CN114766587A - Fermented feed and efficient application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets - Google Patents
Fermented feed and efficient application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/60—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for weanlings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a fermented feed and an efficient application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets. The fermented feed comprises the following components: feed mulberry powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula and nutritional raw materials. The fermented feed and the efficient application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets provided by the invention have the effects of preventing and treating piglet diarrhea, improving piglet immunity and the like, filter residues contain a large amount of beneficial bacteria, can directly participate in the barrier effect of animal intestinal tracts, competitively inhibit the field planting and growth and breeding of pathogenic microorganisms, and can also be used as mycoprotein to provide nutrition; the fermented filter residue has a soft structure, and is beneficial to fully utilizing fibers and active ingredients in the sow, so that the intestinal health of the sow is improved, constipation is improved, the physique is effectively improved, and the reproductive performance is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of pig feeding, in particular to a fermented feed and an efficient application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets.
Background
The mulberry is a traditional medicinal and edible plant in China, is rich in various nutrients and functional components, has physiological activities of resisting bacteria, viruses and tumors, reducing blood sugar and blood fat and the like, and shows good feeding functions of improving the quality of livestock and poultry meat, enhancing the body resistance and the like in the field of livestock and poultry breeding in recent years. The feed mulberry is a mulberry variety developed and popularized aiming at the high-efficiency application of mulberry leaves on livestock and poultry, has double characteristics of nutrition supply and pharmacological activity, and is more remarkable in that the feed mulberry and the whole branches are used as feed raw materials, the feed mulberry and the branches are suitable for continuous large-scale planting, mechanical harvesting and processing are realized, the yield is high for more than one year, continuous and stable supply can be realized, and industrial development and application are realized, at present, the feed mulberry powder obtained by large-scale planting, drying and crushing is sold at 2800 yuan/ton, the feed mulberry powder is economic and efficient functional feed raw materials, and a compound traditional Chinese medicine formula is used as a functional feed raw material or additive, so that the feed mulberry is an effective way for realizing the high-efficiency feeding and the high-efficiency and healthy breeding of the livestock and poultry under the antibiotic-free breeding.
Biological fermentation is an important way for preparing traditional Chinese medicines, and during the fermentation process, microorganisms generate a large amount of enzyme systems to destroy the structure of plant cell walls, so that active components such as phenolic acid, flavone, isoflavone aglycone and the like combined with the cell walls and active components in cells are fully released; in addition, various enzymes secreted by the microorganisms can perform modification and conversion such as oxidation, esterification, methylation, acetylation and the like on alkaloids and flavonoids, so that the biological activity is improved or the intestinal absorption is facilitated.
The management of sows and piglets is a key link in the production of the pig industry, in large-scale breeding, the sows are easy to constipation due to the reasons of lack of motion for a long time, rectal compression by enlarged uteruses, hormone change in vivo, limited feeding, insufficient drinking water and the like, and are particularly serious in the middle and later periods of pregnancy and postpartum periods, so that the sows are easy to produce dystocia or produce stillbirth, the lactation is influenced, the reproductive performance is reduced and the like, in addition, the sows in the gestation period and the lactation period are poor in physical quality, and in order to achieve or restore good reproductive performance, the nutrition and health-care medicines are required to be additionally supplemented. The piglets are easy to suffer from diarrhea due to low immunity such as weaning stress, incomplete intestinal development and the like, and the diarrhea is also the most important reason for causing the death of the piglets, so that the development of products with the effects of controlling and preventing the diarrhea of the piglets, improving the body resistance and the like by utilizing the traditional Chinese medicine theory and medicinal plant resources has important significance.
Therefore, there is a need to provide a fermented feed and a method for efficiently applying the fermented feed to breeding of sows and piglets to solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fermented feed and an efficient application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets, and effectively solves the problems that the sows are easy to suffer from constipation, the constitutions of pregnancy and postpartum are poor, the postpartum recovery is slow, the reproductive performance is reduced and the like, and the piglets are low in immunity due to weaning stress, incomplete intestinal development and the like.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fermented feed which comprises the following components: the feed comprises mulberry powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula and nutritional raw materials, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine formula comprises radix bupleuri, cassia twig, white paeony root, snakegourd fruit, cowherb seed, immature bitter orange, rhizoma atractylodis, dried orange peel, mangnolia officinalis, bighead atractylodes rhizome, ligusticum chuanxiong hort, poria cocos, rhizoma alismatis, radix rehmanniae and moutan bark; the nutritional raw materials comprise 50% of bran, 30% of soybean meal, 10% of molasses, 9% of ammonium sulfate and 1% of monopotassium phosphate.
Preferably, the fermented feed is prepared by the following steps: s1 fermentation process: s11: adding the compound bacteria, molasses, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water with the amount 15 times that of the molasses, and rejuvenating the strains at 25-30 deg.C for 20-30 h; s12: according to the weight of the fermentation materials, calculating the water amount used for fermentation according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:1.05, adding supplemented water into the rejuvenated bacterial liquid, and fully stirring; s13: mixing fodder mulberry, Chinese medicinal powder, bran and soybean meal, adding water containing bacteria liquid for fermentation, stirring, packaging into special fermentation breathing bag, sealing with sealing machine, and fermenting at 33 deg.C for 65 hr; s14: separating filtrate and filter residue according to an extraction process; s15: fermenting the filter residue again: adding 500g of Aspergillus niger spore powder into each ton of the centrifuged filter residue, mixing the Aspergillus niger spore powder and corn flour uniformly, spraying the mixture into the centrifuged filter residue layer by layer, fermenting at 25-32 ℃ for 4-6 days, drying the fermented filter residue under reduced pressure and vacuum, pulverizing, and adding into sow feed at a ratio of 2-4%.
S2 extraction process: s21 fermenting, wherein the ratio of material to liquid is 1: 15 extracting for 2h at 40 ℃ and 180rpm/min by shaking, then primarily filtering the filtrate through 4 layers of gauze, centrifuging primary filter residue at 1500rpm/min by using a centrifuge to obtain filtrate and filter residue again, and combining the two filtrates for piglets.
Preferably, the compound bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis 10 added in each kilogram of fermentation raw materials6cfu, Bacillus licheniformis 106cfu, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 107cfu, Lactobacillus plantarum 107cfu, Clostridium butyricum 107cfu。
Preferably, the ratio of the aspergillus niger spore powder to the corn flour is 1: 100.
A high-efficiency application method of the fermented feed in breeding sows and piglets comprises the following steps: s3: putting the filtrate into a special doser for a pig farm, diluting the filtrate with water to adjust the dosage, and feeding with the water, S4: and fermenting the filter residue by using aspergillus niger and then directly feeding.
Preferably, the ratio of the filtrate to water is 1: 100.
Compared with the related technology, the fermented feed and the high-efficiency application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a fermented feed and an efficient application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets. The piglet has incomplete intestinal development and weak digestion and absorption capacity, is directly fed with feed mulberry and traditional Chinese medicine powder, is difficult to digest a large amount of crude fibers in the intestinal tract of the piglet and absorbs active ingredients from the crude fibers, has a certain drainage function, is directly fed to increase the gastrointestinal burden and aggravate piglet diarrhea, and after fermentation treatment by the scheme, components causing diarrhea, such as alkaloid in the feed mulberry and traditional Chinese medicine, are greatly converted by microorganisms, the alkaloid is a polyhydroxy piperidine alkane compound, has a structure similar to glucopyranose, is greatly consumed as a carbon source in the fermentation process, and the extracted filtrate contains a large amount of active probiotics, water-soluble protein and various active components in the formula of the feed mulberry and the traditional Chinese medicine, so that the piglet diarrhea prevention and treatment effect, the piglet immunity improvement effect and the like are achieved. The filter residue contains a large amount of beneficial bacteria, can directly participate in the barrier action of animal intestinal tracts, competitively inhibits the field planting and growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, and can also be used as mycoprotein to provide nutrition; the fermented filter residue has a soft structure, and is beneficial to fully utilizing fibers and active ingredients in the sow, so that the intestinal health of the sow is improved, constipation is improved, the physique is effectively improved, and the reproductive performance is improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
A fermented feed comprises the following components: the feed comprises feed mulberry powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula and nutritional raw materials, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine formula comprises radix bupleuri, cassia twig, radix paeoniae alba, trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, cowherb seed, immature bitter orange, rhizoma atractylodis, dried orange peel, mangnolia officinalis, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, ligusticum chuanxiong hort, poria cocos, rhizoma alismatis, radix rehmanniae and moutan bark, the nutritional raw materials comprise bran, bean pulp, molasses, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the content of each component of the nutritional raw materials is 50% of the bran, 30% of the bean pulp, 10% of the molasses, 9% of the ammonium sulfate and 1% of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The fermented feed is prepared by the following steps: s1 fermentation process: s11: adding the compound bacteria, molasses, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water with the amount 15 times that of the molasses, and rejuvenating the strains at 25-30 deg.C for 20-30 h; s12: according to the weight of the fermentation materials, calculating the water amount used for fermentation according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:1.05, adding supplemented water into the rejuvenated bacterial liquid, and fully stirring; s13: mixing fodder mulberry, Chinese medicinal powder, bran and soybean meal, adding water containing bacteria liquid for fermentation, stirring, packaging into special fermentation breather bag, directly sealing with sealing machine, and fermenting at 33 deg.C for 65 hr; s14: separating filtrate and filter residue according to an extraction process; s15: fermenting the filter residue again: adding 500g of Aspergillus niger spore powder into each ton of the centrifuged filter residue, mixing the Aspergillus niger spore powder and corn flour, spraying the mixture into the centrifuged filter residue layer by layer, fermenting at 25-32 deg.C for 4-6 days, vacuum drying the fermented filter residue under reduced pressure, pulverizing, and adding into sow feed at a ratio of 2-4%.
S2 extraction process: the fermented material of S21 is prepared by mixing the following raw materials in a ratio of 1: 15 extracting for 2h at 40 ℃ and 180rpm/min by shaking, then primarily filtering the filtrate through 4 layers of gauze, centrifuging primary filter residue at 1500rpm/min by using a centrifuge to obtain filtrate and filter residue again, and combining the two filtrates for piglets.
The compound bacteria comprises bacillus subtilis 10 added in per kilogram of fermentation raw material6cfu, Bacillus licheniformis 106cfu, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 107cfu, Lactobacillus plantarum 107cfu, Clostridium butyricum 107cfu。
The ratio of the Aspergillus niger spore powder to the corn flour is 1: 100.
A high-efficiency application method of the fermented feed in breeding sows and piglets comprises the following steps: s3: putting the filtrate into a special doser for a pig farm, diluting the filtrate with water to adjust the dosage, and feeding with the water, S4: and fermenting and filtering residues by using aspergillus niger and then directly feeding.
The ratio of the filtrate to water was 1: 100.
Compared with the related technology, the fermented feed and the high-efficiency application method thereof in breeding sows and piglets have the following beneficial effects:
because the intestinal tract of piglets is imperfect in development and weak in digestion and absorption capacity, the piglets are directly fed with feed mulberry and traditional Chinese medicine powder, the intestinal tracts of the piglets are difficult to digest a large amount of crude fibers and absorb active ingredients from the crude fibers, the feed mulberry has a certain leakage guide effect, the direct feeding increases the gastrointestinal burden and aggravates the diarrhea of the piglets, after the fermentation treatment is carried out by the scheme, components causing the diarrhea, such as alkaloid in the feed mulberry and traditional Chinese medicine, are greatly converted by microorganisms, the alkaloid is a polyhydroxy piperidine alkane compound and has a structure similar to that of glucopyranose, the alkaloid is greatly consumed as a carbon source in the fermentation process, and the extracted filtrate contains a large amount of active probiotics and water-soluble protein which are generated in the fermentation process and a plurality of active components in the feed mulberry and traditional Chinese medicine formula, so that the piglet diarrhea prevention and the piglet immunity improvement effects are achieved. The filter residue contains a large amount of beneficial bacteria, can directly participate in the barrier effect of animal intestinal tracts, competitively inhibits the field planting and growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms, and can also be used as mycoprotein to provide nutrition; the fermented filter residue has a soft structure, and is beneficial to fully utilizing fibers and active ingredients in the sow, so that the intestinal health of the sow is improved, constipation is improved, the physique is effectively improved, and the reproductive performance is improved.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes performed by the present invention or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are also included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The fermented feed is characterized by comprising the following components: the feed comprises feed mulberry powder, a traditional Chinese medicine formula and nutritional raw materials, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine formula comprises radix bupleuri, cassia twig, radix paeoniae alba, trichosanthes kirilowii maxim, cowherb seed, immature bitter orange, rhizoma atractylodis, dried orange peel, mangnolia officinalis, rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, ligusticum chuanxiong hort, poria cocos, rhizoma alismatis, radix rehmanniae and cortex moutan, the nutritional raw materials comprise bran, bean pulp, molasses, ammonium sulfate and monopotassium phosphate, and the content of each component of the nutritional raw materials is 50% of bran, 30% of bean pulp, 10% of molasses, 9% of ammonium sulfate and 1% of monopotassium phosphate.
2. The fermented feed according to claim 1, wherein the fermented feed is prepared by the following steps:
s1 fermentation process: s11: adding the compound bacteria, molasses, ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate into water 15 times of the amount of molasses, and rejuvenating the strain at 25-30 deg.C for 20-30 hr; s12: according to the weight of the fermentation materials, calculating the water amount used for fermentation according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:1.05, adding supplemented water into the rejuvenated bacterial liquid, and fully stirring; s13: mixing fodder mulberry, Chinese medicinal powder, bran and soybean meal, adding water containing bacteria liquid for fermentation, stirring, packaging into special fermentation breather bag, directly sealing with sealing machine, and fermenting at 33 deg.C for 65 hr; s14: separating filtrate and filter residue according to an extraction process; s15: and fermenting the filter residue again: adding 500g of Aspergillus niger spore powder into each ton of the centrifuged filter residue, mixing the Aspergillus niger spore powder and corn flour uniformly, spraying the mixture in layers on the centrifuged filter residue, fermenting at 25-32 ℃ for 4-6 days, drying the fermented filter residue under reduced pressure and vacuum, pulverizing, and adding into sow feed at a ratio of 2-4%;
s2 extraction process: s21 fermenting, wherein the ratio of material to liquid is 1: 15 extracting for 2h at 40 ℃ and 180rpm/min by shaking, then primarily filtering the filtrate through 4 layers of gauze, centrifuging primary filter residue at 1500rpm/min by using a centrifuge to obtain filtrate and filter residue again, and combining the two filtrates for piglets.
3. The fermented feed according to claim 2, wherein the complex bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis 10 added per kg of fermentation raw material6cfu, Bacillus licheniformis 106cfu, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 107cfu, Lactobacillus plantarum 107cfu, Clostridium butyricum 107cfu。
4. The fermented feed according to claim 2, wherein the ratio of the aspergillus niger spore powder to the corn flour is 1: 100.
5. A method for efficiently applying a fermented feed to breeding sows and piglets, which comprises the fermented feed as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, and is characterized by further comprising the following steps: s3: putting the filtrate into a special doser for a pig farm, diluting the filtrate with water to adjust the dosage, and feeding with the water, S4: and fermenting the filter residue by using aspergillus niger and then directly feeding.
6. The efficient application method of the fermented feed in breeding sows and piglets as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the ratio of the filtrate to water is 1: 100.
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