CN101218289A - 在膦酸酯存在下制备聚酰胺的方法 - Google Patents
在膦酸酯存在下制备聚酰胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101218289A CN101218289A CNA2006800246749A CN200680024674A CN101218289A CN 101218289 A CN101218289 A CN 101218289A CN A2006800246749 A CNA2006800246749 A CN A2006800246749A CN 200680024674 A CN200680024674 A CN 200680024674A CN 101218289 A CN101218289 A CN 101218289A
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- phenyl
- butyl
- acid ester
- cyclohexyl
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title abstract 3
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- -1 4Be hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 121
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000003008 phosphonic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
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- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 4
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 17
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940059574 pentaerithrityl Drugs 0.000 description 6
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- PMNGNPRHPYYVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hydroxyundecane-3-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCO)S(O)(=O)=O PMNGNPRHPYYVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohex-3-ene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C1CCC=CC1C(O)=O IFDVQVHZEKPUSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1CCCCC1C(O)=O QSAWQNUELGIYBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006471 dimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001891 dimethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- JMFYZMAVUHNCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl 2-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylidene]propanedioate Chemical class COC(=O)C(C(=O)OC)=CC1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 JMFYZMAVUHNCPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002228 disulfide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004662 dithiols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N doxazosin Chemical compound C1OC2=CC=CC=C2OC1C(=O)N(CC1)CCN1C1=NC(N)=C(C=C(C(OC)=C2)OC)C2=N1 RUZYUOTYCVRMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical group [H]C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-f][2]benzofuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone Chemical compound C1=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=CC2=C1C(=O)OC2=O ANSXAPJVJOKRDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 235000010382 gamma-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WJSATVJYSKVUGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,3,5-triol Chemical compound CC(O)CC(O)CCO WJSATVJYSKVUGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydantoin Chemical compound O=C1CNC(=O)N1 WJRBRSLFGCUECM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005805 hydroxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003511 macrogol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019359 magnesium stearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WRIRWRKPLXCTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N malonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)CC(N)=O WRIRWRKPLXCTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021518 metal oxyhydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WGGBUPQMVJZVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)but-2-enoate Chemical class COC(=O)C(C#N)=C(C)C1=CC=C(OC)C=C1 WGGBUPQMVJZVIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJRDRFZCRQNLJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[3-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(=O)OC)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O UJRDRFZCRQNLJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRBLLGLKTUGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 3-[3-tert-butyl-5-(5-chlorobenzotriazol-2-yl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(CCC(=O)OC)=CC(N2N=C3C=C(Cl)C=CC3=N2)=C1O VRBLLGLKTUGCSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YIMHRDBSVCPJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-ethoxyphenyl)-n-(2-ethylphenyl)oxamide Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=O)C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1CC YIMHRDBSVCPJOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YVYHWOZEQUFKOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]oxamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C(N)=O YVYHWOZEQUFKOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCIFLGSATTWUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,4-dimethylaniline Chemical compound CNC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 QCIFLGSATTWUQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)hexane-1,6-diamine;2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine;2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-amine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)N.ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1.C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1NCCCCCCNC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 ORECYURYFJYPKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBINNYMQZVKNFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-benzyl-1-phenylmethanimine oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=[N+]([O-])CC1=CC=CC=C1 UBINNYMQZVKNFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- LRUUZFQPCUFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyldodecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCC LRUUZFQPCUFYPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBMIPYGHTZRCRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylethanimine oxide Chemical compound CC[N+]([O-])=CC GBMIPYGHTZRCRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GCDJFNYVSDFWDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecylhexadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GCDJFNYVSDFWDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHAFFFSIDLDWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-hexadecyloctadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=[N+]([O-])CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FHAFFFSIDLDWQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVZUNTGFCXNQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-nonyl-n-phenylaniline Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(CCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LVZUNTGFCXNQAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLROSFKLCOYXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecoxyheptadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCONCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC WLROSFKLCOYXID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXYYNGHWSMAGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecoxyhexadecan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCONCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NXYYNGHWSMAGLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXGDIORKSOYRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecylheptadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC ZXGDIORKSOYRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCMMSXFAWOGWQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecylhexadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC MCMMSXFAWOGWQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HORBOHJHQGXXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyloctadecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC HORBOHJHQGXXOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- CDZOGLJOFWFVOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-propylaniline Chemical compound CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 CDZOGLJOFWFVOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLYJXPKHTZCZOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-tetradecyltetradecan-1-imine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+]([O-])=CCCCCCCCCCCCCC SLYJXPKHTZCZOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002816 nickel compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXDBYIXFAFDTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-dodecylhydroxylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCON RXDBYIXFAFDTHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFEDBDWFFNNYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-hexadecylhydroxylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCON LFEDBDWFFNNYNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWGNCXZRVUMBAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-octadecylhydroxylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCON NWGNCXZRVUMBAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVDAUJLPYFBUHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N o-tetradecylhydroxylamine Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCON DVDAUJLPYFBUHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003261 o-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005447 octyloxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IWDCLRJOBJJRNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-toluidine Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N)C=C1 RZXMPPFPUUCRFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920006146 polyetheresteramide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- UERHVMCKMDOPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propanoyloxysulfanyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OSOC(=O)CC UERHVMCKMDOPBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M sodium ricinoleate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000004646 sulfenyl group Chemical group S(*)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012747 synergistic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006345 thermoplastic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012745 toughening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N trans-but-2-ene Chemical compound C\C=C\C IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N β-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=CC(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C WGVKWNUPNGFDFJ-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
- C08K5/5333—Esters of phosphonic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/02—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/26—Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
- C08G69/28—Preparatory processes
- C08G69/30—Solid state polycondensation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5317—Phosphonic compounds, e.g. R—P(:O)(OR')2
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L77/00—Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyamides (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及在膦酸酯存在下聚酰胺的制备,所述膦酸酯在缩聚或加聚过程开始时已经添加。所得的预聚物显示出高分子量并且几乎是无色的。本发明的进一步的方面是在缩聚期间使用膦酸酯以便增加分子量和改性聚酰胺。
Description
本发明涉及在膦酸酯存在下聚酰胺的制备,所述膦酸酯在缩聚或加聚过程开始时已经添加。所得的预聚物显示出高分子量并且几乎是无色的。本发明的进一步的方面是在缩聚或加聚期间使用膦酸酯以便增加分子量和改性聚酰胺。
缩聚物,特别是聚酰胺,在纺织、建筑、电气和电子装置、家庭用品、包装等中被广泛用作塑料制品。
例如聚酰胺通常由两种方法形成。第一种方法是经“尼龙盐”作为中间体的二胺和二酸间的缩合反应。“尼龙型”的第一个数字是指二胺中的碳原子数目,而第二个数字是指相应的二酸(例如尼龙6.12或尼龙6.6)。第二种方法包括被称为内酰胺的含胺和酸基团的单体的开环作用。聚酰胺身份基于内酰胺单体中的原子数目(例如尼龙6或尼龙12等)。机械和物理性能基本上取决于聚合物的分子量。缩聚物,通常,是通过在熔体中预聚物的进一步的缩合而制备的。因此能够获得高分子量。对于一些应用来说,例如,饮料包装和工程纤维,甚至更高的分子量是必需的。这些可以通过固态缩聚而获得(s.Fakirov,Kunststoffe,74(1984),218和R.E.Grützner,A.Koine,Kunststoffe,82(1992),284)。聚合物在惰性气体条件下或在真空条件下在聚合物的玻璃化转变温度之上和在该聚合物的熔解温度之下进行热处理。然而,这种方法是非常费时和耗能的。增加特性粘数要求在180℃-240℃的温度下、在真空条件下或在惰性气体条件下的停留时间高达12小时。
大多数聚酰胺往往是半晶质的并且通常是具有良好的耐热性和耐化学性的非常韧性的材料。就比重、熔点和水分吸收来讲,不同类型产生了各种各样的性能。
本发明的目的是早在预聚物阶段时提高聚酰胺的分子量增加(buildup)。预聚物阶段理解为在从单体开始的第一缩聚物(polycondensationor)加聚步骤中获得的聚合物。
出人意料地已经发现,在膦酸酯存在下聚酰胺的合成改善了预聚物的颜色并且促进了分子量增加。当在缩聚或加聚过程开始时已经添加膦酸酯的时候,相比于在熔融缩聚或者固态缩聚(SSP)期间添加,如WO96/11978中所公开的,改进是明显更大的。
本发明的一个方面是一种制备聚酰胺预聚物的方法,其包括,从二酸和二胺单体开始或者从内酰胺单体开始并且在膦酸酯存在下进行缩聚或加聚反应。
聚酰胺,即新的聚酰胺和聚酰胺再循环物,应被理解为是源于二胺和二羧酸的和/或氨基羧酸或相应内酰胺的脂族和芳族聚酰胺或共聚酰胺。合适的聚酰胺例如是:PA6、PA11、PA12、PA46、PA66、PA69、PA610、PA612、PA10.12、PA12.12以及无定形聚酰胺和热塑性聚酰胺弹性体如Vestamid、Grilamid ELY60、Pebax、Nyim和Grilon ELX型的聚醚酰胺。所述类型的聚酰胺是众所周知的并且是市售可得的。
例如,EP-A-0613919公开了典型的聚醚酯酰胺的制备和用途。
所使用的聚酰胺优选是结晶或部分结晶聚酰胺,特别地,PA6和PA6.6或其共混物。
聚酰胺和共聚酰胺源自于二胺和二羧酸和/或源自于氨基羧酸或相应的内酰胺,例如聚酰胺4、聚酰胺6、聚酰胺6,6、6,10、6,9、6,12、4,6、12,12、聚酰胺11、聚酰胺12、源自间苯二甲胺(m-xylylene,diamine)和己二酸的芳族聚酰胺;由六亚甲基二胺和间和/或对苯二甲酸和任选地作为改性剂的弹性体制备的聚酰胺,例如聚-2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基对苯二甲酰胺或聚间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺。
例如,单体选自1,4-丁二胺、六亚甲基二胺、二氨基癸烷、二氨基十一烷、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、ε-己内酰胺、十一烷内酰胺、十二烷内酰胺和其混合物。
优选地,单体包括六亚甲基二胺和己二酸。
例如,聚酰胺预聚物是聚酰胺PA4.6、PA6.6;PA6.9;PA6.10、PA6.12、PA10.12、PA12.12、PA6、PA11、PA12或PA6/66共混物。
例如,膦酸酯是通式I
是优选的,其中
R3是H、C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基,
R4是氢、C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基;或
Mr+/r,
Mr+是r价的金属阳离子或铵离子,
n是0、1、2、3、4、5或6,和
r是1、2、3或4;
Q是氢、-X-C(O)-OR7、或者以下基团
R1是异丙基、叔丁基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R2是氢、C1-C4烷基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R5是H、C1-C18烷基、OH、卤素或C3-C7环烷基;
R6是H、甲基、三甲基甲硅烷基、苄基、苯基、磺酰基或C1-C18烷基;
R7是H、C1-C10烷基或C3-C7环烷基;和
X是亚苯基、被C1-C4烷基取代的亚苯基或亚环己基。
其他适合的膦酸酯是以下所列的。
空间位阻的羟基苯基烷基膦酸酯或半酯,如US-A-4778840所公开的那些,是优选的。
特别优选的化合物是通式Ia的那些
其中
R1是H、异丙基、叔丁基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R2是氢、C1-C4烷基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R3是C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基,
R4是氢、C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基;或
Mr+/r,
Mr+是r价的金属阳离子,
n是1、2、3、4、5或6,和
r是1、2、3或4。
卤素是氟、氯、溴或碘。
含最多18个碳原子的烷基取代基是适当的基团如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基和辛基、十八烷基以及相应的支链异构体;C2-C4烷基和异辛基是优选的。
被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基,优选地包含1-3个、更优选1或2个烷基,例如是邻、间或对甲基苯基、2,3-二甲基苯基、2,4-二甲基苯基、2,5-二甲基苯基、2,6-二甲基苯基、3,4-二甲基苯基、3,5-二甲基苯基、2-甲基-6-乙基苯基、4-叔丁基苯基、2-乙基苯基、2,6-二乙基苯基、1-甲基萘基、2-甲基萘基、4-甲基萘基、1,6-二甲基萘基或4-叔丁基萘基。
被C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,其优选地包含1-3个、更优选1或2个支链的或者无支链的烷基,例如是环戊基、甲基环戊基、二甲基环戊基、环己基、甲基环己基、二甲基环己基、三甲基环己基或叔丁基环己基。
一、二、三、四价的金属阳离子优选是碱金属、碱土金属、重金属或铝阳离子,例如Na+、K+、Mg++、Ca++、Ba++、Zn++、Al+++或者Ti++++。Ca++是特别优选的。
通式Ia的优选的化合物是包含至少一个叔丁基作为R1或R2的那些。非常特别优选的化合物是其中R1和R2同时是叔丁基的那些。
n优选是1或2,非常特别优选的是1。
非常特别优选的空间位阻的芳基烷基膦酸酯或半酯是通式II、III、IV、V和VI的化合物
其中R101彼此各自独立地是氢、乙基、苯基或Mr+/r。Mr+/r的含义如上所述。
化合物II、III、IV、V和VI中的一些是市售可得的,或者可以通过标准程序来制备。
例如,使用10-20000ppm、优选地1000-10000ppm和特别地200-2000ppm的膦酸酯/(一种或多种)单体(ppm是指按重量计算每一百万的份数)。
优选地,将膦酸酯直接添加到单体中,然后开始反应。在一些情况下,还可以稍晚进行添加。
优选地,缩聚或加聚温度为150℃-280℃,特别地,200℃-250℃。
一般地,反应在压力下进行。优选地,在缩聚或加聚反应期间的压力为3-20巴,特别地为5-15巴。
反应通常在惰性气体气氛条件下进行。
反应可以在任何合适的可对其施加压力的容器中进行。缩聚过程被广泛地描述过并且为本领域技术人员所已知。
聚酰胺预聚物可以被进一步地处理,例如通过进一步的熔融缩聚或者通过固态缩聚(SSP)步骤。
在本发明特定的实施方案中,可以对聚酰胺预聚物应用随后的固态缩聚。
固态缩聚一般地在180℃-240℃进行。
如已经提到的,根据上述过程制备的聚酰胺预聚物显示出没有颜色或者仅仅是灰白色的颜色并且显示出较高的分子量,与现有技术的聚酰胺相比,如通过熔体流动速率测量的。
还可以在这些加工步骤中添加另外的反应添加剂以便实现期望的性能。实例如下。
1.环氧化物化合物:
I)聚缩水甘油基和聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)酯,其可以通过使在分子中具有至少两个羧基的化合物与表氯醇和/或甘油二氯丙醇和/或β-甲基表氯醇反应而获得。所述反应在碱存在下小心地进行。
由于化合物在分子中具有至少两个羧基,有可能使用脂族多元羧酸。这些多元羧酸的实例是戊二酸、己二酸、庚二酸、辛二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸和二聚或三聚亚油酸。
然而,还可以使用环脂族多元羧酸,实例是四氢邻苯二甲酸、4-甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸、六氢邻苯二甲酸和4-甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸。
此外,可以使用芳族多元羧酸,例如邻苯二甲酸、间苯二甲酸、偏苯三酸和均苯四酸。
还可以使用例如偏苯三酸与多元醇如甘油或2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷的羧基-封端的加合物。
II)聚缩水甘油基或聚(β-甲基缩水甘油基)醚,其可以通过使具有至少两个游离醇式羟基和/或酚式羟基的化合物与适当被取代的表氯醇在碱性条件下或者在酸性催化剂存在以及随后用碱处理的条件下反应而获得。
这种类型的醚例如源于无环醇如乙二醇、二乙二醇与高级聚乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇或聚丙二醇、1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、聚丁二醇、1,5-戊二醇、1,6-己二醇、2,4,6-己三醇、甘油、1,1,1-三羟甲基丙烷、双(三羟甲基)丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨糖醇,和源于聚表氯醇。
然而,它们也例如源于环脂族醇,如1,3-或1,4-二羟基环己烷、双(4-羟基环己基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-羟基环己基)丙烷或1,1-双(羟甲基)-环己-3-烯,或者它们具有芳基核,如N,N-双(2-羟乙基)苯胺或p,p′-双(2-羟基乙基氨基)二苯甲烷。
环氧化物化合物还可源自于单核酚,如间苯二酚或氢醌;或它们基于多核酚如双(4-羟苯基)甲烷、2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)丙烷、4,4′-二羟基二苯基砜,或者基于酚与甲醛在酸性条件下获得的缩合产物,如线型酚醛(清漆)树脂。
III)聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物,其可通过表氯醇与含至少两个氨基氢原子的胺的反应产物脱氯化氢而获得。这些胺的实例是苯胺、甲苯胺、正丁胺、双(4-氨基苯基)甲烷、间苯二甲胺和双(4-甲基氨基苯基)甲烷、以及N,N,O-三缩水甘油基-m-氨基苯酚与N,N,O-三缩水甘油基-p-氨基苯酚。
然而聚(N-缩水甘油基)化合物还包括亚环烷基脲如亚乙基脲或1,3-亚丙基脲的N,N′-二缩水甘油衍生物,和乙内酰脲如5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲的N,N′-二缩水甘油衍生物。
IV)聚(S-缩水甘油基)化合物,如源自二硫酚如乙烷-1,2-二硫酚或双(4-巯基甲基苯基)醚的二-S-缩水甘油基衍生物。
合适的环氧化物的实例是:
a)液体双酚A二缩水甘油醚,如
AralditGY 240,AralditGY 250,AralditGY 260,AralditGY 266,AralditGY 2600,AralditMY 790;
b)固体双酚A二缩水甘油醚,如
AralditGT 6071,AralditGT 7071,AralditGT 7072,AralditGT 6063,AralditGT 7203,
AralditGT 6064,AralditGT 7304,AralditGT 7004,AralditGT 6084,AralditGT 1999,
AralditGT 7077,AralditGT 6097,AralditGT 7097,AralditGT 7008,AralditGT 6099,
AralditGT 6608,AralditGT 6609,AralditGT 6610;
c)液体双酚F二缩水甘油醚,如
AralditGY 281.AralditGY282,AralditPY 302,AralditPY 306;
d)固体的四苯基乙烷的聚缩水甘油基醚,如CG环氧树脂0163
e)固体和液体的苯酚-甲醛线型酚醛清漆的聚缩水甘油基醚,如
EPN 1138,EPN 1139,GY 1180,PY 307;
f)固体和液体的邻甲酚-甲醛线型酚醛清漆的聚缩水甘油基醚,如
ECN 1235,ECN 1273,ECN 1280,ECN 1299;
g)液体的醇的缩水甘油醚,如Shell缩水甘油醚162、AralditDY0390、AralditDY 0391;
h)液体的羧酸的缩水甘油醚,如ShellCardura E对苯二甲酸酯、偏苯三酸酯、AralditPY 284;
i)固体的杂环环氧树脂(三缩水甘油基异氰脲酸酯)如AralditPT810;
j)液体的环脂族环氧树脂,如AralditCY 179;
k)液体的对氨基苯酚的N,N,O-三缩水甘油基醚,如AralditMY0510;
l)四缩水甘油基-4,4′-亚甲基苯羟甲胺或N,N,N′,N′-四缩水甘油基二氨基苯基甲烷,如AralditMY 720、AralditMY 721。
2.双噁唑啉、双噁嗪、双噁唑酮或酰基内酰胺。这些类型的化合物例如描述在EP-A-0583807和EP-A-0785967中。
双噁唑啉类型的优选的双官能化合物例如由T.Loontjens等在Makromol.Chem.Macromol.Symp.75,211-216(1993)中描述并且例如是下式的化合物
噁嗪或噁唑酮类型的多官能化合物,特别是双官能化合物,是已知的,并且例如由H.Inata等在J.Applied Polymer Science Vol.32,4581-4594(1986)中进行了描述;2,2′-双(4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮)是特别优选的。
酰基内酰胺类型的多官能化合物,特别是双官能化合物例如是以下通式的化合物:
其中,s是1-16,尤其是5-10,和
R126是芳基。
优选的是这样的酰基内酰胺,在所述通式中,内酰胺环是己内酰胺或十二烷内酰胺。
3.二异氰酸酯,如二异氰酸四亚甲酯、二异氰酸六亚甲酯、二异氰酸十二亚甲酯、二异氰酸二十亚甲酯、二异氰酸4-丁基六亚甲酯、二异氰酸2,2,4-或2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲酯、OCN(CH2)2O(CH2)2NCO、甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯、对苯撑二异氰酸酯、苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯、3-异氰酸根合-甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯、萘二异氰酸酯、磺酰基二异氰酸酯、二苯甲烷、2,2-二苯基丙烷和二苯醚的3,3′-、4,4′-和3,4′-二异氰酸酯、3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二异氰酸根合联苯、3,3′-二甲氧-4,4′-二异氰酸根合联苯和4,4′-二异氰酸根合二苯甲烷。
4.二氰酸酯如双酚A二氰酸酯。
5.四元羧酸二酸酐,如均苯四酸二酐或3,3′,4,4′-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐。
6.双马来酰亚胺如二苯基甲烷双马来酰亚胺或1,3-亚苯基双马来酰亚胺。
7.碳二亚胺如聚(2,4,6-三异丙基-1,3-亚苯基碳二亚胺)。
除上述膦酸酯和反应添加剂之外,还可以使用其它的添加剂。实例如下。
1.抗氧化剂
1.1、烷基化单苯酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚、2,6-二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚、2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚、2,6-双十八烷基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4,6-三环己基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚、在侧链中是直链或支链的壬基苯酚,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一烷-1′-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七烷-1′-基)苯酚、2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十三烷-1′-基)苯酚和其混合物。
1.2、烷基硫基甲基苯酚,例如2,4-二辛基硫基甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫基甲基-6-甲基苯酚、2,4-二辛基硫基甲基-6-乙基苯酚、2,6-二-十二烷基硫基甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3、氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚、2,5-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔戊基氢醌、2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷氧基苯酚、2,6-二叔丁基氢醌、2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基茴香醚、硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基酯、己二酸双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)酯。
1.4、生育酚,例如α-生育酚、β-生育酚、γ-生育酚、δ-生育酚和其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5、羟基化硫基二苯醚,例如2,2′-硫基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-硫基双(4-辛基苯酚)、4,4′-硫基双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、4,4′-硫基双(3,6-二-仲戊基苯酚)、4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟苯基)二硫化物。
1.6、亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚)、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲苯甲基)-4-壬基苯酚]、2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲苄基)-4-壬基苯酚]、4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚)、4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚)、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚、1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷、1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、乙二醇双[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟苯基)丁酸酯]、双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)双茂、双[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲苯甲基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯、1,1-双(3,5-二甲基-2-羟苯基)丁烷、2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烷、2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷、1,1,5,5-四(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7、O-、N-和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚、十八烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯、十三烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯、三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)胺、双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫基对苯二甲酸酯、双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)硫醚、异辛基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基巯基乙酸酯。
1.8、羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如双十八烷基-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯、二-十八烷基-2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸酯、二-十二烷基巯基乙基-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯、双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯。
1.9、芳族羟苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲苯、1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲苯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯酚。
1.10、三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯、1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲苄基)异氰脲酸酯、2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪、1,3,5-三(3,5-双环己基-4-羟基苄基)异氰脲酸酯。
1.11、苄基膦酸酯,例如二甲基-2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、二乙基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、双十八烷基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基膦酸酯、双十八烷基-5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苄基膦酸酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基磷酸一乙基酯的钙盐。
1.12、酰基氨基苯酚,例如4-羟基月桂酰苯胺、4-羟基硬脂酰苯胺、N-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)氨基甲酸辛基酯。
1.13、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与下述物质的酯:一元醇或多元醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.14、β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与下述物质的酯:一元醇或多元醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正辛醇、异辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.15、β-(3,5-双环己基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与下述物质的酯:一元醇或者多元醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.16、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙酸与下述物质的酯:一元醇或者多元醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、辛醇、十八烷醇、1,6-己二醇、1,9-壬二醇、乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、新戊二醇、硫基二甘醇、二甘醇、三甘醇、季戊四醇、三(羟乙基)异氰脲酸酯、N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺、3-硫代十一烷醇、3-硫代十五烷醇、三甲基己二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂二环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.17、β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸的酰胺,例如N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)己二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)丙二酰胺、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰)肼、N,N′-双[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(NaugardXL-1,由Uniroyal提供)。
1.18、抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.19、胺抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二-异丙基-对苯二胺、N,N′-二-仲丁基-对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)对苯二胺、N,N′-双(1-甲基己基)对苯二胺、N,N′-双环己基对苯二胺、N,N′-二苯对苯二胺、N,N′-双(2-萘基)对苯二胺、N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-(1-甲基己基)-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、N-环己基-N′-苯基-对苯二胺、4-(对甲苯氨磺酰)二苯胺、N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二-仲丁基-对苯二胺、二苯胺、N-烯丙基二苯胺、4-异丙氧基二苯胺、N-苯基-1-萘胺、N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘胺、N-苯基-2-萘胺、辛基化二苯胺、例如对,对′-二叔辛基二苯胺、4-正丁基氨基苯酚、4-丁酰基氨基苯酚、4-壬酰氨基苯酚、4-十二烷酰氨基苯酚、4-十八烷酰氨基苯酚、双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺、2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚、2,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、1,2-双[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷、1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷、(邻甲苯基)缩二胍、双[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺、叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘胺、单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化壬基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化十二烷基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化异丙基/异己基二苯胺的混合物、单和二烷基化叔丁基二苯胺的混合物、2,3-二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪、吩噻嗪、单和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、单和二烷基化叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物、N-烯丙基吩噻嗪、N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4-二氨基丁-2-烯、N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基-己二胺、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4--酮、2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2、UV吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1、2-(2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3′-仲丁基-5’-叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′,5′-双-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)-羰基乙基]-2′-羟苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-5’-[2-(2-乙基己氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑、2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛氧基羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑、2,2’-亚甲基双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3′-叔丁基-5’-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物;[R-CH2CH2-COO-CH2CH22其中,R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-[2′-羟基-3′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5’-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-苯基]苯并三唑;2-[2′-羟基-3′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-苯基]苯并三唑。
2.2、2-羟基二苯甲酮,例如4-羟基、4-甲氧基、4-辛氧基、4-癸氧基、4-十二烷氧基、4-苄氧基、4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′-二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3、被取代的和未被取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基苯基酯、水杨酸苯基酯、水杨酸辛基苯基酯、二苯甲酰间苯二酚、双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)间苯二酚、苯甲酰基间苯二酚、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十六烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸十八烷基酯、3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4、丙烯酸酯,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙酯、α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛酯、α-甲氧羰基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯、α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁酯、α-甲氧羰基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲酯和N-(β-甲氧羰基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5、镍化合物,例如2,2′-硫基双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍络合物,如1∶1或1∶2的络合物,有或者没有另外的配体,如正丁胺、三乙醇胺或N-环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫基氨基甲酸镍,单烷基酯如4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的甲基或乙基酯的镍盐,酮肟如2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍络合物,1-苯基-4-月桂酰-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物,有或者没有另外的配体。
2.6、空间位阻胺,例如双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基丙二酸酯、1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟基哌啶和丁二酸的缩合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯、四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷-四羧酸酯、1,1′-(1,2-乙烷二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮)、4-苯甲酰基2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、4-十八烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶、双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯、3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯、双(1-辛氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯、N,N′-双-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线性或环状缩合物、2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、2-氯-4,6-二-(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物、8-乙酰-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮、4-十六烷氧基-和4-十八烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物、N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物、1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的缩合产物(CAS登记号[136504-96-6]);N-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基丁二酰亚胺、N-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基丁二酰亚胺、2-十一基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧-螺[4,5]癸烷、7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8-二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4,5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物、1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧基羰基)-2-(4-甲氧苯基)乙烯、N,N′-双甲酰基-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)己二胺、4-甲氧基-亚甲基-丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟基哌啶的二酯、聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷、马来酸酐-α-烯烃-共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物。
2.7、草酰胺,例如4,4′-二辛氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二乙氧基草酰替苯胺、2,2′-二辛氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺(butoxanilide)、2,2′-双十二烷氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺、2-乙氧基2′-乙基草酰替苯胺、N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺、2-乙氧基5-叔丁基-2′-乙基草酰替苯胺(ethoxanilide)和其与2-乙氧基2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基草酰替苯胺的混合物、邻和对甲氧基二取代的草酰替苯胺的混合物和邻和对乙氧基二取代的草酰替苯胺的混合物。
2.8、2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2,4-二羟苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-辛氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-十三烷氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[4-(十二烷氧基/十三烷基氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基-苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-己氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基-丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪、2-(2-羟苯基)-4-(4-甲氧苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪、2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟基丙氧基]苯基}-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪。
3、金属钝化剂,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺、N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)肼、N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基丙酰基)肼、3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑、双(亚苄基)草酰二肼、草酰替苯胺、间苯二甲酰二肼、癸二酰二苯基酰肼、N,N′-双乙酰己二酰二肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)草酰二肼、N,N′-双(水杨酰)硫基丙酰二肼。
4、亚磷酸酯和亚膦酸酯,例如亚磷酸三苯酯、二苯基烷基亚磷酸酯、苯基二烷基亚磷酸酯、三(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯、三(十二烷基)亚磷酸酯、三(十八烷基)亚磷酸酯、二硬脂酰季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯、二异癸基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯基)-季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、二异癸基氧基季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、双(2,4,6-三(叔丁基苯基)季戊四醇二亚磷酸酯、三硬脂基山梨糖醇三亚磷酸酯、四(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)4,4′-亚联苯基二膦酸酯、6-异辛基氧基-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12H-二苯[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环辛烯、6-氟-2,4,8,10-四叔丁基-12-甲基-二苯[d,g]-1,3,2-二氧杂磷杂环辛烯、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)甲基亚磷酸酯、双(2,4-二叔丁基-6-甲基苯基)乙基亚磷酸酯、2,2′,2″-次氮基[三乙基三(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯]、2-乙基己基(3,3′,5,5′-四叔丁基-1,1′-联苯-2,2′-二基)亚磷酸酯。
尤其优选的是以下的亚磷酸酯:
三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯(Irgafos168,Ciba-Geigy),三(壬基苯基)亚磷酸酯,
5、羟胺,例如N,N-二苄基羟基胺、N,N-二乙基羟基胺、N,N-二辛基羟基胺、N,N-双十二烷基羟基胺、N,N-双十四烷基羟基胺、N,N-双十六烷基羟基胺、N,N-双十八烷基羟基胺、N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺、N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺、衍生自氢化牛脂胺的N,N-二烷基羟基胺。
6、硝酮,例如N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮,N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮,N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮,N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮,N-十四烷基-α-十三烷基硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮,N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮,衍生自N,N-二烷基羟基胺(其衍生自氢化牛脂胺)的硝酮。
7、硫基增效剂,例如硫代二丙酸双十二烷基酯或者硫代二丙酸双十八烷基酯。
8、过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫基二丙酸酯,例如十二烷基、十八烷基、十四烷基或者十三烷基酯,巯基苯并咪唑或者2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫基氨基甲酸锌,双十八烷基二硫化物,季戊四醇四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸酯。
9.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如,与碘化物和/或含磷化合物结合的铜盐以及二价锰盐。
10、碱性助稳定剂,例如三聚氰胺,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,双氰胺,氰脲酸三烯丙酯,脲衍生物,肼衍生物,胺,聚酰胺,聚氨酯,高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌、山萮酸镁、硬脂酸镁、蓖麻油酸钠和棕榈酸钾,邻苯二酚(pyrocatecholate)锑或邻苯二酚锌。
11、成核剂,例如,无机物如滑石,金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化镁,磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐,优选地碱土金属的磷酸盐、碳酸盐或硫酸盐;有机化合物如一或多元酸和其盐,例如4-叔丁基苯甲酸、己二酸、二苯基乙酸、琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合物如离子共聚物(离聚物)。
12、填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙、硅酸盐、玻璃纤维、玻壳、石棉、滑石、高岭土、云母、硫酸钡、金属氧化物和氢氧化物、炭黑、石墨、木屑和其它天然产物的粉末或纤维、合成纤维。
13、其它添加剂,例如增塑剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、颜料、流变助剂、催化剂、流动调节剂、光学增白剂、耐焰剂、抗静电剂和发泡剂。
14、苯并呋喃酮和吲哚满酮,例如描述在以下文件中的那些:U.S.4,325,863;U.S.4,338,244;U.S.5,175,312;U.S.5,216,052;U.S.5,252,643;DE-A-4316611;DE-A-4316622;DE-A-4316876;EP-A-0589839或EP-A-0591102,或者3-[4-(2-乙酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、5,7-二叔丁基-3-[4-(2-硬脂酰氧基乙氧基)苯基]苯并呋喃-2-酮、3,3′-双[5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-[2-羟基乙氧基]苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮]、5,7-二叔丁基-3-(4-乙氧苯基)苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(4-乙酰氧基-3,5-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,5-二甲基-4-新戊酰氧基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(3,4-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮、3-(2,3-二甲基苯基)-5,7-二叔丁基-苯并呋喃-2-酮。
在所述范围中优选的是第2.1、2.6和2.7类的光稳定剂,例如下述类型的光稳定剂:Chimassorb 944、Chimassorb 119、Tinuvin 234、Tinuvin312、Tinuvin 622或Tinuvin 770。还优选的是芳族亚磷酸酯或亚膦酸酯。
同样优选的是一种方法,其中另外使用了亚磷酸酯和/或空间位阻酚。还优选的是聚酰胺稳定剂,例如,与碘化物和/或含磷化合物结合的铜盐以及二价锰盐。
可以在任何能够被加热并且装有搅拌装置的容器中加入添加剂并且与聚合物混合。这些例如可以是密闭的设备,如捏合设备、混合器或搅拌容器。混合过程优选地在挤出机或捏合设备中进行。所述过程是在惰性气氛下或者在大气氧气存在下来操作是不重要的。
膦酸酯可以溶解在或者分散在一种或多种单体或者尼龙盐中并且由此将其添加到缩聚或加聚反应中。还可以将膦酸酯以粉末或者液体的形式直接添加到反应容器中。此外,可以在缩聚或加聚反应的任何阶段添加膦酸酯。或者,可以使用聚酰(亚)胺(polymide)载体中的膦酸酯的固体或熔融母料以便在反应的任何阶段来加入添加剂。
优选地,从反应开始时膦酸酯就存在。
此外,本发明的一个方面是一种组合物,其包含
a)二酸和二胺单体或者内酰胺单体,和
b)膦酸酯。
本发明的另一个方面是用于制备聚酰胺预聚物的膦酸酯的用途,其包括从二酸和二胺单体或者从内酰胺单体开始,并且在膦酸酯存在下进行缩聚或加聚反应。
又一个方面是一种可根据上述方法获得的聚酰胺。
优选方案和定义已经为所述方法(过程)给出。它们还适用于本发明的其它方面。
以下实施例举例说明了本发明。
概述:
相对粘度(RV)的测量:
PA 6.6的相对粘度(RV)是8.4wt%聚合物/90%甲酸溶液的溶液的粘度与甲酸溶液的粘度之比。将5.5g聚合物溶于50ml甲酸(90%)中。在25℃使用Cannon-Fenske粘度计进行粘度测量。
固态缩聚(SSP):
在进行SSP前,在80℃在真空条件下干燥各个样品(挤出或合成的PA 6,6)2小时。
聚酰胺6.6的合成:
第一步:制备PA 6.6盐:
在32℃在水浴中在装备有两个滴液漏斗的500ml烧瓶中进行反应。在第一个滴液漏斗中,将13.92g(0.119摩尔)己二胺溶解在25ml甲醇中,另一个含有17.70g(0.120摩尔)己二酸/80ml甲醇的溶液。将两种溶液同时(在2分钟内)滴入烧瓶中,并且升温至45-50℃。完成添加后,将烧瓶冷却至8℃。PA 6.6盐(=己二酸/己二胺盐)立即沉淀并且被滤出。在用22ml冷甲醇洗涤两次后,在真空中在60℃干燥所述的盐,直到恒重,并且使用P2O5储存在干燥器中直至使用。
获得的盐为白色固体。
转化率:96-99%
熔点:186-187℃
pH值:约7.62
第二步:聚酰胺6.6(PA 6.6)预聚物的制备
在使用前,将1升的Büchi反应釜排空(evacuate)并且用N2排气(vent)。分别添加第一步的150g己二酸/己二胺盐和1000ppm Irgamod195或Irgamod 295,并且再次将反应器排空并且用N2排气。搅拌该混合物30分钟,并随后将温度升高至225℃。在这一温度,在8-11巴的压力下,1.5小时后,将反应釜排气并且在氮气气氛下搅拌该混合物15分钟。冷却至室温后,用机械方法取出所得的聚酰胺6.6并且进行研磨。
获得的聚酰胺为白色粉末。
编号 | 合成聚合物 | 颜色 |
1对比例 | PA纯 | 淡黄色粉末 |
2对比例 | PA+1000ppm Irgafos168 | 白色粉末 |
3本发明 | PA+1000ppm Irgamod295 | 白色粉末 |
4本发明 | PA+1000ppm Irgamod195 | 白色粉末 |
Irgamod195是商品化的膦酸酯,获自Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.
Irgamod295是商品化的膦酸酯,获自Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc.
Irgafos168是商品化的亚磷酸酯,获自Ciba Specialty ChemicalsInc.
三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)亚磷酸酯
第三步:PA 6.6的挤出
在真空条件下在260-280℃和50rpm的条件下,在双螺杆挤出机(Haake TW 100)中挤出所研磨的聚合物(步骤2)。所得的聚酰胺进行线料切粒(strand granulated),在MFR(根据ISO 1133)测量前在真空中使所述材料干燥过夜。
挤出(温度范围260-280℃,50rpm,真空)后的PA6.6
编号 | 合成聚合物 | 颜色 | MFR(275℃,1.2kg) | RV |
0对比例 | 商品级(Terez PA 66) | 灰白色 | 50 | 53 |
1对比例 | PA纯 | 橙色 | 111 | 34 |
2对比例 | PA+1000ppm Irgafos 168 | 褐色 | 24 | 73 |
3本发明 | PA+1000ppm Irgamod 295 | 灰白色 | 34 | 54 |
4本发明 | PA+1000ppm Irgamod 195 | 灰白色 | 70 | 45 |
MFR=熔体流动速率
RV=相对粘度
结果比较表明,MFR测量值与RV值一致。在没有膦酸酯(PA纯)的情况下,合成产生了黄色聚合物,其具有低分子量(高MFR;低RV)。添加Irgamod 195或Irgamod 295形成了高分子量的聚酰胺(在Irgamod295的情况下,分子量高于商品级(编号1)的分子量),而良好的颜色没有改变。当使用亚磷酸酯,如Irgafos 168时,获得了高分子聚合物,然而,具有不受欢迎的颜色。
结论:
这些结果证明了从预聚物制备开始时,添加膦酸酯,如Irgamod 195或Irgamod 295,促进了分子量增加并且提供了无色的聚合物。
随后的SSP:
使用编号3和4的样品(参见第三步),在流动氮气下在200℃进行固态缩聚4小时。对于对比例来说,也使具有1000ppm的Irgamod 195或具有1000ppm Irgamod 295的商品化PA 6.6(Terez PA 66)分别进行SSP。挤出这两种混合物(温度范围260-280℃)并且将所得的聚合物样品进行线料切粒。全部样品进行相同的SSP程序(样品编号3和编号4以及对比例3和4)。结果显示在下表中:
SSP200℃ | RV | RV增加 | ||
对比例3 | Terez PA 66+1000ppm Irgamod295 | 0h4h | 65151 | 132% |
本发明实施例3 | 用1000ppm Irgamod 295制备的PA | 0h4h | 68262 | 288% |
对比例4 | Terez PA 66+1000ppm Irgamod195 | 0h4h | 59151 | 158% |
本发明实施例4 | 用1000ppm Irgamod 195制备的PA | 0h4h | 56185 | 230% |
对比例3=Terez PA 66+1000ppm Irgamod 295,挤出
本发明实施例3=合成的PA 66,含1000ppm Irgamod 295,挤出
对比例4=Terez PA 66+1000ppm Irgamod 195,挤出
本发明实施例4=合成的PA 66,含1000ppm Irgamod 195,挤出
这些实施例证明,相比于在随后加工步骤而言,当在预聚物制备阶段中添加时,所述添加剂是更有效的。
Claims (14)
1.一种制备聚酰胺预聚物的方法,其包括,从二酸和二胺单体开始或者从内酰胺单体开始并且在膦酸酯存在下进行缩聚或加聚反应。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其中单体选自1,4-丁二胺、六亚甲基二胺、二氨基癸烷、二氨基十一烷、己二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸、十二烷二酸、ε-己内酰胺、十一烷内酰胺、十二烷内酰胺和其混合物。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其中聚酰胺预聚物是聚酰胺PA4.6、PA6.6;PA6.9;PA6.10、PA6.12、PA10.12、PA12.12、PA6、PA11、PA12或PA6/66共混物。
4.根据权利要求2的方法,其中单体包括六亚甲基二胺和己二酸。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其中膦酸酯是通式I:
其中
R3是H、C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基,
R4是氢、C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基;或
Mr+/r,
Mr+是r价的金属阳离子或铵离子,
n是0、1、2、3、4、5或6,和
r是1、2、3或4;
Q是氢、-X-C(O)-OR7,或者以下基团
R1是异丙基、叔丁基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R2是氢、C1-C4烷基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R5是H、C1-C18烷基、OH、卤素或C3-C7环烷基;
R6是H、甲基、三甲基甲硅烷基、苄基、苯基、磺酰基或C1-C18烷基;
R7是H、C1-C10烷基或C3-C7环烷基;和
X是亚苯基、被C1-C4烷基取代的亚苯基或亚环己基。
6.根据权利要求5的方法,其中膦酸酯是通式Ia
其中
R1是H、异丙基、叔丁基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R2是氢、C1-C4烷基、环己基或者被1-3个C1-C4烷基取代的环己基,
R3是C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基,
R4是氢、C1-C20烷基、未被取代的或被C1-C4烷基取代的苯基或萘基;或
Mr+/r,
Mr+是r价的金属阳离子,
n是1、2、3、4、5或6,和
r是1、2、3或4。
8.根据权利要求1的方法,其中使用10-20000ppm的膦酸酯/一种或多种单体。
9.根据权利要求1的方法,其中缩聚或加聚温度为150℃-280℃。
10.根据权利要求1的方法,在缩聚或加聚反应期间的压力为3-20巴。
11.根据权利要求1的方法,其中随后的固态缩聚被应用于聚酰胺预聚物。
12.一种组合物,其包含:
a)二酸和二胺单体或者内酰胺单体,和
b)膦酸酯。
13.用于制备聚酰胺预聚物的膦酸酯的用途,其包括从二酸和二胺单体或者从内酰胺单体开始,并且在膦酸酯存在下进行缩聚或加聚反应。
14.一种可根据权利要求1的方法获得的聚酰胺。
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CA2867924C (en) | 2012-03-20 | 2020-07-21 | Basf Se | Polyamide compositions with improved optical properties |
KR20140144704A (ko) | 2012-03-20 | 2014-12-19 | 바스프 에스이 | 폴리아미드 수지의 고체 상태 특성을 개선하기 위한 우레아 화합물 |
JP6817197B2 (ja) | 2014-05-30 | 2021-01-20 | アセンド・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・オペレーションズ・リミテッド・ライアビリティ・カンパニーAscend Performance Materials Operations Llc | 低リン低色調ポリアミド |
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FR1531145A (fr) * | 1966-07-13 | 1968-06-28 | Ici Ltd | Polyamides |
US5432254A (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1995-07-11 | Zimmer Aktiengesellschaft | Discontinuous catalytic process for the production of polyamide-6,6 |
US5496920A (en) * | 1993-06-07 | 1996-03-05 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Increasing the molecular weight of polyamides |
MX9702646A (es) * | 1994-10-14 | 1997-06-28 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Incrementar el peso molecular de policondensados. |
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US20070055047A1 (en) * | 2003-09-25 | 2007-03-08 | Dirk Simon | Molecular weight increase and modification of polycondensates |
DE602004003836T2 (de) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-08-09 | Ciba Speciality Chemicals Holding Inc. | Verfahren zur verbesserung der farbe von polykondensaten |
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CA2646216A1 (en) * | 2006-01-04 | 2007-07-12 | Ciba Holding Inc. | Stabilized biodiesel fuel compositions |
CN101389666B (zh) * | 2006-02-24 | 2011-09-28 | 西巴控股有限公司 | 烯烃聚合物的减粘裂化方法 |
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CN113056500B (zh) * | 2018-11-20 | 2023-12-08 | 伍德依文达菲瑟有限责任公司 | 用于制备聚酰胺6的方法 |
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US20100036083A1 (en) | 2010-02-11 |
EP1907467A1 (en) | 2008-04-09 |
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