CN102845286A - Biochar floating seedling culture substrate and preparation method of biochar floating seedling culture substrate - Google Patents
Biochar floating seedling culture substrate and preparation method of biochar floating seedling culture substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN102845286A CN102845286A CN2012103085572A CN201210308557A CN102845286A CN 102845286 A CN102845286 A CN 102845286A CN 2012103085572 A CN2012103085572 A CN 2012103085572A CN 201210308557 A CN201210308557 A CN 201210308557A CN 102845286 A CN102845286 A CN 102845286A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biochar floating seedling culture substrate, which consists of the following ingredients in percentage by volume: 45 to 65 percent of biochar, 15 to 25 percent of perlite and 20 to 30 percent of vermiculite, and the biochar made from flue-cured tobacco straws is preferably adopted. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the biochar floating seedling culture substrate. On one hand, the strong seedling rate can be improved, the occurrence of diseases and pests in the crop seedling culture period is reduced, the transplanting survival rate of crops is improved, the crop quality is improved, and meanwhile, the income is increased; on the other hand, the turf resource consumption is favorably saved, the goals of utilizing the flue-cured tobacco straws as resources and reducing the environment pollution are reached, the environment pressure is reduced, the benefits are increased, and better economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are realized through such preparation proportion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling medium, particularly a kind of biological carbon seedling medium.
Background technology
Along with agrotechnical development, for germination rate, planting percent and the crop yield etc. that improve seed, adopting the alternative traditional Nutrition Soil of seedling medium to grow seedlings becomes a kind of trend.The organic material overwhelming majority of seedling medium is all used the peat composed of rotten mosses at present, inanimate matter material uses fine perlite and vermiculite substantially, be that 200410046612.0 Chinese patent application, application number are 201010588518.3 Chinese patent application such as application number, and application number is the Chinese patent application of 201110251996.X.These patents have all improved germination rate, planting percent and the crop yield etc. of seed to some extent, for example, application number is 201010588518.3 Chinese patent application, it is that to adopt volume ratio be that the peat composed of rotten mosses of 50-70%, 15-25%, 15-25% or natural pond slag, perlite and vermiculite are as seedling medium, its germination rate can reach 90%, and planting percent can reach 88%.But; the shortcoming of these patent application maximums is limitation and environmental disruptions that the peat composed of rotten mosses uses; particularly; billion cubic meter on the peat composed of rotten mosses amount of excavating in the annual whole nation; the single mode of drawing materials must cause this exhaustion that is regarded as non-renewable precious natural resources of the peat composed of rotten mosses; cause the irreversible destruction of the wetland resource of preciousness; the large tracts of land use of conventional levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance can cause the exhaustion of this resource; the new medium that substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses is extremely urgent; in addition, existing seedling medium is for planting percent; strong sprout rate; transplanting survival rate is still undesirable; as noted earlier; application number is that the germination rate of 201010588518.3 Chinese patent application only reaches 90%, and planting percent only reaches 88%, can not satisfy the requirement of large-scale production; the efficient of growing seedlings is still lower, causes Financial cost also higher.
Biomass carbon is that living beings have the height aromatising substance through a class of carbonization pyrolysis gained under anoxic or anaerobic condition, domestic it is translated into Biochar, and the language of describing commonly used also has biological carbon, biological carbon and biomass char.It has been generally acknowledged that (black carbon is called for short the BC category, and the main distinction is that BC comprises that the little carbonization of living beings generates the whole process of black smoke particle to burning to belong to black carbon.The soil organic matter (SOM) is the important indicator of soil fertility, also is that the main carbon of terrestrial ecosystem is remitted one of source.Studies show that in a large number biomass carbon surface polarity functional group is more, hydrophily is stronger, and the characteristics such as specific surface area and porous are impelled the nutrient in the effective adsorption moisture of biomass carbon, has the fertilizer conservation performance, can be used as the Peat substitution host material.
On the other hand, the present stalk of some crops and economic crops, such as wheat stalk, paddy stalk, flue-cured tobacco stalk etc., at present general processing mode is also field of on-site incineration, has caused a lot of pollutions to environment.Especially in the cured tobacco production district, a large amount of flue-cured tobacco stalk of annual generation is at present except burning, comprehensive utilization technique not yet effectively, brought larger pressure to ecotope, the flue-cured tobacco stalk has caused larger pressure as the pathogen place of passing the winter to cigarette district comprehensive control of disease.
Summary of the invention
One of goal of the invention of the present invention is: for the problem of above-mentioned existence, provide the new bio carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of a kind of high strong sprout rate, high agricultural transplanting survival rate, high crop yield.
The technical solution used in the present invention is such: a kind of biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, formed by following material, and percentage composition meter by volume,
Biological carbon 45%-65%
Perlite 15%-25%
Vermiculite 20%-30%.
As preferably: the seedling medium that described three class materials form, by volume meter
Biological carbon 48%-52%
Perlite 18%-22%
Vermiculite 26%-30%.
As most preferably: the seedling medium that described three class materials form, meter by volume, biological carbon: perlite: vermiculite=5: 2: 3.
As preferably: described a kind of biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described perlite is expanded perlite, and a kind of inside of being made behind preheating, TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE calcining expansion by perlite ore is the material of the white granular of alveolate texture.
Two of purpose of the present invention, provide a kind of new bio carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance that can also recycle the tabacco straw resource and play environmental-protection function, the technical solution used in the present invention is: described biological carbon is by the standby biological carbon of flue-cured tobacco straw, the preparation method is for to send into the flue-cured tobacco stalk in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, calcine under 400-600 ℃ carbonization, carbonization time is cooling after 4-6h, the calcining, then dries and pulverizes 40 mesh sieves.
For a large amount of flue-cured tobacco stalk in the cured tobacco production district, also not for the preparation of the report of biological carbon, more do not use it for the report of preparation seedling medium at present.The present invention passes through great many of experiments, adopt specific technique to be prepared into biological carbon a large amount of flue-cured tobacco stalks, and for the preparation of seedling medium, on the one hand the flue-cured tobacco stalk has been carried out reasonably recycling, turn waste into wealth, greatly reduced the environmental pollution that the present generally mode of the burning of employing is brought; On the other hand, adopt this mode to process the flue-cured tobacco stalk in cured tobacco production district after, also played the effect of removing cured tobacco production district pathogen, prevented the propagation of pathogen, greatly alleviated the pressure of cigarette district comprehensive control of disease; On the one hand, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is made nutritive element N in the biological carbon, K content is higher again, wherein, and total nitrogen content 9.63gkg
-1Full potassium content 16.77gkg
-1And itself specific activity is higher, the biological carbon surface contain abundant-COOH ,-COH and-oxygen-containing functional groups such as OH, strengthened the matrix cation exchange capacity, to keeping the matrix nutrient content, strengthen it plant seedling is continued feeder capability, thereby guaranteed plant seedling rate in strong sprout, strengthen plant seedling field growing way, the flue-cured tobacco stalk of this prescription use is made biological carbon specific surface area 427m simultaneously
3G
-1, density is 0.58 gcm
-3, so that this matrix has good adsorptivity and water retention capacity, strengthened plant seedling field transplanting survival rate, reduce and go back the seedling time, strengthened plant field later stage growing way, for the basis has been set up in the raising of yield and quality.Again on the one hand the flue-cured tobacco stalk to make biological carbon be at high temperature to calcine to form, compare with the peat composed of rotten mosses to need not to carry out disinfection again, stopped the existence of pathogen and weed seed, reduced seedling damage by disease and insect incidence.
Three of purpose of the present invention, provide a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance, the technical scheme of employing is: after biological carbon is pulverized, sieve with 40-60 order square hole screen, the perlite and the vermiculite that add described ratio mix again, and get final product.
Seedling medium of the present invention need not to add in addition fertilizer and is configured, and itself contained nutritive element can satisfy that the thing Early seedling stage is sprouted, growth, and the later stage, visual seedling growth added fertilizer flexibly, conveniently realizes that manually growth is accurately controlled to crop seedling.
Seedling medium prescription of the present invention can keep moisture 50%-60% for a long time, can promote the crop root growth, makes crop seedling well developed root system, improves improving activity of root system.
In sum, owing to adopted technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: one aspect of the present invention can improve the rate in strong sprout, reduce crops seedling stage diseases and pests incidence, improve the crops transplanting survival rate, improve the crops quality, add income when increasing together, utilize on the other hand biological carbon to prepare seedling medium for primary raw material substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses, take full advantage of the effective nutrient component N of the standby biological carbon of flue-cured tobacco straw, K content is higher, surface functional group is abundant, the characteristic of high adsorption capacity, develop and utilize in seedling medium Peat substitution technical field, be conducive to save and use peat composed of rotten mosses resource, and reach the recycling of flue-cured tobacco stalk, the purpose of environmental contamination reduction has alleviated environmental pressure, increased benefit, such allocation ratio has preferably economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is described in detail.
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, following examples are further elaborated to the present invention.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
Take wheat stalk as raw material, wheat stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 400 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 6h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 5: 2.5: 2.5 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 30%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 2
Take the paddy stalk as raw material, the paddy stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 400 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 6h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 6: 2: 2 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 31%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 3
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 400 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 6h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 6.5: 1.5: 2.0 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 29%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 4
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 500 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 5h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 5: 2.5: 2.5 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 30%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 5
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 500 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 5h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 6: 2: 2 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 31%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 6
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 500 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 5h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 6.5: 1.5: 2.0 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 29%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 7
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 600 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 4h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 5: 2.5: 2.5 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 30%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 8
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 600 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 4h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 6.5: 1.5: 2.0 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 31%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 9
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 600 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 4h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 6.5: 1.5: 2.0 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 29%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 10
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 400 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 6h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 5: 2: 3 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 30%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 11
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 500 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 5h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 5: 2: 3 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 30%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
Example 12
Take the flue-cured tobacco stalk as raw material, the flue-cured tobacco stalk is sent in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, 600 ℃ of lower carbonizations (carbonization time is 4h), calcination, cooling after the calcining, then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry, then biological carbon, perlite, vermiculite were carried out blending according to 5: 2: 3 ratios in mixer, water content remains on 30%, carries out weighing, packing and storage.
The test of example 13 different proportion proportioning emergence rates
The biological carbon that the flue-cured tobacco straw is standby, perlite, vermiculite was according to 5: 2: 3,6: 2: 2,6.5: carry out blending at 1.5: 2.0, pack in the 106 hole seedling-cultivating trays, be sown into flue-cured tobacco breeding cloud and mist 97 (flue-cured tobacco), China's No. 1, spinach (spinach), farsighted excellent 220(tomato), use with the conventional peat composed of rotten mosses seedling medium (peat composed of rotten mosses: perlite: vermiculite=5:2:3 in contrast, volume ratio, be " contrast " group in the following table), the biological carbon that the flue-cured tobacco straw is standby, perlite, vermiculite was according to 4: 3: 3, two processing of seedling medium that the 8:1:1 ratio is carried out blending also in contrast, all matrix initial water contents remain on 30%.Observe the different plant emergence rates of several prescriptions and seedling growing way situation.
Table 1 different formulations affects tobacco seed rate in strong sprout
Table 2 different formulations affects spinach seed rate in strong sprout
Table 3 different formulations is on the impact of tomato seeds rate in strong sprout
Table 4 different formulations is on the impact of flue-cured tobacco seedling quality
Table 5 different formulations is on the impact of tomato seedling quality
Table 6 different formulations is on the impact of spinach seedling quality
Table 7 different formulations is on the impact of the flue-cured tobacco seedling sprout term disease incidence of disease
Table 8 different formulations is on the impact of the tomato seedling sprout term disease incidence of disease
Table 9 different formulations is on the impact of the flue-cured tobacco seedling sprout term disease incidence of disease
Table 10 different disposal is on the impact of cigarette transplantation of seedlings survival rate
Table 11 different disposal is on the impact of spinach transplantation of seedlings survival rate
Table 12 different disposal is on the impact of tomato seedling transplanting survival rate
Can find out from table 1 to table 9, impact for Different Crop seed rate in strong sprout, adopt prescription of the present invention and ratio, compare with adopting " contrast ", strong sprout, rate can improve more than 10%, the complete stool dry weight improves more than 11%, the disease incidence reduces by 2 percentage points, the matrix virus disease incidence that wherein adopts biological carbon is 0% substantially, especially adopt the ratio of the 5:2:3 that the present invention fills a prescription, strong sprout, rate improved larger, than the different formulations of " contrast " group same ratio, improved closely 12%, the complete stool dry weight has improved nearly 12.65%, the ratio Common Diseases incidence of disease of 5:2:3 reduces more than 20% with other " contrasts " group different proportion, has obtained beyond thought technique effect; Simultaneously, adopt other ratios (4: 3: 3,8:1:1) of prescription of the present invention, also low than " contrast " group of strong sprout rate, complete stool dry weight, three kinds of crop Common Diseases incidences of disease of formula rate (4: 3: 3,8:1:1) are higher than contrast more than 2 percentage points, just proof is not to need only the prescription that substitutes the peat composed of rotten mosses, employing arbitrary proportion with biological carbon yet, just can obtain higher rate in strong sprout, ratio of the present invention, be the inventor gropes by a large amount of experiments, paid that creative work obtains.
Can find out from table 10 to table 12, for the impact of Different Crop transplanting survival rate, adopt prescription of the present invention and ratio, compare with adopting " contrast ", transplanting survival rate can improve more than 2.5%, especially adopt the ratio of the 5:2:3 that the present invention fills a prescription, strong sprout, rate improved greatlyr, can improve more than 4.5%, also the seedling time also shortens, different formulations than " contrast " group same ratio has improved more than 5%, has obtained beyond thought technique effect; Simultaneously, adopt other ratios (4: 3: 3,8:1:1) of prescription of the present invention, transplanting survival rate is also lower than " contrast " group, just proof is not as long as substitute the prescription of the peat composed of rotten mosses, employing arbitrary proportion with biological carbon yet, just can obtain higher transplanting survival rate, ratio of the present invention is that the inventor gropes by a large amount of experiments, paid that creative work obtains.
Table 13 different disposal output relatively
As can be seen from Table 13, for the impact of Different Crop output, adopt prescription of the present invention and ratio, compare with adopting " contrast ", output can improve more than 7%, especially adopts the ratio of the 5:2:3 that the present invention fills a prescription, and output increased is larger, can improve more than 10%, raising for the output of spinach is particularly remarkable, has improved more than 30%, than the different formulations of " contrast " group same ratio, improved more than 10%, obtained beyond thought technique effect; Simultaneously, adopt other ratios (4: 3: 3,8:1:1) of prescription of the present invention, transplanting survival rate is also lower than " contrast " group, just proof is not as long as substitute the prescription of the peat composed of rotten mosses, employing arbitrary proportion with biological carbon yet, just can obtain higher output, ratio of the present invention is that the inventor gropes by a large amount of experiments, paid that creative work obtains.
Claims (6)
1. biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance is characterized in that: formed by following material, and percentage composition meter by volume,
Biological carbon 45%-65%
Perlite 15%-25%
Vermiculite 20%-30%.
2. described a kind of biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the seedling medium that described three class materials form, by volume meter
Biological carbon 48%-52%
Perlite 18%-22%
Vermiculite 26%-30%.
3. described a kind of biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the seedling medium that described three class materials form, meter by volume, biological carbon: perlite: vermiculite=5: 2: 3.
4. described a kind of biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described perlite is expanded perlite, and a kind of inside of being made behind preheating, TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE calcining expansion by perlite ore is the material of the white granular of alveolate texture.
5. the described a kind of biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of 5 any one only according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described biological carbon is by the standby biological carbon of flue-cured tobacco straw, the preparation method is for to send into the flue-cured tobacco stalk in the vacuum type carbonization kiln, under anaerobic, heat up, under 400-600 ℃, calcine carbonization, carbonization time is cooling after 4-6h, the calcining, and then 40 mesh sieves were pulverized in oven dry.
6. the preparation method of the described a kind of biological carbon levitating seed-cultivating interstitial substance of claim 1 is characterized in that: after biological carbon is pulverized, sieve with 40-60 order square hole screen, the perlite and the vermiculite that add described ratio mix again, and get final product.
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