图5A 所示,压制表面504可包括超声粘结装置518的能量传递表面。因此,粘结施用装置500可包括变幅杆520并且可构造成将超声能量赋予图案辊 502上的组合的基底306、308和弹性股线316。超声粘结装置518可向变幅杆520施加能量以在频率和振幅下产生变幅杆520的共振,使得变幅杆在大致垂直于基底306、308的方向上快速振动,并且弹性股线316推进通过图案辊502上的变幅杆520。变幅杆520的振动通过产生热来熔融基底306、308并将基底306、308一起粘结在由图案辊502上的粘结表面510 支撑的区域中,从而产生粘结部322和/或粘结区域360。因此,粘结部 322和/或粘结区域360可具有与粘结表面510的形状对应并可镜像该形状的形状。如图5A所示,图案表面510可跨定位在第一基底306与第二基底308之间的一根或多根弹性股线316连续延伸。
应当理解,一些或所有图案表面510和/或图案元件512的数目、尺寸和形状可不相同。在一些构型中,每个图案元件512的图案表面510的形状和尺寸可彼此相同或基本上相同。在一些构型中,图案元件512和/或图案表面510可具有限定圆形、正方形、矩形、椭圆形和各种类型的其他形状的周边。在一些构型中,砧502可包括具有图案表面510的图案元件512,该图案表面限定连续的交叉线图案和/或各种其他形状,诸如美国专利9,265,672中所公开的,该专利以引用方式并入本文。应当理解,图案表面形状的选择可使得能够产生独特的纹理和图案,其中粘结部位的位置和尺寸影响非织造层合物的局部抗翘曲性并且可在弹性部件和所得非织造褶皱松弛时产生所需的均匀纹理。还应当理解,图案元件512包括具有倒角或径向的弯曲边缘的图案表面。
一些粘结施用装置可被构造成在压制表面504和图案表面510之间保持相对恒定的距离。例如,一些超声粘结装置518可被构造成朝向和远离图案表面520移动变幅杆520,以有助于在它们之间保持相对恒定的距离。为了有助于保持相对一致的粘结品质而不切割弹性股线316,此类变幅杆520必须来回移动的速度随着基底306、308和弹性股线316推进通过辊隙508的速度而增大。具有相对较小跳动值的图案辊502可有助于减少对此类增大的变幅杆520移动速度的要求。因此,应当理解,图案辊502 可被构造成具有在横向CD上延伸各种长度并包括各种总跳动值的图案表面510。例如,在一些构型中,图案辊502可包括在横向上延伸至少约 100mm的长度的图案表面510。在一些构型中,图案辊502可包括图案表面510,该图案表面包括在约0μm(“微米”)至约10μm范围内的总跳动值,具体地列举上述范围和其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1μm增量。术语“总跳动”在本文中是指如ASMEY14.5-2009中定义的总跳动。
应当理解,超声粘结装置518的各方面可以以各种方式配置,例如线性或旋转型配置,并且例如公开于美国专利3,113,225;3,562,041;3,733,238;5,110,403;6,036,796;6,508,641;和6,645,330中。在一些构型中,超声粘结装置518可被配置为线性振荡型超声焊极,例如,购自 Herrmann Ultrasonic,Inc.。在一些构型中,超声焊极可包括沿横向方向CD嵌套在一起的多个超声焊极。粘结施用装置500还可以各种其他方式构造,诸如例如,下述专利中公开的机械粘结装置和方法:美国专利 4,854,984;6,248,195;8,778,127;和9,005,392中;以及美国专利公布 2014/0377513A1;和2014/0377506A1。虽然粘结施用装置500在图5和图6中示出为定位于第二计量装置312下游的单独装置,但应当理解,第二计量装置312也可被构造成粘结施用装置500。因此,第一基底306、第二基底308和弹性股线316可以在粘结施用装置500处组合并粘结在一起,以形成弹性体层合物302。
应当理解,组合的第一基底306、第二基底308和弹性股线316在整个粘结过程中可以各种速度S1推进。例如,在一些构型中,组合的第一基底306、第二基底308和弹性股线316可在纵向MD上推进,通过图案辊 502和压制表面504之间的辊隙508,推进速度在约100米/分钟至约450 米/分钟的范围内,具体地列举上述范围和其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1米/分钟增量。
如前所述,通过从拉伸的弹性股线316释放张力,可以在弹性股线 316的一部分与硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356之间施加摩擦锁定。摩擦锁定用于将弹性股线316保持和/或固定在粘结区域360中的固定位置中。出于一般解释的目的,图7B示出处于未拉伸或松弛状态的一定长度的弹性股线316,其中弹性股线316限定第一横截面面积A1。并且图7C示出处于拉伸状态的图7B的一定长度的弹性股线316,其中弹性股线316 限定小于第一横截面面积A1的第二横截面面积A2。因此,当从弹性股线 316部分或完全释放张力时,拉伸的弹性股线316的横截面积膨胀。如下文所更详述,弹性股线316的横截面积扩展的趋势有助于产生摩擦锁定。
接下来转向图7D,提供诸如图7A所示的弹性股线316的详细视图,其中在弹性股线316上已释放(或减小)张力,并且示出弹性股线316膨胀的趋势如何在粘结区域360中产生摩擦锁定。图7D和图8B示出弹性股线316在弹性层合物302的未粘结区域362中具有第一横截面面积A1,其中第一横截面面积A1大于图7A和图8A所示的拉伸的弹性股线316的第二横截面面积A2。并且图7D和图8C示出弹性股线316在弹性层合物302 的粘结区域360中具有第三横截面面积A3,其中第三横截面面积A3与图 7A和图8A所示的拉伸的弹性股线316的第二横截面面积A2相同或大致相同。如图8C所示,粘结区域360中的硬化的第一材料354和第二材料 356帮助防止在弹性股线316上的张力已经减小时弹性股线316的横截面面积膨胀。弹性股线316膨胀的趋势产生在粘结区域360中的硬化的第一材料354与第二材料356之间施加的力F(由图8C中的虚线双箭头线表示)。继而,弹性股线316与硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356之间的力F通过增加弹性股线316和硬化材料354、356之间的摩擦力而产生摩擦锁定。在纵向方向MD上沿着粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的长度增加的摩擦力将离散长度的弹性股线316与第一基底306和第二基底308一起保持在粘结区域360中的固定位置中。因此,在一些构型中,可以不在弹性股线316和硬化材料354、356之间施加和/或存在粘合剂。还应当理解,在一些构型中,粘合剂可施加于和/或存在于弹性股线316和硬化材料 354、356之间,以有助于摩擦锁定将离散长度的弹性股线316与第一基底 306和第二基底308保持在粘结区域360中的固定位置中。在一些构型中,粘合剂和粘结区域360中的摩擦锁定可以共享由弹性股线316施加的载荷。在一些构型中,位于弹性股线316上的粘合剂可以增加弹性股线 316与粘结区域360中的硬化材料354、356之间的摩擦系数。应当理解,粘结区域360中可存在各种量的粘合剂,诸如例如约10gsm或更小。
还应当理解,根据本文所述的方法粘结的弹性股线316也可以由一根或多根长丝364构成。例如,图9A示出了粘结区域360中的弹性股线316 的横截面视图,其中弹性股线316包括多根单独的长丝364。如图9A所示,弹性股线316包括围绕内长丝364b的外长丝364a。外长丝364a限定弹性股线316的外周边358,并且外长丝364a可围绕内长丝364b,使得内长丝364b不与粘结件322中的硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356 接触。应当理解,长丝364可以布置在粘结区域360内的各个位置中。例如,图9B示出了粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的横截面视图,其中多根单独的长丝364一起限定沿着横向方向CD伸长的周边358,并且其中所有多根长丝364都与硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356相接触。在另一个示例中,图9C示出粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的剖视图,其中长丝364中的至少两根通过硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356中的至少一种彼此分离。
应当理解,不同的部件可用于构造根据本文的方法和设备的弹性体层合物302。例如,第一基底306和/或第二基底308可包括非织造布和/或膜并且可由以下各种类型的材料构造:诸如塑料膜;开孔塑料膜;以下材料的织造纤维网或非织造纤维网:天然材料,诸如,木纤维或棉纤维;合成纤维,诸如,聚烯烃纤维、聚酰胺纤维、聚酯纤维、聚乙烯纤维、或聚丙烯纤维;或天然纤维和/或合成纤维的组合;或涂覆的织造或非织造纤维网;聚合物膜,诸如聚乙烯或聚丙烯的热塑性膜、和/或包括膜和非织造材料的多层或复合材料。在一些构型中,第一基底306和/或第二基底308可包括被构造成具有至少约10gsm的基重值的非织造物,并且可包括被构造成具有在约10gsm至约30gsm范围内(具体地列举上述范围和其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1gsm增量)的基重值的非织造物。
还应当理解,本文的股线316和/或长丝364可限定各种不同的横截面形状。例如,在一些构型中,股线316或长丝364可限定圆形、卵形或椭圆形横截面形状或不规则形状,诸如狗骨头和沙漏形状。另外,弹性股线 316可以各种方式构造并具有各种分特值。在一些构型中,弹性股线316 可被构造成具有在约40分特至约150分特范围内的分特值,并且可被构造成具有在约10分特至约500分特范围内的分特值,具体地列举上述范围以及其中或由此形成的所有范围内的所有1分特增量。
如先前所提及,具有位于其间的弹性股线316的基底306、308可根据本文的方法粘结,而不会切断弹性股线,并且不需要在粘结施用装置500中嵌套凹槽。例如,如图8C和图9A至图9C所示,热和压力可被施加到基底 306、308以产生围绕弹性股线316的粘结件322。粘结部322由硬化的第一材料354和硬化的第二材料356限定,并具有最小厚度Tb。此外,弹性股线316可在粘结区域360中具有厚度Te。在一些构型中,基底306、308结合在一起以产生相对于弹性股线厚度Te具有一定尺寸的粘结厚度Tb,弹性股线316在粘结过程中可以不被切断。此外,可防止在弹性股线316与粘结区域360中的硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356之间施加的力F破坏粘结部322。Te和Tb之间的这种关系可通过弹性股线316的分特和粘结厚度Tb 来表征。例如,基底306、308可与定位于其间的具有小于或等于约70的分特值的弹性股线粘结在一起,以产生厚度Tb为至少约100μm(“微米”) 而不切断弹性股线316的粘结部322。在另一个示例中,基底306、308可与定位于其间的具有小于或等于约250的分特值的弹性股线粘结在一起,以产生厚度Tb为至少约200μm(“微米”)而不切断弹性股线316的粘结部322。在一些构型中,诸如图9C所示,粘结厚度Tb可比长丝364的最小横截面厚度Tf大至少50%。例如,如图9C所示,具有圆形横截面的长丝364 的最小横截面厚度Tf可被定义为此类长丝的直径。
图9D至图9F电镜照片(“SEM”)示出由来自两个非织造布的硬化的第一材料354和第二材料356围绕的粘结区域360中的弹性股线316的剖视图。在图9D和图9E中,弹性股线316为包括五根长丝364的70分特弹性股线,其中每根长丝364具有约43μm(“微米”)的直径。并且粘结部322 限定约80μm(“微米”)的厚度Tb。在图9F中,弹性股线316为包括十五根长丝364的235分特弹性股线,其中每根长丝364具有约43μm(“微米”)的直径。并且粘结部322限定约200μm(“微米”)的厚度Tb。
应当理解,本文的设备300可以各种方式被构造成具有本文所述的各种特征结构,以组装具有各种拉伸特性的弹性体层合物302。例如,设备 300可被构造成用弹性股线316装配弹性体层合物302,该弹性股线从多于一个横梁退绕和/或与由越端或表面驱动的退绕机供应的弹性股线组合。例如,图10和图11示出了设备300,该设备被构造成将弹性体层合物302与从多于一个经束314退绕的弹性股线316装配在一起。具体地,设备300 可包括其上卷绕有第一弹性股线316a的第一经束314a和其上卷绕有第二弹性股线316b的第二经束314b。第一经束 314a可围绕第一经 束 旋转轴346a 旋转,并且第二经束 314b可围绕第二经束 旋转轴346b旋转。在操作期间,当第一经束314a旋转时,第一弹性股线316a以速度S2从第一经束 314a沿纵向方向MD推进,其中第一弹性股线316a在横向方向CD上彼此间隔开。如上所述,第一弹性股线316a从第一经束314a沿纵向方向MD 推进并与第一基底306和第二基底308接合。类似地,当第二经束314b旋转时,第二弹性股线316b以速度S3从第二经束314b沿纵向方向MD推进,其中第二弹性股线316b在横向方向CD上彼此间隔开。如上所述,第二弹性股线316b从第二经束314b沿纵向方向MD推进并与第一基底306 和第二基底308接合。还应当理解,图10和图11所示的设备构型也可包括布置成施加如上所述的粘结部322的粘结施用装置500。粘结施用装置 500大体由图10中的虚线矩形表示。
继续参考图10和图11,弹性股线316a、316b可与第一基底306和第二基底308接合,使得弹性体层合物302可在沿横向CD的不同区域中具有不同的拉伸特征。例如,当弹性体层合物302伸长时,第一弹性股线316a 可在纵向MD上施加与由第二弹性股线316b施加的收缩力不同的收缩力。在将弹性股线316a、316b与第一基底306和第二基底308接合之前,通过将第一弹性股线316a拉伸得多于或少于第二弹性股线316b,可以实现此类不同的拉伸特性。例如,如前所述,第一基底306和第二基底308可以各自以速度S1推进。在一些构型中,第一弹性股线316a可以小于速度S1的速度S2从第一经束 314a推进,并且第二弹性股线316b可以小于速度S1的速度S3从第二经束 314b推进。这样,当与第一基底306和第二基底308结合时,第一弹性股线316a和第二弹性股线316b在纵向MD上拉伸。另外,速度S2可以小于或大于不同于速度S3。因此,当与第一基底306和第二基底 308结合时,第一弹性股线316a可被拉伸得大于或小于第二弹性股线 316b。还应当理解,第一弹性股线316a和第二弹性股线316b可具有各种不同的材料构造和/或分特值,以产生在不同区域具有不同拉伸特性的弹性体层合物302。在一些构型中,弹性体层合物可以具有弹性股线316在横向方向CD上彼此相对靠近地间隔开的区域,以及弹性股线316在横向方向CD 上彼此相对更远地间隔开的其他区域,以在不同区域中产生不同的拉伸特性。在一些构型中,弹性股线316可在拉伸状态下供给于经束314上,并且因此,在与第一基底306和/或第二基底308组合之前,可以不需要额外的拉伸(或可需要相对较少的额外拉伸)。因此,在一些构型中,第一弹性股线316a可以第一张力供应在第一经束 314a上,并且第二弹性股线316b可以第二张力供应在第二经束 314b上,其中第一张力不等于第二张力。
在图12所示的另一种构型中,第二辊330可定位在第一辊324的下游。因此,第一辊324可以构造成第二计量装置312,并且第二辊330可构造成第三计量装置366。如图14所示,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326 并且从第一辊推进到第二辊330以与第二基底308组合。随着经束314旋转,弹性股线316以速度S2从经束314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向方向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316从经束314推进到第一辊324并且定位在第一基底306的第二表面340上。在一些构型中,速度S2小于速度 S1,因此,弹性股线316沿纵向方向MD拉伸。继续参见图12,第一基底 306和弹性股线316从第一辊324的外圆周表面326推进到第二辊330。具体地,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第二辊330,其中第二基底308部分地缠绕第二辊330的外圆周表面332。继而,组合的第一基底306和拉伸的弹性股线316从第一辊324推进到第二辊330并且与第二基底308组合,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342接合以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。
在图13所示的另一种构型中,设备300可被构造成仅具有第一辊324 而不具有第二辊330。因此,第一辊324可以构造成第二计量装置312。此外,第一辊324也可被构造成粘结施用装置500的组件。如图13所示,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。在部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326的同时,第一基底306与弹性股线316和第二基底308组合。随着经束 314旋转,弹性股线316以速度S2从经束314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向方向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316从经束314推进到第一辊324 并且定位在第一基底306的第二表面340上。在一些构型中,速度S2小于速度S1,因此,弹性股线316沿纵向方向MD拉伸。继续参见图13,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第一辊324,并且部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。继而,第二基底308在第一辊324上的同时与第一基底306 和拉伸的弹性股线316结合,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342接合,以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。此外,粘结施用装置500可被构造成在弹性体层合物302从第一辊324推进之前施加粘结部322。
在一些构型中,速度S2小于速度S1,因此,弹性股线316沿纵向方向MD拉伸。继续参见图13,第二基底308以速度S1推进到第一辊324,并且部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。继而,第二基底308在第一辊324上的同时与第一基底306和拉伸的弹性股线316结合,使得弹性股线316与第一基底306的第二表面340和第二基底308的第一表面342 接合,以产生连续长度的弹性体层合物302。此外,粘结施用装置500可被构造成在弹性体层合物302从第一辊324推进之前施加粘结部322。
还应当理解,在一些构型中,本文的第一基底306和第二基底308可由两个离散的基底限定,或者可由单个基底的折叠部分限定。例如,如图 14所示,第一基底306以速度S1推进到第一辊324,其中第一基底306部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326。在部分地缠绕第一辊324的外圆周表面326的同时,第一基底306与弹性股线316组合。随着经束314旋转,弹性股线316以速度S2从经束314推进,其中弹性股线316在横向方向CD上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316从经束314推进到第一辊324并且定位在第一基底306的第二表面340上。如图14和图15所示,折叠装置 368可以操作成将第一基底的第一部分306a折叠到第一基底的第二部分 306b上,其中弹性股线316定位在第一部分306a和第二部分306b之间以产生弹性体层合物302。如图14和图16所示,粘结施用装置500可被构造成在弹性体层合物302从第一辊324推进之前施加粘结部322。
如图所示,设备和方法可被构造成使得弹性股线可从横梁推进并且直接进入组装过程而不必接触附加的机器部件,例如像导辊。还应当理解,在一些构型中,弹性股线可从横梁推进并且可以在推进到组装过程之前被重定向和/或以其他方式触摸和/或重定向。例如,图17示出经束旋转轴346可在第一横向CD1上延伸的构型。当经束 314旋转时,弹性股线316 在第一纵向MD1上从经束 314推进,其中弹性股线316在第一横向CD1 上彼此间隔开。弹性股线316随后可通过辊323从第一纵向MD1重定向到第二纵向MD2,其中弹性股线316可在第二横向CD2上保持彼此分开。弹性股线316可在第二纵向MD2上从辊323推进以与第一基底306和第二基底308组合,以形成弹性体层合物302。因此,应当理解,经束 314可被布置和/或取向成使得横梁旋转轴346可相对于弹性体层合物302和/或基底306、308的纵向推进平行、垂直或以其他方式成角度地偏移。
应当理解,本文的粘结方法和设备可与其他粘结方法和设备结合使用并且/或者可装配各种类型的层合物和吸收制品,诸如下列专利中所公开的: 2018年6月19日提交的美国专利申请62/686,896;2018年6月19日提交的美国专利申请62/687,031;2018年6月15日提交的美国专利申请 62/685,429;2017年11月3日提交的美国专利申请62/581,278;2017年9月1日提交的美国专利申请62/553,149;2017年9月1日提交的美国专利申请 62/553,538;和2017年9月1日提交的美国专利申请62/553,171,以及美国专利公布2018/0168880A1;2018/0170027A1;2018/0169964A1; 2018/0168879A1;2018/0170026A1;2018/0168889A1;2018/0168874A1; 2018/0168875A1;2018/0168890A1;2018/0168887A1;2018/0168892A1; 2018/0168876A1;和2018/0168891A1,这些专利的全文以引用方式并入本文。
本专利申请要求以下专利申请的权益:2018年6月19日提交的美国临时专利申请62/686,896;2018年6月19日提交的美国专利申请 62/687,031;2018年6月15日提交的美国专利申请62/685,429;2017年11 月3日提交的美国专利申请62/581,278;2017年9月1日提交的美国专利申请62/553,149;2017年9月1日提交的美国专利申请62/553,538;和 2017年9月1日提交的美国临时专利申请62/553,171,这些专利申请的全文均以引用方式并入本文。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制,本文中引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。对任何文献的引用不是对其作为与本发明的任何所公开或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其自身或与任何一个或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开任何此类发明的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文献中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其它变化和修改。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有此类变化和修改。
Claims (9)
1.一种制备吸收制品的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
围绕在横向上轴向延伸的旋转轴线(506)旋转图案辊(502),所述图案辊(502)包括从所述旋转轴线(506)径向向外延伸的粘结元件,所述粘结元件具有粘结表面(510);
提供与所述图案辊(502)相邻的压制表面(504)以在所述粘结元件和所述压制表面(504)之间限定辊隙(508);
沿纵向方向推进第一基底(306)和第二基底(308),以至少约100米/分钟的第一速度S1推进通过所述辊隙(508);
提供卷绕到经束(314)上的弹性股线(316);
旋转所述经束(314)以使所述弹性股线(316)从所述经束(314)退绕;
从所述旋转经束(314)推进所述弹性股线(316);
拉伸所述弹性股线(316);以及
在所述辊隙(508)处将所述拉伸的弹性股线(316)粘结在所述第一基底(306)和所述第二基底(308)之间以形成弹性体层合物(302),
其中所述图案辊(502)的所述粘结表面(510)包括小于约10μm的总跳动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一速度S1为约100米/分钟至约450米/分钟。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述粘结表面(510)在所述横向上延伸至少约100mm的长度。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述压制表面(504)包括超声变幅杆(520)的能量传递表面。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中拉伸所述弹性股线(316)的所述步骤还包括:
旋转所述经束(314)以使所述弹性股线(316)从所述经束(314)以第二速度S2退绕,其中S2小于S1。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,还包括将粘合剂施加于所述弹性股线(316)、所述第一基底(306)和所述第二基底(308)中的至少一者。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述图案辊(502)和所述压制表面(504)中的至少一者被加热。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述弹性股线(316)包括纺丝涂饰剂,并且所述方法还包括在粘结所述拉伸的弹性股线(316)的所述步骤之前去除所述纺丝涂饰剂的一部分。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述第一基底(306)包括第一非织造物并且所述第二基底(308)包括第二非织造物,并且其中所述弹性股线(316)包括小于约100的分特。
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