CN114976678A - Microstrip array antenna - Google Patents
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- CN114976678A CN114976678A CN202210470592.8A CN202210470592A CN114976678A CN 114976678 A CN114976678 A CN 114976678A CN 202210470592 A CN202210470592 A CN 202210470592A CN 114976678 A CN114976678 A CN 114976678A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of microstrip antennas, and particularly relates to a microstrip array antenna. The microstrip array antenna comprises a radiation patch layer, a first dielectric layer, a first metal grounding layer, a prepreg layer, a second metal grounding layer, a second dielectric layer and a feed network layer which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and further comprises a plurality of feed probes. N1 XN 2 radiation patches with the same structural shape are distributed on the radiation patch layer, and each radiation patch is provided with 2 rectangular grooves and 1U-shaped groove. The microstrip array antenna can work in two frequency bands and has the characteristics of radiation directional diagrams in different directions, the feed probe is arranged in a matched mode, when an external excitation signal is a double-frequency signal, the microstrip array antenna can work in two modes through the transmission of the feed probe, in addition, the impedance matching of the two frequency bands is realized by digging a U-shaped groove on each radiation patch, the numerical value of the reflection coefficient when the antenna resonates is reduced, and the requirement of the impedance matching of the antenna is met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microstrip antennas, and particularly relates to a microstrip array antenna.
Background
The microstrip antenna is a novel antenna form appearing in the 70 s of the 20 th century, has unique advantages which conventional antennas such as a reflector antenna do not have, such as thin section, small volume, light weight, low manufacturing cost, capability of being simply and conveniently arranged on an instrument panel and conformal with the surfaces of carriers such as a missile, a satellite and the like, easiness in obtaining circular polarization, easiness in realizing double-frequency-band multi-polarization and the like, and is widely applied to various fields including communication systems such as aircrafts, satellites, radars, missiles, mobile phones and the like.
Microstrip antennas can be conveniently integrated with feed networks and active devices, but have lower unit gains than large aperture antennas such as parabolic antennas. In order to improve the gain of the microstrip antenna and realize long-distance communication transmission, the microstrip antenna unit is arrayed into a main method. The traditional microstrip array antenna has single working frequency band and radiation mode and cannot meet the practical requirements of multiple functions, therefore, the multi-frequency multi-mode microstrip array antenna has the advantages of increasing the integration level of the antenna and being convenient for integration application, and for the multi-frequency multi-mode microstrip array antenna, the problem that how to meet the requirement of impedance matching of different frequency bands of the antenna under the requirement of ensuring high gain is urgently needed to be solved, and the current multi-frequency multi-mode microstrip array antenna still cannot meet the requirement of impedance matching between different frequency bands.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a microstrip array antenna, which is used for solving the problem that the existing multi-frequency multi-mode microstrip array antenna cannot meet the impedance matching requirement among different frequency bands.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme and the corresponding beneficial effects provided by the invention are as follows:
the invention relates to a microstrip array antenna, which comprises a radiation patch layer, a first dielectric layer, a first metal grounding layer, a prepreg layer, a second metal grounding layer, a second dielectric layer and a feed network layer which are arranged from top to bottom in sequence, and also comprises a plurality of feed probes;
the radiation patch layer is provided with N1 multiplied by N2 radiation patches with the same structural shape to form an N1 multiplied by N2 antenna array; each radiation patch is provided with 2 rectangular grooves and 1U-shaped groove, the two rectangular grooves are arranged on the radiation patches in axial symmetry by using the central shaft of the radiation patch, the U-shaped groove is arranged on the central shaft and is close to one side of the radiation patch, and the opening of the U-shaped groove faces to the side opposite to one side of the radiation patch; n1 XN 2 feed connection points are arranged on the radiation patch layer, and each feed connection point is positioned below the corresponding U-shaped groove;
the number of the feed probes is N1 multiplied by N2, and N1 multiplied by N2 holes for the feed probes to pass through are formed in the first dielectric layer, the first metal grounding layer, the prepreg layer, the second metal grounding layer and the second dielectric layer; the feed network layer is provided with an excitation port, a plurality of power dividers and N1 XN 2 feed output ends, the excitation port is used for being connected with an external excitation signal, and each feed output end is connected to a corresponding feed connection point on the radiation patch through a corresponding feed probe.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the microstrip array antenna of the invention is provided with a radiation patch layer, a plurality of radiation patches are arranged on the radiation patch layer, each radiation patch is provided with 2 rectangular grooves, the microstrip array antenna of the invention can work in two frequency bands and has the characteristics of radiation patterns in different directions by setting the length, the width, the length of the rectangular grooves and other factors of the radiation patches, and is matched with a feed probe, when an external excitation signal is a double-frequency signal, the microstrip array antenna of the invention can work in two modes by the transmission of the feed probe, moreover, the impedance matching of the two frequency bands is realized by digging a U-shaped groove on each radiation patch, the value of the reflection coefficient when the antenna resonates is reduced, the requirement of the impedance matching of the antenna is met, the gain of the antenna is improved, and the microstrip array antenna of the invention has stronger radiation directivity, the method is suitable for single-frequency or double-frequency microwave detection systems.
Furthermore, part of the power distributors in the plurality of power distributors are equal-division power distributors, and the rest of the power distributors are unequal-division power distributors.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: by adopting an unequal feeding mode, the obtained directional diagram has lower side lobe level, and the dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip array antenna has good performance.
Further, the N1 × N2 antenna array is a 2 × 8 antenna array; each power divider comprises 1 input end and 2 output ends, and the plurality of power dividers comprise 1 primary power divider, 2 secondary power dividers, 4 tertiary power dividers and 8 quaternary power dividers; the input end of the first-level power divider is connected with the excitation port, 2 output ends of the first-level power divider are respectively connected with the input ends of 2 second-level power dividers, each output end of each second-level power divider is connected with the input end of 1 third-level power divider, each output end of each third-level power divider is connected with the input end of 1 fourth-level power divider, and each output end of each fourth-level power divider is respectively connected with 2 x 8 feed output ends of the feed network layer; the first-stage power divider and the third-stage power divider are equal power dividers, and the second-stage power divider and the fourth-stage power divider are unequal power dividers.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: in order to match with a 2 x 8 antenna array, 5 equal power dividers and 10 unequal power dividers are arranged, so that the relatively high power can be output by the power distribution output end positioned in the middle of the feed network layer, and the relatively low power can be output by the power distribution output end positioned outside the feed network layer.
Further, the radiation patches are rectangular patches, and each radiation patch has a width of 5.6mm and a length of 6.45 mm.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the optimal width and the optimal length of the radiation patch are set, so that the good low-frequency working performance of the microstrip array antenna can be ensured.
Further, the long side of the rectangular groove is parallel to the wide side of the radiation patch, and the central axis is parallel to the wide side of the rectangular groove; the length of the rectangular groove is 1mm, and the width of the rectangular groove is 0.3 mm; one side of the radiation patch is one long side of the radiation patch, the distance between one rectangular groove and the two long sides of the radiation patch is 1.8mm and 2.8mm respectively, and the distance between one rectangular groove and the two wide sides of the radiation patch is 0.425mm and 5.725mm respectively.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the optimal width and the optimal length of the rectangular groove and the optimal position of the rectangular groove are set, so that the good high-frequency working performance of the microstrip array antenna can be ensured.
Further, the radiation patch is a rectangular patch, the length of the U-shaped groove is 1.635mm, and the width of the U-shaped groove is 0.95 mm; the distance between the U-shaped groove and two broadsides of the radiation patch is 2.75mm, and the distance between the U-shaped groove and one side of the radiation patch is 0.365 mm.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the optimal length and the optimal width of the U-shaped groove and the optimal position of the U-shaped groove are set, so that the microstrip array antenna has good impedance matching characteristics.
Further, the radiation patch is a rectangular patch, the length of the radiation patch layer is 93mm, the width of the radiation patch layer is 36mm, and the height of the radiation patch layer is 0.61 mm; the N1 multiplied by N2 antenna array is a 2 multiplied by 8 antenna array, and the wide side of the radiation patch is parallel to the long side of the radiation patch layer; in the long edge direction of the radiation patch layer, 8 radiation patches are distributed in each row, and the distance between every two adjacent radiation patches in the 8 radiation patches in one row is 9.55 mm; in the broadside direction along radiation paster layer, 2 radiation paster of laying in every row, the distance between 2 radiation paster of a row is 11 mm.
Furthermore, the hole radiuses of the first dielectric layer, the prepreg layer and the second dielectric layer are equal to the radius of the feed probe, and the hole radiuses of the first metal grounding layer and the second metal grounding layer are larger than the radius of the feed probe.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the radius of the hole of the metal grounding layer is larger than that of the feed probe, so that the phenomenon of short circuit caused by the contact of the feed probe and the metal grounding layer is prevented.
Further, the radius of the feed probe is 0.15mm, and the hole radius of the first metal ground layer and the second metal ground layer is 0.35 mm.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the radius of the hole of the metal grounding layer is far larger than that of the feed probe, and a larger space is arranged to prevent the short circuit phenomenon.
Further, the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both made of Rogers RO4350B, and the prepreg layer is made of Rogers RO 4450F; the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer, the prepreg layer and the second dielectric layer are respectively 0.254mm, 0.102mm and 0.254 mm.
The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the microstrip array antenna of the invention is easy to process by adopting the material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of the overall structure of a dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2(a) is a front view of the general structure of the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 2(b) is a bottom view of the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
figure 3(a) is a schematic diagram of a single metallic radiating patch in a dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3(b) is a partially enlarged schematic view of a metal ground plate in the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3(c) is a schematic partial enlarged view of the output end of the feeding network in the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 4(a) is a partial enlarged schematic view of an equal power divider in a dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
fig. 4(b) is a partial enlarged schematic view of the unequal power divider in the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a reflection coefficient diagram of a dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison diagram of the equal feeding and unequal feeding directions of the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention at 13.5 GHz;
FIG. 7 is a radiation pattern of the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention at 13.5 GHz;
fig. 8 is the radiation pattern of the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention at 24GHz vertical, horizontal and 54 ° offset from horizontal.
The antenna comprises a radiating patch layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a first metal grounding layer 3, a prepreg layer 4, a second metal grounding layer 5, a second dielectric layer 6, a feed network layer 7, an excitation port 8, a feed probe 9, a first-level power divider 10, a second-level power divider 11, a third-level power divider 12, a fourth-level power divider 13, a U-shaped groove 14 and a rectangular groove 15.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate the process of the present invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have specific orientations, be configured in specific orientations, and operate, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the microstrip array antenna is a dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip array antenna, can simultaneously work in two frequency bands of 13.5GHz and 24GHz, and can work in two modes of TM10 and TM11, wherein the mode is TM10 at 13.5GHz and TM11 at 24 GHz.
The top view and the front view of the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present embodiment are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2(a), respectively. As shown in fig. 2(a), the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna sequentially includes, from top to bottom, a radiation patch layer 1, a first dielectric layer 2, a first metal ground layer 3, a prepreg layer 4, a second metal ground layer 5, a second dielectric layer 6, and a feed network layer 7. Namely, a metal grounding plate is respectively arranged between the first dielectric layer 2 and the prepreg layer 4 and between the prepreg layer 4 and the second dielectric layer 6. The whole antenna array comprises dielectric layers, and the total size is 97mm multiplied by 36mm multiplied by 0.61 mm; the radiating patch layer 1, the first metal ground layer 3, the second metal ground layer 5 and the feed network layer 7 are all metal with a thickness of 0.5 ounces.
N1 × N2 metal radiation patches with the same structure and shape are distributed on the radiation patch layer 1, where N1 is 2 and N2 is 8 in this embodiment, so as to form a 2 × 8 antenna array. And 16 feed connection points are arranged on the radiation patch layer and used for feeding each metal radiation patch. As shown in fig. 1, 8 metal radiation patches are arranged in each row along the horizontal direction (the long side direction of the radiation patch layer), 2 metal radiation patches are arranged in each column along the vertical direction (the wide side direction of the radiation patch layer), and 16 metal radiation patches are formed to form a one-to-sixteen unequal feeding network (specifically, how unequal division is described in detail in "1 and feeding network layer"). As can be seen from fig. 1, the wide side of the metal radiation patch is parallel to the long side of the radiation patch layer. Specifically, an enlarged partial schematic view of each metal radiating patch is shown in fig. 3(a), and details of the drawing will be described in "2, microstrip array", where the 16 metal radiating patches are located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer 2. The distance between 2 adjacent metal radiating patches in 8 radiating patches in a row is 9.55mm in the horizontal direction, and the distance between 2 metal radiating patches in a column is 11mm in the vertical direction.
The feed network layer 7 is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 6 and is indicated by a white dotted line in fig. 1. In order to meet the feeding requirement of the antenna, the output end of the feeding network layer is connected with feeding probes 9 (which are objects for conducting electricity), which are black dotted lines in fig. 2(a), and a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the feeding network layer is shown in fig. 3(c), the radius of the feeding probe is 0.15mm, the height of the feeding probe is 0.61mm, each metal radiation patch is fed by the feeding probes 9, and the number of the feeding probes 9 is the same as that of the metal radiation patches. In order to realize the connection between the feed network layer and the radiation patch layer, holes for allowing the feed probe 9 to pass through are formed in the first dielectric layer 2, the first metal grounding layer 3, the prepreg layer 4, the second metal grounding layer 5 and the second dielectric layer 6. The hole radii of the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 6 may be substantially equal to the aperture of the feed probe 9; the aperture of the first metal ground layer 3 and the second metal ground layer 5 needs to be larger than the radius of the feed probe 9, and the radius is 0.35mm, in order to prevent the feed probe and the metal ground layer from contacting and causing a short circuit phenomenon, so that the radius of the two metal ground layers is set to be relatively larger. As shown in the enlarged schematic view of the two metal ground plates in fig. 3(b), the white circles in the figure are holes formed in the metal ground plates.
The dielectric substrates of the first dielectric layer 2 and the second dielectric layer 6 were both RO4350B (having a relative dielectric constant of 3.48 and a loss tangent of 0.0037) manufactured by Rogers. The prepreg layer 4 was RO4450F (relative dielectric constant 3.54, loss tangent 0.0037) manufactured by Rogers corporation. The thicknesses of the first dielectric layer 2, the prepreg layer 4 and the second dielectric layer 6 are respectively 0.254mm, 0.102mm and 0.254 mm.
The feeding network layer 7 and the microstrip array in the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention are further described in detail below.
1. And a feed network layer.
The feed network layer 7 is located on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer 6, the whole feed network is composed of microstrip lines and a plurality of power dividers, and is provided with an excitation port 8 and 16 feed output ends, the excitation port is used for connecting external excitation signals, and each feed output end is connected to a corresponding feed connection point on the metal radiation patch through a corresponding feed probe 9.
As shown in fig. 2(b), the power dividers in this embodiment include 1 primary power divider 10, 2 secondary power dividers 11, 4 tertiary power dividers 12, and 8 quaternary power dividers, and totally 15 power dividers, each having 1 input terminal and 2 output terminals. The primary power divider 10 is connected with the excitation port 8, 2 output ends of the primary power divider are respectively connected with input ends of 2 secondary power dividers 11, each output end of each secondary power divider 11 is connected with an input end of 1 tertiary power divider 12, each output end of each tertiary power divider 12 is connected with an input end of 1 quaternary power divider 13, an output end of each quaternary power divider is respectively connected with 16 feed output ends of the feed network layer, and the 16 feed output ends are respectively connected with feed connection points of corresponding metal radiation patches through one feed probe 9.
Figure 6, which shows the pattern of the antenna array at 13.5GHz for equally and unequally fed feeds, shows that equally fed feeds have higher side lobe levels than unequally fed patterns. Therefore, the dual-mode dual-frequency microstrip antenna array selects an unequal feeding mode. The specific unequal feeding mode is as follows: all the first-stage power dividers 10 and the third-stage power dividers 12 are equal-division power dividers, the partial amplification schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 4(a), all the second-stage power dividers 11 and the fourth-stage power dividers 13 are unequal-division power dividers, the partial amplification schematic diagram of which is shown in fig. 4(b), and the output power difference is 2 dB. The power divider is connected with the power divider through a 50 omega microstrip line, and the impedance of each port is 50 omega. Moreover, the power output from the feed output terminal closer to the middle of the whole feed network layer should be larger, and the line corresponding to the output terminal with larger output power in fig. 4(b) is thicker.
2. A microstrip array.
Referring to the structure diagram of fig. 1, the microstrip array is formed by 16 metal radiating patches. As shown in fig. 3(a), the metal radiating patch is a rectangular patch having a length of 6.45mm and a width of 5.6 mm. Each metal radiating patch is provided with 2 rectangular grooves 15 and 1U-shaped groove 14. The low-frequency band working frequency is mainly set by the length of the metal radiation patch, and the high-frequency band working frequency is mainly set by the length of the rectangular groove on the metal radiation patch and the width of the metal radiation patch.
The 2 rectangular grooves 15 are symmetrically arranged on the metal radiation patch with the central axis of the metal radiation patch, the central axis is parallel to the broadside of the metal radiation patch, and the 2 rectangular grooves 15 are symmetrically arranged up and down along the metal radiation patch in the figure 1. In this embodiment, the length of the rectangular groove 15 is 1mm, and the width thereof is 0.3 mm. For the rectangular groove on the upper side in fig. 1, the distance from the rectangular groove to the long side on the left side of the metal radiation patch is 1.8mm, the distance from the rectangular groove to the wide side on the upper side of the metal radiation welt is 0.425mm, the distance from the rectangular groove to the long side on the right side of the metal radiation welt is 2.8mm, and the distance from the rectangular groove to the wide side on the lower side of the metal radiation welt is 5.725 mm. The specific position of the lower rectangular groove in fig. 1 can be found from the symmetry with the upper rectangular groove.
The U-shaped slot 14 is arranged on the central axis as described in the previous paragraph, generally adjacent the right side of the metal radiating patch, and opens to the left in fig. 1. Its total length is 1.635mm and its width is 0.95 mm. The distance between the U-shaped groove 14 and the two wide edges of the metal radiation welt is 2.75mm, and the distance between the U-shaped groove 14 and the long edge on the right side of the metal radiation welt is 0.365 mm. Of course, as another embodiment, the whole U-shaped groove may be disposed near the left side of the metal radiation patch, and the opening of the U-shaped groove needs to face the right side in fig. 1.
There are 16 feed connection points on the metallic radiating patch, each feed connection point being located below a respective U-shaped slot 14.
Specifically, the U-shaped groove at the patch feeding point is used for adjusting the input impedance of the microstrip array antenna at 13.5GHz and 24GH, so that the reflection coefficient value of the microstrip array antenna is reduced. In the implementation process of the invention, if the groove bottom of the U-shaped groove is removed, namely only two parallel open grooves are reserved, the low-frequency resonance frequency can deviate from the target resonance point by 0.15GHz, and the minimum value of the reflection coefficient is increased by about 3.5dB compared with the value when the groove bottom is not removed; the high-frequency resonance frequency deviates from the target resonance point by 0.05GHz, and the minimum value of the reflection coefficient is increased by about 5dB compared with the value when the groove bottom is not removed. If the U-shaped groove is removed completely, the influence is the value of the reflection coefficient of the whole antenna, the reflection coefficient of the antenna array element at a low-frequency resonance point is increased to-4.69 dB, and the reflection coefficient at a high-frequency resonance point is increased to-8.71 dB. Therefore, the present invention improves the impedance matching characteristics of the antenna at two operating bands using the U-shaped slot.
In addition, in order to ensure that the microstrip array antenna realizes the characteristic of dual-frequency and dual-mode and has lower reflection coefficient, the length of the symmetrical rectangular grooves at the two ends of the metal radiation patch has no obvious influence on the working frequency of 13.5GHz when the length of the symmetrical rectangular grooves at the two sides of the metal radiation patch is changed, but has larger influence on the second resonant frequency of the microstrip array antenna, namely, the second resonant frequency is reduced from 24.15GHz to 21.30GHz along with the increase of the length from 0.5mm to 2.5mm, and in order to ensure the good performance and miniaturization of the antenna, the dual-frequency and dual-mode microstrip array antenna uses 1mm as the length of the symmetrical rectangular grooves.
As shown in fig. 5, which is a reflection coefficient graph of the microstrip array antenna of the present invention, it can be seen from the graph that, at the resonant frequency point of 13.5GHz, the S11 curve of the microstrip array antenna of the present invention has a minimum value of about-29.42 dB, and the-10 dB bandwidth thereof is 0.19 GHz; at the resonant frequency point of 24GHz, the S11 curve of the microstrip array antenna has a minimum value of about-21.88 dB, and the-10 dB bandwidth of the microstrip array antenna is 0.5 GHz.
Referring to fig. 7 and 8, the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna of the present invention has different radiation patterns at 13.5GHz and 24 GHz. Fig. 7 shows the radiation patterns of the antenna array in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction at 13.5GHz, and it can be seen from the figure that the maximum gain of the microstrip antenna array provided by the present invention at 13.5GHz is 17.1dBi, and at 13.5GHz, the lobe width of the antenna array in the vertical direction is about 36 °, and the lobe width in the horizontal direction is about 12 °. Fig. 8 is a gain directional diagram obtained by the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and the offset horizontal direction by 54 ° at 24GHz, and it can be seen from the diagram that the directional diagram of the dual-band dual-mode microstrip array antenna provided by the present invention at 24GHz is a dual beam, the maximum gain value is 16.74dBi, the horizontal lobe width of the two beams is 8 °, the two beams have strong directivity, and the two directions offset from the horizontal direction by ± 54 ° both have strong radiation characteristics, and the half-power lobe widths are about 36 ° and 35 °. The dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip array antenna has the characteristics of low-frequency single-beam high-frequency dual-beam, so that the antenna has higher gain and larger radiation coverage.
In summary, the dual-band dual-mode microstrip antenna array of the present invention has the following characteristics:
1) the mode through with metal radiation paster unit array has obtained whole higher gain, not only can be applied to the preceding anticollision radar of on-vehicle radar, but also can compatible as the both sides detection radar use of car, has good application prospect.
2) Two rectangular grooves which are symmetrical up and down are dug on each metal radiating patch, so that the microstrip array antenna can work in two frequency bands of 13.5GHz and 24GHz simultaneously, and has different radiation patterns in the two frequency bands. The dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip array antenna can work in TM10 and TM11 modes in two frequency bands of 13.5GHz and 24GHz respectively. The directional diagram in the 13.5GHz frequency band is a single beam, the horizontal lobe width is 12 degrees, the vertical lobe width is 36 degrees, the directional diagram in the 24GHz is a double beam split left and right, the horizontal lobe width of each beam is reduced to 8 degrees, and the vertical lobe widths are respectively 36 degrees and 35 degrees. The dual-frequency dual-mode characteristic enables the micro-strip array antenna to have the characteristics of high vertical radiation coverage area, high horizontal radiation directivity and high horizontal radiation coverage area.
3) The U-shaped groove arranged on each metal radiation patch realizes impedance matching of two frequency bands, can reduce the reflection coefficient of the antenna during resonance, and meets the requirement of antenna impedance matching.
4) The dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip array antenna adopts the Rogers RO4350B high-frequency material as two dielectric layers and adopts the Rogers RO4450F as a middle bonding layer (prepreg layer), so that the dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip array antenna is easy to process.
5) The feed network layer is positioned on the lower surface of the second dielectric layer, and external excitation is distributed to each metal radiation patch according to a preset proportion, so that power unequal feed is realized. Compared with equal feeding, the directional diagram obtained by the unequal feeding mode has lower side lobe level, so that the dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip array antenna has good performance.
6) The dual-frequency dual-mode microstrip antenna array has the advantages of simple structure, low profile, dual-frequency dual-mode operation, low side lobe, high gain, large coverage vertical angle and the like, and has good application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. A microstrip array antenna is characterized by comprising a radiation patch layer, a first dielectric layer, a first metal grounding layer, a prepreg layer, a second metal grounding layer, a second dielectric layer and a feed network layer which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and further comprising a plurality of feed probes;
the radiation patch layer is provided with N1 multiplied by N2 radiation patches with the same structural shape to form an N1 multiplied by N2 antenna array; each radiation patch is provided with 2 rectangular grooves and 1U-shaped groove, the two rectangular grooves are arranged on the radiation patches in axial symmetry by using the central shaft of the radiation patch, the U-shaped groove is arranged on the central shaft and is close to one side of the radiation patch, and the opening of the U-shaped groove faces to the side opposite to one side of the radiation patch; n1 multiplied by N2 feed connection points are arranged on the radiation patch layer, and each feed connection point is positioned below the corresponding U-shaped groove;
the number of the feed probes is N1 multiplied by N2, and N1 multiplied by N2 holes for the feed probes to pass through are formed in the first dielectric layer, the first metal grounding layer, the prepreg layer, the second metal grounding layer and the second dielectric layer; the feed network layer is provided with an excitation port, a plurality of power dividers and N1 XN 2 feed output ends, the excitation port is used for being connected with an external excitation signal, and each feed output end is connected to a corresponding feed connection point on the radiation patch through a corresponding feed probe.
2. The microstrip array antenna of claim 1, wherein some of the plurality of power dividers are equal division power dividers, and the remaining power dividers are unequal division power dividers.
3. The microstrip array antenna of claim 2, wherein the N1 x N2 antenna array is a 2 x 8 antenna array;
each power divider comprises 1 input end and 2 output ends, and the plurality of power dividers comprise 1 first-stage power divider, 2 second-stage power dividers, 4 third-stage power dividers and 8 fourth-stage power dividers; the input end of the first-level power divider is connected with the excitation port, 2 output ends of the first-level power divider are respectively connected with the input ends of 2 second-level power dividers, each output end of each second-level power divider is connected with the input end of 1 third-level power divider, each output end of each third-level power divider is connected with the input end of 1 fourth-level power divider, and each output end of each fourth-level power divider is respectively connected with 2 x 8 feed output ends of the feed network layer; the first-stage power divider and the third-stage power divider are equal power dividers, and the second-stage power divider and the fourth-stage power divider are unequal power dividers.
4. The microstrip array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating patches are rectangular patches, each radiating patch having a width of 5.6mm and a length of 6.45 mm.
5. The microstrip array antenna according to claim 4, wherein the long side of the rectangular slot is parallel to the broad side of the radiating patch, and the central axis is a central axis parallel to the broad side of the rectangular slot; the length of the rectangular groove is 1mm, and the width of the rectangular groove is 0.3 mm; one side of the radiation patch is one long side of the radiation patch, the distance between one rectangular groove and the two long sides of the radiation patch is 1.8mm and 2.8mm respectively, and the distance between one rectangular groove and the two wide sides of the radiation patch is 0.425mm and 5.725mm respectively.
6. The microstrip array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating patch is a rectangular patch, and the U-shaped slot has a length of 1.635mm and a width of 0.95 mm; the distance between the U-shaped groove and two broadsides of the radiation patch is 2.75mm, and the distance between the U-shaped groove and one side of the radiation patch is 0.365 mm.
7. The microstrip array antenna of claim 1, wherein the radiating patch is a rectangular patch, and the radiating patch layer has a length of 93mm, a width of 36mm, and a height of 0.61 mm; the N1 multiplied by N2 antenna array is a 2 multiplied by 8 antenna array, and the wide side of the radiation patch is parallel to the long side of the radiation patch layer; 8 radiation patches are distributed in each row along the long edge direction of the radiation patch layer, and the distance between every two adjacent radiation patches in the 8 radiation patches in one row is 9.55 mm; in the broadside direction along radiation paster layer, 2 radiation paster of laying in every row, the distance between 2 radiation paster of a row is 11 mm.
8. The microstrip array antenna of claim 1, wherein the first dielectric layer, the prepreg layer, and the second dielectric layer have a hole radius equal to the radius of the feed probe, and the first metal ground layer and the second metal ground layer have a hole radius larger than the radius of the feed probe.
9. The microstrip array antenna of claim 5, wherein the feed probe has a radius of 0.15mm and the first and second metal ground layers have a hole radius of 0.35 mm.
10. The microstrip array antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer are both made of Rogers RO4350B, and the prepreg layer is made of Rogers RO 4450F; the thicknesses of the first dielectric layer, the prepreg layer and the second dielectric layer are respectively 0.254mm, 0.102mm and 0.254 mm.
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