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CN101474968A - 在混合动力系统中控制功率执行器的方法 - Google Patents

在混合动力系统中控制功率执行器的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101474968A
CN101474968A CNA2008101895865A CN200810189586A CN101474968A CN 101474968 A CN101474968 A CN 101474968A CN A2008101895865 A CNA2008101895865 A CN A2008101895865A CN 200810189586 A CN200810189586 A CN 200810189586A CN 101474968 A CN101474968 A CN 101474968A
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China
Prior art keywords
power
torque
group
output
constraint
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Granted
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CN101474968B (zh
Inventor
A·H·希普
W·R·考索恩
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • F16H37/10Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts
    • F16H2037/105Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing
    • F16H2037/106Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing at both ends of intermediate shafts characterised by number of modes or ranges, e.g. for compound gearing with switching means to provide two variator modes or ranges
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Abstract

一种控制动力系统的方法包括基于第一功率执行器的一组功率约束来控制第一功率执行器。该方法还包括基于第二功率执行器的一组功率约束来控制第二功率执行器。

Description

在混合动力系统中控制功率执行器的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求申请号为No.60/985,250,申请日为2007年11月4日的美国临时申请的优先权,并将其全文引入作为参考。
技术领域
本公开涉及管理混合动力系统中的电功率。
背景技术
本部分的叙述只是提供与本公开相关的背景信息,并可能不构成现有技术。
已知的动力系结构包括转矩产生装置,包括内燃机和电机,电机通过变速器将转矩传递给输出部件。一个示意性的混合动力系包括双模式复合分离机电变速器,其中机电变速器使用从原动机功率源(优选内燃机)接收牵引转矩的输入部件和输出部件。输出部件可操作地连接到机动车的传动系统,以向其传递牵引转矩。作为电动机或者发电机操作的电机产生传递给变速器的转矩输入,此转矩输入与来自内燃机的转矩输入无关。电机可以将通过车辆的传动系统传递的车辆动能转换成可存储在电能存储装置中的电能。控制系统监控来自车辆和操作者的各种输入并且提供混合动力系统的操作控制,包括控制变速器操作状态和换档,控制转矩产生装置,以及调节电能存储装置和电机之间的电能交换以管理包括转矩和转速的变速器的输出。
发明内容
动力系统包括多个功率执行器,变速器装置和能量存储装置。变速器装置可操作在功率执行器和输出部件之间传递功率以产生输出转矩。用于控制动力系统的方法包括:确定对输出部件的功率的操作者请求;确定能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束;以及基于能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束确定第一功率执行器的一组功率约束。确定能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束并基于能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束确定第二功率执行器的一组功率约束。基于第一功率执行器的这组功率约束控制第一功率执行器,并基于第二功率执行器的这组功率约束控制第二功率执行器。
附图说明
参考后面的附图,下面将通过举例的方式描述一个或多个实施例,其中:
图1是根据本公开的示意性的动力系统的示意性框图;
图2是根据本公开的控制系统和动力系统的示意性结构的示意性框图;
图3和4是根据本公开的控制系统结构的示意性流程图,用于控制并管理动力系统中的转矩;
图5-8是根据本公开的示意性控制方案的流程图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,其所示的目的仅仅是为了解释特定实施例并不是对其的约束,图1和2描述了示意性的机电混合动力系统。图1描述了根据本公开的示意性机电混合动力系,其包含可操作地连接到发动机14以及第一和第二电机(‘MG-A’)56和(‘MG-B’)72的双模式复合分离机电混合动力变速器10。发动机14以及第一和第二电机56和72中的每一个都能够产生传递给变速器10的功率。根据输入和电机转矩(这里分别用TI,TA和TB表示)以及速度(这里分别用NI,NA和NB表示)对由发动机14以及第一和第二电机56和72产生并传递给变速器10的功率进行描述。
示意性的发动机14包括选择性运行于几个状态下通过输入轴12将转矩传递给变速器10的多缸式内燃机,可以是点燃或压燃发动机。发动机14包括操作性连接到变速器10的输入轴12的曲轴(未示出)。转速传感器11监控输入轴12的转速。由于发动机14和变速器10之间的输入轴12上设置了转矩消耗元件,如,液压泵(未示出)和/或转矩管理装置(未示出),所以从发动机14输出的包括转速和发动机转矩的功率可以与变速器10的输入速度NI和输入转矩TI不同。
示意性的变速器10包括三套行星齿轮组24,26和28,以及四个选择性可接合转矩传递装置,即,离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75。如这里所采用到的,离合器指任意类型的摩擦转矩传递装置,例如,包括单个或复合片式离合器或包式(packs),带式离合器,和制动器。优选由变速器控制模块(下文的‘TCM’)17控制的液压控制电路42用于控制离合状态。离合器C2 62和C4 75优选包括液压应用的旋转摩擦离合器。离合器C1 70和C3 73优选包括能够选择性连接到变速箱68的液压控制固定装置。每个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75优选采用液压,通过液压控制电路42选择性接收加压的液压油。
第一和第二电机56和72优选地包括三相AC电机和相应的解析器80和82,每一个电机包括定子(未示出)和转子(未示出)。每个电机的电机定子固定到变速箱68的外部,并且包括具有从其延伸缠绕的电绕组的定子铁心。第一电机56的转子支撑在操作性通过第二行星齿轮组26连接到转轴60的毂衬齿轮上。第二电机72的转子固定连接到套轴轮毂66。
每个解析器80和82优选包括包含解析器定子(未示出)和解析器转子(未示出)的可变磁阻装置。解析器80和82适当定位并组装在各个第一和第二电机56和72上。各解析器80和82的定子操作性地连接到第一和第二电机56和72的一个定子上。解析器转子操作性地连接到相应的第一和第二电机56和72的转子上。每个解析器80和82信号并操作性地连接到变速器功率变换器控制模块(下文的‘TPIM’)19,而且每一个都检测并监控解析器转子相对于解析器定子的旋转位置,从而监控第一和第二电机56和72各自的旋转位置。此外,从解析器80和82输出的信号分别被编译以提供第一和第二电机56和72旋转速度,即,NA和NB
变速器10包括输出部件64,例如,转轴,操作性地连接到车辆(未示出)的传动系统90,从而将传递给车轮93(图1示出了其中之一)的输出功率提供给传动系统90。输出部件64处的输出功率取决于输出转速NO和输出转矩TO。变速器输出速度传感器84监控输出部件64的转速和旋转方向。每个车轮93优选配备有适于监控车轮速度的传感器94,其输出由图2所示的分布式控制模块系统的控制模块监控,以确定用于制动控制,牵引控制,和车辆加速度管理的车速,以及绝对和相对车轮速度。
发动机14的输入转矩以及第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩(分别为TI,TA和TB)由燃料或存储在电能存储装置(下文的‘ESD’)74的电势进行能量转换所产生。ESD 74是通过DC转接导体27而高压DC连接到TPIM 19。转接导体27包括接触开关38。当接触开关38闭合时,在正常操作下,电流可以在ESD74和TPIM 19之间流动。当接触开关38断开时,ESD 74和TPIM 19之间的电流中断。TPIM 19通过转接导体29将电功率输送到第一电机56并从第一电机56输送电功率,同样,TPIM 19通过转接导体31将电功率输送到第二电机72并从第二电机72输送电功率,以响应电机转矩TA和TB满足第一和第二电机56和72的转矩指令。根据ESD 74是充电还是放电,向ESD 74输送电流并从ESD74输送电流。
TPIM 19包括一对功率变换器(未示出)和各自的电机控制模块(未示出),电机控制模块构成为接收转矩指令并据此控制变换器状态,用于提供电机驱动或再生功能以满足指令的电机转矩TA和TB。功率变换器包括公知的互补三相功率电子设备,每个设备包括多个绝缘栅双极性晶体管(未示出),用于通过高频转换将来自ESD 74的DC功率变换成AC功率,从而为各个第一和第二电机56和72供电。绝缘栅双极性晶体管构成用于接收控制指令的开关型电源。每个三相电机的每一相典型地具有一对绝缘栅双极性晶体管。控制绝缘栅双极性晶体管状态以提供电机驱动机械功率产生或电功率再生功能。三相变换器通过DC转接导体27接收或提供DC电功率,并且将其转换为三相AC功率或将三相AC功率转换,三相变换器通过各自的转接导体29和31将功率传送到第一和第二电机56和72或从第一和第二电机56和72传送功率,从而作为电动机或发电机运行。
图2是分布式控制模块系统的示意图。下文所描述的元件包括总车辆控制结构的子组,并为图1所示的示意性混合动力系统的协调系统控制。分布式控制模块系统综合相关的信息和输入,并执行算法来控制各种执行器,从而满足控制目标,包括与燃料经济性、排放、性能、驾驶性能、和硬件保护相关的目标,包括ESD74的电池以及第一和第二电机56和72。分布式控制模块系统包括发动机控制模块(下文的‘ECM’)23,TCM 17,电池组控制模块(下文的‘BPCM’)21,和TPIM 19。混合动力控制模块(下文的‘HCP’)5为ECM 23,TCM 17,BPCM 21和TPIM 19提供管理控制和协调。用户界面(‘UI’)13操作性地连接到多个设备,车辆操作者通过这些设备来控制或指挥机电混合动力系统的操作。这些设备包括加速踏板113(‘AP’),操作者制动踏板112(‘BP’),变速器档位选择器114(‘PRNDL’),和车速巡航控制(未示出)。变速器档位选择器114可以具有离散数量的操作者可选位置,包括输出部件64的旋转方向,以实现向前和向后之一。
上述控制模块通过局域网络(下文的‘LAN’)总线6与其它控制模块,传感器,和执行器进行通信。LAN总线6允许各种控制模块之间进行操作参数状态和执行器指令信号的结构通信。所采用的专门通信协议是专用的。LAN总线6和专用协议在前述控制模块和其它控制模块之间提供鲁棒通信联系和多控制模块接口,其它控制模块提供包括,例如,防抱死制动,牵引控制和车辆稳定性这些功能。多路通信总线可以用来提高通信速度并提供一些等级的信号冗余和完整性。单个控制模块之间的通信也可以利用直接链路,例如,串行外围接口(‘SPI’)总线(未示出)来实现。
HCP 5提供混合动力系统的监督控制,用于协调ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM19,和BPCM 21的操作。HCP 5根据来自用户界面13和包括ESD 74的混合动力系统的各种输入信号来确定操作者转矩请求,输出转矩指令,发动机输入转矩指令,变速器10的应用转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 63,C4 75的离合器转矩,以及第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩TA和TB。TCM 17操作性地连接到液压控制电路42,并提供各种功能,这些功能包括监控各种压力传感装置(未示出)以及产生控制信号并将这些控制信号传送到各种螺线管(未示出),从而控制包含在液压控制电路42内部的压力开关和控制阀。
ECM 23操作性地连接到发动机14并用于通过多个独立线路(为简单起见用总的双向接口电缆35表示)从发动机14的传感器和控制执行器获取数据。ECM 23接收来自HCP 5的发动机输入转矩指令。ECM 23根据基于监控的发动机速度和负载来及时确定在该时间点上提供给变速器10的实际发动机输入转矩TI,其被传送给HCP 5。ECM 23监控来自转速传感器11的输入以确定输入给输入轴12的发动机输入速度,其被转换成变速器输入速度NI。ECM 23监控传感器(未示出)的输入以确定包括,例如,歧管压力,发动机冷却液温度,环境空气温度,和环境压力的其它发动机操作参数的状态。例如,根据歧管压力,或者可替换的,根据监控加速踏板113的操作者输入可以确定发动机负载。ECM23产生并传送指令信号来控制发动机执行器,包括,例如,燃料喷射器,点火模块,以及节气门控制模块,未示出它们。
TCM 17操作性地连接到变速器10并监控来自传感器(未示出)的输入以确定变速器操作参数的状态。TCM 17产生并传送指令信号以控制变速器10,包括控制液压电路42。从TCM 17到HCP 5的输入包括每个离合器,即,C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75的估算离合器转矩,以及输出部件64的旋转输出速度NO。可以采用其它执行器和传感器来为控制提供从TCM 17到HCP 5的其它信息。TCM 17监控来自压力开关(未示出)的输入,并选择性地启动液压电路42的压力控制螺线管(未示出)和换档螺线管(未示出),以选择性地起动各离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75,从而获得各种变速器操作范围状态,如下文所述。
BPCM 21信号连接到传感器(未示出)以监控包括电流和电压参数状态的ESD 74,从而为HCP 5提供表示ESD 74的电池参数状态的信息。电池参数状态优选包括电池充电状态,电池电压,电池温度,以及用范围PBAT_MIN到PBAT_MAX表示的可用电池功率。
制动控制模块(下文的‘BrCM’)22操作性地连接到每个车轮93上的摩擦制动器(未示出)。BrCM 22监控制动踏板112的操作者输入并产生控制信号来控制摩擦制动器,同时向HCP 5发送控制信号以在此基础上操纵第一和第二电机56和72。
每个控制模块ECM 23,TCM 17,TPIM 19,BPCM 21,和BrCM 22优选通用型数字计算机,包括:微处理器或中央处理单元;包括只读存储器(‘ROM’),随机存取存储器(‘RAM’),电可编程只读存储器(‘EPROM’)的存储介质;高速时钟;模数(‘A/D’)和数模(‘D/A’)电路;输入/输出电路和设备(‘I/O’);以及合适的信号调节和缓冲电路。每个控制模块具有一套控制算法,包括常驻程序指令和存储在一个存储介质中并被执行用于为每个计算机提供各自功能的标定。控制模块之间的信息传递优选利用LAN总线6和SPI总线来实现。在预定的周期中执行控制算法使得每个算法在每个周期中至少执行一次。存储在非易失存储器装置中的算法利用预定的标定通过一个中央处理单元执行,以监控来自传感装置的输入并执行控制和诊断程序,从而控制执行器的操作。在混合动力系统正在运行期间,以有规则的间隔执行周期,例如,每3.125,6.25,12.5,25和100毫秒的间隔。可替换的,可以响应事件的发生来执行算法。
示意性的混合动力系统选择性地运行于几个操作范围状态中的一个状态,这些状态可以借助发动机状态和变速器状态来描述,其中发动机状态包括发动机运行状态(‘ON’)和发动机停机状态(‘OFF’),变速器状态包括多个固定传动比和连续可变操作模式,参考下面表1的描述。
表1
Figure A200810189586D00121
每个变速器操作范围状态都在表1中进行了描述,并指示对于每个操作范围状态而言都采用了哪些特定离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75。第一连续可变模式,即,EVT模式1或M1,通过仅采用离合器C170来选择,以“固定”第三行星齿轮组28的外部齿轮部件。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M1_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M1_Eng_Off’)中的一个。第二连续可变模式,即,EVT模式2或M2,通过采用离合器C262来选择,以将轴60连接到第三行星齿轮组28的行星架(carrier)。发动机状态可以是ON(‘M2_Eng_On’)或OFF(‘M2_Eng_Off’)中的一个。为说明起见,当发动机状态为OFF时,发动机输入速度等于0转/分钟(‘RPM’),即,发动机曲轴不转动。固定档位操作使得变速器10具有固定比操作的输入与输出速度比,即,NI/No。第一固定档位操作(‘G1’)通过采用离合器C170和C475来选择。第二固定档位操作(‘G2’)通过采用离合器C170和C2 62来选择。第三固定档位操作(‘G3’)通过采用离合器C2 62和C4 75来选择。第四固定档位操作(‘G4’)通过采用离合器C2 62和C3 73来选择。由于行星齿轮24,26,和28的传动比减小,所以输入与输出速度的固定比操作随着固定档位操作的增加而增加。第一和第二电机56和72的转速,NA和NB分别取决于由离合所限定的机构的内旋转,并与输入轴12所检测的输入速度成比例。
HCP 5和一个或多个其它控制模块响应于由用户界面13所捕获的通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入来确定用于控制包括发动机14以及第一和第二电机56和72的转矩发生装置的转矩指令,以满足传递给传动系统90的输出部件64的操作者转矩请求。HCP 5基于来自用户界面13和包括ESD 74的混合动力系统的输入信号,分别确定操作者转矩请求,从变速器10到传动系统90的指令输出转矩,发动机14的输入转矩,变速器10的转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75的离合器转矩,以及第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩,如下文所述。
最终车辆的加速度可能受其它因素的影响,这些因素包括,例如,道路负载,道路等级,和车辆质量。变速器10的操作范围状态基于混合动力系统的各种操作特性确定。这包括通过加速踏板113和制动踏板112传递给用户界面13的操作者转矩请求,如前面所述。可以根据在电能产生模式或转矩产生模式下操作第一和第二电机56和72的指令所产生的混合动力系统转矩需求来判定操作范围状态。可以通过最优算法或程序来确定操作范围状态,该算法或程序根据对功率的操作者需求,电池充电状态,以及发动机14和第一和第二电机56和72的能量效率来确定最佳系统效率。控制系统根据已执行的最优程序的结果来管理来自发动机14以及第一和第二电机56和72的转矩输入,籍此优化系统效率,以管理燃料经济性和电池充电。此外,可以根据构件或系统的故障来确定操作。HCP 5监控转矩产生装置,并响应于输出部件64的期望输出转矩来确定变速器10所需的功率输出,以满足操作者转矩请求。从上面的描述应该清楚,ESD 74以及第一和第二电机56和72操作性地电连接,以用于二者之间的功率流。此外,发动机14,第一和第二电机56和72,以及机电变速器10操作性地机械连接,以在其间传递功率,从而产生到输出部件64的功率流。
图3和4示出了用于控制和管理具有多个转矩产生装置的动力系统中的转矩和功率流的控制系统结构,下文参考图1和2所示的混合动力系统进行描述,其以可执行的算法和标定的形式存在于前述的控制模块中。控制系统结构可以应用于具有多个转矩产生装置的任何动力系统,包括,例如,具有单个电机的混合动力系统,具有多个电机的混合动力系统,以及非混合动力系统,
图3和4的控制系统结构示出了通过控制模块的相关信号流向。操作中,监控加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入来确定转矩请求(‘To_req’)。监控发动机14和变速器10的操作来确定输入速度(‘Ni’)和输出速度(‘No’)。战略优化控制方案(‘Strategic Control’)310根据输出速度和操作者转矩请求来确定优选输入速度(‘Ni_Des’)以及优选发动机状态和变速器操作范围状态(‘Hybrid Range State Des’),并且优选是基于混合动力系统的其它操作参数,包括电池功率限值以及发动机14,变速器10,第一和第二电机56和72的响应限值。战略优化控制方案310优选通过HCP 5在每100毫秒的周期和每25毫秒的周期中执行。
战略优化控制方案310的输出用于换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案(‘Shift Execution and Engine Start/Stop’)320中以命令变速器操作(‘TransmissionCommand’)中包括改变操作范围状态的变化。这包括,如果优选操作范围状态不同于当前操作范围状态,则通过命令一个或多个离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75的应用中的变化和其它变速器指令来命令操作范围状态变化的执行。可以确定当前操作范围状态(‘Hybrid Range State Actual’)和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)。输入速度曲线是即将到来的输入速度的估算,优选包括作为即将到来的周期的目标输入速度的标量参数值。发动机操作指令和操作者转矩请求是基于在变速器的操作范围状态转换期间的输入速度曲线。
战术控制方案(‘Tactical Control and Operation’)330在一个控制周期内重复执行,以基于输出速度,输入速度,以及操作者转矩请求和变速器的当前操作范围状态来确定操作发动机的发动机指令,这些指令包括从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩。发动机指令还包括发动机状态,发动机状态包括全缸(all-cylinder)操作状态和其中部分发动机汽缸停用并且无供油的汽缸停用操作状态,并且发动机状态包括燃料供应状态和燃料切断状态。
TCM 17估算每个离合器的离合器转矩(‘Tcl’),包括当前应用的离合器和未应用的离合器,而ECM 23确定作用于输入部件12的当前发动机输入转矩(‘Ti’)。执行输出和电机转矩确定方案(‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’)340来确定来自动力系统的优选输出转矩(‘To_cmd’),本实施例中它包括用于控制第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。优选输出转矩基于每个离合器的估算离合器转矩,来自发动机14的当前输入转矩,当前操作范围状态,输入速度,操作者转矩请求,和输入速度曲线。第一和第二电机56和72通过TPIM 19进行控制,以满足基于优选输出转矩的优选电动转矩指令。输出和电机转矩确定方案340包括以6.25毫秒和12.5毫秒的周期规则执行的算法代码,以确定优选电机转矩指令。
图4详细示出了用于控制和管理混合动力系统中的输出转矩的系统,参考图1和2所示的混合动力系统和图3的控制系统结构进行描述。对混合动力系统进行控制以将输出转矩传递给输出部件64,进而传递给传动系统90以在车轮93上产生牵引转矩,从而当变速器档位选择器114的操作选择位置指示车辆向前方运行时响应加速踏板113的操作者输入向前驱动车辆。优选地,向前驱动车辆导致车辆向前加速,只要输出转矩足以克服例如,因道路等级、空气动力负载、和其它负载引起的车辆外部负载即可。
操作中,监控加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入以确定操作者转矩请求。确定输出部件64和输入部件12的当前速度,即,NO和Ni。确定变速器14的当前操作范围状态和当前发动机状态。确定ESD 74的最大和最小电功率限值。
混合制动转矩包括车轮93产生的摩擦制动转矩和输出部件64产生的输出转矩的组合,输出转矩作用于传动系统90从而响应制动踏板112的操作者输入使车辆减速。
BrCM22命令车轮93上的摩擦制动施加制动力并产生变速器10的指令以使输出转矩发生变化,该输出转矩响应制动踏板112和加速踏板113的净操作者输入而作用于传动系统90。优选地,只要所施加的制动力和负输出转矩足以克服车轮93上的车辆动力,车辆就会减速并停止。负输出转矩作用于传动系统90,从而将转矩传递给机电变速器10和发动机14。通过机电变速器10作用的负输出转矩能够传递给第一和第二电机56和72,从而产生存储在ESD 74中的电功率。
加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入和转矩干涉控制一起包括可单独确定的操作者转矩请求输入,该输入包括即时加速输出转矩请求(‘Output TorqueRequest Accel Immed’),预测加速输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request AccelPrdtd’),即时制动输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’),预测制动输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’),和轴转矩响应类型(‘Axle Torque Response Type’)。如文中所采用的,术语“加速’是指这样的操作者请求,即当变速器档位选择器114的操作选择位置指示车辆向前运行时向前推进优选使车度超过当前车速,类似地,当指示车辆向反后运行时向后推进。术语“减速’’和“制动”是指优选使车速小于当前车速的操作者请求。图4中示出了,即时加速输出转矩请求,预测加速输出转矩请求,即时制动输出转矩请求,预测制动输出转矩请求,和轴转矩响应类型是控制系统的单独输入。
即时加速输出转矩请求包括基于加速踏板113的操作者输入和转矩干涉控制所确定的即时转矩请求。控制系统响应于即时加速输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力系统的输出转矩以使车辆正加速。即时制动输出转矩请求包括基于制动踏板112的操作者输入和转矩干涉控制所确定的即时制动请求。控制系统响应于即时制动输出转矩请求控制来自混合动力系统的输出转矩以使车辆减速。因对混合动力系统的输出转矩进行控制而引起的车辆减速和因车辆制动系统(未示出)引起的车辆减速共同作用使得车辆减速,以满足操作者制动请求。
即时加速输出转矩请求是根据加速踏板113当前发生的操作者输入来确定的,它包括在输出部件64上产生即时输出转矩的请求,优选是使车辆加速的请求。即时加速输出转矩请求可以通过转矩干涉控制进行修改,该控制是基于在动力系统控制之外影响车辆操作的事件。这些事件包括防抱死制动、牵引控制和车辆稳定性控制的动力系统控制中车辆级别的中断,它们可用于修改即时加速输出转矩请求。
预测加速输出转矩请求是根据加速踏板113的操作者输入来确定的,它包括输出部件64的最佳或优选输出转矩。预测加速输出转矩请求优选等于正常操作状态期间的即时加速输出转矩请求,例如,当没有命令转矩干涉控制时。当命令转矩干涉时,例如,防抱死制动,牵引控制或车辆稳定性中的任意一项,预测加速输出转矩请求可以响应于与转矩干涉相关的输出转矩指令而保持优选输出转矩,其中即时加速输出转矩请求减小。
即时制动输出转矩请求和预测制动输出转矩请求都是混合制动转矩请求。混合制动转矩包括车轮93产生的摩擦制动转矩和与传动系统90作用的输出部件64产生的输出转矩的组合,以响应制动踏板112的操作者输入使车辆减速。
即时制动输出转矩请求是根据制动踏板112当前发生的操作者输入来确定的,它包括在输出部件64上产生即时输出转矩的请求,以与传动系统90作用产生作用转矩,优选使车辆减速。即时制动输出转矩请求是根据制动踏板112的操作者输入和控制信号来确定的,控制摩擦制动以产生摩擦制动转矩。
预测制动输出转矩请求包括输出部件64上的最佳或优选制动输出转矩,其响应于制动踏板112的操作者输入,受输出部件64上产生的与制动踏板112的操作者输入无关的允许最大制动输出转矩的限制。在一个实施例中,输出部件64上的最大制动输出转矩限制在-0.2g。当车速接近于零时,预测制动输出转矩请求可以逐渐降低为零,而与制动踏板112的操作者输入无关。如所述,可以存在预测制动输出转矩请求设置为零的操作状态,例如,当操作者将变速器档位选择器114设置为倒档时,以及当变速箱(未示出)设置在四轮驱动低范围时。在预测制动输出转矩请求设置为零的操作状态中由于车辆操作因素所以优选不采用混合制动。
轴转矩响应类型包括通过第一和第二电机56和72来整形(shaping)和速率限制(rate-limting)输出转矩响应的输入状态。轴转矩响应类型的输入状态可以是主动状态或被动状态。当指令的轴转矩响应类型为主动状态时,输出转矩指令为即时输出转矩。优选这种响应类型的转矩响应尽可能快。
预测加速输出转矩请求和预测制动输出转矩请求都输入到战略优化控制方案(‘Strategic Control’)310中。战略优化控制方案310确定变速器10的期望操作范围状态(‘Hybrid Range State Des’)和从发动机14到变速器10的的期望输入速度(‘Ni Des’),其包括换档执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案(‘Shift Executionand Engine Start/Stop’)320的输入。
来自与变速器10的输入部件作用的发动机14的输入转矩的变化可以通过改变发动机14的进气空气质量来实现,通过采用电子节气门控制系统(未示出)控制发动机节气门的位置来实现进气量的改变,包括打开发动机节气门以增加发动机转矩以及关闭发动机节气门以减小发动机转矩。发动机14的输入转矩的变化可以通过调节点火正时来实现,包括延迟平均最佳转矩点火正时的点火正时以减小发动机转矩。发动机转矩可以在发动机停机状态和发动机运行状态之间变化以实现输入转矩的变化。发动机状态可以在全缸操作状态和汽缸停用操作状态之间变化,其中部分发动机汽缸是无燃料供应的。发动机状态可以通过使发动机14选择性地操作于燃料供应状态和燃料切断状态之一而改变,其中燃料切断状态下发动机是旋转的但无燃料供应。变速器10从第一操作范围状态到第二操作范围状态的换档是可以通过选择性地采用和释放离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75来命令和实现。
即时加速输出转矩请求,预测加速输出转矩请求,即时制动输出转矩请求,预测制动输出转矩请求,和轴转矩响应类型是战术控制和操作方案330的输入,从而确定包括发动机14的优选输入转矩的发动机指令。
战术控制和操作方案330可以被分成两部分。它包括确定期望发动机转矩,从而在发动机14与第一和第二电机56和72之间进行功率分离,以及控制发动机状态和发动机14的操作以满足期望发动机转矩。发动机状态包括全缸状态和汽缸停用状态,当前操作范围状态和当前发动机速度的燃料供应状态和减速燃料切断状态。战术控制和操作方案330监控预测加速输出转矩请求和预测制动输出转矩请求以确定预测输入转矩请求。即时加速输出转矩请求和即时制动输出转矩请求用于控制发动机速度/负载操作点,以响应加速踏板113和制动踏板112的操作者输入,例如,来确定包括发动机14的优选输入转矩的发动机指令。优选地,发动机14的优选输入转矩的快速变化只有在第一和第二电机56和72不能满足操作者转矩请求时才出现。
即时加速输出转矩请求,即时制动输出转矩请求,和轴转矩响应类型被输入给电机转矩控制方案(‘Output and Motor Torque Determination’)340中。电机转矩控制方案340用于确定在一个循环周期的每一重复期间(尤其是6.25ms的循环周期)的电机转矩指令。
来自发动机14的当前输入转矩(‘Ti’)和估算离合器转矩(‘Tcl’)被输入给电机转矩控制方案340。轴转矩响应类型信号确定传递给输出部件64进而传递给传动系统90的输出转矩指令的转矩响应特性。
电机转矩控制方案340控制第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩指令,以将满足操作者转矩请求的净指令输出转矩传递给变速器10的输出部件64。控制系统结构控制混合动力系统中功率执行器之间的功率流。混合动力系统采用两个或多个功率执行器将输出功率提供给输出部件。控制功率执行器之间的功率流包括控制发动机14的输入速度N1,发动机的输入转矩TI,以及第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩TA,TB。虽然在上文所描述的示意性实施例中,混合动力系统利用控制系统结构来控制包括发动机14,ESD 74以及第一和第二电机56和72的功率执行器之间的功率流,但是在替换实施例中,控制系统结构还可以控制其它类型的功率执行器之间的功率流。可以采用的示意性功率执行器包括燃料电池,超级电容器和液压执行器。
控制系统结构采用电功率限值管理示意性动力系统内部的电功率。控制系统结构利用管理动力系统内部的电功率的方法,其包括建立预测电功率限值,长期电功率限值,短期电功率限值,和基于电压的电功率限值。该方法还包括利用预测电功率限值来确定发动机14的优选输入速度NI,发动机14的优选输入转矩,优选发动机状态,和变速器10的优选操作范围状态。该方法还包括根据长期电功率限值和短期电功率限值来确定用于约束发动机14的输入转矩的输入转矩约束和用于约束输出部件64的输出转矩TO的输出转矩约束。通过约束输出转矩TO,由第一和第二电机56和72的第一和第二电机转矩TA和TB组成的总电机转矩TM也基于这组输出转矩约束和发动机14的输入转矩TI得到约束。在替换实施例中,除了这组输出转矩约束,或替换这组输出转矩约束,可以根据长期电功率限值和短期电功率限值来确定一组总电机转矩约束。该方法还包括根据基于电压的电功率限值来确定输出转矩约束。
预测电功率限值包括与优选ESD 74性能等级相关的优选电池输出水平,就是说,预测电功率限值限定ESD 74的期望操作包络线。预测电功率限值包括从最小预测电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_PRDTD’)到最大预测电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_PRDTD’)的电池输出功率水平范围。预测电功率限值可以包括比长期电功率限值和短期功率限值的电池输出功率水平更严格约束的范围。
长期电功率限值包括与ESD 74操作相关同时维持ESD 74的长期稳定性的电池输出功率水平。ESD 74延长时间周期操作长期电功率限值之外会缩短ESD74的使用寿命。在一个实施例中,ESD 74在稳态操作期间维持在长期电功率限值之内,稳态操作就是与暂态操作无关的操作。示意性的暂态操作包括加速踏板113的轻压(tip-in)和轻抬(tip-out),其中暂态加速操作是被请求的。维持ESD 74在长期电功率限值之内允许ESD 74提供像输送不使ESD 74的使用寿命缩短的最大功率水平这样的功能。长期电功率限值包括从最小长期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_LT’)到最大长期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_LT’)的电池输出功率水平范围。长期电功率限值可以包括比短期电功率限值的电池输出功率水平更严格约束的范围。
短期电功率限值包括与不会显著影响短期电池耐久性的电池操作相关的ESD 74输出功率水平。ESD 74操作短期电功率限值之外会缩短ESD 74的使用寿命。ESD 74短时间周期操作短期电功率限值之内但是在长期电功率限值之外会最低限度地缩短ESD 74的使用寿命,然而,不会大量降低ESD 74的操作性能。在一个实施例中,ESD 74在暂态操作期间维持在短期电功率限值之内。短期电功率限值包括从最小短期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_ST’)到最大短期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_ST’)的电池输出功率水平范围。
基于电压的电功率限值包括基于ESD 74的期望操作电压的从最小基于电压的电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_VB’)到最大基于电压的电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_VB’)的电池输出功率水平范围。最小基于电压的电功率限值PBAT_MIN_VB是在达到最大电压VLID之前ESD 74输出的最小电池输出功率量。最大基于电压的电功率限值PBAT_MAX_VB是在达到最小电压VFLOOR之前ESD 74能够输出的估算电池输出功率量。最小电压VFLOOR是在不显著影响短期电压耐久性的情况下操作电池的最小允许电压。当ESD 74的电压水平低于最小VFLOOR时,从ESD 74输出功率会导致ESD 74的使用寿命缩短。
图5详细示出了用于控制发电机14操作的战术控制方案(‘Tactical Controland Operation’)330的信号流,参考图1和2中的混合动力系统以及图3和4中的控制系统结构进行描述。战术控制方案330包括优选为同时执行的战术优化控制通道350和系统约束控制通道360。战术优化控制通道350的输出被输入给发动机状态控制方案370。发动机状态控制方案370和系统约束控制通道360的输出被输入给用于控制发动机状态、即时发动机转矩请求、预测发动机转矩请求、和发动机响应类型的发动机响应类型确定方案(‘Engine Response TypeDetermination’)380。
发动机14的输入可以根据发动机操作点来描述,发动机操作点包括可以转换成与变速器10的输入部件作用的输入速度和输入转矩的发动机速度和发动机转矩。当发动机14包括点燃发动机时,可以通过改变发动机14的进气空气质量来改变发动机操作点,进气空气质量的改变通过利用电子节气门控制系统(未示出)控制发动机节气门(未示出)的位置来实现,包括打开发电机节气门以增加发动机转矩和关闭发动机节气门以减小发动机转矩。发动机操作点的改变可以通过调节点火正时来实现,包括延迟平均最佳转矩时间的点火正时来减小发动机转矩。当发动机14包括压燃发动机时,发动机操作点可以通过控制喷射燃料的质量来进行控制,并通过延迟平均最佳转矩注入时间的注入时间以减小发动机转矩来进行调节。也可以通过在全缸状态和汽缸停用状态之间控制发动机状态,并通过在发动机燃料供应状态和燃料切断状态之间控制发动机状态而改变发动机操作点来实现输入转矩的改变,在燃料切断状态下发动机是旋转但无燃料供应的。
战术优化控制通道350用于基本稳态输入,以选择优选发动机状态并确定从发动机14到变速器10的优选输入转矩。战术优化控制通道350包括优化方案(‘Tactical Optimization’)354以确定优选输入转矩和优选发动机状态(‘PreferredEngine State’),优选输入转矩用于在全缸状态(‘Input Torque Full’)、汽缸停用状态(‘Input Torque Deac’)、燃料切断的全缸状态(‘Input Torque Full FCO’)、燃料切断的汽缸停用状态(‘Input Torque Deac FCO’)下操作发动机14。优化方案354的输入包括变速器10的提前操作范围状态(‘Lead Hybrid Range State’)、提前预测输入加速度曲线(‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Predicted’)、和在提前操作范围状态下每个已应用离合器的离合器作用转矩的预测范围(‘Predicted ClutchReactive Torpue Min/Max’),它们优选是在换挡执行和发动机启动/停止控制方案320中产生的。其它输入包括预测电功率约束(‘Predicted Battery Power Limits’)、预测加速输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Prdtd’)和预测制动输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Prdtd’)。用于加速的预测输出转矩请求通过预测输出转矩整形滤波器352整形,考虑轴转矩响应类型以生成预测加速输出转矩(‘ToAccel Prdtd’),并与用于制动的预测输出转矩请求组合以确定净预测输出转矩(‘To Net Prdtd’),它们是优化方案354的输入。变速器10的提前操作范围状态包括变速器10的提前操作范围状态的时间移位提前,以适应于操作范围状态中的指令变化和实际操作范围状态之间的响应时间滞后。因此变速器10的提前操作范围状态是指令操作范围状态。提前预测输入加速度曲线包括输入部件12的预测输入加速度曲线的时间移位提前,以适应于预测输入加速度曲线中的指令变化和预测输入加速度曲线中的测量变化之间的响应时间滞后。因此提前预测输入加速度曲线是时间移位之后出现的输入部件12的预测输入加速度曲线。用“提前’标记的参数用于适应于通过利用具有不同响应时间的装置汇集在共同输出部件64的动力系的转矩的同时传递。具体而言,发动机14可以具有以300-600ms为数量级的响应时间,每个转矩传递离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73,和C4 75可以具有以150-300ms为数量级的响应时间,第一和第二电机56和72可以具有以10ms为数量级的响应时间。
战术优化方案354确定发动机状态中操作发动机14的成本,包括在燃料供应和全缸状态(‘PCOSTFULLFUEL’)下操作发动机,在无燃料供应和全缸状态(‘PCOST FULLFCO’)下操作发动机,在燃料供应和汽缸停用状态(‘PCOSTDEACFUEL’)下操作发动机,以及在无燃料供应和汽缸停用状态(‘PCOST DEAC FCO’)下操作发动机。前述用于操作发动机14的成本同实际发动机状态(‘Actual Engine State’)和允许或容许发动机状态(‘Engine State Allowed’)一起被输入给稳定性分析方案(‘Stabilization and Arbitration’)356中,以选择一个发动机状态作为优选发动机状态(‘Preferred Engine State’)。
在有和没有燃料切断的全缸状态和汽缸停用状态下操作发动机14的优选输入转矩被输入给发动机转矩变换计算器355并被分别转换成全缸状态和汽缸停用状态(‘Engine Torque Full’和‘Engine Torque Deac’)下和燃料切断的全缸状态和汽缸停用状态(‘Engine Torque Full FCO’和‘Engine Torque Deac FCO’)下的优选发动机转矩,通过考虑转矩消耗元件,例如,发电机14和变速器10之间的液压泵。优选发动机转矩和优选发动机状态包括发动机状态控制方案370的输入。
操作发动机14的成本包括基于包括车辆驾驶性能、燃料经济性、排放、和电池使用率这些因素而确定的操作成本。成本被分配并且与燃料和电功率消耗相关,并且与混合动力系统的特定操作条件相关。低操作成本与高转换效率下低燃料消耗、低电池功率使用率和低排放相关,并考虑发动机14的当前操作状态。
全缸状态和汽缸停用状态下的优选发动机状态和优选发动机转矩被输入给发动机状态控制方案370,其包括发动机状态机(‘Engine State Machine’)372。发动机状态机372根据优选发动机转矩和优选发动机状态来确定目标发动机转矩(‘Target Engine Torpue’)和目标发动机状态(‘Target Engine State’)。目标发动机转矩和目标发动机状态被输入给转换滤波器374,其将目标发动机转矩滤波以提供滤波后的目标发动机转矩(‘Filtered Target Engine Torque’)并且允许在发动机状态之间进行转换。发动机状态机372输出指示选择汽缸停用状态和全缸状态其中之一(‘DEAC Selected’)和指示选择发动机燃料供应状态和减速燃料切断状态其中之一(‘FCO Seleted’)的指令。
选择汽缸停用状态和全缸状态其中之一和选择发动机燃料供应状态和减速燃料切断状态其中之一、滤波后的目标发动机转矩、以及最小和最大发动机转矩被输入给发动机响应类型确定方案380。
系统约束控制通道360确定对输入转矩的约束,包括变速器10能够作用的最小和最大输入转矩(‘Input Torque Hybrid Minimum’和‘Input Torque HybridMaximum’)。根据对变速器10、第一和第二电机56和72、以及ESD74的约束来确定最小和最大输入转矩,其影响变速器10以及电机56和72的容量。
系统约束控制通道360的输入包括通过与转矩干涉控制组合的加速踏板113检测的即时输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Accel Immed’)和通过与转矩干涉控制组合的制动踏板112检测的即时输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque RequestBrake Immed’)。即时输出转矩请求通过即时输出转矩整形滤波器362整形,同时考虑轴转矩响应类型以产生即时加速输出转矩(‘To Accel Immed’),并且与用于制动的即时输出转矩请求组合以确定净即时输出转矩(‘To Net Immed’)。净即时输出转矩和即时加速输出转矩是约束方案(‘Output and Input TorqueConstraints’)364的输入。约束方案364的其它输入包括变速器10的提前操作范围状态、即时提前输入加速度曲线(‘Lead Input Acceleration Profile Immed’)、提前操作范围状态中已应用的每个离合器的提前即时离合器作用转矩范围(‘Lead Immediate Clutch Reactive Torque Min/Max’)、和战术控制电功率约束(‘Tactical Control Electric Power Constraints’),电功率约束包括从最小战术控制电功率约束PBAT_MIN_TC到最大战术控制电功率约束PBAT_MAX_TC的范围,如图6所示。战术控制电功率约束从电池功率函数(‘Battery Power Control’)366输出。目标提前输入加速度曲线包括输入部件12的即时输入加速度曲线的时间移位提前,以适应于即时输入加速度曲线中的指令变化和即时输入加速度曲线中的测量变化之间的响应时间滞后。提前即时离合器作用转矩范围包括离合器的即时离合器作用转矩范围的时间移位提前,以适应于即时离合器转矩范围中的指令变化和即时离合器作用转矩范围的测量变化之间的响应时间滞后。约束方案364根据上述输入来确定变速器10的输出转矩范围,接着确定变速器10能够作用的最小和最大输入转矩。
此外,约束方案364输入即时发动机转矩请求(‘Engine Torque RequestImmed’)并输出即时电功率PBAT_IMMED,该即时电功率是当发动机14以即时发动机转矩操作并且当第一和第二电机56,72根据操作者转矩请求和约束方案364的其它输入以优选电机转矩操作时ESD74的估算电池输出功率。
通过考虑到转矩消耗元件(例如,发动机14和变速器10之间引入的液压泵、寄生和其它负载),最小和最大输入转矩被输入给发动机转矩变换计算器355并转换成最小和最大发动机转矩(分别为‘Engine Torque Hybrid Minimum’和‘Engine Torque Hybrid Maximum’)。
滤波后的目标发动机转矩、发动机状态机372的输出以及最小和最大发动机转矩被输入给发动机响应类型确定方案380。发动机响应类型确定方案380将滤波后的目标发动机转矩限制为最小和最大混合发动机转矩,并输出发动机指令给ECM 23以控制发动机转矩为即时发动机转矩请求(‘Engine TorqueRequest Immed’)和预测发动机转矩请求(‘Engine Torque Request Prdtd’)。其它指令控制发动机状态为发动机燃料供应状态和燃料切断状态其中之一(‘FCORequest’)以及汽缸停用状态和全缸状态其中之一(‘DEAC Request’)。另外的输出包括发动机响应类型(‘Engine Response Type’)。当滤波后的目标发动机转矩在最小和最大发动机转矩之间的范围之内时,发动机响应类型为被动的。当滤波后的目标发动机转矩下降到发动机转矩的最大约束(‘Engine Torque HybridMaximum’)以下时,发动机响应类型为主动的,表明需要发动机转矩中的即时变化,例如,通过发动机点火控制来改变发动机转矩使之落入最小和最大发动机转矩的约束之内。
图6示出了战术控制方案330的电池功率控制函数(‘Battery Power Control’)366。电池功率控制函数366确定包括最小战术控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MIN_TC’)和最大战术控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MAX_TC’)的一组战术控制电功率约束。电池功率控制函数366包括充电函数(‘Over Discharge and Over Charge Function’)392和电压函数(‘Over Voltage and Under Voltage Function’)394。
充电函数392的输入包括ESD74的实际输出功率(‘PBAT’)、最小短期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_ST’)、最大短期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_ST’)、最小长期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_LT’),最大长期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_LT’)、和即时电功率(‘PBAT_IMMED’)。充电函数392确定并输出最小充电函数电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_CF’)和最大充电函数电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_CF’)。
充电函数392基于短期电功率限值来确定包括优选电功率上限(未示出)和优选电功率下限(未示出)的一组优选电功率限值。当ESD 74的实际电池输出功率PBAT在优选电功率上限和优选电功率下限之间时,充电函数分别输出作为最小长期电功率限值和最大长期电功率限值的最小充电函数电功率约束功率限值和最大充电函数。
当ESD 74的实际电池输出功率PBAT不在优选电功率上限和优选电功率下限之间时,充电函数392根据由约束方案364确定的ESD 74的变化率值、最小长期电功率限值、最大长期电功率限值、和即时输出功率来确定最小充电函数电功率约束和最大充电函数电功率约束。当ESD 74的实际电池输出功率PBAT超出优选电功率上限和优选电功率下限其中之一时,充电函数392确定变化率值反馈控制。变化率值根据ESD 74的实际电池输出功率PBAT和超出的那个优选电功率上限和优选电功率下限之间的误差来确定。
当充电函数392根据ESD 74的实际电池输出功率PBAT调节最大充电函数电功率约束和最小充电函数电功率约束其中之一时,充电函数392也将其它充电函数电功率约束调节同样量,因此,最大和最小充电函数电功率约束之间的差值保持不变。
最小和最大充电函数电功率约束是中间电功率约束值,因为它们用于确定最终电功率约束值,即,最小战术控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MIN_TC’)和最大战术控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MAX_TC’)。
电压函数394的输入包括能够包括由BPCM 21监控的电压和由TPIM 19监控的电压其中之一的ESD 74的实际电池电压(‘VBAT’)、能够以高电压分量之一的最小和最大操作电压为基础的最小基极电压限值(‘VBAT_MINBASE’)和最大基极电压限值(‘VBAT_MAX_BASE’)、充电函数最大电功率约束(‘PBAT_MAX_CF’)、充电函数最小电功率约束(‘PBAT_MIN_CF’)、和即时电功率(‘PBAT_IMMED’),其中高电压分量例如,TPIM 19的最小和最大逆变器电压、TPIM 19的最小和最大辅助电源模块电压、以及最小和最大ESD 74电压。最小和最大基极电压限值限定ESD74的电压的操作范围,并且可以根据动力系统的参数来确定,这些参数包括高电压总线元件的温度,例如,ESD 74的温度。
电压函数394分别根据最大基极电压限值和最小基极电压限值来确定包括优选电压上限(未示出)和优选电压下限(未示出)的一组优选电压限值。
当ESD 74的实际电池电压VBAT在优选电压上限和优选电压下限之间时,电压函数394分别确定最小战术控制电功率约束和最大战术控制电功率约束为最小充电函数电功率约束和最大充电函数电功率约束。
当ESD 74的实际电池电压VBAT不在优选电压上限和优选电压下限之间时,电压函数394根据实际电池电压、即时电池功率、和该组优选电压约束来确定最小战术控制功率约束和最大战术控制功率约束。
当ESD 74的实际电池电压VBAT超出优选电压上限和优选电压下限其中之一时,电压函数394确定变化率值反馈控制。变化率值根据ESD 74的实际电池电压VBAT和超出的那个优选电压上限和优选电压下限之间的误差来确定。
与充电函数392不同,电压函数394只能够调节战术控制功率约束中的一个,而不调节战术控制功率约束中的另一个。因此,能够有效减小输入转矩约束的范围,这使得由响应类型确定函数380确定的发动机转矩请求的范围减小,其结果是,第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩TA和TB的操作范围约束更严。
与提供最大和最小充电函数电功率约束的较慢校正以补偿PBAT_IMMED确定中的误差的充电函数392不同,电压函数394提供最大和最小战术控制电功率约束的较快校正以快速响应修改ESD 74的电压。
图7示出了用于控制和管理通过第一和第二电机56和72的输出转矩的输出和电机转矩确定方案340的信号流,参考图1和2的混合动力系统和图3的控制系统结构以及包括最大和最小可用电池功率限值(‘Pbat Min/Max’)的约束进行描述。输出和电机转矩确定方案340控制第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩指令以将净输出转矩传递给变速器10的输出部件64,变速器10与传动系统90作用并满足操作者转矩请求,净输出转矩遭受约束和整形。本实施例中,输出和电机转矩确定方案340优选包括算法代码和预定标定代码,算法代码和预定标定代码以6.25ms和12.5ms的循环周期规则执行以确定用于控制第一和第二电机56和72的优选电机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。
输出和电机转矩确定方案340确定并使用多个输出以确定输出转矩上的约束,据此确定输出转矩指令(‘To_cmd’)。可以基于输出转矩指令来确定第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩指令(‘TA’,‘TB’)。输出和电机转矩确定方案340的输入包括操作者输入、动力系统输入和约束、以及自主控制输入。
操作者输入包括即时加速输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request AccelImmed’)和即时制动输出转矩请求(‘Output Torque Request Brake Immed’)。
自主控制输入包括实现传动系统90的主动衰减(412),实现发动机脉冲抵消(408),和基于输入和输出速度实现闭环校正(410)的转矩偏移。实现传动系统90的主动衰减的第一和第二电机56和72的转矩偏移(‘TaAD’,‘TbAD’)可以被确定,例如,用以管理和实现动力系统急速(lash)调节,并从主动衰减算法(‘AD’)输出(412)。实现发动机脉冲抵消的转矩偏移(‘Ta PC’,‘Tb PC’)在发电机运行状态(‘ON’)和发动机停机状态(‘OFF’)转换期间启动和停止发动机期间来确定,以消除发动机转矩干扰,并从脉冲抵消算法(‘PC’)输出(408)。实现闭环校正转矩的第一和第二电机56和72的转矩偏移通过监控变速器10的输入速度以及离合器C1 70,C2 62,C3 73和C4 75的离合器滑动速度来确定。当运行于模式操作范围状态之一时,第一和第二电机56和72的闭环校正转矩偏移(‘Ta CL’,‘Tb CL’)可以根据传感器11的输入速度(‘Ni’)和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)之间的差值来确定。当运行于空档(Neutral)下时,闭环校正基于传感器11的输入速度(‘Ni’)和输入速度曲线(‘Ni_Prof’)之间的差值,以及离合器滑动速度和目标离合器滑动速度(例如,目标离合器C1 70的离合器滑动速度曲线)之间的差值。闭环校正转矩偏移从闭环控制算法(‘CL’)输出(410)。离合器转矩(Tcl’)包括已应用转矩传递离合器的离合器作用转矩范围,以及未应用离合器的未处理离合器滑动速度和离合器滑动加速度,可以对任意当前应用和不锁定离合器的特定操作范围状态确定。闭环电机转矩偏移和实现传动系统90的主动衰减的电机转矩偏移被输入给低通滤波器以确定第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩校正(‘TA LPF’,‘TB LPF’)(405)。
动力系统输入包括来自电池功率函数(‘Battery Power Control’)(466)的最大电机转矩控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MAX_MT’)和最小电机转矩控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MIN_MT’)、操作范围状态(‘Hybrid Range State)、以及多个系统输入和约束(‘System Inputs and Constraints’)。系统输入可以包括对于动力系统和操作范围状态而言特定的标量参数,并且可以涉及输入部件12、输出部件64和离合器的速度和加速度。本实施例中,其它系统输入涉及系统惯性、衰减、和电力/机械功率转换效率。约束包括来自转矩机构(即,第一和第二电机56和72)的最大和最小电机转矩输出(‘Ta Min/Max’,‘Tb Min/Max’),以及已应用离合器的最大和最小离合器作用转矩。其它系统输入包括输入转矩、离合器滑动速度和其它相关状态。
包括输入加速度曲线(‘Nidot_Prof’)和离合器滑动加速度曲线(‘Clutch SlipAccel Prof’)的输入,与系统输入、操作范围状态、以及第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩校正(‘Ta LPF’和‘Tb LPF’)一起被输入给预先优化算法(415)。输入加速度曲线是即将到来的输入加速度的估算,该即将到来的输入加速度优选包括即将到来的循环周期的目标输入加速度。离合器滑动加速度曲线是一个或多个未使用离合器的下一个离合器加速的估算,并优选包括即将到来的循环周期的目标离合器滑动加速度。能够包括电机转矩、离合器转矩和输出转矩的值的优化输入(‘Opt Inputs’)可以用于计算当前操作范围状态,并用于优化算法以确定最大和最小原始输出转矩约束(440)以及确定第一和第二电机56和72之间的开环转矩指令的优选分离(440’)。对优化输入、最大和最小电池功率限值、系统输入和当前操作范围状态进行分析以确定优选或最优输出转矩(‘ToOpt’)以及最小和最大原始输出转矩约束(440)(‘TO Min Raw’,‘TO Max Raw’),其被整形和滤波(420)。优选输出转矩(‘TO Opt’)包括受操作者转矩请求的限制使电池功率最小化的输出转矩。对即时加速输出转矩请求和即时制动输出转矩请求每一个都进行整形和滤波,并受最小和最大输出转矩约束(‘TO Min Filt’,‘TO Max Filt’)的限制,以确定滤波后的最小和最大输出转矩请求约束(‘TO MinReq Filtd’,‘TO Max Req Filtd’)。可以根据滤波后的最小和最大输出转矩请求约束来确定受约束的加速输出转矩请求(‘TO Req Accel Cnstrnd)和受约束的制动输出转矩请求(‘TO Req Brake Cnstrnd)(425)。
此外,变速器10的再生制动容量(‘Opt Regen Capacity’)包括变速器10作用传动系统转矩的容量,并且可以根据包括来自转矩机构的最大和最小电机转矩输出以及已应用离合器的最大和最小作用转矩的约束来确定,考虑电池功率限值。再生制动容量确立即时制动输出转矩请求的最大值。再生制动容量是根据受约束的加速输出转矩请求和优选输出转矩之间的差值来确定。受约束的加速输出转矩请求被整形和滤波并与受约束的制动输出转矩请求组合以确定净输出转矩指令。净输出转矩指令与最小和最大请求滤波后的输出转矩进行比较以确定输出转矩指令(‘To_cmd’)(430)。当净输出转矩指令在最大和最小请求滤波后的输出转矩之间时,输出转矩指令被设置为净输出转矩指令。当净输出转矩指令超出最大请求滤波后的输出转矩时,输出转矩指令被设置为最大请求滤波后的输出转矩。当净输出转矩指令小于最小请求滤波后的输出转矩时,输出转矩指令被设置为最小请求滤波后的输出转矩。
动力系统操作被监控并与输出转矩指令组合以确定满足作用离合器转矩容量在第一和第二电机56和72之间的开环转矩指令(‘Ta Opt’,‘Tb Opt’)的优选分离,并提供关于优选电池功率的反馈(‘Pbat Opt’)(440’)。减去第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩校正(‘Ta LPF’,‘Tb LPF’)以确定开环电机转矩指令(‘Ta OL’,‘Tb OL’)(460)。
开环电机转矩指令与包括转矩偏移的自主控制输入组合以确定用于控制第一和第二电机56和72的电机转矩TA和TB(470),该转矩偏移用来实现传动系统90的主动衰减(412),实现发动机脉冲抵消(408),并基于输入和离合器滑动速度实现闭环校正。约束、整形和滤波输出转矩请求的前述步骤优选是作用于输入并利用算法代码计算转矩指令的前馈操作,其中这些步骤用于确定转换成第一和第二电机56和72的转矩指令的输出转矩指令。
优化算法(440,440’)包括被执行用于确定响应于使电池功率消耗最小化的操作者转矩请求的动力系统控制参数。优化算法440包括基于系统输入和约束、当前操作范围状态、和可用电池功率限值来监控机电混合动力系统(例如,上文所述的动力系统)的当前操作状况。对于候补输入转矩,优化算法440计算动力系统输出,它们响应于包括前述输出转矩指令的系统输入并在第一和第二电机56和72的最大和最小电机转矩输出的范围内,在可用电池功率的范围内,在变速器10的当前操作范围状态下已应用离合器的离合器作用转矩的范围内,并考虑系统惯性、衰减、离合器滑动、和电力/机械功率转换效率。优选地。动力系统输出包括优选输出转矩(‘To Opt’)、第一和第二电机56和72的可获得转矩输出(‘Ta Opt’,‘Tb Opt’)、和与可获得转矩输出相关的优选电池功率(‘PbatOpt’)。
所构造的系统操作用于根据动力系统的当前操作和约束来确定输出转矩约束。根据制动踏板和加速踏板的操作者输入来确定操作者转矩请求。操作者转矩请求可以被约束、整形和滤波以确定输出转矩指令,包括确定优选再生制动容量。可以确定根据约束和操作者转矩请求约束的输出转矩指令。通过命令转矩机构的操作来执行输出转矩指令。系统操作实现响应于操作者转矩请求并在系统约束以内的动力系统操作。系统操作得到参考操作者驾驶性能需求对输出转矩进行整形,包括再生制动操作期间的平滑操作。
图8示出了输出和电机转矩确定方案340的电池功率函数466。电池功率函数466确定包括最大电机转矩控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MAX_MT’)和最小电机转矩控制电功率约束(‘PBAT_MIN_MT’)的该组电机转矩电功率约束。电池功率控制模块466包括充电函数(‘Over Discharge and Over Charge Function’)492和电压函数(‘Over Voltage and Under Voltage Function’)494。充电函数492的输入包括电池输出功率(‘PBAT’)、最小短期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_ST’)、最大短期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_ST’)、最小长期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_LT’)、最大长期电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_LT’)、和优选电池功率(‘PBAT_Opt’)。充电函数492利用与上述充电函数392基本类似的方法确定并输出最小充电函数电功率限值(‘PBAT_MIN_CF’)和最大充电函数电功率限值(‘PBAT_MAX_CF’),其中优选电池功率PBAT_Opt用于替代即时电池功率PBAT_IMMED。电压函数494的输入包括由BPCM 21监控的ESD 74的电池电压(‘VBAT’)、最小基极电压限值(‘VBAT_MIN_BASE’)、最大基极电压限值(‘VBAT_MAX_BASE’)、充电函数最大电功率约束(‘PBAT_MAX_CF’)、充电函数最小电功率约束(‘PBAT_MIN_CF’)、和优选电池功率P(‘PBAT_Opt’)。电压函数494利用与充电函数394所采用的基本类似的分别用于确定最小和最大战术控制电功率约束的方法确定并输出最小电机转矩控制电功率约束和最大电机转矩控制电功率约束,其中优选电池功率PBAT_Opt用于替代即时电池功率PBAT_IMMED
本公开对某些优选实施例及其修改进行了描述。其他人在阅读和理解本说明书的基础上可以作进一步的修改和变化。因此,本公开不限于为实现本公开而作为优选方式描述的特定实施例,其目的旨在包括落在所附权利要求范围之内的所有实施例。

Claims (21)

1、一种控制动力系统的方法,该动力系统包括多个功率执行器、变速器装置和能量存储装置,变速器装置可操作在功率执行器和输出部件之间传递功率以产生输出转矩,该方法包括:
确定对来自输出部件的功率的操作者请求;
确定能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束;
基于能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束来确定第一功率执行器的一组功率约束;
确定能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束;
基于能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束来确定第二功率执行器的一组功率约束;
基于第一功率执行器的该组功率约束来控制第一功率执行器;以及
基于第二功率执行器的该组功率约束来控制第二功率执行器。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,还包括:
基于对功率的操作者请求来确定用于操作第一功率执行器的优选功率水平;
基于用于操作第一功率执行器的优选功率水平和对功率的操作者请求来确定第一电池输出功率值;以及
基于第一电池输出功率值来确定能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束。
3、根据权利要求2的方法,还包括:
基于对功率的操作者请求来确定用于操作第二功率执行器的优选功率水平;
基于用于操作第二功率执行器的优选功率水平和对功率的操作者请求来确定第二电池输出功率值;以及
基于第二电池输出功率值来确定能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束。
4、根据权利要求3的方法,还包括:
监控能量存储装置的输出功率;以及
基于能量存储装置的第一和第二组电功率约束以及能量存储装置的输出功率来确定第一功率执行器的该组功率约束。
5、根据权利要求1的方法,还包括:
监控能量存储装置的电压;
为能量存储装置设置一组电压限值;以及
基于能量存储装置的该组电压限值和能量存储装置的电压来确定第一功率执行器的该组功率约束。
6、根据权利要求5的方法,其中确定第一功率执行器的该组功率约束包括:
确定能量存储装置的第一组电功率限值;
确定能量存储装置的第二组电功率限值;
基于电池功率、第一组电功率限值和第二组电功率限值来确定能量存储装置的一组中间功率约束;以及
基于该组中间功率约束、第一和第二组电功率约束、能量存储装置的电压、和该组电压限值来确定第一功率执行器的该组功率约束。
7、根据权利要求1的方法,其中确定第一功率执行器的该组功率约束和第二功率执行器的该组功率约束包括确定第一功率执行器的一组转矩约束和第二功率执行器的一组转矩约束。
8、根据权利要求1的方法,其中确定第一功率执行器的该组功率约束包括确定用于约束发动机的输入转矩的一组输入转矩约束。
9、根据权利要求8的方法,还包括:
确定发动机转矩请求;
基于发动机转矩请求来确定能量存储装置的第一电池输出功率值;以及
基于第一电池输出功率值来确定该组输入转矩约束。
10、根据权利要求9的方法,还包括基于该组输入转矩约束来控制发动机转矩。
11、根据权利要求1的方法,其中确定第一功率执行器的该组功率约束包括确定用于约束输出部件的输出转矩的一组输出转矩约束并基于该组输出转矩约束来约束电机的电机转矩。
12、根据权利要求11的方法,还包括:
确定输出部件的优选输出转矩;
基于优选输出转矩来确定电机的电机转矩请求;
基于优选输出转矩来计算能量存储装置的第一电池输出功率值;以及
基于第一电池输出功率值来确定用于约束输出转矩的该组输出转矩约束。
13、根据权利要求12的方法,还包括基于该组输出转矩约束来控制电机的电机转矩。
14、一种控制动力系统的方法,该动力系统包括发动机、电机、变速器装置和能量存储装置,变速器装置可操作在发动机、电机和输出部件之间传递功率以产生输出转矩,该方法包括:
监控操作者转矩请求;
监控能量存储装置的输出功率;
确定能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束;
基于能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束来确定发动机的一组转矩约束;
确定能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束;以及
基于能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束来确定电机的一组转矩约束。
15、根据权利要求14的方法,还包括:
基于操作者转矩请求来确定从发动机到变速器装置的优选输入转矩;
基于优选输入转矩和操作者转矩请求来确定能量存储装置的第一电池输出功率值;以及
基于第一电池输出功率值来确定能量存储装置的第一组电功率约束。
16、根据权利要求15的方法,还包括:
基于操作者转矩请求来确定用于操作电机的优选电机转矩;
基于优选电机转矩和操作者转矩请求来确定能量存储装置的第二电池输出功率值;以及
基于第二电池输出功率值来确定能量存储装置的第二组电功率约束。
17、根据权利要求16的方法,还包括:
确定发动机转矩请求;
基于发动机转矩请求来确定能量存储装置的第一电池输出功率值;以及
基于第一电池输出功率值来确定发动机的该组转矩约束。
18、根据权利要求14的方法,还包括基于发动机的该组转矩约束来控制发动机转矩。
19、根据权利要求14的方法,还包括:
确定输出部件的优选输出转矩;
基于优选输出转矩来确定电机的电机转矩请求;
基于优选输出转矩来计算能量存储装置的第一电池输出功率值;以及
基于第一电池输出功率值来确定用于约束输出转矩的一组输出转矩约束。
20、根据权利要求19的方法,还包括基于该组输出转矩约束来控制电机的电机转矩。
21、一种控制动力系统的方法,该动力系统包括多个功率执行器、变速器装置和能量存储装置,变速器装置可操作在功率执行器和输出部件之间传递功率以产生输出转矩,该方法包括:
监控能量存储装置的输出功率;
确定能量存储装置的第一组功率约束;
基于能量存储装置的第一组功率约束来确定第一功率执行器的一组转矩约束;
确定能量存储装置的第二组功率约束;以及
基于能量存储装置的第二组功率约束来确定第二功率执行器的一组转矩约束。
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