CN101820878B - 用于治疗创伤后应激障碍的四氢喹啉衍生物 - Google Patents
用于治疗创伤后应激障碍的四氢喹啉衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以四氢喹啉衍生物制备用于预防或治疗创伤后应激障碍的药剂上的用途,并涉及用于预防或治疗创伤后应激障碍的该四氢喹啉衍生物。
背景技术
人类焦虑症为一种针对特定环境条件出现一群复杂且互相关联形式的异常情绪反应。依据临床表现和神经生物学受质的不同,人类焦虑症分成五种焦虑症亚型;此类亚型包括:广泛性焦虑症(GAD)、恐慌性焦虑症(PAD)、恐惧性焦虑症(PHOB)、强迫症(OCD)和创伤后应激障碍(下文简写为PTSD)。
食欲素受体拮抗剂为减少警觉和促进睡眠的新型神经系统或精神治疗药。其在动物和人体中的作用方式包括阻断脑中食欲素受体和调节睡眠和唤醒系统。当前,食欲素受体拮抗剂已发展用于治疗睡眠障碍和失眠。
WO 01/68609和WO 2005/118548揭露某些四氢喹啉衍生物(包括如下所述式I的化合物)为食欲素受体拮抗剂而且通常用于治疗焦虑症。然而,美国US 2007/0160538A1揭露以食欲素受体拮抗剂(包括以下所论及式I的化合物)于治疗若干类型焦虑症上的用途,但明确地不包括与压力有关的焦虑症(特别是PTSD)。
现在令人惊讶地发现,尽管美国2007/0160538 A1已有教示,但下文的式I食欲素受体拮抗剂可用于制备药剂,并且适用于预防或治疗PTSD。
发明内容
下文阐述本发明的不同实施例:
i)依据本发明,式I的化合物为
其中
R1与R2分别表示(C1-C4)烷氧基,
R3表示芳基-(C1-C4)烷基或者杂芳基-(C1-C4)烷基,且
R4表示氢或者(C1-C4)烷基,
或者该式I的化合物的药学可接受的盐,可用于制备药剂,并且适用于预防或治疗PTSD。
附图说明
图1:药理学试验结果柱形图。
具体实施方式
下面段落提供如本发明化合物的不同的化学部分基团的定义,旨在统一应用至说明书和权利要求,除非另外提供明确陈述的更宽或更窄范围的定义:
单独或者组合使用的术语″烷基″意指包含1至4个碳原子的饱和直链或分支链烷基。烷基的代表性实例包括甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基。术语″(Cx-Cy)烷基″(x和y为不同的整数)意指包含x至y个碳原子的直链或分支链烷基。
单独或者组合使用的术语″烷氧基″意指包含1至4个碳原子的饱和直链或分支链烷氧基。烷氧基的代表性实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、正丁氧基、异丁氧基、仲丁氧基和叔丁氧基。术语″(Cx-Cy)烷氧基″(x和y为不同的整数)意指包含x至y个碳原子的直链或分支链烷氧基。
术语″芳基″意指苯基,其可能被分别独立选自卤素、烷基、烷氧基、三氟甲基和三氟甲氧基的取代基取代1至3次。芳基的代表性实例包括但不限于苯基、4-三氟甲基-苯基、2-氟苯基、3-氟苯基、4-氟苯基、2-氯苯基、3-氯苯基、4-氯苯基、2-甲基苯基、3-甲基苯基、4-甲基苯基、2-甲氧基-苯基、3-甲氧基-苯基和4-甲氧基-苯基。
术语芳基(Cx-Cy)烷基(x和y为不同的整数)意指如前述定义 的(Cx-Cy)烷基中一个氢原子被如前述定义的芳基取代。芳基(C1-C4)烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于苯甲基、2-苯基-乙基和2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基。
单独或者组合使用的术语杂芳基意谓包含选自氧、氮和硫中可相同或不同的1、2或3个杂原子的5至10元单环状或双环状芳环。杂芳基可以未被取代或经独立选自卤素、(C1-C4)烷基、(C1-C4)烷氧基、三氟甲基或三氟甲氧基的至多三个取代基取代。该种杂芳基实例为吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噻吩基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、呋喃基、咪唑基、吡唑基、吡咯基、吲唑基、吲哚基、异吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、异噁唑基、噁唑基、噁二唑基、噻二唑基、喹喔啉、酞嗪基、噌啉基、异苯并呋喃基。优选的杂芳基为吡啶基,其可能未被取代或经甲基、乙基或甲氧基取代一次。
术语杂芳基-(Cx-Cy)烷基(x和y为不同的整数)意指如前述定义的(Cx-Cy)烷基中一个氢原子被如前述定义的杂芳基取代。杂芳基-(C1-C4)烷基的代表性实例包括但不限于任选地在吡啶环上经甲基、甲氧基、氯或三氟甲基取代一次的2-(吡啶-3-基)-乙基。
术语″药学可接受的盐″意指无毒的无机或有机酸及/或碱加成盐。参考″用于碱性药物的盐类选择(Salt selection for basicdrugs)″,Int.J.Pharm.(1986),33,201-217。
ii)根据本发明的一个优选实施例,如以上实施例i)中所定义式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐,其中R1表示甲氧基或乙氧基(优选甲氧基)。
iii)根据本发明的另一个优选实施例,如以上实施例i)或ii)中所定义式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐,其中R2表示甲氧基或乙氧基(优选甲氧基)。
iv)根据本发明的一个衍生例,如以上实施例i)、ii)或iii)中所定义式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐,其中R3表示芳基-(C1-C4)烷基。
v)根据以上实施例iv)衍生例的进一步的衍生例,如以上实施例iv)中所定义式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐,其中R3表示4-三氟甲基-苯基-甲基、2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基或者3-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-丙基(特别是2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基)。
vi)根据本发明的另一个衍生例,如以上实施例i)、ii)或iii)中所定义式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐,其中R3表示杂芳基-(C1-C4)烷基。
vii)根据以上实施例vi)衍生例的进一步衍生例,如以上实施例vi)中所定义式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐,其中R3表示(4-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-乙基、2-(4-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-乙基或3-(4-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-丙基(尤其2-(4-三氟甲基-3-吡啶基)-乙基)。
viii)根据本发明的一个进一步优选实施例,如以上实施例i)至vii)中所定义式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐,其中优选为R4表示(C1-C4)烷基(更优选(C1-C3)烷基,特别是甲基或乙基,尤其甲基)。
ix)以一般的方式,根据实施例i)至viii)的任一项用于或适于预防或者治疗PTSD的式I的化合物,或其药学可接受的盐,其中与苯基相连的碳原子的构型为(R),与R3相连的碳原子构型为(S),即式I的化合物具有以下描述的Iα构型
x)如实施例i)至v)和viii)或ix)的特别优选衍生例,用于或适于预防或治疗PTSD的式I的化合物,或其药学可接受的盐为2-{6,7-二甲氧基-1-[2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基}-N-甲基-2-苯基-乙酰胺或其一种药学可接受的盐。
xi)如实施例x)的优选衍生实施例,用于或适于预防或治疗PTSD的式I的化合物,或其药学可接受的盐为(R)-2-{(S)-6,7-二甲氧基-1-[2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基}-N-甲基-2-苯基-乙酰胺或其一种药学可接受的盐(尤其(R)-2-{(S)-6,7-二甲氧基-1-[2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基}-N-甲基-2-苯基-乙酰胺氢氯化物)。
xii)本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种治疗PTSD病人的方法,其包括施用足以治疗该PTSD的剂量的以上实施例i)中所定义的式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐。
xiii)本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种减少PTSD病人症状的方法,其包括施用足以减少该病人PTSD症状的剂量的以上实施例i)中所定义的式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐。
xiv)本发明的一个进一步实施例涉及一种预防易罹患PTSD的病人发生PTSD的方法,其包括施用足以预防该病人发生PTSD的剂量的如上实施例i)中所定义的式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐。
xv)本发明的另一个实施例涉及一种减少易罹患PTSD的病人(亦即已经遭受创伤压力的个体)的PTSD症状的方法,其包括施用足以减少该病人PTSD症状的剂量的以上实施例i)中所定义的式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐。
有关以上实施例xii)至xv)的相应方法,在以上实施例i)至xi)中所提及的式I的化合物和其药学可接受的盐必要时可加以变更以应用至此类方法中。
可采用本领域技术人员熟知的方法制备式I的化合物和其药学可接受的盐(参见例如WO 01/68609和WO 2005/118548)。
式I的化合物和其药学可接受的盐可作为药剂,用于预防或治疗PTSD,例如以医药组合物形式用于肠内或肠胃外施用。
医药组合物可按本领域技术人员熟知的方式制造(参见例如Remington的″药剂学和实践(The Science and Practice of Pharmacy)″,第21版(2005),第5部分,″医药制造(Pharmaceutical Manufacturing)″[由Lippincott Williams & Wilkins]出版),其由上述式I化合物或其药学可接受的盐,任选地使用其它有医疗价值物质,与适宜的无毒惰性且医疗上兼容的固体或液体载体物质,如果需要,再加入常用的医药助剂,一起形成盖仑施用剂型。
用于治疗PTSD的根据本发明的化合物或药学可接受的盐的剂量随施用方法、治疗个体的年龄和体重及其状态而变,并且最后取决于主治医师。计划施用病人以预防性或治疗性减少或消除PTSD症状的式I化合物的建议剂量介于每日1mg至1000mg之间(即每日每公斤体重施用0.015mg至15mg之间)、优选介于每日5mg至500mg之间(即每日每公斤体重施用0.075mg至7.5mg之间)、更优选介于每日10mg至200mg之间(即每日每公斤体重施用0.15mg至3mg之间)。
本发明的特殊实施例叙述于下面实例中,其更详细说明本发明,且未以任何方式限制其范围。
本发明化合物的药理学性能
式I的化合物对老鼠恐惧增强惊吓反应的效果
试验方法:
施用式I的化合物至动物,以评定其对情绪反应的作用。其反应性相对于无测试剂的反应出现下降,表示所施用的化合物减少害怕和忧虑。本文所使用的″对照组哺乳动物″可以为未接受处理的哺乳动物(即该动物未接受药剂施用或所接受的药剂不同于待评价的组合),及/或受过训练的对照组哺乳动物(亦即该哺乳动物受过训练以证明学习过的行为)。
在动物模式的恐惧增强惊吓反应中,发现对声刺激的情绪反应减少的迹象。相较于溶媒(PEG400)对照组处理和口服苯甲二氮卓(diazepam)的积极疗法,使用式I的化合物处理后1个小时,由声音刺激惊恐反应下降评定,观察到其具有类似解焦虑活性。在以特定程度的情绪反应为特征的Fischer F344品实验鼠中观察到上述现象。在人类医学上,相较于健康个体,已经观察到罹患PTSD焦虑症病人的声惊恐反应增加(在患有创伤后应激障碍的海湾战争老兵中的增加声惊恐反应(Exaggerated acoustic startle reflex in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder)。Am.J.Psychiatry(1996),153(1),64-68)。
在老鼠的恐惧增强惊吓过程中,采用中性刺激(如:灯光)与令人厌恶的刺激(如:中度的足电击)一起反复施加。当对动物施加响亮的声刺激时,若在惊恐刺激之前先施加灯光刺激时(害怕的典型条件性反射增加),会诱发动物增加惊恐反应。苯并二吖呼(benzodiazepine)解焦虑药会减弱反应增强度。利用听觉惊恐室记录惊吓反应。在黑暗中适应95分贝后,在有或无光的情况下,随机交互提供10次90、95或105分贝(持续50毫秒)的声刺激。在全部的试验阶段,取每一试验类型中每只老鼠的惊吓反应强度的平均值。
结果:
4组老鼠完成如上所述的测试后,获得以下结果:
仅使用溶媒处理的第一组12只老鼠(在图1中称为″对照组1″)
口服107mg/kg的(R)-2-{(S)-6,7-二甲氧基-1-[2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基}-N-甲基-2-苯基-乙酰胺氢氯化物的第二组12只老鼠(在图1中称为″化合物A″),
其结果概括于图1中。
由其中可见,在Fischer F344老鼠中,口服(R)-2-{(S)-6,7-二甲氧基-1-[2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基}-N-甲基-2-苯基-乙酰胺氢氯化物(化合物A,与″对照组1″的老鼠相比),如同口服苯甲二氮卓(与″对照组2″的老鼠相比),显著减少惊吓反应幅度。
Claims (6)
2.如权利要求1的用途,其中该式Ia的化合物或其药学可接受的盐的R1表示甲氧基或乙氧基。
3.如权利要求1的用途,其中该式Ia的化合物或其药学可接受的盐的R2表示甲氧基或乙氧基。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项的用途,其中该式Ia的化合物或其药学可接受的盐的R4表示甲基。
5.如权利要求1的用途,其中该式Ia的化合物或其药学可接受的盐为(R)-2-{(S)-6,7-二甲氧基-1-[2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基}-N-甲基-2-苯基-乙酰胺或其药学可接受的盐。
6.如权利要求5的用途,其中使用(R)-2-(S)-6,7-二甲氧基-1-[2-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-乙基]-3,4-二氢-1H-异喹啉-2-基}-N-甲基-2-苯基-乙酰胺氢氯化物。
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