CN101671079B - Method of constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance - Google Patents
Method of constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance Download PDFInfo
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- CN101671079B CN101671079B CN200810200813XA CN200810200813A CN101671079B CN 101671079 B CN101671079 B CN 101671079B CN 200810200813X A CN200810200813X A CN 200810200813XA CN 200810200813 A CN200810200813 A CN 200810200813A CN 101671079 B CN101671079 B CN 101671079B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in the fresh-water substance, which is characterized by effectively combining the ecological character of water with the ecological and physiological properties of aquatic organisms to build and repair the ecology of the water substance by the synergy of the symbiotic mode of various organisms such as sunken plants, emergent aquatic plants, floating plants, shellfishes, filter fishes, carnivorous fishes, predatory fishes, omnivorous fishes and herbivorous fishes, giving full play to the self-purification capacity of the ecological system of the water substance, controlling pollution to the water substance and protecting the environment of the waters. The method of the constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance of the invention can be suitably popularized in and applied to waters such as rivers, lakes, pools and streams.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the method that a kind of fresh water water ecology makes up, particularly relate to a kind of method of constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance.
Background technology:
Along with society, expanding economy, the waters is built more and more, simultaneously, since human to the irrational development and use of natural resources, and industrial and agricultural production pollutes water surrounding, cause algae and water to be grown, the water quality rapid deterioration, in addition smelly, had a strong impact on hydrobiological normal development and breeding, destroyed the balance of aquatic ecosystem, the direct or indirect human existence that threatens.Therefore, water pollution control and improvement more and more are subjected to people's great attention, at present the pollution control and the improvement method of fresh water water body are arisen at the historic moment, and mainly contain physics method, chemical method, biological process.The physics method has methods such as mechanical filter, dredging bed mud, light adjusting, regulation of level, electrion, ultrasonic wave, and these technique effects are for the moment more obvious, but are difficult for popularizing, and the cost height is difficult to extensive enforcement.Chemical method effect in short-term is more obvious, but in the course of time, drug-fast algae can occur in the water, algae removal usefulness descends gradually, and shorten at the interval that causes offeing medicine, the amount that adds increases, the kind of algicide is frequently changed, and environment is easily caused secondary pollution, and chemical agent is unfavorable for the normal growth of waterplant, hydrocoles, influence the formation of aquatic ecosystem, can't reach the lively beautiful effect of water ecology view.Biological process is based on microorganism, an amount of microbial strains, can quicken the decomposition of water pollutant, play the effect that purifies water, the reproduction speed of microorganism is surprising, being how much levels increases, breeding meeting more or less each time produces some variation kinds, cause microbiological treatment water quality ability drop, microbial numbers is difficult to control usually, and its growth is subjected to environmental influence very big, for example temperature, air pressure or the like, the resolvent of microorganism can cause water quality to degenerate once more simultaneously, and requires also more and more higher to the microbiobacterial agent environmental safety assessment both at home and abroad.
Making up and the reparation water ecosystem, is that water pollution is controlled and administered and the vital link of protection water area ecological environment.Though and the purification of water quality mode of single cropping waterplant or single input hydrocoles produces effect in a short time, be unfavorable for the balance, stable of water ecosystem, be unfavorable for long-term recovery to water ecosystem.How making up and recovering water ecosystem has become water pollution control and has administered the key technical problem that need urgently solve.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to provide a kind of method of constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance; it not only can be effectively combines the ecological characteristic of water body with hydrobiont ecological physiology characteristic; adopt multiclass species symbiosis mode to bring into play synergy; water ecology is set up and repaired; and; give full play to the self-purification capacity of water ecosystem, control water pollution, protection water environment.
The present invention is achieved in that the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance of the present invention is as follows for operation in water body to achieve the above object:
(1) select kind of a planting submerged plant in advance, the fraction of coverage that described submerged plant accounts for whole water body bottom surface is 25%-35%;
(2) then treat to plant emergent after 26-30 days, density is 3-5 strain/m
2, plantation 4-6 days emergent initial stages water body is variable to be mixed, and after 9-11 days, water body begins limpid;
(3) then treat to plant floatingleaved plant and pleuston successively after 12-15 days, plantation floatingleaved plant density is 1-2 strain/m
2, it is 10%-15% that the plantation pleuston accounts for whole coverage of water;
(4) then treat to begin after 8-10 days to throw in shellfish to water body, throwing in to directly being invested in the bottom or keeping hanging on the water body middle part, throwing in density is 2-6/m
3
(5) then treat to throw in filter-feeding fish after 6-7 days, fish body specification is elected the juvenile fish of 10-15cm as, and throwing in density is 2-4 tail/m
3
(6) then treat 6-7 days after, throw in predacious fish, fish body specification is 12-18cm, throwing in density is 1-2 tail/m
3
(7) treat that then feeding habits, ominivore-fish are scraped in input on a small quantity after 6-7 days, fish body specification is elected 9-13cm as, and input density is 1 tail/m
3
(8) by observing, when the paludification phenomenon appears in water body, begin to throw in herbivorous fishes, fish body specification 15-25cm, input density is 1 tail/m
3
(9) through said process, water ecosystem makes up and finishes substantially;
(10) at ordinary times routine observation, safeguard water shield shellfish growth, survival condition.
The submerged plant group that described submerged plant is combined into by eel grass, water caltrop, hydrilla verticillata, potarnogeton lucens, waterweed, wherein the shared fraction of coverage of each species is that eel grass accounts for 35% respectively, water caltrop accounts for 25%, hydrilla verticillata accounts for 20%, potarnogeton lucens accounts for 15%, waterweed 5%.Described emergent is calamus, cattail, Spiked Loosestrife, Scirpus tabernaemontani, reed, and plants according to the size adjustment of every kind of plant.Described floatingleaved plant is a lotus, and described pleuston is a Gorgon fruit.Described shellfish is a hydriopsis cumingii.Described filter-feeding fish is silver carp, bighead.Described predacious fish is snakehead, mandarin fish.Describedly scrape feeding habits, ominivore-fish is silver xenocypris fish, bream.Described herbivorous fishes are grass carp, triangular bream.
The present invention has adopted following water shield shellfish syntaxial system and has stated each function:
Plant planting submerged plant and have the purifying water body function, increase the water body dissolved oxygen, can improve substrate, can reduce water nutrition salt in a large number, for hydrocoles provides the habitat, the horn of plenty species diversity provides favourable guarantee, improves water quality.
The plantation emergent occupies consequence in water body, emergent in can adsorbed water body suspended particle, increase the transparency of water body, it can also absorb the nutritive element of water body, prevents the generation of eutrophication, also the place that can provide hidden, perch for hydrocoles, seasonal difference, select different emergent kinds,, also have landscape effect according to its level setting.
Plantation floatingleaved plant and pleuston increase species diversity, can improve water quality, and improve landscape effect.
The input shellfish can filter suspended particle and the algae in the drinking water body, decomposes residue and organism in the bed mud, increases water transparency, suppresses algae and grows, and reduces water nutrition salt.
Throw in filter-feeding fish can ingest suspended particle and algae in the water body, increase water transparency, reduce the nutritive substance in the water body.
Throw in the herbivorous fishes waterplant that can ingest, the nutrition that waterplant is absorbed is converted into animal proteinum, prevents that waterplant from breeding in a large number.
Throw in predacious fish and can control quantity and the growth of other fish, improve the balance, stable of water ecosystem, promote substance flow, energy stream, information stream in the water body.
Throw in and scrape feeding habits, ominivore-fish on a small quantity, can remove residue and organic debris in the bottom, can decompose the organism in the water body, the suspended substance of ingesting is further kept the stable of water ecosystem, improves food chain.
The present invention has following outstanding advantage: 1, water shield shellfish syntaxial system can be brought into play synergy, more obvious than single cropping waterplant and single input hydrocoles to improving the water quality effect, improve water transparency, reduce nutritive salt, help the foundation and the recovery of water ecology; 2, promote substance flow in the aquatic ecosystem, energy stream, information stream, built good water body environment for the existence of other association of plants and animals with perching, effectively promote the aquatic organism growth conditions to form, the horn of plenty ecological diversity provides favourable guarantee; 3, the configuration structure, space-time structure and the trophic structure that help water biological species form the nature food chain, and management maintenance is convenient; 4, improve microorganism growth condition in water body and the bed mud, help improving its pollution degradation material efficient; 5, planting aquatic plants combines with putting hydrocoles in a suitable place to breed, pays attention to space-time layout and view coordination on every side, helps creating multi-form ecoscape, and global optimization embodies harmony between man and nature, beautifies the waters view; 6, pay attention to natural, ecological, the protection species diversity, effectively prevention and control alien species ecological invasion improves ecological security; 7, protection municipal water ecological safety can reduce and adopt chemical agent, mechanical filter, manually salvages, changes the process for purifying water that water etc. is wasted time and energy and cost is high, helps the water body environment ecological construction.
By the technology of the present invention, the water body of structure can promote the water ecology balance fast, for hydrobiont is created healthy, graceful living environment, and makes water quality reach good.This pattern side effect is little, easy to operate, and simple and convenient management has stronger applicability and development prospect.
The method of constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance of the present invention can be suitable for penetration and promotion application in river, lake, pond, waters, streams.
Embodiment:
The method of constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance of the present invention is described in further detail by following embodiment.
Enforcement of the present invention, addressing is carried out in river course, white lotus river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi, PVG, water surface area reaches 1200m
2, depth of water 2.0m.
Concrete implementation step is as follows:
1, selects kind of a planting submerged plant in advance, the submerged plant group that plantation is combined into by eel grass, water caltrop, hydrilla verticillata, potarnogeton lucens, waterweed, the fraction of coverage that the described submerged plant group that is combined into accounts for whole water body bottom surface is 28%, the fraction of coverage difference of each species, wherein eel grass accounts for 35%, water caltrop accounts for 25%, hydrilla verticillata 20%, potarnogeton lucens account for 15%, waterweed 5%;
2, secondly treat to plant emergent after 27 days, plantation calamus, cattail, Spiked Loosestrife, Scirpus tabernaemontani, reed, according to the size adjustment plantation of every kind of plant, planting density is 3-5 strain/m
2, observe water transparency variation, vegetation growth state and results of regular determination water quality, plantation 5 days emergent initial stages water body is variable to be mixed, and after 10 days, water body begins limpid, and water quality reaches the III class;
3, then treat to plant the floatingleaved plant lotus successively after 15 days, density is 1-2 strain/m
2, the pleuston Gorgon fruit accounts for whole coverage of water 12%;
4, then treating to begin after 8 days to throw in shellfish to water body is hydriopsis cumingii, throws in and divides dual mode, and a kind of is directly to be invested in the bottom, and another kind is to keep hanging on the water body middle part, and throwing in density is 4/m
3, through observation in 5 days and mensuration, hydriopsis cumingii does not have death;
5, treat that then throwing in filter-feeding fish after 6 days is silver carp, bighead, fish body specification is elected the juvenile fish of 10-15cm as, and input density is 3 tails/m
3, to measure through observation in 5 days, water quality does not have deterioration, no fish death;
6, then treat 6 days after, the input predacious fish is snakehead, mandarin fish, fish body specification is 12-18cm, input density is 1 tail/m
3, to measure through observation in 5 days, water quality does not have deterioration, no fish death;
7, treat that then feeding habits are scraped in input on a small quantity after 6 days, ominivore-fish is silver xenocypris fish, bream, fish body specification is elected 9-13cm as, and input density is 1 tail/m
3, to measure through observation in 5 days, water quality does not have deterioration, no fish death;
8, by observing, when the paludification phenomenon will appear in water body, beginning to throw in herbivorous fishes was grass carp, triangular bream, fish body specification 15-25cm, and input density is 1 tail/m
3, to measure through observation in 5 days, water quality does not have deterioration, no fish death;
9, through 95 days, water ecosystem makes up and finishes substantially, and detects water quality, and survival of water shield shellfish and upgrowth situation are observed and safeguarded in regular maintenance.
The method of constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance of the present invention was implemented in river course, white lotus river rising in Ningxia and flowing into central Shaanxi, PVG year June in April, 2007-2008, and water surface area reaches 1200m
2, depth of water 2.0m, water quality is the IV-V class before the ecological structure of water shield shellfish, water quality leading indicator total nitrogen TN average out to 3.42mg/L, total phosphorus TP average out to 0.25mg/L, ammonia nitrogen NH
4-N average out to 2.49mg/L, permanganate index COD
MnAverage out to 10.38mg/L, dissolved oxygen DO average out to 5.48mg/L, transparency average out to 30cm.The ecological back that makes up of water shield shellfish produces ecological effect preferably to water body, and water quality reaches obvious improvement, and total nitrogen TN has reduced by 67.7%, total phosphorus TP has reduced by 75%, ammonia nitrogen NH
4-N has reduced by 75%, permanganate index COD
MnReduced by 77%, dissolved oxygen DO raise 63%, transparency is up to 2.0m, water quality totally reaches national surface water II-III class standard, the restoration of the ecosystem effect is very remarkable.
Claims (9)
1. the method for a constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance is characterized in that this method is as follows for operation in water body:
(1) select kind of a planting submerged plant in advance, the fraction of coverage that described submerged plant accounts for whole water body bottom surface is 25%-35%;
(2) then treat to plant emergent after 26-30 days, density is 3-5 strain/m
2, plantation emergent initial stages 4-6 sky and water are variable mixes, and after 9-11 days, water body begins limpid;
(3) then treat to plant floatingleaved plant and pleuston successively after 12-15 days, plantation floatingleaved plant density is 1-2 strain/m
2, it is 10%-15% that the plantation pleuston accounts for whole coverage of water;
(4) then treat to begin after 8-10 days to throw in shellfish to water body, throwing in to directly being invested in the bottom or keeping hanging on the water body middle part, throwing in density is 2-6/m
3
(5) then treat to throw in filter-feeding fish after 6-7 days, fish body specification is elected the juvenile fish of 10-15cm as, and throwing in density is 2-4 tail/m
3
(6) then treat 6-7 days after, throw in predacious fish, fish body specification is 12-18cm, throwing in density is 1-2 tail/m
3
(7) treat that then feeding habits, ominivore-fish are scraped in input on a small quantity after 6-7 days, fish body specification is elected 9-13cm as, and input density is 1 tail/m
3
(8) by observing, when the paludification phenomenon will appear in water body, begin to throw in herbivorous fishes, fish body specification 15-25cm, input density is 1 tail/m
3
(9) through said process, water ecosystem makes up and finishes substantially;
(10) at ordinary times routine observation, safeguard water shield shellfish growth, survival condition.
2. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the submerged plant group that described submerged plant is combined into by eel grass, water caltrop, hydrilla verticillata, potarnogeton lucens, waterweed, wherein the shared fraction of coverage of each species is that eel grass accounts for 35% respectively, water caltrop accounts for 25%, hydrilla verticillata accounts for 20%, potarnogeton lucens accounts for 15%, waterweed 5%.
3. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that described emergent is calamus, cattail, Spiked Loosestrife, Scirpus tabernaemontani, reed, and plants according to the size adjustment of every kind of plant.
4. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that described floatingleaved plant is a lotus, and described pleuston is a Gorgon fruit.
5. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that described shellfish is a hydriopsis cumingii.
6. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that described filter-feeding fish is silver carp, bighead.
7. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that described predacious fish is snakehead, mandarin fish.
8. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that describedly scraping feeding habits, ominivore-fish is silver xenocypris fish, bream.
9. the method for constructing ntaxial system ecology for fishes, grasses and shellfishes in fresh-water substance according to claim 1 is characterized in that described herbivorous fishes are grass carp, triangular bream.
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| CN101671079B true CN101671079B (en) | 2011-05-11 |
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