CN114344273A - 一种治疗结核病及耐多药结核病的软胶囊制剂 - Google Patents
一种治疗结核病及耐多药结核病的软胶囊制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种软胶囊制剂,该制剂的原料配比为:(kg/每万粒)氯法齐明0.2~1;大豆油1~3.5;明胶2~3;甘油0.7~9.5;羟苯乙脂0.5~1.5;乙醇1~3;液体石蜡0.1~0.3;纯化水1.5~3;红氧化铁0.01~0.035;黑氧化铁0.003~0.005。本发明软胶囊治疗结核病以及耐多药结核病中有突出的效果。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及一种药物制剂,特别是涉及氯法齐明软胶囊制剂。
背景技术
氯法齐明,英文名:Clofazimin,化学名称:10-(对-氯苯基)-2,10-二氢-3-(对-氯苯氨基)-2-异丙亚氨基吩嗪,分子式:C27H22Cl2N4,分子量:473.40,结构式:
性状:为棕红色至红褐色的结晶或结晶性粉末;无臭;在三氯甲烷中溶解,在乙醚中微溶,乙醇中极微溶,在水中不溶。该化合物为抗麻风病药,对麻风杆菌、溃疡分枝杆菌有强力的抑制和杀灭作用。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种氯法齐明软胶囊制剂,本发明目的是通过如下技术方案实现的。
本发明软胶囊的原料配比为:(kg/每万粒)
氯法齐明0.2~1
大豆油1~3.5
明胶2~3
甘油0.7~9.5
羟苯乙脂0.5~1.5
乙醇1~3
液体石蜡0.1~0.3
纯化水1.5~3
红氧化铁0.01~0.035
黑氧化铁0.003~0.005
优选的原料配比为:
氯法齐明软胶囊为氯法齐明加精炼食用植物油研磨成细粉并调整浓度,混悬而成。适应症为耐药性结核病,麻风病等。通过评价氯法齐明对结核分枝杆菌标准株及耐药结核分枝杆菌临床株的体外活性、小鼠结核病模型的体内治疗作用观察进行其抗耐药性结核病的药效学研究。
实验例一、氯法齐明的体外抗结核分枝杆菌作用研究(一)、实验材料
1、菌株
结核分枝杆菌H37Rv(ATCC27294)为药物研究室保存菌株。30株耐药结核分枝杆菌均为国家结核病参比实验室保存菌株。
2、试剂
培养基:称取7H9培养基(美国Difico公司)4.7g,溶于900ml蒸水中,加入2.0ml甘油,121℃高压10min,待使用前加入10%体积的ADC(albumin dextrosecatalase)。Alamarblue:Setotec公司产品,4℃避光保存。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)分析纯,成都化学试剂厂产品。
(二)、实验药物
异烟肼(INH)、利福平(RFP)、为Sigma公司产品;氯法齐明(Cz)。INH用灭菌蒸馏水溶解,RFP、CFZ用二甲基亚砜溶解,充分溶解后以0.22um滤膜过滤,一直80℃保存。
(三)、实验方法
无菌96孔板(Falcon3072;Becton Dickinson,Lincoln Park,N.J.),200ul灭菌水加入96孔板的四周边的各孔中,以防止培养过程中各实验孔的成分蒸发。以DMSO或灭菌蒸馏水溶解制成药物的初浓度,用7H9培养基(不含吐温-80)稀释为所需的各二倍浓度,加入无菌96孔板100ul,测定对H37RV MIC的各药物终浓度分别为:INH:0.0125、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4ug/ml;RFP:0.0125、0.025、0.05、0.1、0.2、0.4ug/ml;CLF:0.03、0.06、0.12、0.24、0.48、0.96、1.92ug/ml。
测定对耐多药结核分枝杆菌临床分离株的MIC的各药物终浓度分别为:INH:1、5、10、20、40ug/ml;RFP:1、5、10、20、40ug/ml;CLF:0.06、0.12、0.24、0.48、0.96、1.92、3.84ug/ml。选取上述菌株的培养物制成菌悬液,接种到含0.05%,吐温80、10%ADC的7H9培养基中,37℃静止培养1~2周,生长至浊度为McFarland 1(相当于107CFU/ml)
时,1:20稀释后,加入各孔100ul,菌液的终浓度106CFU/ml。每板均设2个不含抗菌药的生长对照孔,96孔板于37℃孵育。5天后加入生长对照孔20ul 10xAlamar blue和5%Tween80 50ul的混合液,37℃孵育24小时,如果颜色从蓝色变为粉色,则在各实验药物的孔内加入上述量的Alamarblue和Tween80混合液,37℃孵育24小时记录各孔的颜色,蓝色孔为无生长,粉红色孔为有生长,紫红色孔再继续37℃培养24小时,不变为粉红色,其相连的蓝色孔仍为蓝色,则记录为有生长。最低抑菌浓度(MIC)定义为阻止颜色变化(从蓝色变为粉红色)的最低药物浓度。
(四)、结果
1、CFZ对结核分枝杆菌H37Rv的MIC
采用微孔板Alamarblue(MABA)法以Cfz对结核分枝杆菌标准菌株的MIC进行了测定,MIC为0.12u/ml,而INH为0.025~0.05μg/ml,RFP为0.015~0.125ug/ml。
2、CFZ对耐药结核分枝杆菌的MIC
对30株耐多药菌株的MIC进行了测定,结果发现Cz的MIC范围为0.12-1.96ug/ml,有21株在0.12-0.48μg/ml之间,9株在0.96-1.96之间:INH的MIC范围为10-40ug/ml;RFP的MIC范围为5-40ug/ml,26株>40ug/ml,由此可见,与异烟肼利福平相比,氯法齐明对耐多药菌株的MIC均分布在较低范围内,显示了很好的对耐药结核分枝杆菌活性。见表1
表1氯法齐明与异烟腓和利福平对耐多药菌株的MIC(ug/ml)
注:CFZ,氯法齐明;INH,异烟肼;RFP,利福平。
实验例二、氯法齐明对标准菌株感染小鼠的抗结核治疗作用研究
(一)实验材料
1、菌株:结核分枝杆菌H37Rv(ATCC27294)为本研究室保存菌株。
2、试剂:培养基:称取7H9培养基(美国Difico公司)4.7g,溶于900ml蒸馏水中,加入2.0ml甘油,121C高压10min,待使用前加入0.1体积分数的ADC营养添加剂(albumindextrose catalase)。Alamar blue:Setotec公司产品,4C避光保存。二甲基亚砜(DMSO)分析纯,成都化学试剂厂产品。
3、动物:SPF级6~8周龄雌性BALB/C小鼠36只,体重为18~20g;购自首都医科大学实验动物中心。
4、药物:异烟肼(INH)、为Sigma公司产品;氯法齐明(Cfz)
(二)小鼠结核病模型的建立及治疗
1、小鼠静脉感染结核分枝杆菌:
选取结核分枝杆菌H37Rv2~3周的培养物制成浓度为5x 10-CFU/ml的菌悬液,36只雌性BALB/C小鼠尾静脉注射0.2ml/只,感染菌量为1x10*CFU/只。感染后饲养于25℃恒温负压感染动物房内。
2、抗结核治疗
于感染后第2天解剖6只小鼠以提供脾重、肺重及活菌数的基础值。将其余小鼠随机分成5组,每组6只。并于感染后第二天开始给药:空白对照组(0.5%CMC);INH组(阳性对照组):25mg/kg,每周给药5次;Cfz-1组:20mg/kg,每周给药5次;Cfz-2组:10mg/kg,每周给药5次;Cfz-3组:20mg/kg,每周给药2次:;INH和Cfz均应用0.5%CMC(羟甲基纤维素钠)制成混悬液灌胃给药,给药至感染后30天。
3、观察指标
最后1次给药后的次日,将各组小鼠处死,进行小鼠脾、肺活菌计数。活菌计数方法:记录小鼠体重,无菌操作下解剖,取脾、肺,小鼠全脾、肺分别匀浆,加入生理盐水制成组织混悬液,分别取小鼠牌、肺的组织混悬液系列10倍稀释,取0.1ml接种于改良罗氏培养基,各样品的各浓度接种3支,37℃培养4周。观察细菌生长情况,计算活菌数(CFU)。
4、统计分析:应用双单侧t检验对各组数据进行统计学处理。
(三)结果
1、整个感染及治疗期间小鼠未出现死亡。治疗7天左右Cfz-1组小鼠开始出现双耳及胸腹部皮毛淡红色,治疗30天至结束实验时Cfz-1组(总剂量:400mg/kg)、Cfz-2组(总剂量:200mg/kg)及Cfz-3组(总剂量:160mg/kg)小鼠均出现双耳及胸腹部皮毛染色,Cfz-1组最明显。解剖时可见:Cfz-1组、Cfz-2组及Cfz-3组小鼠胸腹腔的器官着色(pigmentation),Cfz-1组最明显。
2、体重、脾重和肺重情况:小鼠感染的第二天,平均体重20.88±0.17g,平均脾重0.07±0.01g,平均肺重0.15±0.05g,脾重指数0.003±0.002g,肺重指数0.007±0.002g。感染30天后未治疗组的小鼠体重、脾重、肺重分别为24.09±1.84g、0.46±0.07g、0.241±0.02g。脾重指数和肺重指数分别为0.019±0.0016g和0.010±0.0007g,均有明显增加。各治疗组的小鼠体重与空自对照组无明显差别,但在脾重、肺重及脾重指数、肺重指数均上均低于空白对照组,且具有显著性差异(P<0.01),见表2。
表2结核病模型小鼠治疗30天各组体重、脾重和肺重情况
注:*P<0.01,与空白对照组相比。
3、活菌计数情况:感染的第二天,小鼠全牌活菌数为5.610±.14lgnoCFU,感染30增加到7.14±0.07log10CFU。INH组脾活菌数较空白对照组下降3.56log10CFU,Cfz-1组下降2.25log10CFU,而Cfz-2组和Ci2-3组均下降1.57log10CFU。各治疗组与空白对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。具体数据见表1。感染的第二天,小鼠全肺活菌数为5.24±0.23log10CFU,感染30天增加到8.07±0.01log10CFU。INH组脾活菌数较空白对照组下降4.68log10CFU;Cfz-1组下降2.92log10CFU,Cfz-2组下降1.78log10CFU,Cfz-3组下降1.39log10CFU。各治疗组与空白对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.01),见表3。
表3结核病模型小鼠治疗30天各组的活菌计数情况(log10CFU)
组别 | 只数 | 全脾活菌数 | 全肺活菌数 |
空白对照 | 6 | 7.14±0.07 | 8.07±0.01* |
INH | 6 | 3.58±0.15* | 3.39±0.64* |
Cfz-1 | 6 | 4.89±0.21* | 5.15±0.50* |
Cfz-2 | 6 | 5.57±0.29* | 6.29±0.34* |
Cfz-3 | 6 | 5.57±0.30* | 6.68±0.23* |
注:*P<0.01,与空白对照组相比。
实验例三、氯法齐明单药或联合化疗治疗小鼠耐多药结核病的研究
(一)材料和方法
1、实验菌株:耐药结核分枝杆菌临床分离菌株2931(01患者)。01号患者敏感的药物有:链霉素、乙胺丁醇、卡那霉素、卷曲霉素和丁胺卡那霉素;低度耐药的有:对氨基水杨酸钠、氧氟沙星和左氧氟沙星;高度耐药的有异烟肼、利福平、丙硫异烟胺和利福布汀。
2、实验动物:雌性BALB/C小鼠,体重18-20克,购自首都医科大学实验动物中心。
3、实验药物:实验药物的名称、批号、生产厂家见表4。
表4实验药物的名称、批号、生产厂家
(二)实验方法:
1、实验动物分组:小鼠感染后随机分为下述4组,每组6只。1组:空白对照组;2组:氯法齐明20mg/kg;3组:莫西沙星组100mg/kg;4组:联合化疗组(Cfz+CIr+Lfx+Am+PAS+EMB)剂量分别为:Cfz:20mg/kg;CIr:200mg/kg,PAS:750mg/kg,Lfx:200mg/kg,Am:150mg/kg。此方案与01号患者的化疗方案一致。
2、感染动物模型的建立:通过尾静脉注射法感染小鼠,攻毒菌液浓度25*105cfu/ml(0.2mI/只),攻入菌量5*105cfu,形成感染动物模型。
3、抗结核治疗及给药途径:于感染后24小时开始给药治疗,丁胺卡那霉素采用蒸馏水溶解皮下注射给药,其余药物采用CMC溶解灌胃给药。于感染后24小时处死解剖基线组小鼠;治疗60天后,处死,解剖各组实验小鼠。
4、观察指标:观察小鼠病变情况,评估疾病状况,记录重量值以及对肺组织进行cfu计数。
5、对各组数据进行统计学分析,根据统计学差异的有无,综合其他实验指标,评估氯法齐明在小鼠体内对耐药结核的治疗作用以及联合用药时的治疗作用情况。
(三)结果
1、整个感染及治疗期间小鼠未出现死亡。联合化疗组小鼠皮毛色泽鲜艳,活动度好,氯法齐明组皮毛色泽较联合化疗组色泽稍暗淡,空白对照组皮毛色泽暗,活动度差。解剖时肉眼病变的观察:联合治疗组和氯法齐明组肺部病变较对照组明显减轻,而莫西沙星组肺部病变较对照组变化不明显,肉眼可见小鼠肺组织大小不等的结核结节。空白对照组结核病变更加明显。治疗7天左右小鼠双耳及胸腹部皮毛开始变为淡红色,至治疗14天上述表现更加明显,治疗60天解剖时见小鼠胸腹腔的器官着色。
2、联合化疗组在治疗60天后,活菌计数较空白对照组明显下降3.9log10CFU,氯法齐明组也较空白对照组下降2.32log10CFU,见表5。
表5耐多药结核病模型小鼠治疗60天各组的活菌计数情况(log10CFU)
注:*P<0.01,与空白对照组相比。
在氯法齐明对结核分枝杆菌标准菌株的MIC和耐药菌株的MIC测定中显示氯法齐明对结核分枝杆菌标准菌株的MIC为0.12ug/ml,对30株耐药结核分枝杆菌的MIC范围为0.12-1.96ug/ml,显示对耐多药结核分枝杆菌敏感(MICs≤2.0ug/ml),具有活性。
本研究通过对小鼠感染结核杆菌的4周治疗效果看,氯法齐明显示了较好的抗结核分枝杆菌的效果,但在小鼠结核病治疗模型中显示,氯法齐明抗结核的活性虽然不如异烟肼,但可以将小鼠肺脏中的结核分枝杆菌降低1.8~2.9Log10CFU,脾脏中降低1.5~2.5Log10CFU,表明具有较好的体内抗结核作用。氯法齐明还具有消除半衰期长1.5~2.5Log10CFU,表明具有较好的体内抗结核作用。氯法齐明还具有消除半衰期长的特点,单次给药消除半衰期约为10日,连续给药消除半衰期至少为70日,本研究设计了不同剂量及给药频率的治疗方案,结果显示氯法齐明存在药效剂量相关性,20mg/kg每周给药5次的治疗效果明显优于10mg/kg每周给药5次。而20mg/kg每周给药2次(总剂量160mg/kg)的治疗效果与10mg/kg每周给药5次(总剂量200mg/kg)相似,这为间歇用药提供基础实验依据,故在临床应用中应推荐使用间歇给药的方式。
我们从本研究的临床患者(编号01)结核分枝杆菌培养得到的临床耐多药菌株,感染小鼠,获得耐多药结核病的小鼠感染模型。01号患者敏感的药物有:链霉素、乙胺丁醇、卡那霉素、卷曲霉素和丁胺卡那霉素;低度耐药的有:对氨基水杨酸钠、氧氟沙星和左氧氟沙星:高度耐药的有异烟肼、利福平、丙硫异烟胺和利福布汀。因此,该患者选择的治疗方案为Cfz+CIr+Lfx+Am+PAS+EMB等6药抗结核治疗,在动物模型中联合化疗方案与患者临床所用的化疗方案完全一致,且在动物耐多药结核病模型中取得了较好的效果。
联合化疗组和氯法齐明单药组在治疗60天后,小鼠的形态、活动度以及皮毛的色泽均较对照组好,尤其是联合化疗组效果更好,莫西沙星组较差。从肺的解剖标本尚可以看到,肺表面光滑,未看到结核结节,氯法齐明单药组亦未看到明显的结核结节,而在莫西沙星组肺的表面有许多结核结节,而对照组则更是明显,氯法齐明的抗结核活性再次得到了证明。在肺活菌计数方面,联合化疗组的CFU明显降低,logroCFU较空白对照组明显下降3.9log10CFU,氯法齐明组也较对照组下降2.32log10CFU,但莫西沙星组未显示明显的抗结核活性,目前尚未有氯法齐明联合治疗小鼠耐药结核病的报道。
实施例1氯法齐明软胶囊
原料为(kg/每万粒):
按照常规方法制成软胶囊。
本发明软胶囊的原料配比为:(kg/每万粒)
实施例2氯法齐明软胶囊
原料为(kg/每万粒):
按照常规方法制成软胶囊。
实施例3氯法齐明软胶囊
原料为(kg/每万粒):
按照常规方法制成软胶囊。
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