CN102715068A

CN102715068A - Water-retention soilless culture medium

Info

Publication number: CN102715068A
Application number: CN201210244478XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雷文东
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2012-07-16
Filing date: 2012-07-16
Publication date: 2012-10-10

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-retention soilless culture medium, belonging to the field of agriculture cultivation technique. The water-retention soilless culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30 percent of organic fertilizer, 10-15 percent of grass carbon, 16-20 percent of fine sand, 8-12 percent of rough sand, 8-12 percent of vermiculite, 5-8 percent of perlite, 5-7 percent of calcium potassium magnesium powder, 3-6 percent of weathered coal, 3-5 percent of ground phosphate rock, 1-2 percent of bentonite, and 0.4-0.8 percent of water-retention agent, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by mixing, fermenting and bubbling animal excrements, plant straws and the like, and has moisture rate of 8-15 percent after being aired and screened, the granularity of grass carbon, vermiculite and perlite is smaller than 60 meshes, and the granularity of other components is less than 80 meshes. The preparation method comprises the steps of weighing all components according to proportion, agitating and mixing, drying, inspecting, metering and packaging. The water-retention soilless culture medium has the advantages of being simple in production technique, reasonable in proportion and excellent in applicability, and can be widely applied for breeding and transplantation of tree seedlings and grasses, as well as vegetable, fruits, grains, flowers, trees and the like in drought, deserts and salinization regions.

Description

A kind of water conservation soilless culture substrate

One, technical field:

The invention belongs to the agriculture cultivation technology field, particularly a kind of water conservation soilless culture substrate and production method thereof.

Two, background technology:

Particularly crop planting, cultivation, the growth of traditional plant, grow, bloom, the result needs sufficient moisture and fertile soil because the continuous minimizing of farmland resource, the contradiction of striving ground between between worker, the agricultural and city, the township becomes increasingly conspicuous.Now, along with the Four Modernizations particularly agricultural modernization deeply carry out progress and the expanding economy with science and technology, cultivation of plants not exclusively depends on land resources, the development that cultivation technique without soil obtains advancing by leaps and bounds with plantation.In modern times in the agricultural production; Because cultivation technique without soil not only makes the growth of crops fast, output is high, has avoided soil pollution; Can also produce the agricultural product of sanitation and hygiene, pollution-free, nuisanceless, quality better; And cultivate and plant and need not carry out soil cultivation, improve the working condition of agricultural production greatly, thereby obtained promotion and application widely.

Cultivation technique without soil generally is divided into nutrient solution cultivation technique without soil and solid matrix cultivation technique without soil; Because the nutrient solution cultivation technique without soil is higher to administrative staff's technology, Capability Requirement; Therefore promote the comparison difficulty to masses; And the cost of nutrient solution is higher, and waste liquid also can pollute environment.Comparatively speaking, the novelty of solid soilless culture substrate contribution, have water-saving exactly, economize fertile, avoid advantage such as soil pollution.

As everyone knows, plant grow and rely on its root system, and growing of root system needs sufficient moisture, nutrient and air, in soilless culture, matrix is the carrier that root system adheres to, and also is the passage that root system absorbs, carries moisture, nutrient and air.Nutrient is present in the water with the form of ion, is absorbed by root system along with absorption of water.If the suction of matrix, water retention property are poor, then the moisture, the nutrient that absorb of root system is just insufficient, just the growth of root system, grow and can be obstructed.Do not have healthy and strong flourishing root system, plant just can not absorb airborne oxygen well, and oxygen also is a requisite important element for growth and development of plant.At present, the water conservation of the solid soilless culture substrate that uses in the production, nutrient preserving capability ability and permeability are generally all poor, and therefore, the air bubble that root system adheres to is few, mean that then the oxygen element that root system absorbs just lacks, and growing of root system will be suppressed.The growth of plant, growth also will be affected naturally, and the gently then underproduction is heavy then withered even dead.

In the exploitation of soilless culture substrate, at present mostly adopting peat, perlite is stock, with addition of the materials such as straw of part vermiculite, Shi Sha, stone grain, foamed plastics, fermentation carbonization through simply mixing; After one of its shortcoming is the matrix suction; Peat wherein, vermiculite, stalk can be attenuated and sink by the moisture dipping, and perlite can float to the top layer of matrix, and this has just reduced the permeability of matrix; Thereby the normal growth that influences root system is grown; The perlite come-up is to the surface, and the meeting epiphytic algae makes matrix rotten, smelly.

To the situation of the problems referred to above and the present ubiquity drought and water shortage of western China, it is very necessary and significant developing a kind of water conservation, protecting fertilizer efficiency fruit water conservation soilless culture substrate obvious, that permeability is good, production cost is low.

Three, summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of water conservation, protect the fertilizer efficiency fruit obviously, permeability is good, production cost is low, the simple soilless culture substrate of technology.

Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that water-loss reducer and fertilizer, auxiliary material, carrier are carried out proportioning through optimization formula is mixed and processed.

Water conservation soilless culture substrate of the present invention comprises following 11 kinds of materials, and each constituent title and shared percentage by weight are respectively: fertilizer 20-30%, careless carbon 10-15%, fine sand 16-20%, coarse sand 8-12%, vermiculite 8-12%, perlite 5-8%, calcium magnesium potassium breeze 5-7%, weathered coal 3-6%, ground phosphate rock 3-5%, bentonite 1-2%, water-loss reducer 0.4-0.8%.After above-mentioned each constituent weighed respectively according to said ratio,, join in the agitator successively from big to small according to the size order of each constituent proportion; Stirred again 5-10 minutes after all adding, make its full and uniform mixing, join in the warm air drier again; Dry more than half an hour; 60-80 ℃ of bake out temperatures through after carrying out PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as quality inspection, metering, packing, promptly become the qualified products of water conservation soilless culture substrate then.

Wherein fertilizer is that the warps such as stalk of ight soil, the plant of animal mix, ferment, macerate system and form, and after airing and screening, its moisture content is 8--15%, and its effect provides nutrient; The effect of fine sand and coarse sand is the permeability of adjustment matrix; The peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic granularity are less than 60 orders, and the granularity of other constituent is all less than 80 orders.

The present invention combines together after water-loss reducer and soilless culture substrate are handled through new Recipe; Both having solved water-loss reducer discharges difficulty and discharges uneven problem because of the little existence of consumption; Again can be with powerful the giving full play to of soilless culture substrate; Alleviate the degree of dependence of nursery stock, reduce and water number of times not even with watering to watering and irrigating.This water conservation soilless culture substrate can absorb the rainwater that in the past very easily is lost because of evaporation, seepage to be stored; The matrix moisture storage capacity is increased greatly; Because of it has air permeability and good, water penetration and heat insulating ability, so can improve the survival rate of seed germination rate, emergence rate and nursery stock transplanting.

Evidence, water conservation soilless culture substrate of the present invention have water conservation, it is fertile to protect, joint is fertile, regulate ground temperature, improve the soil, significantly raising the output, fertilizer efficiency slowly-releasing, strengthen resistance, low originally multi-efficiency efficiently.This soilless culture substrate can be widely used in cultivation, the transplanting of nursery stock; The cultivation of potted landscape; The construction on park, lawn, street, the greening of road both sides is on the growing and cultivation of arid, desert, regional vegetables, melon and fruit, grain, flowers, trees etc. such as saline and alkaline.

Use plants such as water conservation soilless culture substrate cultivation nursery stock of the present invention, only need low amounts of water, can effectively solve the drought and water shortage problem in NORTHWEST CHINA area, it has absorption, stores the double effects of fertilizer and moisture.It constantly absorbs or release moisture and nutrient according to the needs of plant, moves in circles, and keeps the plant root constant humidity for a long time; The assurance plant is flourished all the year round; Fertile optimum mechanism is supplied water, supplied to formation for a long time to plant, reduces the loss that moisture causes because of evaporation, infiltration, and water-saving rate is up to more than 80%.The present invention can be used as one of farmland water-saving supplementary measures of at present having implemented, is widely used in the stock growing of NORTHWEST CHINA arid area crops, gourd, fruit and vegetable and afforestation.Advantage of the present invention is: production technology is simple, the component reasonable mixture ratio, and applicability is good.

Four, embodiment

Following examples only are used to explain the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.

Following each constituent is comprised that the fertilizer 300kg (accounting 30%) of moisture content 10%, granularity are that 20-30 purpose fine sand 200kg (accounting 20%), granularity are that 4-8 purpose coarse sand 100kg (accounting 10%), granularity are all weighed respectively less than 80 purpose calcium magnesium potassium breeze 50kg (accounting 5%), weathered coal 40kg (accounting 4%), ground phosphate rock 30kg (accounting 3%), bentonite 17 kg (accounting 1.7%), water-loss reducer 3 kg (accounting 0.3%) less than 60 purpose vermiculite 100kg (accounting 10%) and perlite 60kg (accounting 6%), granularity less than 60 purposes grass carbon 100kg (accounting 10%), granularity; Then according to what of above-mentioned each constituent weight; Mix from many joining in the mixer successively to few order; Feed in raw material while stirring; After whole constituents add; Continue again to stir 3-5 minutes; The matrix that will mix then adds in the electric heating roller dryer, dries about 70 ℃ of bake out temperatures 30 minutes; Again the matrix of oven dry is carried out Weighing respectively according to the unit weight sign of the plastic packaging bag that designs and produces; Pack into then in these plastic packaging bags, again packaging bag is sealed, promptly become the qualified products of water conservation soilless culture substrate.The water conservation soilless culture substrate of being produced meets each item index of company standard.

Water conservation soilless culture substrate of the present invention is applicable to cultivation, the transplanting of the various crop seedlings of cereal crops, various flowers green grass, various plant bonsai, various rare trees, various gourd, fruit and vegetables or the like; Prove that through multinomial application test the effect of its water conservation water saving, the fertile joint fertilizer of guarantor, increasing both production and income is remarkable.

This water conservation soilless culture substrate has been applied to cultivation, the transplanting of various nursery stocks; The cultivation of indoor and outdoor potted landscape; The construction on park, street, lawn, residential area; On the growing and cultivation of the vegetables in the greening of road both sides and arid, desert, saline and alkaline area, melon and fruit, grain, flowers, trees etc., have significant water conservation, joint fertile, improve the soil, effect of increasing production and the high characteristics of cost poor benefit.

Claims

1. water conservation soilless culture substrate; Comprise 11 kinds of materials, it is characterized in that: the title and the percentage by weight of each constituent are respectively: fertilizer 20-30%, careless carbon 10-15%, fine sand 16-20%, coarse sand 8-12%, vermiculite 8-12%, perlite 5-8%, calcium magnesium potassium breeze 5-7%, weathered coal 3-6%, ground phosphate rock 3-5%, bentonite 1-2%, water-loss reducer 0.4-0.8%; After above-mentioned each constituent weighed respectively according to said ratio,, join in the mixer successively from big to small according to the size order of each constituent proportion; Stirred again 5-10 minutes after all adding, make its full and uniform mixing, join in the dryer again; Dry more than half an hour; 60-80 ℃ of bake out temperatures by after carrying out PROCESS FOR TREATMENT such as quality inspection, metering, packing, promptly become the qualified products of water conservation soilless culture substrate then.

2. a kind of water conservation soilless culture substrate according to claim 1; It is characterized in that fertilizer is that the warps such as stalk of ight soil, the plant of animal mix, ferment, macerate system and form; After airing and screening; Its moisture content is 8--15%, and the peat composed of rotten mosses, vermiculite and perlitic granularity are less than 60 orders, and the granularity of other constituent is all less than 80 orders.