CN102992826A - New improved substrate of slope, preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
New improved substrate of slope, preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102992826A CN102992826A CN2012104735489A CN201210473548A CN102992826A CN 102992826 A CN102992826 A CN 102992826A CN 2012104735489 A CN2012104735489 A CN 2012104735489A CN 201210473548 A CN201210473548 A CN 201210473548A CN 102992826 A CN102992826 A CN 102992826A
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a new improved substrate of a slope, a preparation method and application of the novel improved substrate. The improved substrate is prepared by the following components: straw, farmyard manure, mushroom dreg and sludge. The wastes such as agricultural wastes including straws, dairy manure and fungus dregs and urban sludge are turned into property and can replace peat; the contents of the nutrients in the agricultural wastes all meet the demand of the plant on growth, the contents of the nutrients can be kept in a higher level at last, and thus the agricultural wastes which are high in quality and low in price can be used as the materials for the substrate of the slope and can be applied to the construction of greening of the road slope and the urban landscaping, and as a result, the pollution is reduced, and the ecological and economic benefits are increased.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to side slope matrix, be specifically related to a kind of improvement of new side slope matrix, its preparation method and application thereof.
Background technology
The gordian technique of rock slope reparation is the proportioning problem of bank protection matrix, and good bank protection matrix will have stronger preserve moisture and fertility ability, higher adhesive power, stronger erosion resistibility and the lower characteristics such as cost.Bank protection matrix will play and eliminate Soil degradation, increase soil fertility, improve the effects such as soil environment quality, except the general characteristic with soil, more need be rich in abundant nutritive substance, good ventilation property, retentiveness, domatic dependency and stability also will be arranged simultaneously.Desirable afforesting matrix, its physicochemical character is answered similar soil, should be able to satisfy following requirement: provide rational physical structure for plant-growth; Intensity and the corrosion resistance of card side slope matrix; Can provide the plant long term growth required nutritive element; Guarantee the required moisture supply of plant long term growth; Prevent domatic weathering off with the root system of plant effect.
Bank protection matrix is mixed according to a certain percentage by soil, organic matter, fertilizer, water-holding agent, binding agent, fibrous mass granula, acidity regulator etc.Organic matter is mainly used in improving the structure of substrate mixture, makes its suitable plant-growth, and for plant-growth provides required nutrient, simultaneously, organic matter also has water-absorbent, can store portion of water for the plant-growth needs.Fertilizer is mainly used to supply with the requisite available nutrient of plant-growth (comprising nitrogen phosphorus potassium etc.) and long-acting nutrient.
The maximum characteristics of rock slope greening method are exactly to start with from improving Soil structure and taking full advantage of local woods grass resource, build " artificial soil " of optimum structure, make its can water conservation, fertilizer conservation, ventilative, permeable, be suitable for plant-growth, be highly resistant to again weathering and wind erosion, suppress soil erosion; Coordinate mutually with view on every side; Less to its maintenance management amount simultaneously.Base material in the slope vegetation protection, fertility and water-retentivity also will have certain erosion resistibility and certain intensity to provide the plant-growth required nutrient and moisture except requiring it to have preferably, to prevent that base material from coming off and domatic shallow-layer slips and collapses.Therefore, the selection of base material is directly connected to the quality of engineering.
Chinese patent application 03117393.4 relates to a kind of protecting slope ecology technical field.The method may further comprise the steps: clear up the special-purpose base-material of domatic-skyhook-extension matrix material net-injection side slope-injection slope plant seed-lid non-woven fabrics-late maintaining, the special-purpose base-material of described side slope consists of (weight percent) by following component: bacterium slag 50-60%, peat 20-30%, agricultural crop straw 5-10%, farm manure 10-20%, compositions of additives 5-10%, with this base-material and soil by base material: soil=1: 2-3 (volume ratio) adds and stirs, evenly be ejected into anchoring and the domatic upper formation one of matrix material net arranged for the nutritional bed of growth and development of plants, described slope plant seed is leguminous plants, the wild vine seed, wherein, wild vine is planted on the superior and the subordinate's platform of side slope, seeds of leguminous plant and base-material, be ejected on the nutritional bed after mixing with soil is even.Be applicable to the Revegetation of various parent rock side slopes.
Cause the high problem of slope protection works cost for peat price height in the slope protection substrate, the contriver uses " turning waste into wealth " such as the agricultural wastes such as stalk, cow dung and edible fungi residues and municipal sludges, replace peat and be applied in the construction such as slope of highway greening and urban landscaping, reducing to pollute has increased again Its Eco-economic Benefit.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of side slope improvement matrix.
The improvement matrix of a kind of side slope provided by the invention is made by following composition: stalk, barnyard manure, bacterium slag and mud.
Preferably, described side slope improvement matrix is made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 10-50%, barnyard manure 10-50%, bacterium slag 10-50%, mud 3-18%.
Further preferred, described side slope improvement matrix is made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 20-40%, barnyard manure 20-40%, bacterium slag 20-40%, mud 5-15%.
Further preferred, described side slope improvement matrix is made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 30%, barnyard manure 30%, bacterium slag 30%, mud 10%.
Described stalk is the general name of ripe farm crop cauline leaf (fringe) part.Be often referred to wheat, paddy rice, corn, potato class, oil plant, cotton, sugarcane and other farm crop remainder behind the results seed, one or more in preferred paddy rice, wheat or the maize straw;
Described barnyard manure is cow dung, takes from stock cattle plant;
Described bacterium slag is the edible mushrooms base, refer to afterwards remaining tankage of culturing edible fungus, its edible mushrooms kind includes but not limited to mushroom, flat mushroom, Hypsizygus marmoreus, needle mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii, Twospore Mushroom, straw mushroom, chaxingu mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju, auricularia auriculajudae, Grifola frondosa, Coprinus comatus, white fungus, Pleurotus nebrodensis, glossy ganoderma, Split-gill, Zijin mushroom, rainbow conk, camphor tree sesame.
Described mud is taken from gained mud after the sewage disposal of sanitary sewage disposal factory, is rich in the plant nutrient ingredients such as a large amount of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and various trace elements.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned improvement matrix:
The stalk that 1-15cm is long and barnyard manure, bacterium slag, mud mixing are stacked into buttress, fill up moisture, then add the copperas solution sterilization, then be piled into not tight not loose stacking, keep good aeration condition, stacking surface coverage l0cm fine earth or sposh are stuck with paste, smear and make stacking sealing, 2-3 month both can, air-dry after, crushing screening, and get final product.
The adding of described moisture is pinched material with hand and can water outlet be advisable;
In order to keep the good aeration condition of stacking, insert ventpipe in the stacking central vertical, as the bamboo pole of getting through;
When 25-35 days of stacking, be preferably 30 days, stacking is repeated compost once, as fill up moisture, pile not loose not tight stacking, keep good aeration condition, then surface coverage 10cm fine earth or sposh muddle are smeared so that the stacking sealing.
After air-dry, crushing screening, described sieve is 1-10mm, is preferably 5mm.
The present invention also provides the composite interstitial substance that contains above-mentioned improvement matrix, formed by following various materials and weight percent thereof: improvement matrix 10-30%, fiber 0-25%, planting soil 50-80%, the other materials volume accounts for 0-5%, and described other materials is one or more in composite fertilizer, fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, water-holding agent, binding agent, sterilizing agent and the pH adjusting agent.
Preferably, described compound matrix is comprised of following various materials and weight percent thereof: improvement matrix 20%, fiber 25%, planting soil 50%, the weight ratio of other materials 5%(composite fertilizer, fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, water-holding agent, binding agent, sterilizing agent, pH adjusting agent is: 50:50:50:1:1:10:30).
Wherein:
Described fiber is that the woven bag pulverizing is made, and need to be ground into the fragment less than 1cm during interpolation;
Described planting soil is for using one or more in loam, gardens soil or the vegetable plot soil;
Composite fertilizer is commercially available N:P:K=2:2:1 composite fertilizer;
Fertilizer is the slowly-releasing cake fertilizer;
Microbial-bacterial fertilizer is common commercially available domestic composite microbic bacterial fertilizer;
Water-holding agent is polyacrylamide or sodium polyacrylate potassium;
Tackiness agent is silicate cement, pitch high molecular polymer or organic binder bond;
Sterilizing agent is the powdery ferrous sulfate;
PH adjusting agent is one or more in citric acid, phosphoric acid, lime, sulphur or the calcium superphosphate.
The present invention also provides the application at slope of highway greening and urban landscaping of the composite interstitial substance that contains above-mentioned side slope improvement matrix.
In application, this composite interstitial substance and mixing with soil are used, with the weight ratio of soil be 20:100.
The present invention also provides the collocation method of mentioned component, adds suitable quantity of water in stirrer, adds successively said components in stirrer mixing according to the weight proportion of composing is ascending.
Side slope improvement matrix provided by the invention has the following advantages:
1, in the side slope improvement matrix of the present invention:
With " turning waste into wealth " such as the agricultural wastes such as stalk, cow dung, edible fungi residues and municipal sludges, can replace peat, the nutrient content of several agricultural wastes all can satisfy demand of plant growth, the matrix nutrient content is stabilized in higher level at last, can be used as the bank protection substrate material of high-quality low-cost, be applied to not only reduce pollution but also increased Its Eco-economic Benefit in the construction such as slope of highway greening and urban landscaping, should widely popularize application.
Because the index that the optimum substrate formula of screening is investigated is more, and same level of factor is also different on the impact of each index, normally consider from many aspects when therefore the Multi-index test result data being analyzed, take into account gain and loss, consider the combination of factor primary and secondary and optimum level.In the practice process, can be according to the practical situation of locality, comparatively scientific and reasonable carries out the part fine setting to the bank protection substrate composition, and it is played a greater role.
2, composite interstitial substance:
1) matrix main raw commonly used has soil, peat, fertilizer, binding agent, fiber, water-holding agent, acidity regulator etc.Because peat price higher (mainly being trucking costs) increases engineering cost, so the required substrate material of engineering is gathered materials on the spot as far as possible.It is large to produce the most amounts of waste kind in the agricultural production process, but utilization ratio is extremely low, only has 1/5 to be utilized, and causes the serious wasting of resources, and the bacterium slag that municipal sludge, stalk, cow dung and Edible Fungi are surplus etc. is the precious resources of " mislaying " in fact.Take full advantage of local woods grass resource; select mud; cow dung; the bacterium slag; some recycling wastes such as stalk are as raw material; from the various property analysis of base material, developing the bank protection substrate material of super quality and competitive price, to recover, ecotope and the Superhighway Side Slope Protection of highway safety area along the line be of great importance.
From test-results as can be known, the highest with the grass seeds percentage of germination of 20% composite interstitial substance+soil treatment, reach 79.8%, and be higher than peat growing medium.
2) composite interstitial substance is processed and is played certain promoter action to filling with careless biomass accumulation.The biomass that composite interstitial substance is processed reaches the significant difference level.Plant-growth after 2 months mixed-matrix to process growing way best, average plant height is greater than 8cm, fraction of coverage is more than 95%, the control treatment fraction of coverage is lower than 30%.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1: the experiment of side slope substrate material
1, material: the agricultural wastes such as stalk, cow dung and edible fungi residues and municipal sludge etc. are all available from Beijing periphery, and according to above-mentioned treatment process pre-treatment.
Testing used grass seeds and consumption is respectively: Herba Eleusines Indicae 4g/m
2, Bermuda grass 2g/m
2, Herba penniseti 3g/m
2, Festuca Arundinacea 4g/m
2, false indigo 5g/m
2, Stem or leaf of Shrub Lespedeza 6g/m
2Buy from gardens company.Measure the grass seeds percentage of germination before the sowing, and carry out presoaking and germinating and process.
2 methods:
Test arranges 9 processing, 4 repetitions.
Process and arrange:
Process 1:20% peat+soil, the peat finished product accounts for the base material ratio in peat soil in the market-ripe prescription.
Process 2:20% cow dung+soil, cow dung is through compost maturity (method compost maturity provided by the invention, method is same processes 7, lower same).
Process 3:20% mud+soil, mud is through compost maturity.
Process 4:20% stalk+soil, fermented stalk is mainly straw.
Process the 5:20% peat composed of rotten mosses+soil, biological turfy soil (finished product of purchase).
Process 6:20% bacterium slag+soil, remaining tankage after the mushroom culture.
Process 7:20% composite interstitial substance+soil, wherein, (volume ratio is stalk to matrix: 30% through compost maturity; Barnyard manure 30%; Bacterium slag 30%; Mud 10%), compost method is: will collect and hand hay cutter is short be the stalk of 10cm, and the material mixings such as barnyard manure, bacterium slag, mud stack into buttress, fill up moisture, hand is pinched the water outlet of material energy and is advisable; Then adding the sterilization of an amount of copperas solution, pat to tightly not loose with spade, is the aeration condition that keeps good, can insert ventpipe in the stacking central vertical, as the bamboo pole of getting through etc., stacking surface coverage l0 centimetre fine earth or stick with paste with sposh and to smear sealing.Usually needing need to carry out turning about 30 days, added behind the water again that heap once both can amass the fertilizer of making high-quality in 3 months, air-dry after, pulverized the sieve of 5mm, and get final product; Then according to matrix 100g, fiber (woven bag crushed material) 50g, planting soil (vegetable plot soil) 1000g, each 5g of other materials composite fertilizer, fertilizer and microbial-bacterial fertilizer, each 0.1g of water-holding agent and binding agent, sterilizing agent 1g, pH adjusting agent 3g proportioning is composite interstitial substance.
Process 8: the specific embodiment of Chinese patent application 03117393.4,55 parts of bacterium slags, 25 parts in peat, 5 parts of agricultural crop straws, 10 parts of farm manures (chicken manure), and formed by 5 parts of each compositions of additives of 1 part of import composite fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, soil improvement agent, soil disinfectant, soil stabilizer.
Contrast: soil, without matrix.
Test in the greenhouse and carry out, test used basin alms bowl and be plastic tub (16cm * 20cm).By the various materials of weight weighing of test design, mix the dress basin.Then the grass seeds behind the Steeping and budding is spread on 2cm place, top layer, mixing, 500ml waters.For guaranteeing the normal growth of grass, water according to weather condition, make vegetation not occur wilting, and will prevent disease and pest, disease and pest occurs in time spray medicine.Later on every day the observed and recorded grass growing state (comprising percentage of germination, plant height etc.).
3 results
3.1 each matrix is on filling with the impact of careless percentage of germination
What the percentage of germination of each matrix treatments grass seeds was measured the results are shown in Table 1.From table, can find out that to manage percentage of germination everywhere all higher, no significant difference almost, the percentage of germination that 20% composite interstitial substance+soil (namely processing 7) is processed is up to 79.8%, next is that 20% peat+soil treatment (namely processing 1) is 78.2%, illustrate that peat, mud, cow dung have certain promotion to the germination of grass seeds, but and not obvious.20% peat composed of rotten mosses+soil (namely processing 5) is processed minimum, is 71.6%, and is slightly lower than the planting soil contrast, difference and not obvious between processing.Show that germination does not have notable difference to the processing of various selected matrix and peat to grass seeds.
Table 1: the grass seeds percentage of germination that each is processed and the ground biomass (with dry weight basis) of grass seeds
| Process | Contrast | Process 1 | Process 2 | Process 3 | Process 4 | Process 5 | Process 6 | Process 7 | Process 8 |
| Percentage of germination (%) | 73.6 | 78.2 | 77.3 | 78.0 | 71.8 | 71.6 | 73.3 | 79.8 | 76.3 |
| Biomass (g/m 2） | 62.12 | 258.71 | 336.95 | 371.16 | 239.84 | 125.56 | 118.09 | 424.63 | 348.51 |
Sow after 5 days grass and germinate, after 10 days at peat, mud, during stalk and composite interstitial substance are processed, the about 3cm of natural plant height.The existing significant difference of the growing way of different substrates grass after 30 days, significant difference after 60 days.Mixed-matrix and mud growing way are best, and average plant height is greater than 8cm, fraction of coverage 100%, and matrix such as peat, cow dung, stalk and the biological peat composed of rotten mosses successively, fraction of coverage is all more than 80%, and pure soil contrast fraction of coverage is lower than 30%.
3.2 each matrix is on filling with the impact of careless biomass
Each is processed growth and gathers in along the earth's surface after 8 months, each careless biomass of processing sees Table 1, process difference and reach conspicuous level, the coverage of 20% mud+soil treatment is more than 95%, secondly 20% composite interstitial substance+soil treatment is more than 90%, and 20% peat+soil treatment is taken temperature from biology more than 80%, it is best to use the composite interstitial substance raw material to do the raw material growth, is mud, cow dung, peat etc. secondly.
Although on coverage, 20% mud+soil treatment is higher than 20% composite interstitial substance+soil treatment, on the biomass, the latter will be far above the former, and potential heavy metal contamination also is very important in the mud.
Although, above used general explanation, embodiment and test, the present invention is described in detail, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, and this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a side slope improvement matrix is characterized in that described improvement matrix is made by following composition: stalk, barnyard manure, bacterium slag and mud.
2. improvement matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described improvement matrix is made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 10-50%, barnyard manure 10-50%, bacterium slag 10-50% and mud 3-18%.
3. improvement matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described improvement matrix is made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 20-40%, barnyard manure 20-40%, bacterium slag 20-40%, mud 5-15%.
4. improvement matrix according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described improvement matrix is made by the composition of following weight percent: stalk 30%, barnyard manure 30%, bacterium slag 30%, mud 10%.
5. each described improvement matrix is characterized in that according to claim 1-4, and described barnyard manure is cow dung; Described bacterium slag refers to afterwards remaining tankage of culturing edible fungus.
6. method for preparing each described improvement matrix of claim 1-5, the method may further comprise the steps:
The stalk that 1-15cm is long and barnyard manure, bacterium slag, mud mixing are stacked into buttress, fill up moisture, then add the copperas solution sterilization, then be piled into not tight not loose stacking, keep good aeration condition, stacking surface coverage 10cm fine earth or sposh are stuck with paste, smear and make stacking sealing, 2-3 month both can, air-dry after, crushing screening, and get final product.
7. contain the composite interstitial substance that right requires each described improvement matrix of 1-5, it is characterized in that, this composite interstitial substance is comprised of following various materials and weight percent thereof: improvement matrix 10-30%, fiber 0-25%, planting soil 50-80%, the other materials volume accounts for 0-5%, and described other materials is one or more in composite fertilizer, fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, water-holding agent, binding agent, sterilizing agent and the pH adjusting agent.
8. composite interstitial substance according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, this compound matrix is comprised of following various materials and weight percent thereof: improvement matrix 20%, fiber 25%, planting soil 50%, other materials 5%, described other materials by composite fertilizer, fertilizer, microbial-bacterial fertilizer, water-holding agent, binding agent, sterilizing agent, pH adjusting agent according to weight ratio is: 50:50:50:1:1:10:30 forms.
9. claim 7 or 8 described composite interstitial substances are in the application of slope of highway greening and urban landscaping.
10. application according to claim 9 is characterized in that, this composite interstitial substance and mixing with soil are used, and the weight ratio of the two is 20:100.
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