CN110931975A - Broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna - Google Patents
Broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110931975A CN110931975A CN201911242732.0A CN201911242732A CN110931975A CN 110931975 A CN110931975 A CN 110931975A CN 201911242732 A CN201911242732 A CN 201911242732A CN 110931975 A CN110931975 A CN 110931975A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
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Abstract
The invention provides a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna which comprises N antenna units, a feed network and two metal cavities, wherein the array antenna adopts double-layer patch broadband antenna units, the E surface and the H surface are simultaneously low-sidelobe by adopting an array mode with uniform m × 2m intervals, an N-path T-shaped power divider feed network and a Wilkinson power divider feed network are designed and connected with an antenna through glass bead connectors to realize a required excitation amplitude phase, the T-shaped power divider feed network reduces the complexity of planar wiring and the design cost in a parallel mode, the Wilkinson power divider feed network greatly improves the receiving efficiency of the array antenna when the array antenna is used as a receiving antenna in a series-parallel mode, and the metal cavities are used as carriers, fix the antenna and the feed network and play a role in shielding. The invention realizes a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna by designing an antenna unit, an excitation amplitude phase and two feed networks, and the planar array has the advantages of wide frequency band, low profile, low sidelobe, high gain and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of array antennas for microwave and satellite communication, in particular to a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna.
Background
With the increase of wireless electronic devices, the space electromagnetic environment becomes more complex, and the electromagnetic interference on the communication system and the radar system is more serious. The low sidelobe array antenna has the advantages of narrow beam, low sidelobe, high gain and the like, and has stronger anti-electromagnetic interference capability and better sensitivity due to the advantages. The antenna is used as the radio frequency front end of the wireless communication system, the performance quality directly determines the communication quality, and the high-quality communication system puts higher requirements on the antenna: a sufficiently large bandwidth is required to meet the communication rate requirements; low sidelobe levels are required to reduce interference to the receiving antenna; a low back lobe is required to avoid back radiation.
The microstrip antenna has the advantages of low profile, light weight, easy conformality and the like, is easy to integrate with active devices and circuits, is suitable for large-scale production, and can effectively reduce the system cost. Therefore, microstrip antennas are widely used in the fields of radar, electronic countermeasure, satellite communication, and the like. However, the main disadvantage of the conventional microstrip antenna is the narrow operating band, which limits its application to some extent. In addition, the low side lobe antenna design is a hotspot and a difficulty of the current array antenna design, and is one of key technologies which need to be solved urgently for realizing high-performance radar. The microstrip antenna is easy to form arrays, the feed network form is flexible, and the design of the low-sidelobe array antenna by adopting the microstrip antenna as an array element is a common form. Indexes such as the working bandwidth, the gain, the beam width and the side lobe level of the array antenna determine the technical and tactical performance of the whole system to a great extent, and the indexes are correlated with each other and need to be considered in a compromise mode during engineering design. Based on the design method, the invention provides a design method of a broadband low-sidelobe planar array antenna.
The difficulty for designing a broadband low sidelobe array is two parts:
(1) a design in the form of an array comprising: the antenna unit selection, the array arrangement mode under the limited caliber and the excitation amplitude phase selection of all the units. The performance of the array antenna is closely related to the performance of the antenna elements, and when designing the antenna elements, the antenna elements are also required to be broadband antenna elements. And the limitation of the array aperture is considered during array formation, so that grating lobes cannot appear while high gain is ensured, and the unit interval is required to be limited within a high-frequency wavelength. There are many ways to realize the port excitation amplitude phase needed to be selected for the low side lobe, and it is necessary to adopt different methods to obtain the port excitation amplitude phase for different array antennas.
(2) The design of the feed network and the selection of the design form of the feed network also depend on the array antenna, the existing large-scale array mostly adopts the feed network of the T-shaped section power divider, but the T-shaped section feed network can not realize good matching of each port, so that the receiving efficiency of the antenna as a receiving end is lower. Small-size array and one-dimensional linear array adopt Wilkinson power divider to feed the net more, and this kind is fed the net and can be realized the good matching of each port, also can increase the isolation between each port. Therefore, the power divider has a difference in selection of not only the power divider but also the series feeding, the parallel feeding and the series-parallel combined feeding. And finally, the whole matching effect is achieved after the feed network and the array antenna are connected together.
At present, the development of planar low-sidelobe array antennas at home and abroad is more and more popular, but the broadband two-dimensional low-sidelobe array antennas are few, and the difficulty is that the design of a broadband two-dimensional feed network, when the frequency band is wide, the power distribution realized by the required feed network is greatly changed, so that the shaping effect is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna aiming at the current situation and problems of domestic and foreign research. The device comprises N antenna units, a feed network, two metal cavities, a glass bead connector, a nylon support column, a screw and a nut assembly device. The broadband low-sidelobe array antenna adopts a double-layer patch antenna as a broadband array antenna unit, realizes the beam width of an E surface and an H surface to be 2:1 by adopting an array mode with m × 2m uniform intervals, simultaneously realizes low sidelobe, designs a one-N T-shaped section feed network and a one-N Wilkinson power divider feed network, and is connected with the antenna through a glass bead connector to realize the excitation amplitude phase required by the array antenna. The invention realizes a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna by designing an antenna unit, an excitation amplitude phase, two feed networks and an interconnection matching structure, and the planar array has the advantages of wide frequency band, low profile, low sidelobe, high gain and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a broadband low-side lobe low-profile planar array antenna comprises N broadband antenna units 1, a feed network 4 and a metal cavity, wherein the N broadband antenna units are arranged at equal intervals in a mode of m × 2m, N is m × 2m, and m is more than or equal to 2;
the metal cavity is divided into an upper metal cavity 2 and a lower metal cavity 3, the N broadband antenna units 1 are placed in the upper metal cavity 2, and the feed network 4 is placed in the lower metal cavity;
n small cavities are arranged in the upper-layer metal cavity 2, each broadband antenna unit is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer and the lower layer of each broadband antenna unit are supported and connected through a non-metal support 6 and then are respectively placed into each small cavity in the upper-layer metal cavity, and U-shaped slotted patches 18 are arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer antenna unit and the upper surface of the lower-layer antenna unit;
the feed network 4 is sealed by the lower metal cavity 3, and the broadband antenna unit is connected with the feed network 4 through a glass bead connector 7.
Preferably, the depth h of the lower cavity is 20 times or more of the thickness of the dielectric of the feed network 4.
The feeding network is a T-shaped section power divider feeding network, after the excitation amplitude of each port is determined according to Taylor distribution, the parallel feeding mode is adopted to realize the excitation of each port of the array with different amplitudes, the T-shaped section feeding network is realized in a microstrip line mode, wherein each port of the feeding network is connected with the upper layer broadband antenna unit through an air coaxial line, and the matching between the feeding network and the broadband antenna unit is realized.
As a preferred mode, the feed network is a Wilkinson power divider feed network, after the excitation amplitude of each port is determined according to Taylor distribution, a series-parallel combined feed mode is adopted, excitation with unequal amplitudes of each port of the array is achieved, the power division ratio of each node is guaranteed to be 0.5-2, the Wilkinson power divider feed network is achieved in a microstrip line mode, each port of the feed network is connected with an upper-layer broadband antenna unit through a glass bead connector, and matching between the feed network and the broadband antenna unit is achieved.
As a preferred mode, a 1-branch N Wilkinson power divider feed network is designed by using microstrip lines, is connected with an upper layer broadband antenna unit under a rectangular aperture surface by optimizing a matching circle 13 at the connection position of the Wilkinson power divider feed network and an antenna and by a glass bead connector 7, is used for realizing the shaping effect required by the area array to provide a corresponding excitation amplitude phase, firstly obtains a group of amplitude phase excitations through a self-carrying taylorwin window in MATLAB, then brings the excitation phase into a unit directional diagram through a GA optimization algorithm, obtains another group of excitations by limiting the ratio of the maximum amplitude to the minimum amplitude not to be more than 4 times, and selects a group of excitations meeting the feasibility requirements of physical design and manufacturing after comparing the two groups of excitations; through the design of Wilkinson power divider feed network topological diagram, the core thought of its feed network topological scheme lies in that the power division ratio of each power division node of restriction feed network makes it satisfy the feasibility requirement of physical design preparation within 0.5 ~ 2, realize this design of presenting the net through the mode that Wilkinson power divider series-parallel combined together in the rectangular surface, in total port department, through design U-shaped solder joint 15 for this presents the net and adopts the mode of back feed to carry out signal input, presents the net and passes through marginal non-metal support column to be fixed in upper metal cavity below.
Preferably, N is 32 and m is 4.
Preferably, the metal cavities of the upper and lower layers are locked by metal screws 5.
Preferably, the broadband antenna unit and the upper metal cavity are connected and fastened through a non-metal screw.
In this array design, the antenna element gain is above 8dBi, being a linearly polarized antenna element.
In the array design, T-shaped power divider feed networks and Wilkinson power divider feed networks are respectively adopted to realize Taylor distribution and realize port excitation required by low side lobes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the T-shaped section power divider feed network has the advantages of simple structure, small insertion loss and capability of realizing higher power division ratio at the power division node; the Wilkinson power divider feed network has the advantages that the isolation resistance is increased, the power division ratio is not high, the port isolation degree is high, the port matching good reflection is small, the wire routing is performed in a limited space in a series-parallel combination mode, and the structure is compact. The matching effect of the connection part is realized by adjusting the matching circle at the connection part of the feed net and the antenna. The broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna is realized, and the planar array has the advantages of wide frequency band, low profile, low sidelobe, high gain and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a broadband low sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of a broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna (Wilkinson power divider feed network) according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a bottom view of a broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a front view of a broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a side view of a broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a broadband antenna unit of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a top view of a broadband antenna element of a broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cavity for placing antenna units on the upper layer of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a top view of a cavity for placing antenna units on the upper layer of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cavity of a lower-layer sealed feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a top view of a cavity of a lower sealed feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram and a topology diagram of a feed network of an 1/4Wilkinson power divider of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a partial schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a T-junction power divider feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a feeding network of an 1/4T-shaped power divider of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a diagram of a low-frequency shaping effect of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna Wilkinson power divider feed network according to the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a diagram of an intermediate frequency shaping effect of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna Wilkinson power divider feed network according to the present invention.
Fig. 19 is a high-frequency shaping effect diagram of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna Wilkinson power divider feed network according to the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a low-frequency shaping effect diagram of the feed network of the T-shaped power divider of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 21 is an intermediate frequency shaping effect diagram of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna T-shaped power splitter feed network according to the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a high-frequency shaping effect diagram of a feed network of a T-shaped power divider of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1 is a broadband antenna unit; 2 is an upper metal cavity; 3 is a lower metal cavity; 4 is a feed network; 5 is a metal screw for fixing the upper and lower layers of metal cavities; 6 is a non-metal support column; 7 is a glass bead connector, 8 is a threaded hole required for connecting the upper layer metal cavity and the lower layer metal cavity by using a metal screw; 9 is a threaded hole required for connecting the antenna and the upper metal cavity by a nylon screw; 10 is a through hole needed for connecting the feed net and the antenna by a glass bead connector; 11 is a through hole reserved for the SMA connector of the signal input port in the lower metal cavity; 12 is a chip resistor in a Wilkinson power divider feed network; 13 is a matching circle at the connection of the feed network of the Wilkinson power divider and the antenna; 14 is the power dividing ratio of a power dividing node of a feed network of the Wilkinson power divider, and 15 is a joint welding part reserved for an input signal port of the feed network of the Wilkinson power divider; 16 is a joint welding part reserved for a feed network input signal port of the T-shaped power divider; 17 is a matching circle at the connection part of the feed net and the antenna of the T-shaped power divider, and 18 is a U-shaped slotted patch.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 2 is a top view (Wilkinson power divider feed network) of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 3 is a bottom view of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention, fig. 4 is a front view of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention, and fig. 5 is a side view of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Fig. 6 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a broadband antenna unit of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Fig. 7 is a top view of a broadband antenna element of a broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to the present invention.
A broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna comprises 32 broadband antenna units 1, a feed network 4 and a metal cavity, wherein the 32 antenna units are arranged at equal intervals in a 4 x 8 mode;
the metal cavity is divided into an upper metal cavity 2 and a lower metal cavity 3, the N broadband antenna units 1 are placed in the upper metal cavity 2, and the feed network 4 is placed in the lower metal cavity;
n small cavities are arranged in the upper-layer metal cavity 2, each broadband antenna unit is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer and the lower layer of each broadband antenna unit are supported and connected through a non-metal support 6 and then are respectively placed into each small cavity in the upper-layer metal cavity, and U-shaped slotted patches 18 are arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer antenna unit and the upper surface of the lower-layer antenna unit; a probe feed form is adopted.
The upper layer cavity body is divided into N antenna units, so that the coupling among the antenna units is reduced, namely the influence on the excitation amplitude caused by the antenna coupling is reduced; the lower cavity seals the feed net.
The feed network 4 is sealed by the lower metal cavity 3, and the broadband antenna unit is connected with the feed network 4 through a glass bead connector 7.
The depth h of the lower cavity is 20 times or more of the thickness of the medium of the feed network 4. Adopt the deeper metal cavity of cavity degree of depth to seal, avoid the cavity to feed the net and produce the influence, as the plane of reflection simultaneously, reduce backward radiation and reduce the back valve, increase forward radiation gain simultaneously.
32 antenna element adopts the design of bilayer structure in order to increase the bandwidth, and nonmetal pillar brace 6 adopts the nylon column support column, and 32 broadband microstrip antenna element passes through nylon column support column 6 to be fixed in the upper metal cavity of equipment carrier, adopts even interval cloth to be rectangle aperture face array, and the E face is 4, and the H face is 8. The feed net 4 is placed at the bottom of the upper-layer metal cavity and is sealed by buckling the lower-layer metal cavity, and the upper-layer metal cavity and the lower-layer metal cavity are locked by metal screws 5.
Fig. 8 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cavity for placing antenna units on the upper layer of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Fig. 9 is a top view of a cavity for placing antenna units on the upper layer of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Fig. 10 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a cavity of a lower-layer sealed feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Fig. 11 is a top view of a cavity of a lower sealed feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Wherein, 8 and 9 are metal screw holes reserved for locking the upper and lower metal cavities, 10 is a through hole reserved for connecting the feed net and the antenna by a glass bead connector, and 11 is a through hole reserved for the lower metal cavity as a signal input port (SMA connector).
Fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to this embodiment. Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram and a topology diagram of a feed network of an 1/4Wilkinson power divider of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention, where reference numerals 1, 2, 3 … 7, and 8 are ports where the array antenna is connected to the feed network. Fig. 14 is a partial schematic diagram of a Wilkinson power divider feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to this embodiment. This 1 divide 32 way Wilkinson power divider feed network through with microstrip line design, through optimizing the matching circle 13 of Wilkinson power divider feed network and antenna junction and realizing through glass bead connector 7 and linking to each other with upper antenna under the rectangle aperture face for realize the required shaping effect of this area array and provide corresponding excitation amplitude phase, this embodiment obtains a set of amplitude phase excitation through taking taylorwin window in MATLAB certainly earlier, then brings the unit directional diagram through GA optimization algorithm, through restricting the ratio of maximum amplitude and minimum amplitude not more than 4 times and obtain another set of excitation, select a set of excitation that satisfies the feasibility requirement of material object design preparation after two sets of excitation contrast. According to the invention, through the design of a Wilkinson power divider feed network topological diagram in fig. 13, the core idea of a feed network topological scheme is that the power division ratio of each power division node of a feed network is limited within 0.5-2, so that the feed network meets the feasibility requirement of physical design and manufacture, the design of the feed network is realized in a rectangular plane in a mode of combining series connection and parallel connection of the Wilkinson power dividers, and in order to avoid that lateral feed has great influence on the diagram, at a main port, a U-shaped welding point 15 is designed, so that the feed network can adopt a back feed mode to carry out signal input, and the feed network is fixed below an upper-layer metal cavity through an edge nylon support. A Wilkinson power divider feed network is realized in a microstrip line form, and the structure of the Wilkinson power divider feed network is sequentially a floor, a dielectric layer and a feed network routing layer from top to bottom. This divide N way microstrip line Wilkinson power to divide ware to feed net when designing every node, and it is limited to consider two-dimensional planar arrangement space, to placing special requirement of every node, wherein feeds every port of net and links to each other with upper antenna through glass bead connector, realizes feeding better matching between net and the antenna.
Fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of a T-junction power divider feed network of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a feeding network of an 1/4T-shaped power splitter of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention, where reference numerals 1, 2, 3 … 7, and 8 are ports of the array antenna connected to the feeding network. A microstrip line form is adopted to realize the T-shaped section feed network, and the structure of the T-shaped section feed network is sequentially a floor, a dielectric layer and a feed network wiring layer from top to bottom. Wherein each port of the feed network is connected with the upper layer antenna through an air coaxial line, so that better matching between the feed network and the antenna is realized.
The core idea of the design of the T-shaped power divider feed network is to adopt a parallel connection mode to ensure that the phases of all ports are the same and the amplitude is required to be excited. The T-shaped section power divider feed network is simple in structure, can realize high power division ratio nodes, is small in insertion loss, enables ports to be well matched through the optimized matching circle 17 when being connected with an antenna, and enables the feed network to be capable of inputting signals in a back feed mode through designing the U-shaped welding points 16, and the feed network is fixed below the upper-layer metal cavity through the edge nylon support columns.
Fig. 17 is a diagram of a low-frequency shaping effect of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna Wilkinson power divider feed network according to the present invention. Fig. 18 is a diagram of an intermediate frequency shaping effect of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna Wilkinson power divider feed network according to the present invention. Fig. 19 is a high-frequency shaping effect diagram of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna Wilkinson power divider feed network according to the present invention. By reasonably designing the antenna unit, the excitation amplitude phase, the feed network, the metal cavity and the interconnection matching structure, the broadband low-side lobe low-profile planar array antenna is realized. The shaped area array has the advantages of wide frequency band, low section, low side lobe, high gain and low cost.
Fig. 20 is a low-frequency shaping effect diagram of the feed network of the T-shaped power divider of the broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. Fig. 21 is an intermediate frequency shaping effect diagram of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna T-shaped power splitter feed network according to the present invention. Fig. 22 is a high-frequency shaping effect diagram of a feed network of a T-shaped power divider of a broadband low-sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna according to the present invention. By reasonably designing the antenna unit, the excitation amplitude phase, the feed network, the metal cavity and the interconnection matching structure, the broadband low-side lobe low-profile planar array antenna is realized. The planar array has the advantages of wide frequency band, low section, low side lobe, high gain and low cost.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A broadband low sidelobe low-profile planar array antenna is characterized in that: the antenna comprises N broadband antenna units (1), a feed network (4) and a metal cavity, wherein the N antenna units are arranged at equal intervals in a mode of m × 2m, N is m × 2m, and m is more than or equal to 2;
the metal cavity is divided into an upper layer metal cavity (2) and a lower layer metal cavity (3), N broadband antenna units (1) are placed in the upper layer metal cavity (2), and a feed network (4) is placed in the lower layer metal cavity;
n small cavities are arranged in the upper-layer metal cavity (2), each broadband antenna unit is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, the upper layer and the lower layer of each broadband antenna unit are supported and connected through a non-metal support column (6) and then are respectively placed into each small cavity in the upper-layer metal cavity, and U-shaped slotted patches (18) are arranged on the lower surface of the upper-layer antenna unit and the upper surface of the lower-layer antenna unit;
the feed network (4) is sealed by the lower metal cavity (3), and the broadband antenna unit is connected with the feed network (4) through a glass bead connector (7).
2. A broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the depth h of the lower cavity is 20 times or more of the thickness of the medium of the feed network (4).
3. A broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the feed network is a T-shaped power divider feed network, after the excitation amplitude of each port is determined according to Taylor distribution, the parallel feed mode is adopted to realize the excitation of each port of the array with unequal amplitude, the T-shaped section feed network is realized in a microstrip line mode, wherein each port of the feed network is connected with the upper layer broadband antenna unit through an air coaxial line, and the matching between the feed network and the broadband antenna unit is realized.
4. A broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the feed network is a Wilkinson power divider feed network, after the excitation amplitude of each port is determined according to Taylor distribution, the feed mode of series-parallel combination is adopted, the excitation with different amplitudes of each port of the array and the like is realized, the power division ratio of each node is ensured to be 0.5-2, the Wilkinson power divider feed network is realized in a microstrip line form, each port of the feed network is connected with an upper-layer broadband antenna unit through a glass bead connector, and the matching between the feed network and the broadband antenna unit is realized.
5. The broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to claim 4, wherein: the 1-branch N-path Wilkinson power divider feed network is designed by using microstrip lines, is connected with an upper-layer broadband antenna unit under a rectangular aperture surface by optimizing a matching circle (13) at the connection position of the Wilkinson power divider feed network and an antenna and by using a glass bead connector (7), is used for realizing the required shaping effect of the area array and providing a corresponding excitation amplitude phase, firstly obtains a group of amplitude phase excitations through a self-carrying taylorwin window in MATLAB, then brings the excitation phase into a unit directional diagram through a GA (genetic algorithm), obtains another group of excitations by limiting the ratio of the maximum amplitude to the minimum amplitude not to be more than 4 times, and selects a group of excitations meeting the feasibility requirement of physical design and manufacturing after comparing the two groups of excitations; through the design of Wilkinson power divider feed network topological diagram, the core thought of its feed network topological scheme lies in that the power division ratio of each power division node of restriction feed network makes it satisfy the feasibility requirement of physical design preparation within 0.5 ~ 2, realize this design of presenting the net through the mode that Wilkinson power divider series-parallel combined together in the rectangular surface, in total port department, through designing U-shaped solder joint for this presents the net and adopts the mode of back feed to carry out signal input, presents the net and passes through marginal non-metallic support to fix in upper metal cavity below.
6. A broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: n is 32, m is 4.
7. A broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the upper and lower metal cavities are locked by metal screws (5).
8. A broadband low sidelobe low profile planar array antenna according to claim 1, wherein: the broadband antenna unit and the upper-layer metal cavity are connected and fastened through non-metal screws.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111525285A (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2020-08-11 | 西安黄河机电有限公司 | Thin-array antenna and design method thereof |
| CN114976678A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-08-30 | 河南工业大学 | Microstrip array antenna |
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| CN115020954A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-09-06 | 南京天朗防务科技有限公司 | Taylor distribution power divider based on Wilkinson form and design method thereof |
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