CN108142329A - The raw mullet seedling desalination in sea is cultivated and high benefit, the ecological cultivation method of low blowdown - Google Patents
The raw mullet seedling desalination in sea is cultivated and high benefit, the ecological cultivation method of low blowdown Download PDFInfo
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- CN108142329A CN108142329A CN201810103277.5A CN201810103277A CN108142329A CN 108142329 A CN108142329 A CN 108142329A CN 201810103277 A CN201810103277 A CN 201810103277A CN 108142329 A CN108142329 A CN 108142329A
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- 241001502129 Mullus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 241000252234 Hypophthalmichthys nobilis Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 241001609213 Carassius carassius Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 12
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241001459819 Carassius gibelio Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000755266 Kathetostoma giganteum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000252230 Ctenopharyngodon idella Species 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001275898 Mylopharyngodon piceus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001519451 Abramis brama Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 13
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 13
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000054450 Takifugu flavidus Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000008979 phosphorus utilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000357444 Epinephelus coioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269779 Lates calcarifer Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000932075 Priacanthus hamrur Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000630524 Taractes rubescens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009343 monoculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009344 polyculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019600 saltiness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to sea raw mullet seedling desalination cultivation and high benefit, the ecological cultivation method of low blowdown, including：The raw mullet seed in sea is subjected to three-level desalination, the mullet desalinated uses specific salinity gradient, fade time in desalination process and feeds food；It arranges in pairs or groups by scheduled ecological polyculturing and carries out fish culture, ecological polyculturing collocation mullet, filter ichthyophagy and other fishes obtained by the first step are formed, and other fishes are food fish and/or rich water fish；Within the predetermined cultivation phase, the growing state of mullet is inspected periodically, and feeding volume and/or feeding number are adjusted, mullet is made to reach predetermined dimension in expected Time To Market.The present invention can raise together the raw mullet in sea with fresh-water fishes, nitrogen phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment can not only be effectively reduced, improves feed N,P use efficiency and reduces feed coefficient, per mu yield economic benefit can also be effectively improved, it is ensured that while increasing economic efficiency, realize the environmental benefit of the low blowdown of breeding water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of raw mullet seedling desalination cultivation in sea and high benefit, the ecological cultivation methods of low blowdown, can carry
High economic benefit and the low blowdown of realization, belong to aquatic products environment-protecting cultivation technical field.
Background technology
In the degree of saltiness water body of Coastal beach, high, the very popular aquatic organism of many delicious valencys, such as mullet are grown
Deng.Develop tidal land characteristic culture fishery by developing and using these aquatic organisms, tidal land culture fishery can be greatly improved
Economic benefit, tidal land exploitation is given to inject new vitality, pushes national beach rational exploitation and utilization.Mullet is a kind of adaptability
Very strong fish, it is widely distributed, it is particluarly suitable for growing under the conditions of tidal land encloses the salt-fresh water of beach cultivation.Mullet fine and tender taste, taste
Road is delicious, full of nutrition, economic value is higher, deep to be welcome by consumers in general.The mullet speed of growth is fast, individual is big, feeding habits are miscellaneous,
Disease is few, is known as the title of " street cleaner ", is suitable for ecological polyculturing.Mullet is raised together in the pool of tidal land big water surface beach, can effectively be removed
The remaining bait of bottom of pond and excreta, make full use of Tan Tang spaces and bait, and regulating water quality reduces the usage amount of drug, improves
Culture efficiency.Mullet seed originates in seawater, has artificial breeding at present, but cost is higher, supply falls short of demand in market.
It is found through retrieval, application number CN200910214086.7, the Chinese invention of application publication number CN101779603A is special
Profit application discloses a kind of cultural method for improving eurysalinity seawater fish quality, mainly for Epinephelus coioides, avette silvery pomfret
The kinds such as Scad, barramundi, including：Selection health, neat specification seed, fry is desalinated step by step before putting in a suitable place to breed to
Rational salinity range；Wherein further include：When 1~2 month before the cultivation fish in pond reaches commercial specification, carry out salty step by step
Nature cleaning sea area net cage purifying aquaculture is moved to after changing to natural waters salinity.The technical solution uses " secondary cultivation " mode,
I.e. Low-salinity pond culture learns from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses with the cultural method that cleaning sea area cage culture is combined naturally, both avoids net cage
The farming disease harms frequently prevent difficult disadvantage, in turn avoid the contradiction of pond culture inferior quality.However, the life of mullet and these fishes
Habit living is different, therefore desalination technology and aquaculture model difference, which not designs specifically for mullet, and does not apply to
In mullet；Moreover, it is not concerned about environmental issue wherein.
Application number CN201510321715.1, the Chinese invention patent application of application publication number CN104982354A are open
A kind of ecological cultivation method of takifugu flavidus mullet parent population, including：Winter puts mullet reserve parent fish, outdoor earth pond in a suitable place to breed
1 1.5Kw aerator of outfit per 3-5 mus；With quick lime, pond is cleared and sterilized before putting in a suitable place to breed, and water filling after a week, water source is natural sea-water；Note
After water 10 days, 2 age mullet reserve parent fishes are put in a suitable place to breed, density is 20-30 tails/mu, without feeding intake；Spring, outdoor earth pond water temperature are raised to
14-15 DEG C, by 2 overwintering age takifugu flavidus fingerling stockings to outdoor earth pond, density 800-1000 tails/mu, daily bait throwing in 2
Secondary, daily ration of feeding is the 3-8% of takifugu flavidus fingerling weight, and bait is eel feed, is fed in bait table, according to feelings of ingesting
Condition adjusts the feeding amount of next time in time, changes water every 2 weeks 1 time；Mid or late November, takifugu flavidus harvesting is overwintering into canopy, and mullet stays
In pond to water temperature at the beginning of 1 month it is relatively low when do the pool fishing, select and remain it is satisfactory as parent population carry out reinforced cultivating.It however, should
Technical solution finally only obtains mullet parent population, and is sea-farming, and mating mixed breeding scheme is not designed exclusively for mullet；Together
When, the problem of which selects the purpose of mullet to be that pond water quality is maintained to stablize, have not focused on cultivation tail water low blowdown.
It is crucial that the technical solution is sea-farming pattern rather than Hai Shengyu and fresh-water fishes Polyculture.
Invention content
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are：Overcome the problems, such as of the existing technology, provide a kind of sea raw mullet seedling
Kind desalting breeding and high benefit, the ecological cultivation method of low blowdown can raise together the raw mullet in sea, and improving with fresh-water fishes
While economic benefit, the environmental benefit of the low blowdown of breeding water is realized.
The technical solution that the present invention solves its technical problem is as follows：
The raw mullet seedling desalination in sea is cultivated and high benefit, the ecological cultivation method of low blowdown, it is characterized in that, including following step
Suddenly：
The raw mullet seed in sea of predetermined quantity is put into the progress level-one desalination of desalination pond by the first step, then by the raw mullet in sea
Seed introduces another desalination pond and carries out two level desalination, and the raw mullet seed in sea is introduced another desalination pond later carries out three-level desalination,
The mullet of desalination is finally obtained, it is spare；
Wherein, the salinity of water body used in level-one desalination is 10 ± 1 ‰, and the salinity of water body used in two level desalination is 6-7 ‰, and three
The salinity of water body is 2-3 ‰ used in grade desalination；The fade time of desalinations at different levels is respectively 3-5 days；
When level-one is desalinated, the food fed is zooplankter or food the swimming by weight ratio 80 ± 5% fed
The soya-bean milk of animal and weight ratio 20 ± 5% is formed；When two level is desalinated, the food fed is soya-bean milk；When three-level is desalinated, feed
Food be soya-bean milk or the food that feeds by the soya-bean milk of weight ratio 80 ± 5% and the pellet structure of weight ratio 20 ± 5%
Into；
Second step carries out fish culture, water body used in cultivation by the collocation of scheduled ecological polyculturing in fingerling cultivates the big pool
Salinity be less than 3 ‰；The ecological polyculturing collocation mullet, filter ichthyophagy and other fishes obtained by the first step are formed, described other
Fish is food fish and/or rich water fish；The filter ichthyophagy is silver carp and/or bighead；The food fish is black carp, grass carp, carp, bream
One or a combination set of fish；The rich water fish is pond crucian carp and/or non-crucian carp；
It in ecological polyculturing collocation, is breeded fish based on a kind of fish or two kinds of fishes, using remaining fish as with breeding fish；The master
The stocking rate breeded fish accounts for 60~70%wt. of total stocking rate；
In the ecological polyculturing collocation, average size when putting in a suitable place to breed per tail fish is 90~150g；
Third walked, within the predetermined cultivation phase, inspected periodically the growing state of mullet, and to feeding volume and/or feed number
It is adjusted, mullet is made to reach predetermined dimension in expected Time To Market.
Inventor contemplates the thinking for raising together mullet and fresh-water fishes according to current demand, then through investigation it is found that
To mullet and fresh-water fishes are raised together, then need first to desalinate mullet seed：The Natural Survival water body of mullet seed
Its salinity is 12-15 ‰, to allow mullet that can finally survive in water body of the salinity less than 3 ‰, this is also fresh-water fishes existence water body
Salinity highest limit, can then be raised together with fresh-water fishes.However, inventor is in practice, it has been found that using existing ocean fish
There are problems for seedling desalination method：Some method weed survival rates are low, and a large amount of fries can be lost by desalination；Some methods
Overlong time seriously affects the arrangement of time of follow-up cultivation phase.Inventor has obtained above-mentioned by depth repeatedly practising research
Three-level desalination method in technical solution, i.e., specific three-level salinity gradient design, which combines, specifically feeds food, you can to the greatest extent
It measures in the short time and completes within (9-15 days) mullet desalination, and realize up to more than 95% weed survival rate, then can put into
Follow-up mixed breeding.
When determining ecological polyculturing collocation, inventor, which has also been made, in depth repeatedly practises research, and obtained specific life
State mixed breeding collocation, can not only effectively improve per mu yield economic benefit, moreover it is possible to effectively reduce nitrogen phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment, effectively improve feed
N,P use efficiency simultaneously reduces feed coefficient, is effectively improved bottom material of pond for breeding situation and effectively reduces breeding wastewater blowdown flow rate, it is ensured that
While increasing economic efficiency, the environmental benefit of the low blowdown of breeding water is realized.
Further perfect technical solution is as follows by the present invention：
Preferably, it is described with breeding fish as mullet, silver carp and bighead in ecological polyculturing collocation in second step, it is described
The stocking rate of mullet accounts for 30 ± 10%wt. of total stocking rate, and the stocking rate ratio of the silver carp and bighead is weight ratio 3~4：1.
During using this preferred embodiment, the yield of mullet, silver carp and bighead three can account for the 30-40% of total output.
It is highly preferred that the ecological polyculturing collocation is made of mullet, pond crucian carp, silver carp and bighead, wherein, it is supported based on pond crucian carp
Fish, mullet, silver carp and bighead are with breeding fish；Pond crucian carp includes hybridized prussian carp；The stocking rate of pond crucian carp accounts for the 60~70% of total stocking rate
Wt., the stocking rate of mullet accounts for 30 ± 10%wt. of total stocking rate, and the stocking rate of silver carp and bighead occupies the residue of total stocking rate
Part, and the stocking rate ratio of silver carp and bighead is weight ratio 3~4：1.
In addition, it is the tidal land big water surface beach pool that the fingerling, which cultivates the big pool,；Water body used in cultivation is seawater or artificial seawater.
Preferably, in the first step, oxygen increasing equipment and feeding equipment are equipped in the desalination pond；At the end of the first step, seed
Survival rate reaches more than 95%.Specifically, the desalination pond is located at the big side of a pond of fingerling cultivation, and by cement or fortifield village into；Institute
The quantity for stating desalination pond is 2~10, when it is 2 to desalinate pond quantity, has 1 desalination pond to be re-used；The face in the desalination pond
Product is 50m2~5000m2；Communication port is equipped between adjacent desalination pond, gate is equipped at the communication port, when communication port is opened, stream
Water is 1m3~1000m3/h.In addition, the shape of the communication port is arbitrary shape；The material of the gate is iron plate, plank
Or cement plate；Water body used in desalinations at different levels is respectively seawater or artificial seawater.
Preferably, in third step, after the growing state for checking mullet, judge that growth progress is too fast or excessively slow,
If growth progress is too fast, reduces feeding volume and/or feed number, if growth is slow into spending, increase feeding volume and/or
Feed number.The predetermined cultivation phase is made of initial stage, mid-term and later stage, the initial stage when a length of 30-60 days, the mid-term
Duration with the later stage is respectively 80-110 days；Initial stage does not change water, only supplements water body in right amount to maintain the predetermined depth of water；Mid-term and later stage
It persistently changes water and is gradually increased quantity of exchanged water, average water ratio of changing daily is volume ratio 1 ± 0.5%.
In addition, the predetermined cultivation phase is April to November；The fingerling, which cultivates, is equipped with oxygen increasing equipment in the big pool；It feeds
Feed main component is：Thick protein 31.51%, crude fat 6.56%, coarse ash 15.00%, calcium 1.52%, total phosphorus
1.05%, lysine 1.75%, crude fibre 12.87%, salt 1.02%, moisture 12.49%.
The present invention can raise together the raw mullet in sea with fresh-water fishes, can not only effectively reduce nitrogen phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment, improve
Feed N,P use efficiency simultaneously reduces feed coefficient, moreover it is possible to effectively improve per mu yield economic benefit, it is ensured that same what is increased economic efficiency
When, the environmental benefit of the low blowdown of realization breeding water.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the nitrogen of the embodiment of the present invention, phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment contrast schematic diagram；LN represents nitrogen environment load in figure,
LP represents phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment；A, b, BC represent the significance of difference respectively, and difference is not shown between the identical group of letter represents them
It writes, the different group of letter represents significant difference between them, and capitalization then represents that difference is extremely notable, similarly hereinafter, repeats no more.
Fig. 2 is the feed nitrogen of the embodiment of the present invention, phosphorus utilization contrast schematic diagram.A, b, B represent the significance of difference respectively.
Fig. 3 is the fish net response of the embodiment of the present invention and feed coefficient contrast schematic diagram.A, b, B represent that difference is shown respectively
Work property.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments.But the present invention is not limited to be given
The example gone out.
The raw mullet seedling desalination in sea that the present invention is embodied is cultivated and high benefit, the ecological cultivation method of low blowdown, packet
It includes：
The raw mullet seed in sea of predetermined quantity is put into the progress level-one desalination of desalination pond by the first step, then by the raw mullet in sea
Seed introduces another desalination pond and carries out two level desalination, and the raw mullet seed in sea is introduced another desalination pond later carries out three-level desalination,
The mullet of desalination is finally obtained, it is spare；
Wherein, the salinity of water body used in level-one desalination is 10 ± 1 ‰, and the salinity of water body used in two level desalination is 6-7 ‰, and three
The salinity of water body is 2-3 ‰ used in grade desalination；The fade time of desalinations at different levels is respectively 3-5 days；
When level-one is desalinated, the food fed is zooplankter or food the swimming by weight ratio 80 ± 5% fed
The soya-bean milk of animal and weight ratio 20 ± 5% is formed；When two level is desalinated, the food fed is soya-bean milk；When three-level is desalinated, feed
Food be soya-bean milk or the food that feeds by the soya-bean milk of weight ratio 80 ± 5% and the pellet structure of weight ratio 20 ± 5%
Into.
Desalinate and oxygen increasing equipment and feeding equipment are equipped in pond；At the end of the first step, weed survival rate reaches more than 95%.
Specifically, desalination pond is located at the big side of a pond of fingerling cultivation, and by cement or fortifield village into；Desalinate the quantity in pond for 2~
10, when it is 2 to desalinate pond quantity, there is 1 desalination pond to be re-used；The area for desalinating pond is 50m2~5000m2；Adjacent desalination
Communication port is equipped between pond, gate, when communication port is opened, streamflow 1m are equipped at communication port3~1000m3/h.In addition, connection
The shape of mouth is arbitrary shape；The material of gate is iron plate, plank or cement plate；Water body used in desalinations at different levels be respectively seawater or
Artificial seawater.
Second step carries out fish culture, water body used in cultivation by the collocation of scheduled ecological polyculturing in fingerling cultivates the big pool
Salinity be less than 3 ‰；Ecological polyculturing collocation mullet, filter ichthyophagy and other fishes obtained by the first step are formed, and other fishes are food
Fish and/or rich water fish；It is silver carp and/or bighead to filter ichthyophagy；Food fish is one or a combination set of black carp, grass carp, carp, bream；
Rich water fish is pond crucian carp and/or non-crucian carp；
In ecological polyculturing collocation, (note of being breeded fish based on a kind of fish or two kinds of fishes：It is calculated herein by specific fingerling class.Than
Such as, main to breed fish as a kind of fish of pond crucian carp, master breeds fish as two kinds of fishes of black carp and pond crucian carp, etc.), using remaining fish as with breeding fish；It is main to support
The stocking rate of fish accounts for 60~70%wt. of total stocking rate；In ecological polyculturing collocation, average size when putting in a suitable place to breed per tail fish for 90~
150g。
In ecological polyculturing collocation, with breeding fish as mullet, silver carp and bighead, the stocking rate of mullet account for total stocking rate 30 ±
The stocking rate ratio of 10%wt., silver carp and bighead is weight ratio 3~4：1.During using this preferred embodiment, mullet, silver carp and flathead
The yield of fish three can account for the 30-40% of total output.For example, ecological polyculturing collocation is by mullet, pond crucian carp, silver carp and flathead
Fish is formed, wherein, it breeds fish based on pond crucian carp, mullet, silver carp and bighead are with breeding fish；Pond crucian carp includes hybridized prussian carp；Pond crucian carp is put in a suitable place to breed
Amount accounts for 60~70%wt. of total stocking rate, and the stocking rate of mullet accounts for 30 ± 10%wt. of total stocking rate, and silver carp and bighead are put
Foster amount occupies the remainder of total stocking rate, and the stocking rate ratio of silver carp and bighead is weight ratio 3~4：1.
In addition, it is the tidal land big water surface beach pool that fingerling, which cultivates the big pool,；Water body used in cultivation is seawater or artificial seawater.
Third walked, within the predetermined cultivation phase, inspected periodically the growing state of mullet, and to feeding volume and/or feed number
It is adjusted, mullet is made to reach predetermined dimension in expected Time To Market.
After the growing state for checking mullet, judge that growth progress is too fast or excessively slow, if growth progress is too fast,
It then reduces feeding volume and/or feeds number, if growth is slow into spending, increases feeding volume and/or feed number.For example, shuttle
The listing specification of fish is between 800-1000g, if specification has reached more than 400g before June, it is necessary to feeding amount
It is adjusted, reduces feeding volume and/or reduce and feed number, to ensure that it reaches regulatory specifications in the stipulated time.
The predetermined cultivation phase is made of initial stage, mid-term and later stage, initial stage when a length of 30-60 days, mid-term and the duration in later stage
Respectively 80-110 days；Initial stage does not change water, only maintains the predetermined depth of water and supplements water body；Mid-term and later stage persistently change water and gradually
Quantity of exchanged water is increased, average water ratio of changing daily is volume ratio 1 ± 0.5%.
In addition, the predetermined cultivation phase is April to November；Fingerling, which cultivates, is equipped with oxygen increasing equipment in the big pool；The feed fed is main
Ingredient is：Thick protein 31.51%, crude fat 6.56%, coarse ash 15.00%, calcium 1.52%, total phosphorus 1.05%, lysine
1.75%, crude fibre 12.87%, salt 1.02%, moisture 12.49%.
The contrast test of embodiment, different breeding pattern
Six kinds of aquaculture models is used to carry out contrast test with identical cultivating condition, the mullet used is by desalinating above
Desalination mullet after journey, six kinds of aquaculture models are following (percentage is stocking rate ratio)：
T1,100% hybridized prussian carp；
T2 ,+20% silver carp of 80% hybridized prussian carp, flathead (mass ratio 3:1)；
T3,100% mullet；
T4 ,+20% mullet of 80% hybridized prussian carp；
T5 ,+10% silver carp of+30% mullet of 60% hybridized prussian carp, flathead (3:1)；
T6 ,+9% flathead of+15% silver carp of+8% grass carp of 68% hybridized prussian carp.
Wherein, T5 patterns belong to aquaculture model of the present invention.
The total stocking rate of fingerling is 1883kg/hm2.It is respectively per tail average size：119 ± 3.5g of hybridized prussian carp, silver carp
102g ± 2.8g, 121 ± 3.6g of bighead, 132 ± 4.7g of mullet, 97 ± 3.3g of grass carp.
April to November cultivation phase, each pool add up to the 24612kg that feeds intake.
Feed main component is：Thick protein 31.51%, crude fat 6.56%, coarse ash 15.00%, calcium 1.52%, always
Phosphorus 1.05%, lysine 1.75%, crude fibre 12.87%, salt 1.02%, moisture 12.49%.
During cultivation, aerator is determined out according to fish movement situation, 720h is opened on each pool.
Before cultivation in 30d, water is not changed, evaporated according to water or supplements addition a small amount of water situations such as leakage in right amount, maintains water
Deep about 1.6m.The cultivation intermediary and later stages take uninterrupted mode to be gradually increased quantity of exchanged water, average about to change water 1% daily.Precipitation
8232mm, sunshine time 1424h.
Result of the test 1：Compare carrying capacity of the environment, feed conversion and the economic benefit of each aquaculture model.
After testing, the nitrogen of each aquaculture model, phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment as shown in Figure 1, feed nitrogen, phosphorus utilization as shown in Fig. 2,
Fish net response and feed coefficient are as shown in Figure 3.
By result it is found that T5 patterns are respectively provided with advantage in all respects.T5 patterns make full use of the ecology of mullet and other fishes
Position is complementary, extends food chain, improves efficiency of feed utilization, increases yield and economic benefit.Compared with T1 monoculture pond crucian carp patterns, T5
The nitrogen of pattern, phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment reduce 21.89%, 19.65% respectively；Improve feed N,P use efficiency；Feed coefficient reduces
16%；Good economic benefit is achieved, mu is made a profit 3370 yuan, and economic benefit improves 32.51%.
Result of the test 2：Compare the bottom material of pond for breeding situation of each aquaculture model.
After testing, the bottom material of pond for breeding situation of each aquaculture model is as shown in the table：
Note：A, b, B represent the significance of difference respectively in table.
By result it is found that total nitrogen, total phosphorus content are all T3 maximums in bed mud, T5 is minimum, T3 respectively than T5 high 24.52%,
21.28%, difference all reaches the pole level of signifiance.Difference is not notable between T3 and T1, T4.Difference is not notable between T2, T5, T6.
Result of the test 3：Compare the breeding wastewater blowdown flow rate of each aquaculture model.
After testing, the breeding wastewater blowdown flow rate of each aquaculture model is as shown in the table：
Note：A, b, BC represent the significance of difference respectively in table.
By result it is found that being T3 ＞ T1 ＞ T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T6 ＞ by the sequence of nitrogen pool that breeding wastewater discharges outward
T5.Significant difference between T3 and T1.T3, T1 reach pole significant difference between T2, T4, T5, T6 respectively, but T2, T4, T5,
Difference is not notable each other between T6.The nitrogen discharged by breeding wastewater accounts for 22% (T5)~40% (T3) of feed nitrogen total amount.
Although the sequence for discharging total phosphorus content outward by breeding wastewater is more than for T3 ＞ T1 ＞ T6 ＞ T4 ＞ T2 ＞ T5, T3
T1, but difference is not notable therebetween, T3, T1 respectively between T2, T4, T5, T6 difference all up to the pole level of signifiance, but T2, T4,
Difference is not notable each other between T5, T6.The phosphorus discharged by breeding wastewater accounts for 8% (T5)~13% of feed phosphorus total amount
(T3)。
The sequence for discharging COD amounts outward by breeding wastewater is T3 ＞ T1 ＞ T4 ＞ T6 ＞ T2 ＞ T5.The COD rows of T3 and T1
High-volume difference reaches difference between the level of signifiance, with T2, T4, T5, T6 and reaches the pole level of signifiance, and difference is not notable between T2, T4, T5.
The SS discharge capacitys of T3 are noticeably greater than T1, and pole is noticeably greater than T2, T3, T4, T5, T6.It is poor between T1 and T2, T4, T5, T6
It is different also to have reached the level of signifiance.Difference is not notable between T2, T4, T5, T6.
In summary each result of the test is it is found that compared with other aquaculture models, and T5 patterns (aquaculture model i.e. of the present invention) are no
It is only capable of effectively improving per mu yield economic benefit, moreover it is possible to effectively reduce nitrogen phosphorus carrying capacity of the environment, effectively improve feed N,P use efficiency simultaneously
Feed coefficient is reduced, be effectively improved bottom material of pond for breeding situation and effectively reduces breeding wastewater blowdown flow rate, it is ensured that is improving economic effect
While beneficial, the environmental benefit of the low blowdown of breeding water is realized.
In addition to the implementation, the present invention can also have other embodiment.It is all to use equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation shape
Into technical solution, all fall within the present invention claims protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. the raw mullet seedling desalination in sea is cultivated and high benefit, the ecological cultivation method of low blowdown, it is characterized in that, including following step
Suddenly：
The raw mullet seed in sea of predetermined quantity is put into the progress level-one desalination of desalination pond by the first step, then by the raw mullet seed in sea
It introduces another desalination pond and carries out two level desalination, the raw mullet seed in sea is introduced another desalination pond later carries out three-level desalination, finally
The mullet desalinated, it is spare；
Wherein, the salinity of water body is 10 ± 1 ‰ used in level-one desalination, and the salinity of water body is 6-7 ‰ used in two level desalination, and three-level is light
The salinity of water body used in change is 2-3 ‰；The fade time of desalinations at different levels is respectively 3-5 days；
When level-one is desalinated, the food fed is the zooplankter of zooplankter or the food fed by weight ratio 80 ± 5%
It is formed with the soya-bean milk of weight ratio 20 ± 5%；When two level is desalinated, the food fed is soya-bean milk；When three-level is desalinated, the food that feeds
Object is soya-bean milk or the food that feeds is made of the soya-bean milk of weight ratio 80 ± 5% and the pellet of weight ratio 20 ± 5%；
Second step carries out fish culture by the collocation of scheduled ecological polyculturing in fingerling cultivates the big pool, the salt of water body used in cultivation
Degree is less than 3 ‰；The ecological polyculturing collocation mullet, filter ichthyophagy and other fishes obtained by the first step are formed, and other fishes are
Eat food fish and/or rich water fish；The filter ichthyophagy is silver carp and/or bighead；It is described food fish for black carp, grass carp, carp, bream it
One or combination；The rich water fish is pond crucian carp and/or non-crucian carp；
It in ecological polyculturing collocation, is breeded fish based on a kind of fish or two kinds of fishes, using remaining fish as with breeding fish；The master breeds fish
Stocking rate account for 60~70%wt. of total stocking rate；
In the ecological polyculturing collocation, average size when putting in a suitable place to breed per tail fish is 90~150g；
Third walked, within the predetermined cultivation phase, inspected periodically the growing state of mullet, and to feeding volume and/or feed number progress
Adjustment makes mullet reach predetermined dimension in expected Time To Market.
2. ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in second step, in ecological polyculturing collocation,
It is described with breeding fish as mullet, silver carp and bighead, the stocking rate of the mullet accounts for 30 ± 10%wt. of total stocking rate, the silver carp
Stocking rate ratio with bighead is weight ratio 3~4：1.
3. ecological cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the ecological polyculturing collocation is by mullet, pond crucian carp, silver carp
Fish and bighead are formed, wherein, it breeds fish based on pond crucian carp, mullet, silver carp and bighead are with breeding fish；Pond crucian carp includes hybridized prussian carp；Pond crucian carp
Stocking rate account for 60~70%wt. of total stocking rate, the stocking rate of mullet accounts for 30 ± 10%wt. of total stocking rate, silver carp and flathead
The stocking rate of fish occupies the remainder of total stocking rate, and the stocking rate ratio of silver carp and bighead is weight ratio 3~4：1.
4. ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it is the big water surface beach of tidal land that the fingerling, which cultivates the big pool,
The pool；Water body used in cultivation is seawater or artificial seawater.
5. ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the first step, oxygenation is equipped in the desalination pond
Equipment and feeding equipment；At the end of the first step, weed survival rate reaches more than 95%.
6. ecological cultivation method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the desalination pond is located at fingerling and cultivates the big side of a pond,
And by cement or fortifield village into；The quantity in the desalination pond is 2~10, when it is 2 to desalinate pond quantity, there is 1 desalination pond quilt
Multiplexing；The area in the desalination pond is 50m2~5000m2；Communication port is equipped between adjacent desalination pond, lock is equipped at the communication port
Door, when communication port is opened, streamflow 1m3~1000m3/h。
7. ecological cultivation method according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, the shape of the communication port is arbitrary shape；Institute
The material for stating gate is iron plate, plank or cement plate；Water body used in desalinations at different levels is respectively seawater or artificial seawater.
8. ecological cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in third step, in the growing state for checking mullet
Afterwards, judge that growth progress is too fast or excessively slow, if growth progress is too fast, reduces feeding volume and/or feed number, if
Growth is slow into spending, then increases feeding volume and/or feed number.
9. ecological cultivation method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the predetermined cultivation phase by initial stage, mid-term and after
Phase form, the initial stage when a length of 30-60 days, the mid-term and the duration in later stage are respectively 80-110 days；Initial stage does not change water,
Water body is only supplemented in right amount to maintain the predetermined depth of water；Mid-term and later stage persistently change water and are gradually increased quantity of exchanged water, average to change water daily
Ratio is volume ratio 1 ± 0.5%.
10. ecological cultivation method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, the predetermined cultivation phase is April to November；Institute
Fingerling is stated to cultivate in the big pool equipped with oxygen increasing equipment；The feed main component fed is：Thick protein 31.51%, crude fat
6.56%, coarse ash 15.00%, calcium 1.52%, total phosphorus 1.05%, lysine 1.75%, crude fibre 12.87%, salt
1.02%, moisture 12.49%.
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| CN114009375A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2022-02-08 | 河南大学三亚研究院 | Seawater fish desalination culture method |
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