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CN103636540B - A kind of ecological early breeding method of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond greenhouse - Google Patents

A kind of ecological early breeding method of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond greenhouse Download PDF

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CN103636540B
CN103636540B CN201310696482.4A CN201310696482A CN103636540B CN 103636540 B CN103636540 B CN 103636540B CN 201310696482 A CN201310696482 A CN 201310696482A CN 103636540 B CN103636540 B CN 103636540B
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pond
water
parent
fry
greenhouse
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CN103636540A (en
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施永海
张海明
张根玉
谢永德
陆根海
刘建忠
徐嘉波
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Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station
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SHANGHAI AQUATIC PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION STATION
Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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Abstract

A kind of ecological early breeding method of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond greenhouse, it is related to the cultivation of knife long-tailed anchovy, the present invention is survived the winter by parent and reinforced cultivating, breed put in a suitable place to breed with parent, oppossum shrimp inoculation, daily management, fry estimate number and parent's removal production stage is constituted, it is characterized in that in January December to next year, when outer pool water temperature drop is to 78 DEG C, choose body surface without wound, health, 2 full age knife long-tailed anchovy adult fishes move into the greenhouse of pond as parent and survive the winter reinforced cultivating, parent population enters after canopy, 6 jin of exopalaemon carinicaudas of every mu of dispensing, are inoculated with oppossum shrimp;By the end of March to mid-April, water temperature is raised to 15 16 DEG C, and the parent's immigration ecology for selecting reinforcing of surviving the winter breeds pond, and fry growth and situation of ingesting are checked week about, according to food density in the situation of inspection adjustment water body;To mid or late June, with drawing in the net to remove parent, general every mu can move 1,000 2000 tail fries, fry specification to:The 10cm of total length 7, the 2.5g of body weight 1.8, this fry can be used as the seed cultivated.

Description

A kind of ecological early breeding method of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond greenhouse
Technical field
The present invention relates to-ecological early the propagating technology of cultivation, especially Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond greenhouse.
Background technology
Knife long-tailed anchovy (Coilia ectenes), category Clupeiformes, Anchovy sections, long-tailed anchovy category are commonly called as hairtail, rough cutter fish, Mao Huayu, beard Fish, tapertail anchovy.It is distributed mainly on the yellow Bohai Sea of China and the band of the East Sea one, all maritime rivers such as Liaohe River, Haihe River, the Yellow River, the Changjiang river, money Pool Jiang Junneng is seen, and it is famous with fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, is enjoy one of " the Changjiang river three delicacies " good reputation rare migratory Fish.In recent years, due to the influence of the factors such as overfishing and the deterioration of the ecological environment, Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River resource drastically declines Move back, and the market demand is growing on and on, or even to the awkward situation having price but no buyers, before and after the Clear and Bright of 2012, three liang or so specifications Knife long-tailed anchovy market price be up to 9000 yuan/jin.Cultivar replacing and structural adjustment with culture fishery, are used as special cultivation Kind, knife long-tailed anchovy is cultivated in view of its good economic value, edibility and biological characteristics have also obtained very big development.But mesh Before, the Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River culture-cycle is relatively long, generally requires 3-4, and mostly using extensive aquaculture model, cultivation density It is low, cause pond turnover rate and utilization rate low, the breeding of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond ecological and people under the natural normal temperature condition in Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces area Work breeding could start in mid or late May, and seed July that indoors artificial is bred is upper, the middle ten days starts to put the pool(Fry specification 4- 5cm), after about one month, to can just grow to the fry for drawing food mixed feed of 7-10cm specifications at the beginning of August.If can pass through Artificial regulatory does sth. in advance the artificial propagation of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River, is raced against time to shift to an earlier date seed pond-inputting, the winter fingerling specification of such 1st year It is larger, the culture-cycle of knife long-tailed anchovy can be shortened, the rate of capital turnover, the pond utilization rate of raiser during entirely cultivating can be also improved.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of ecological early breeding method of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond greenhouse.
Technical scheme is survived the winter by parent and reinforced cultivating, breed put in a suitable place to breed with parent, oppossum shrimp inoculation, daily pipe Reason, fry estimate number and parent removes production stage composition, it is characterized in that in January December to next year, outer pool water temperature drop is to 7-8 DEG C When, choose body surface and move into the greenhouse of pond survive the winter as parent without wound, health, 2 full ages knife long-tailed anchovy adult fish and strengthen training Educate, parent, which survives the winter, carries out pond desilting finishing into before canopy, and pond selects 2-3 mus of areas to be advisable, with the kg/ mus of dry method of quick lime 150 Clean up the pond sterilization, the Zhou Houke of fresh waterflood 1 puts fish, breeding density is 500-600 tails/mu, and parent population enters after canopy, with the speed in ‰/days of 1-3 Salinity is stepped up to 10%, water temperature is maintained at 9-16 DEG C, and every mu is delivered the exopalaemon carinicauda that 6 jin of specifications are 300-400 tails/jin, It is inoculated with oppossum shrimp;Bait throwing in daily 1 time, bait is shrimp pellet, mainly feeds and is ingested to exopalaemon carinicauda, each pond puts one 1.5Kw aerators, fine day noon start 1h, evening start 8-10h, bad weather then increases the available machine time, when water temperature in greenhouse Water is not changed during less than 10 DEG C, water is monthly changed at 11-12 DEG C 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water is no more than 20 %, at 13-16 DEG C every two weeks Change water 1 time, the % of water 30 is changed every time, when changing water, the water temperature difference inside and outside canopy is less than 5 DEG C;To mid or late March, pond greenhouse water salt Degree is progressively adjusted downward to 3-5 ‰ by changing fresh water with the speed in ‰/days of 1-3;To mid-April, water temperature is raised to 15-16 DEG C by the end of March, The parent for selecting reinforcing of surviving the winter moves into ecology and breeds pond, and sterilization of cleaning up the pond is cleaned up the pond sterilization with the kg/ mus of dry method of quick lime 150, is thoroughly disappeared Intake after poison, the Zhou Houke of water filling 1 puts fish, salinity is in 2-3 ‰, muzzle bilayer 60-120 mesh sieve tulles bag filtrations of intaking;Treat ecology Breed pool inner water temperature with the temperature difference in reinforced cultivating pond of surviving the winter to be less than after 1 DEG C, select the parent's immigration ecology bred and breed pond, Ask raun belly to slightly have to expand, milter can extrude a small amount of seminal fluid, selected parent must be operated with water, breeding density 15-20 tails/ Mu;It is oppossum shrimp to breed with the bait of knife long-tailed anchovy parent, and inoculation method is:With the mesh bag of 40-60 mesh in the pond of surviving the winter of oppossum shrimp resource Oppossum shrimp is fished in greenhouse, mesh bag will be screened after fishing for, reject exopalaemon carinicauda therein and the young, to avoid white shrimp from ingesting knife The ovum of long-tailed anchovy and fry, using repeatedly fishing for and being inoculated with a small quantity, during inoculation, open aerator, improve water body in pond in advance in pond Middle dissolved oxygen content, it is ensured that inoculation oppossum shrimp survival, oppossum shrimp inoculum concentration is 300-500 times of knife long-tailed anchovy parental number;Put in a suitable place to breed after parent, increase Oxygen machine fine day noon start 1h, evening start 5-8h, bad weather then increases the available machine time;Ecology is bred pool inner water temperature and kept not Less than 16 DEG C, to prevent fine day water temperature on daytime from raising too fast, more than 18 DEG C of water temperature, greenhouse two is removed and is aerated, typically to 5 When month last ten-days period, 24-25 DEG C of water temperature, greenhouse is removed, water is not changed in 1 month after putting in a suitable place to breed, typically starts to change water to mid-May, after Water is monthly changed 1 time, quantity of exchanged water general control is 20%, to keep the food organisms in pond, using 60-80 mesh guard pumping for water pump Water is changed, water inlet detected pond food organisms density 1 time using the filtering of bilayer 60-120 mesh mesh bag every 3-5 days, if finding bait Biological density be less than 10/L, to drag for and be supplemented in time into biological feed from external source pond, week about check fry growth and Ingest situation, while according to food density in the situation of inspection adjustment water body;Typically to mid or late June, drawn in the net with 20 mesh leather strap nets, Fry is checked, draws in the net to remove parent, it is to avoid parent can ingest fry, cause survival rate of fish fry low, general every mu can move 1000- to 2000 tail fries, fry specification:Total length 7-10cm, body weight 1.8-2.5g, now, fry can be used as the seed normally cultivated.
The present invention relative to prior art outstanding feature be create it is a set of include Juvenile stage, environment outfit, put in a suitable place to breed The period interdisciplinary science that density, bait are delivered, salinity and water temperature regulation and control and daily management regulate and control reasonably cultivates pattern, facilitates Knife long-tailed anchovy parent's sexual gland is done sth. in advance ripe and bred, and corresponding seed, which emerges, has done sth. in advance about 1 first quarter moon, it is ensured that can cultivate big rule then The fingerling of lattice, in mid or late November, the ecological early average body length of numerous fingerling is and general up to 18-20cm, body weight 25.0-26.0g The long 10-12cm of the average body of conventional fry, body weight 3.0-4.5g, can obtain the Second Year end of the year using ecological early numerous fingerling The ratio of city's specification is significantly improved, and can so shorten the Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River whole culture-cycle, is supported during can also improving whole cultivation Grow the rate of capital turnover, the pond utilization rate at family.The present invention is easy to operate, it is easy to is accepted and promotes.
Embodiment
1)Parent survives the winter and reinforced cultivating:In January December to next year, when outer pool water temperature drop is to 7-8 DEG C or so, body is chosen Table moves into the vinyl house of pond as parent without wound, health, 2 full ages knife long-tailed anchovy adult fish and carries out overwintering culture;Parent gets over Winter enters progress pond desilting finishing before canopy, and pond selects 2-3 mus of areas to be advisable, sterilization of being cleaned up the pond with the kg/ mus of dry method of quick lime 150, Water filling(Fresh water)1 Zhou Houke puts fish;Breeding density is 500-600 tails/mu, and parent population enters after canopy, with the speed in ‰/days of 1-3 progressively Elevated salinity is to 10%, and water temperature is maintained at 9-16 DEG C, 6 jin of small dimension exopalaemon carinicaudas of every mu of dispensing(Specification 300-400 tails/jin), It is inoculated with oppossum shrimp;Bait throwing in daily 1 time, bait is shrimp pellet, mainly feeds and is ingested to exopalaemon carinicauda;Put in each pond One 1.5Kw aerator, fine day noon start 1h, evening start 8-10h, bad weather then increases the available machine time;When in greenhouse Water temperature does not change water as far as possible when being less than 10 DEG C;At 11-12 DEG C, water is monthly changed 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water is no more than 20 %, 13-16 DEG C when, water is changed every two weeks 1 time, the % of water 30 is changed every time, when changing water, water temperature difference inside and outside canopy is less than 5 DEG C;Mid or late March is typically arrived, Pond greenhouse water salinity is progressively adjusted downward to 3-5 ‰ by changing fresh water with the speed in ‰/days of 1-3;
2)Breed and put in a suitable place to breed with parent:To by the end of March to mid-April, water temperature is raised to 15-16 DEG C in greenhouse, selects reinforcing of surviving the winter Parent move into ecology and breed pond, sterilization of cleaning up the pond is cleaned up the pond sterilization with the kg/ mu dry method of quick lime 150, water inlet after thorough disinfection(Salt Degree is in 2-3 ‰), the Zhou Houke of water filling 1 puts fish, muzzle bilayer 60-120 mesh sieve tulles bag filtrations of intaking;Pool inner water is bred etc. ecology Temperature is less than after 1 DEG C with the temperature difference in reinforced cultivating pond of surviving the winter, and selects to breed and breeds pond with parent's immigration ecology, it is desirable to which raun belly is omited Have and expand, milter can extrude a small amount of seminal fluid, selected parent must be operated with water, breeding density 15-20 tails/mu;
3)Oppossum shrimp is inoculated with:It is oppossum shrimp to breed with the bait of knife long-tailed anchovy parent, and inoculation method is:With the mesh bag of 40-60 mesh in chaff Oppossum shrimp is fished in the pond greenhouse of surviving the winter of shrimp resource, mesh bag must be screened after fishing for, reject exopalaemon carinicauda therein and The young, using repeatedly fishing for and be inoculated with a small quantity, during inoculation, opens aerator in advance in pond, improve in pond dissolved oxygen in water body Content, it is ensured that inoculation oppossum shrimp survival, oppossum shrimp inoculum concentration is 300-500 times of knife long-tailed anchovy parental number;
4)Daily management:Put in a suitable place to breed after parent, aerator fine day noon start 1h, evening start 5-8h, bad weather then increases Plus the available machine time;Ecology breeds pool inner water temperature and keeps being not less than 16 DEG C, to prevent fine day water temperature on daytime from raising too fast, 18 DEG C of water temperature More than, greenhouse two is removed and is aerated, typically to late May, during 24-25 DEG C of water temperature, removes greenhouse;After putting in a suitable place to breed in 1 month Water is not changed, typically starts to change water to mid-May, water is monthly changed later 1 time, quantity of exchanged water general control is 20% or so, to keep pond Interior food organisms, change water, water inlet is using the filtering of bilayer 60-120 mesh mesh bag using 60-80 mesh guard pumping for water pump;Every 3-5 Its detection pond food organisms density 1 time, if finding, food organisms density is less than 10/L, to be dragged for from external source pond into biology Bait is supplemented in time;Fry growth and situation of ingesting are checked week about, while close according to bait in the situation of inspection adjustment water body Degree;
5)Fry estimates number, parent and removed:Typically to mid or late June, with 20 mesh leather strap nets(Polythene net)Draw in the net, check fish Seedling, draws in the net to remove parent, general every mu can move 1000-2000 tail fries, fry specification to:Total length 7-10cm, body weight 1.8- 2.5g, now, fry can do sth. in advance about 1 first quarter moon than the conventional fry bred, bred routinely as the seed normally cultivated Under the conditions of, mid or late June fry total length also only has 2-5cm.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of ecological early breeding method of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond greenhouse, survived the winter by parent and reinforced cultivating, breed put in a suitable place to breed with parent, chaff Shrimp inoculation, daily management, fry estimate number and parent's removal production stage composition, it is characterized in that in January December to next year, Wai Tangshui When temperature drops to 7-8 DEG C, choose body surface and move into enter in the greenhouse of pond as parent without wound, health, 2 full ages knife long-tailed anchovy adult fish Capable reinforced cultivating of surviving the winter, parent, which survives the winter, carries out pond desilting finishing into before canopy, and pond selects 2-3 mus of areas to be advisable, uses quick lime 150 kg/ mus of dry method is cleaned up the pond sterilization, and the Zhou Houke of fresh waterflood 1 puts fish, and breeding density is 500-600 tails/mu, and parent population enters after canopy, with The speed in ‰/days of 1-3 is stepped up salinity to 10%, and water temperature is maintained at 9-16 DEG C, every mu deliver 6 jin of specifications be 300-400 tails/ The exopalaemon carinicauda of jin, is inoculated with oppossum shrimp;Bait throwing in daily 1 time, bait is shrimp pellet, mainly feeds and is ingested to exopalaemon carinicauda, Put a 1.5Kw aerator, fine day noon start 1h, evening start 8-10h, when bad weather then increases start in each pond Between, water is not changed when water temperature is less than 10 DEG C in greenhouse, water is monthly changed at 11-12 DEG C 1 time, each quantity of exchanged water is no more than 20 %, Water is changed at 13-16 DEG C every two weeks 1 time, the % of water 30 is changed every time, when changing water, the water temperature difference inside and outside canopy is less than 5 DEG C;Under in 3 months Ten days, pond greenhouse water salinity is progressively adjusted downward to 3-5 ‰ by changing fresh water with the speed in ‰/days of 1-3;To by the end of March in 4 months Ten days, water temperature is raised to 15-16 DEG C, and the parent's immigration ecology for selecting reinforcing of surviving the winter breeds pond, kg/ mus of sterilization quick lime 150 of cleaning up the pond Dry method is cleaned up the pond sterilization, is intake after thorough disinfection, and the Zhou Houke of water filling 1 puts fish, and salinity is in 2-3 ‰, muzzle bilayer 60-120 mesh of intaking Bolting silk net bag filtration;Pool inner water temperature is bred after ecology and is survived the winter after the temperature difference is less than 1 DEG C in reinforced cultivating pond, selects the parent bred This immigration ecology breeds pond, it is desirable to which raun belly, which slightly has, to be expanded, and milter can extrude a small amount of seminal fluid, and selected parent must be grasped with water Make, breeding density 15-20 tails/mu;It is oppossum shrimp to breed with the bait of knife long-tailed anchovy parent, and inoculation method is:Existed with the mesh bag of 40-60 mesh Oppossum shrimp is fished in the pond greenhouse of surviving the winter of oppossum shrimp resource, mesh bag will be screened after fishing for, reject exopalaemon carinicauda therein and children Body, with avoid white shrimp ingest knife long-tailed anchovy ovum and fry, using repeatedly fishing for and be inoculated with a small quantity, open and increase in advance during inoculation, in pond Dissolved oxygen content in water body in oxygen machine, raising pond, it is ensured that inoculation oppossum shrimp survival, oppossum shrimp inoculum concentration is the 300- of knife long-tailed anchovy parental number 500 times;Put in a suitable place to breed after parent, aerator fine day noon start 1h, evening start 5-8h, bad weather then increases the available machine time;It is raw State breeds pool inner water temperature and keeps being not less than 16 DEG C, to prevent fine day water temperature on daytime from raising too fast, more than 18 DEG C of water temperature, greenhouse two Dismounting is aerated, to late May, during 24-25 DEG C of water temperature, is removed greenhouse, is not changed water in 1 month after putting in a suitable place to breed, opened to mid-May Beginning changes water, water is monthly changed later 1 time, and quantity of exchanged water is controlled 20%, to keep the food organisms in pond, using 60-80 mesh guard water Pumping water changes water, and water inlet detected pond food organisms density 1 time using the filtering of bilayer 60-120 mesh mesh bag every 3-5 days, if hair Existing food organisms density is less than 10/L, to drag for and be supplemented in time into biological feed from external source pond, fry is checked week about Grow and situation of ingesting, while according to food density in the situation of inspection adjustment water body;To mid or late June, drawn with 20 mesh leather strap nets Net, checks fry, draws in the net to remove parent, it is to avoid parent can ingest fry, cause survival rate of fish fry low, every mu can move 1000- to 2000 tail fries, fry specification:Total length 7-10cm, body weight 1.8-2.5g, now, fry can be used as the seed normally cultivated.
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CN103719006B (en) * 2014-01-21 2017-06-06 上海市水产研究所 A kind of method for improving knife long-tailed anchovy parent survival rate during artificial breeding
CN103960181B (en) * 2014-04-25 2016-01-20 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 A kind of method of dace and the pond culture of caridina nilotica gracilipes supporting supply cutter long-tailed anchovy
CN105981657A (en) * 2015-02-02 2016-10-05 江苏省农业科学院泰州农科所 Method for large-scale ecological aquaculture of coilia ectenes in greenhouse
CN105379649B (en) * 2015-11-17 2018-02-09 上海市水产研究所 A kind of Bitterling Welfare greenhouses cement pond ecological morning breeding method
CN105393958B (en) * 2015-11-17 2018-01-19 上海市水产研究所 A kind of fingerling then indoor water mud sump high-density breeding method of knife long-tailed anchovy artificial breeding
CN107223598B (en) * 2017-05-03 2019-09-10 上海市水产研究所 A kind of age knife long-tailed anchovy pond tandem ecology breeding cultural method
CN107211924B (en) * 2017-05-03 2020-01-10 上海市水产研究所 Indoor artificial propagation method for sebastes marmoratus
CN107347744A (en) * 2017-08-07 2017-11-17 江苏中也食品进出口有限公司 A kind of Coilia ectenes in Yangtze River pond breeding method
CN112352712B (en) * 2020-12-04 2022-06-07 中国科学院昆明动物研究所 Artificial propagation method of sinocyclocheilus rhinoceros
CN115669576A (en) * 2022-10-26 2023-02-03 上海市水产研究所(上海市水产技术推广站) Method for improving overwintering survival rate of coilia ectenes second-instar fingerlings

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CN103404462A (en) * 2013-08-20 2013-11-27 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 Method for cultivating fries of coilia ectenes in soil pond

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