CN104145791A - Organic and ecological soilless culture method for spinaches - Google Patents
Organic and ecological soilless culture method for spinaches Download PDFInfo
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- CN104145791A CN104145791A CN201410374872.4A CN201410374872A CN104145791A CN 104145791 A CN104145791 A CN 104145791A CN 201410374872 A CN201410374872 A CN 201410374872A CN 104145791 A CN104145791 A CN 104145791A
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- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 title claims abstract 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims abstract 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 241001600407 Aphis <genus> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000594036 Liriomyza Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000193388 Bacillus thuringiensis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002566 Capsicum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008574 Capsicum frutescens Species 0.000 claims description 3
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isomatrine Natural products C1CCC2CN3C(=O)CCCC3C3C2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N Matrine Chemical compound C1CC[C@H]2CN3C(=O)CCC[C@@H]3[C@@H]3[C@H]2N1CCC3 ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000031888 Mycoses Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005373 Panax quinquefolius Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000256247 Spodoptera exigua Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940097012 bacillus thuringiensis Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001390 capsicum minimum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930014456 matrine Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 244000300264 Spinacia oleracea Species 0.000 description 25
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 5
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 2
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000000913 Kidney Calculi Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010029148 Nephrolithiasis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010923 batch production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000005135 methemoglobinemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002366 mineral element Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004005 nitrosamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an organic and ecological soilless culture method for spinaches. The organic and ecological soilless culture method for the spinaches comprises the following steps of (1) preparation of a matrix, (2) sowing and seedling raising, (3) thinning, and (4) later maintenance. The matrix is prepared by a method comprising the following steps of mixing grass carbon, sawdust, rice hulls and vermiculite with a volume ratio of 2.0:3.0:3.0:2.0; and adding 15kg of chicken manure and 8kg of cake fertilizers in per cubic meter of the matrix. By the organic and ecological soilless culture method for the spinaches, the production cost of the spinaches can be reduced, pollution on the environment is reduced, and the yield and the quality of the spinaches are improved. The organic and ecological soilless culture method for the spinaches is suitable for Chinese situations, and conforms to the development direction of ecological agriculture and circular economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of vegetable crop High yield, relate to specifically a kind of spinach organic ecological soilless culture method.
Background technology
Soilless culture with itself intrinsic joint fertilizer, water saving, laborsaving, economize medicine, high yield, the advantage such as of fine quality, clean, become the important content of facilities horticulture and the principal mode that horticultural crop batch production is produced.But the nutrient solution soilless culture method production cost of application is very high conventionally, and the pollution problem of environment is difficult to solve.And organic ecological soilless culture technology is to replace soil with Different Stroma, nutrition liquid irrigation root system of plant that also need not be traditional, but directly add clear water and impel a kind of cultivation technique without soil of plant growth with organic solid-state fertilizer.Its advantage is very outstanding, and the yield and quality, minimizing pesticide dosage, the water saving that improve crop save fertilizer, the pure health of product, save both labour and money, can utilize uncultivated area to produce vegetables etc.Therefore, can improve yield of vegetables, improve quality by this technology, produce even " organic vegetable " of vegetables of high-quality, reduce environmental pollution simultaneously.
Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) belongs to Chenopodiaceae spinach and belongs to, extensively plants in China town and country spring, autumn, 3 seasons of winter, and be a kind of important green vegetable of China and export vegetable.Spinach nutritive value is high, is rich in vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, carotin, protein, folic acid, and the mineral matters such as Yi Jitie, calcium, phosphorus, are described as " kings in vegetables " by Arabic.But spinach, as a kind of leaf vegetables, very easily accumulates nitrate and oxalic acid, nitrate can make people suffer from methemoglobinemia after taking in human body.Meanwhile, nitrate is the precursor of Carcinogenic Nitrosamines, easily brings out digestion canceration.And oxalic acid is a kind of antinutritional factor, can not only affects the validity of mineral element calcium, magnesium and zinc etc., and easily cause calcium oxalate kidney stone.In traditional mode of production process, applying in a large number of nitrogenous fertilizer makes nitrate content severe overweight in spinach.Can overcome traditional field planting spinach but go back at present the effective implantation methods of neither one, apply nitrogenous fertilizer in a large amount of and produce the problem of nitrate content severe overweight.
Therefore, set up a set of spinach high yield, high-quality and efficient soilless culture method seems very necessary and important.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of spinach organic ecological soilless culture method.This method adopts organic ecological soilless culture method, can effectively reduce the amount of application of chemical fertilizer, especially nitrogenous fertilizer, thereby can significantly reduce the nitrate content of vegetables, improves other index of quality of vegetables simultaneously.
For addressing the above problem, technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of spinach organic ecological soilless culture method, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare matrix: be after 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix by the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk by volume with vermiculite, add chicken manure and the each 15kg of cake fertilizer and 8kg to mix by every cubic metre again, obtain matrix, and matrix is inserted respectively in substrate grooves;
2) seeding and seedling raising: select spinach seed of the same size, the liquor natrii hypochloritis who is first 5% by volume fraction carries out surface sterilization 10min, and after fully rinsing by deionized water, by planting seed in substrate grooves; Wherein, seeding quantity is 3.0～5.0kg/667m
2;
3) thinning: carry out thinning in the time that seedling grows to 2～3 true leaves, spacing in the rows is 5～8cm;
4) later maintenance: comprise watering of carrying out after thinning, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, wherein, described in water and water depending on water supply in media situation, soil moisture content quick analyser checks water supply in media situation for every 3d, keeps Relative water content 70～80%;
Described fertilising adopt a small amount of repeatedly, the mode of split application, thinning finishes to topdress with organic vegetable special fertilizer afterwards, and presses every m
3matrix adds 2kg organic vegetable special fertilizer, regards thing growing state later as and topdresses 2～3 times; The described extermination of disease and insect pest is that each cultivating groove arranges 2 trapping points with fly paper trapping Liriomyza adult; Be that 1% matrine vegetable insecticide is that the anti-times liquid spraying that eliminates aphis of 500～1000 times of liquid is prevented eliminating aphis by volume with mass fraction; The abamectin emulsifiable concentrate that is 1.8% with mass fraction is 3000 times of liquid spraying control Liriomyzas by volume; In the Beet Armyworm Eggs hatching Sheng phase, be that 200 times of liquid bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil sprayings prevent and treat by volume ratio; The capsicum water prevent virus diseases that is 0.5% with mass fraction; Be the solution of 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 200 in mass ratio with copper sulphate, quicklime, water, spray continuously 2～3 times and control fungal disease.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, the matrix in substrate grooves irrigates in first 1 day water of sowing.
Above-mentioned steps 1) described in wood sawdust and rice husk become thoroughly decomposed through high temperature, and vermiculite is placed in to volume fraction is that 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis soaks after 30 minutes and rinses well with clear water, then by wood sawdust, rice husk, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by volume 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix;
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, it is that 0.1% potassium permanganate liquid mixes after sterilization that matrix is placed in mass fraction, then tiles in substrate grooves.
Above-mentioned steps 1) in, the tiling thickness of matrix is 25～30cm.
Above-mentioned steps 3) in, after spinach thinning, keeping seedling spacing in the rows is 5～8cm.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1, to have overcome traditional soilless culture method production cost high in the present invention, to shortcomings such as environments.The matrix of organic ecological soilless culture is taking organic matter as main, and fertilizer is mainly fertilizer, does not water nutrient solution, and irrigates with clear water.
2, the present invention has well solved the problem of nutrient solution soilless culture, can significantly improve Quality and biomass of vegetables simultaneously.
3, this method is easy and simple to handle, and wide adaptability can be produced high-quality product.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the affect figure of different planting on spinach output and commodity amount;
Note: capital and small letter English alphabet represents respectively same index difference utmost point significance level (P<0.01) and significance level (P<0.05) through LSD method of analysis of variance inspection under three kinds of cultivation conditions, below all with.Amount to per unit area yield with every 667m
2calculate and obtain by 25000 strains.Conventional substrate composition and proportioning are Dao Ke ︰ sawdust=3 ︰ 1, use organic-inorganic and coordinate fertile.
Embodiment
Further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
1. cultivating groove
Select fragment of brick to make cultivating groove, groove width 50cm, height 35cm, separation 70cm, the good one deck brick of first code while doing groove, the sealed polyethylene plastic that layer overlay is thicker again and soil isolation, film two ends are pressed between first and second bricks, fill out the thick slag of the thick diameter 2cm of 5cm size on film, then cover clean woven bag, the more two-layer brick of code.
2. cultivation matrix
Matrix is selected rice husk, wood sawdust, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite, and the above two are stand-by after high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed, vermiculite with the liquor natrii hypochloritis that volume fraction is 15% soak rinse well with clear water after 30min stand-by.1d prior to seeding, water irrigates matrix.In each cultivating groove, adding the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk is that 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix with vermiculite volume ratio, and (degree of depth is 25cm) adds 15kg/m simultaneously
3sterilization chicken manure and 10kg/m
3organic soilless cultivation dedicated fertilizer and 8kg/m
3cake fertilizer, obtain matrix, it is that 0.1% potassium permanganate liquid mixes after sterilization that matrix is placed in mass fraction, then tiles in substrate grooves.
3. drip irrigation facility
Each production canopy is set up independently water system, 1～2 diameter 1.5cm for every furrow, every the plastics drip irrigation hose in 30cm mono-hole.The wide 40cm plastic film in drip irrigation pipe upper berth.Production in summer vegetables are not taken off film, and the megathermal period is added a cover sunshade net.
4. cultivate strong sprout and thinning
Select spinach seed of the same size, the liquor natrii hypochloritis who is 5% through volume fraction carries out, after 10min surface sterilization, in substrate grooves, disseminating.In the time that seedling grows to 2～3 true leaves, carry out thinning, spacing in the rows is 5～8cm.
5. scientific management measure
5.1 controls are watered.Before sowing, 1d irrigates matrix, after having sowed, waters immediately.Backsight matrix situation cadmium sky waters water 1 time, after emerging when plant strain growth to 4 slice true leaf, 1d waters water 1 time, when summer, temperature was higher, 1d waters 2 times, respectively 9: 00～10: 00 morning and 5: 00 afternoons left and right, and can extend irrigation time, grasp flexibly with backsight weather condition, matrix situation, Plant status.The general cloudy day does not water, and will control confluent winter.Notice that every 3d checks a water supply in media situation, keeps Relative water content 70～80%.
5.2 fertilising.Every m when mixed-matrix
3mix organic soilless cultivation special fertilizer 10kg as base manure.For ensure crop within whole breeding time in best fertilizer environment, nutrient supply adopt a small amount of repeatedly, the way of split application.After thinning 3d, start to apply fertilizer with organic fertilizer.
The present invention is suitable for the range gene type of spinach.
Taking " Japan great Ye spinach in spring and autumn " kind as example explanation, spinach organic ecological soilless culture method, comprises the following steps:
(1) prepare matrix: select the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk and vermiculite as matrix, wherein wood sawdust and rice husk are stand-by after high temperature becomes thoroughly decomposed, vermiculite volume fraction be 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis soak rinse well with clear water after 30min stand-by.By four by volume 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix, then by every m
3add the each 15kg of chicken manure and cake fertilizer and 8kg to mix, after fully mixing, obtain matrix, matrix is carried out disinfection with the potassium permanganate liquid that mass fraction is 0.1%.Matrix is tiled respectively in substrate grooves and seedling-growing container, wherein, ensure that the stromal thickness in each substrate grooves is 25～30cm.Before sowing, 1d water irrigates matrix.
(2) seeding and seedling raising: select spinach seed of the same size, be first that 5% liquor natrii hypochloritis carries out surface sterilization 10min by volume fraction, and after fully rinsing by deionized water, seed broadcast in substrate grooves.Seeding quantity is 3.0～5.0kg/667m
2.
(3) thinning: carry out thinning in the time that seedling grows to 2～3 true leaves, spacing in the rows is 5～8cm.
(4) later maintenance: 1. science is watered, waters depending on water supply in media situation, and every 3d checks water supply in media situation with soil moisture content quick analyser, keeps Relative water content 70～80%.2. fertilising, for ensure crop within whole breeding time in best fertilizer environment, nutrient supply adopt a small amount of repeatedly, the way of split application.Thinning finishes the rear organic vegetable special fertilizer (patent No. is ZL200710114734) with the production of Linyi City Rong Kun ecological agriculture Co., Ltd topdresses, by every m
3matrix adds 2kg organic vegetable special fertilizer, regards thing growing state later as and topdresses 2～3 times.3. the extermination of disease and insect pest, for normal several damage by disease and insect of sending out on spinach, adopts several diverse ways to prevent and treat: with fly paper trapping Liriomyza adult, each cultivating groove arranges 2 trapping points; The matrine vegetable insecticide that is 1% with mass fraction is that the anti-times liquid spraying that eliminates aphis of 500～1000 times of liquid is prevented eliminating aphis by volume; The abamectin emulsifiable concentrate that is 1.8% with mass fraction is 3000 times of liquid spraying control Liriomyzas by volume; In the Beet Armyworm Eggs hatching Sheng phase, be that 200 times of liquid bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil sprayings prevent and treat by volume ratio.The capsicum water prevent virus diseases that is 0.5% with mass fraction; Be the solution of 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 200 in mass ratio with copper sulphate, quicklime, water, spray continuously 2～3 times and control fungal disease.Spinach output and the quality of cultivation method plantation of the present invention are all improved largely.
Concrete implementation result is:
The impact (see Fig. 1) of different planting on spinach biomass, commodity amount; Different planting is to nitrate content, Soluble oxalate content and Vitamin C content (in table 1) in Spinach Leaf.
The impact of table 1. different planting on quality of spinach
Claims (6)
1. a spinach organic ecological soilless culture method, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare matrix: be after 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix by the peat composed of rotten mosses, wood sawdust, rice husk by volume with vermiculite, add chicken manure and the each 15kg of cake fertilizer and 8kg to mix by every cubic metre again, obtain matrix, and matrix is inserted respectively in substrate grooves;
2) seeding and seedling raising: select spinach seed of the same size, the liquor natrii hypochloritis who is first 5% by volume fraction carries out surface sterilization 10min, and after fully rinsing by deionized water, by planting seed in substrate grooves; Wherein, seeding quantity is 3.0～5.0kg/667m
2;
3) thinning: carry out thinning in the time that seedling grows to 2～3 true leaves, spacing in the rows is 5～8cm;
4) later maintenance: comprise watering of carrying out after thinning, fertilising, the extermination of disease and insect pest, wherein, described in water and water depending on water supply in media situation, soil moisture content quick analyser checks water supply in media situation for every 3d, keeps Relative water content 70～80%;
Described fertilising adopt a small amount of repeatedly, the mode of split application, thinning finishes to topdress with organic vegetable special fertilizer afterwards, and presses every m
3matrix adds 2kg organic vegetable special fertilizer, regards thing growing state later as and topdresses 2～3 times; The described extermination of disease and insect pest is that each cultivating groove arranges 2 trapping points with fly paper trapping Liriomyza adult; Be that 1% matrine vegetable insecticide is that the anti-times liquid spraying that eliminates aphis of 500～1000 times of liquid is prevented eliminating aphis by volume with mass fraction; Be that 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate is 3000 times of liquid spraying control Liriomyzas by volume with mass fraction; In the Beet Armyworm Eggs hatching Sheng phase, be that 200 times of liquid bacillus thuringiensis,Bt missible oil sprayings prevent and treat by volume ratio; The capsicum water prevent virus diseases that is 0.5% with mass fraction; Be the solution of 1 ︰ 1 ︰ 200 in mass ratio with copper sulphate, quicklime, water, spray continuously 2～3 times and control fungal disease.
2. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, the matrix in substrate grooves irrigates in first 1 day water of sowing.
3. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described step 1) described in wood sawdust and rice husk become thoroughly decomposed through high temperature, and vermiculite is placed in to volume fraction is that 15% liquor natrii hypochloritis soaks after 30 minutes and rinses well with clear water, then by wood sawdust, rice husk, the peat composed of rotten mosses and vermiculite by volume 2.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 3.0 ︰ 2.0 mix.
4. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described step 1) in, it is that 0.1% potassium permanganate liquid mixes after sterilization that matrix is placed in mass fraction, then tiles in substrate grooves.
5. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described step 1) in, the tiling thickness of matrix is 25～30cm.
6. spinach organic ecological soilless culture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that described step 3) in, after spinach thinning, keeping seedling spacing in the rows is 5～8cm.
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| CN104396709A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州市相城区盛胡特种养殖专业合作社 | Soilless cultivation method of organic spinach |
| CN104529664A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-22 | 张金林 | Vegetable culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN104584822A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-06 | 和县宝兰蔬菜种植有限公司 | Planting method of summer spinach |
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| CN107853130A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-30 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of green non-pollution spinach soilless culture substrate |
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| CN104396709A (en) * | 2014-11-20 | 2015-03-11 | 苏州市相城区盛胡特种养殖专业合作社 | Soilless cultivation method of organic spinach |
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| CN104529664A (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2015-04-22 | 张金林 | Vegetable culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105248114A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-01-20 | 和县聂兴圩蔬菜种植有限责任公司 | Cultivation method of overwintering spinach |
| CN106472277A (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 紫云自治县澄明农业投资有限责任公司 | A kind of water planting method for culturing seedlings of Herba Spinaciae |
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| CN106879336A (en) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-06-23 | 红河道地中药材开发有限公司 | The method for culturing seedlings of P. kingianum stem tuber |
| CN109729957A (en) * | 2017-10-31 | 2019-05-10 | 上海泾茗农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of vegetable cultivation soil and its implantation methods |
| CN109769623A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2019-05-21 | 丹阳市陵口镇漕塘土地股份专业合作社 | A kind of spinach compost |
| CN107853130A (en) * | 2017-11-26 | 2018-03-30 | 来安县杭姑娘生态农业有限公司 | A kind of green non-pollution spinach soilless culture substrate |
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