CN1856536B - 改进缩聚物颜色的方法 - Google Patents
改进缩聚物颜色的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1856536B CN1856536B CN2004800278350A CN200480027835A CN1856536B CN 1856536 B CN1856536 B CN 1856536B CN 2004800278350 A CN2004800278350 A CN 2004800278350A CN 200480027835 A CN200480027835 A CN 200480027835A CN 1856536 B CN1856536 B CN 1856536B
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- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- compound
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- formula
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000006081 fluorescent whitening agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- -1 C1-C20Alkyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 162
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 37
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 36
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 32
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004425 Makrolon Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol F Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PXKLMJQFEQBVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002853 C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229920001634 Copolyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004573 morpholin-4-yl group Chemical group N1(CCOCC1)* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000954 2-hydroxyethyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])O[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical group [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- FNIATMYXUPOJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylidene Chemical group [C]1CCCCC1 FNIATMYXUPOJRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000587 piperidin-1-yl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])N(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims 6
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical class O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 abstract description 29
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 8
- UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphonate Chemical compound [O-]P(=O)=O UEZVMMHDMIWARA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 77
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 57
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 55
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 54
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 20
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 19
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 19
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1mqpva Chemical compound CC12C(=O)OC(=O)C1(C)C1(C)C2(C)C(=O)OC1=O GTDPSWPPOUPBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 125000004203 4-hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]OC1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 14
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 14
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 235000013849 propane Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 10
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 10
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propionic acid Substances CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 9
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diamine Chemical class NCCCCCCN NAQMVNRVTILPCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butylhexane Natural products CCCCCCCCCC DIOQZVSQGTUSAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 9
- MEBONNVPKOBPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1(C)C MEBONNVPKOBPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycidyl ether Chemical compound C1OC1COCC1CO1 GYZLOYUZLJXAJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 229940042795 hydrazides for tuberculosis treatment Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000012492 regenerant Substances 0.000 description 7
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- RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine Chemical compound CC1(C)CCCC(C)(C)N1 RKMGAJGJIURJSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 125000006158 tetracarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
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- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DYFXGORUJGZJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanediamine Chemical compound NC(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 DYFXGORUJGZJCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEGDIQXLXPPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylmethanetriamine Chemical compound NC(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 MEGDIQXLXPPWGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical class OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012994 photoredox catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002755 poly(epichlorohydrin) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003055 poly(ester-imide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium;hexadecanoate Chemical compound [K+].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O MQOCIYICOGDBSG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- PZZICILSCNDOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-triamine Chemical compound NCC(N)CN PZZICILSCNDOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWHMFGKZAYHMDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,2,3-trithiol Chemical class SCC(S)CS UWHMFGKZAYHMDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001501 propionyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propiophenone Chemical class CCC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KRIOVPPHQSLHCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical class CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CSNFMBGHUOSBFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine Chemical compound NC1=NC=C(N)C(N)=N1 CSNFMBGHUOSBFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrogallol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1O WQGWDDDVZFFDIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VBHKTXLEJZIDJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinalizarin Chemical class C1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1O VBHKTXLEJZIDJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940074404 sodium succinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium succinate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O ZDQYSKICYIVCPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-N sodium;(z,12r)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O IJRHDFLHUATAOS-DPMBMXLASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003003 spiro group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000446 sulfanediyl group Chemical group *S* 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=C(C(O)=O)CCCC1 UFDHBDMSHIXOKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006345 thermoplastic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N thioglycolic acid Chemical class OC(=O)CS CWERGRDVMFNCDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000984 tocofersolan Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene 2,4-diisocyanate Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1N=C=O DVKJHBMWWAPEIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004992 toluidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021654 trace metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005591 trimellitate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005829 trimerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCCN XFNJVJPLKCPIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical class OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)OC(=O)OC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UCPYLLCMEDAXFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003672 ureas Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000004835 α-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002076 α-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011590 β-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000007680 β-tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002478 γ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
- QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N γ-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1 QUEDXNHFTDJVIY-DQCZWYHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002446 δ-tocopherol Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/80—Solid-state polycondensation
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及在荧光增白剂和至少一种膦酸酯和/或次膦酸酯存在下制备或改性缩聚物的方法。本发明另一方面是按照该方法制备的聚酯以及一种包含缩聚物,荧光增白剂和至少一种膦酸酯和/或次膦酸酯的组合物。又一个方面是荧光增白剂和至少一种膦酸酯和/或次膦酸酯在改进缩聚物颜色方面的应用。
Description
本发明涉及在荧光增白剂和至少一种膦酸酯和/或次膦酸酯(phosphinate)存在下制备或改性缩聚物的方法。本发明另一方面是按照该方法制备的聚酯以及一种包含缩聚物,荧光增白剂和至少一种膦酸酯和/或次膦酸酯的组合物。又一个方面是荧光增白剂和至少一种膦酸酯和/或次膦酸酯在改进缩聚物颜色方面的应用。
缩聚物,例如,聚酰胺,聚碳酸酯或聚酯,特别是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)乃至聚酯共聚物和聚酯共混物,例如,与聚碳酸酯的(PBT/PC),是属于工程塑料范畴的重要热塑性塑料.部分结晶聚酯用于注塑配混料并以其高强度和刚性,高尺寸稳定性和理想的耐磨特性而与众不同。无定形聚酯具有高透明度,卓越韧性和优异抗应力开裂性,被用于加工成,例如,中空制品。PET的另一应用领域是纤维和薄膜的生产。
某些领域,例如,饮料包装和技术纤维,需要较高分子量.这可通过固相缩聚(S.Fakirov,Kunststoffe,74(1984),218和R.E.Grützner,A.Koine,Kunststoffe,82(1992),284)来获得。在这种情况下,预聚物在惰性气体或在真空下接受高于该聚合物玻璃化转变温度并低于其熔融温度的热处理。然而,这种方法非常费时,耗能.提高特性粘度要求在180~240℃温度的真空或惰性气体中保持长达12小时的停留时间。
就本发明的内容而言,术语“缩聚反应”既指单体或低聚物的熔融缩聚,也指固态缩聚。
这些制品常常要求非常好的外观,特别是就颜色,透明和亮度而言。技术上公知,缩聚反应期间加入膦酸酯能防止缩聚物泛黄。然而,在某些情况下这是以牺牲透明或亮度为代价取得的。
另一方面,加入荧光增白剂也可改善缩聚物的颜色和亮度。这,例如,由A.Wieber描述在《荧光增白剂》中,R.AnlikerandG.Müller,GeorgThieme,1975pp.65-82。然而,在缩聚反应期间向缩聚物中加入荧光增白剂对其化学和热性能有很高要求。热稳定性必须很高,且该化合物必须在缩聚反应条件下呈惰性。加之,荧光增白剂还必须在缩聚物的加工期间保持稳定,而这主要是在高温(例如,高于240℃)实施的.有时,熔体冷却期间会观察到再结晶,从而导致不理想的变色,主要是泛绿的色调。
另一个问题是纯净荧光增白剂对颜色的贡献。由于具有共轭芳烃结构,荧光增白剂常常显示泛黄的外观。此种颜色对缩聚物的颜色做出贡献并导致最终产物的发黄。现有技术上公知,要补偿此种效应,同时又改善缩聚物的亮度是困难的。
令人惊奇的是,现已发现,在荧光增白剂和膦酸酯或次膦酸酯存在下制备的缩聚物表现出优异的亮度和颜色,特别是观察不到不理想的变色,例如,泛绿色调或泛黄。
这在视外观和颜色为重要指标的高要求缩聚物领域,例如,在非着色或着色纺织品,在包装领域,在窗和窗膜等领域,特别令人感兴趣.
在用过的或遭受热或水解损坏的缩聚物的情况下,这时损坏通常与变色一起发生,改进颜色也是有利的。
借助本发明方法,有可能改进从有用材料的收集所获得的缩聚物回收物,例如,用过的包装(薄膜和瓶子)以及废旧纺织品的颜色。于是,回收物便可用于高质量循环,例如,以高性能纤维,注塑制品,挤塑应用的形式或者以泡沫塑料的形式.此种回收物来源于,例如,工业或日用有用材料的收集,来自生产废料,例如,来自纤维生产和修剪,或者来自义务返回物品,例如,PET饮料包装的瓶子的收集。
本发明一个方面是一种在单体或低聚物的缩合反应中制备缩聚物,或借助缩聚物的熔融加工或固态缩聚对缩聚物改性的方法,包括在缩聚反应期间加入:
a1)通式(I)的化合物
R103是H,C1-C20烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基或萘基,
R104是氢,C1-C20烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基或萘基;或
Mr+/r,
Mr+是r-价金属阳离子或铵离子,
n是0,1,2,3,4,5或6,并且
r是1,2,3或4;
Q是氢,-X-C(O)-OR107,或基团
R101是异丙基,叔丁基,环己基,或取代上1-3个C1-C4烷基基团的环己基,
R102是氢,C1-C4烷基,环己基,或取代上1-3个C1-C4烷基基团的环己基,
R105是H,C1-C18烷基,OH,卤素或C3-C7环烷基;
R106是H,甲基,三甲基甲硅烷基,苄基,苯基,磺酰基或C1-C18烷基;
R107是H,C1-C10烷基或C3-C7环烷基;以及
X是亚苯基,C1-C4烷基基团-取代的亚苯基或亚环己基;或
a2)通式(II)的化合物,
其中
R201是氢,C1-C20烷基,苯基或C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;联苯基,萘基,-CH2-O-C1-C20烷基或-CH2-S-C1-C20烷基,
R202是C1-C20烷基,苯基或C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;联苯基,萘基,-CH2-O-C1-C20烷基或-CH2-S-C1-C20烷基,或R1和R2合在一起是通式III的基团
其中
R203,R204和R205彼此独立地是C1-C20烷基,苯基或C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;
R206是氢,C1-C18烷基或碱金属离子或铵离子或
R206是直接键,它与R202一起构成一个脂族或芳族环状酯;或
a3)通式(I)和通式(II)的化合物;
以及,
b)荧光增白剂,选自通式1~8的化合物或其混合物,
在该式中,
R1是下列通式的基团:
R3是未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;
R4是M,或未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;
R5是氢;未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;或-NR7R8,其中R7和R8彼此独立地是氢或未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团,或R7和R8连同连接它们的氮原子构成一个杂环基团,尤其是吗啉代或哌啶子基基团;
R6是氢,或未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;
R1和R2彼此独立地是-OH,-Cl,-NH2,-O-C1-C4烷基,-O-芳基,-NH-C1-C4烷基,-N(C1-C4烷基)2,-N(C1-C4烷基)(C1-C4羟烷基),-N(C1-C4羟烷基)2,-NH-芳基,吗啉代或-S-C1-C4烷基(芳基);
R11是氢,-Cl或SO3M;
R12是-CN,-SO3M,-S(C1-C4烷基)2或-S(芳基)2;
R13是氢,-SO3M,-O-C1-C4烷基,-CN,-Cl,-COO-C1-C4烷基或-CON(C1-C4烷基)2;
R14是氢,-C1-C4烷基,-Cl或-SO3M;
R15和R16彼此独立地是氢,C1-C4烷基,-SO3M,-Cl或-O-C1-C4烷基;
R17是氢或C1-C4烷基;
R18是氢,C1-C4烷基,-CN,-Cl,-COO-C1-C4烷基,-CON(C1-C4烷基)2,芳基或-O-芳基;
M 是氢,钠,钾,钙,镁,铵,单-,二-,三-或四-C1-C4烷基铵,单-,二-或三-C1-C4羟烷基铵,或被C1-C4烷基和C1-C4羟烷基基团的混合物二-或三-取代的铵;并且
n1,n2和n3彼此独立地是0或1。
优选没有含铝缩合催化剂存在或曾应用于缩聚反应中。
除了聚酯,聚酰胺或聚碳酸酯之外,本发明还包括对应共聚物和共混物,例如,PBT/PS,PBT/ASA,PBT/ABS,PBT/PC,PET/ABS,PET/PC,PBT/PET/PC,PBT/PET,PA/PP,PA/PE和PA/ABS。然而,需要考虑到,该新方法,像所有允许共混物组分之间的交换反应的方法一样,会影响共混物,即,可能生成一种共聚物结构。
优选的方法是那些其缩聚物是脂族或芳族聚酯,脂族或芳族聚酰胺或聚碳酸酯或其共混物或共聚物的方法。
该缩聚物例如是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET),聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT),聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEN),聚对苯二甲酸1,3-丙二醇酯(PTT),共聚酯,PA6,PA6.6,含通过碳酸酯基团连接的双酚A,双酚Z或双酚F的聚碳酸酯。
优选的缩聚物是PBT,PET,或与PBT或PET的共聚物。
该缩聚物也可以是回收物。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,按照上面方法的缩聚物表现出大于80的L值和小于2的b值,按照ASTMD1925用分光计测定。
聚酰胺,既包括新制聚酰胺和聚酰胺回收物,应理解为,例如,由二胺和二羧酸和/或氨基羧酸或对应的内酰胺衍生的脂族和芳族聚酰胺或共聚酰胺。合适的聚酰胺是,例如:PA6,PA11,PA12,PA46,PA66,PA69,PA610,PA612,PA10.12,PA12.12,还有无定形聚酰胺和热塑性聚酰胺弹性体,例如,Vestamid,GrilamidELY60,Pebax,Nyim和GrilonELX型聚醚酰胺。所举类型的聚酰胺是普遍公知的并且有市售供应。
使用的聚酰胺优选是结晶或部分结晶聚酰胺并且,特别是,PA6和PA6.6或其共混物,乃至基于它们的回收物或其共聚物。
聚酯,即,新制聚酯以及聚酯回收物,可以是由脂族,环脂族或芳族二羧酸和二醇或羟基羧酸构成的均聚酯或共聚酯.
聚酯可通过直接酯化(PTA方法),也可通过酯交换(DMT方法)制备。任何公知的催化剂体系皆可用于该制备。
组分a1),a2),a3)和b)可在两种方法中任何一种的缩合反应的任何阶段加入。优选的是,它们从一开始就存在。在要求高分子量的情况下,在熔融缩聚之后,缩合物可接受固态缩聚加工。
或者,组分a1),a2),a3)和b)可在熔融加工期间加入。随后,缩聚物可接受固态缩聚加工.组分a1),a2),a3)和b)可一次全部加入或者在不同加工步骤中加入,例如,或则组分a1),a2),a3)和b)在熔融缩聚中,或则组分a1),a2),a3)在熔融缩聚期间而组分b)在熔融加工期间加入,或者反过来。
脂族二羧酸可含有2~40个碳原子,环脂族二羧酸可含有6~10个碳原子,芳族二羧酸含有8~14个碳原子,脂族羟基羧酸含2~12个碳原子,而芳族和环脂族羟基羧酸含有7~14个碳原子。
脂族二醇可含有2~12个碳原子,环脂族二醇含5~8个碳原子,而芳族二醇含6~16个碳原子。
分子量介于150~40000的聚氧化烯二醇也可使用。
芳族二醇是那些其2个羟基基团键合在一个或者不同芳烃基团的那些.
合适的二羧酸是线型或支化的饱和脂族二羧酸,芳族二羧酸和环脂族二羧酸。
合适的脂族二羧酸是含有2~40个碳原子的那些,例如,草酸,丙二酸,二甲基丙二酸,琥珀酸,庚二酸,己二酸,三甲基己二酸,癸二酸,壬二酸和二聚酸(不饱和脂族羧酸如油酸的二聚产物),烷基化的丙二酸和琥珀酸如十八烷基琥珀酸。
合适的环脂族二羧酸是:1,3-环丁烷二羧酸,1,3-环戊烷二羧酸,1,3-和1,4-环己烷二羧酸,1,3-和1,4-(二羧甲基)环己烷,4,4′-二环己基二羧酸。
合适的芳族二羧酸是:特别是对苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸,邻苯二甲酸和1,3-,1,4-,2,6-或2,7-萘二甲酸,4,4′-二苯基二羧酸,4,4′-二苯砜二羧酸,4,4′-二苯酮二羧酸,1,1,3-三甲基-5-羧基-3-(对羧基苯基)-1,2-二氢化茚,4,4′-二苯醚二羧酸,双-对-(羧基苯基)甲烷或双-对-(羧基苯基)乙烷。
芳族二羧酸是优选的,尤其是对苯二甲酸,间苯二甲酸和2,6-萘二甲酸。
其它合适的二羧酸是含有-CO-NH-基团的那些;它们描述在DE-A2414349中。含N-杂环的二羧酸也适合,例如,由羧基烷基化的,羧基苯基化的或羧基苄基化的单胺-s-三嗪二羧酸衍生的那些(参见DE-A-2121184和2533675),单-或双乙内酰脲,任选卤化的苯并咪唑或乙二酰脲.在此种情况下,羧基烷基基团可含有3~20个碳原子。
合适的脂族二醇是线型和支化的脂族二醇,特别是在分子中含有2~12,优选2~6个碳原子的那些,例如,乙二醇,1,2-和1,3-丙二醇,1,2-,1,3-,2,3-或1,4-丁二醇,戊二醇,新戊二醇,1,6-己二醇,1,12-十二烷二醇。合适的环脂族二醇是,例如,1,4-二羟基环己烷。其它合适的脂族二醇是,例如,1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷,芳族-脂族二醇如亚二甲苯基二甲醇或2,5-二氯-亚二甲苯基二甲醇,2,2-(β-羟基乙氧基苯基)丙烷,还有聚氧化烯二醇如二甘醇,三甘醇,聚乙二醇或聚丙二醇。亚烷基二醇优选是线型的,优选含有2~4个碳原子。
优选的二醇是亚烷基二醇,1,4-二羟基环己烷和1,4-双(羟甲基)-环己烷.特别优选的是乙二醇,1,4-丁二醇和1,2-和1,3-丙二醇。
其它合适的脂族二醇是β-羟烷基化,特别是,β-羟乙基化的双酚,例如,2,2-双[4’-(β-羟基乙氧基)]苯基丙烷。其它双酚将在稍后提到。
另一类合适的脂族二醇是描述在DE-A-1812003,DE-A-2342432,DE-A-2342372和DE-A-2453326中的杂环二醇,例如:N,N’-双(β-羟乙基)-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲,N,N’-双(β-羟丙基)-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲,亚甲基双[N-(β-羟乙基)-5-甲基-5-乙基乙内酰脲],亚甲基双[N-(β-羟乙基)-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲],N,N’-双(β-羟乙基)苯并咪唑酮,N,N’-双(β-羟乙基)-(四氯)苯并咪唑酮或N,N’-双(β-羟乙基)-(四溴)苯并咪唑酮。
合适的芳族二醇是单核二酚,特别是在每个芳核上都带有羟基基团的双核二酚。芳族应理解为优选地芳烃基团如亚苯基和亚萘基.此外,例如,氢醌,间苯二酚或1,5-,2,6-和2,7-二羟基萘,特别可举出可用下式代表的双酚:
羟基基团可在间位,优选在对位,并且这些式中R’和R″可以是含有1~6个碳原子的烷基,卤素,例如氯或溴,并且,特别是氢原子。A可以是直接键或-O-,-S-,(O)S(O)-,-C(O)-,
-P(O)(C1-C20烷基)-,未取代的或取代的烷叉,亚环烷基或亚烷基。
未取代的或取代的亚烷基的例子是:亚乙基,1,1-或2,2-亚丙基,2,2-亚丁基,1,1-亚异丁基,亚戊基,亚己基,亚庚基,亚辛基,二氯亚乙基和三氯亚乙基。
未取代的或取代的亚烷基的例子是亚甲基,亚乙基,苯基亚甲基,二苯基亚甲基,甲基苯基亚甲基。亚环烷基的例子是亚环戊基,亚环己基,亚环庚基和亚环辛基。
双酚的例子是:双(对羟苯基)醚或双(对羟苯基)硫醚,双(对羟苯基)砜,双(对羟苯基)甲烷,双(4-羟苯基)-2,2′-联苯,苯基氢醌,1,2-双(对羟苯基)乙烷,1-苯基双(对羟苯基)-乙烷,二苯基双(对羟苯基)甲烷,二苯基双(对羟苯基)乙烷,双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)砜,双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)-对二-异丙基苯,双(3,5-二甲基-4-羟苯基)-间二异丙基苯2,2-双(3’,5′-二甲基-4′-羟苯基)丙烷,1,1-或2,2-双(对羟苯基)丁烷,2,2-双(对羟苯基)六氟丙烷,1,1-二氯-或1,1,1-三氯-2,2-双(对羟苯基)乙烷,1,1-双(对羟苯基)环戊烷以及,特别是,2,2-双(对羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A)和1,1-双(对羟苯基)环己烷(双酚C).
合适的羟基羧酸的聚酯是,例如,聚己内酯,聚新戊内酯或4-羟基环己烷羧酸,2-羟基-6-萘甲酸或4-羟基苯甲酸的聚酯.
其它合适的化合物是可主要含酯键或还有其它键的聚合物,例如,聚酯酰胺或聚酯酰亚胺.
含有芳族二羧酸的聚酯已变得最重要,特别是,聚对苯二甲酸亚烷基二醇酯。因此,优选这样的新型模塑组合物,其中聚酯含有至少30mol%,优选至少40mol%芳族二羧酸,并含有至少30mol%,优选至少40mol%优选地含有2~12个碳原子的亚烷基二醇,以聚酯为基准计。
在这种情况下,亚烷基二醇,具体地说,是线型的并含有2~6个碳原子,例如,乙二醇,三-,四-或六亚甲基二醇,而芳族二羧酸则是对苯二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸.
特别合适的聚酯是PET,PBT,PEN,PTT和对应共聚物,其中PET及其共聚物尤其优选.该方法在回收物来自,例如,瓶子收集如饮料工业收集的PET回收物的情况下也特别重要。这些材料优选由对苯二甲酸,2,6-萘二甲酸和/或间苯二甲酸与乙二醇,二甘醇和/或1,4-双(羟甲基)环己烷组合构成。
可举出的聚酯共混物,特别是,含有聚碳酸酯的那些。
聚碳酸酯(PC)应理解为既包括新制聚碳酸酯也包括聚碳酸酯回收物。PC由,例如,双酚A和光气或光气类似物如氯甲酸三氯甲酯,三光气或碳酸二苯酯,通过缩合来制取,在后一种情况下,通常加入适当酯交换催化剂,例如,氢硼化物,胺,例如,2-甲基咪唑或季铵盐;除了双酚A之外,其它双酚组分也可使用并且还可使用在苯核中卤化的单体。要举出的特别合适的双酚组分是:2,2-双(4′-羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A),2,4′-二羟基二苯甲烷,双(2-羟苯基)甲烷,双(4-羟苯基)甲烷,双(4-羟基-5-丙基苯基)甲烷,1,1-双(4′-羟苯基)乙烷,双(4-羟苯基)环己基甲烷,2,2-双(4′-羟苯基)-1-苯基丙烷,2,2-双(3′,5′-二甲基-4′-羟苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(3′,5′-二溴-4′-羟苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(3′,5′-二氯-4′-羟苯基)丙烷,1,1-双(4′-羟苯基)环十二烷,1,1-双(3′,5′-二甲基-4′-羟苯基)环十二烷,1,1-双(4′-羟苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环己烷,1,1-双(4′-羟苯基)-3,3,5,5-四甲基环己烷,1,1-双(4′-羟苯基)-3,3,5-三甲基环戊烷以及上面提到的双酚。聚碳酸酯也可由适当数量二官能以上单体(例子正如上面针对聚酯给出的)实现支化.
可用于该新方法的聚酯共聚物或共混物按照传统方式由起始聚合物制备。聚酯组分优选是PET,PBT,而PC组分则优选是基于双酚A的PC。聚酯对PC的比例优选介于95∶5-5∶95,特别优选的比例是,其中一种组分占到至少75%的比例.
也可能,聚酯用少量,例如,0.1-3mol%,以存在的二羧酸为基准计,二官能以上的单体(例如,季戊四醇,偏苯三酸,1,3,5-三(羟苯基)苯,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸或2-(4-羟苯基)-2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)丙烷)实现支化.
下面给出二官能和二官能以上单体的进一步例子。
有用的多酐例如是具有2~8个酐官能团的多酐,还可能除了酐官能团之外,还存在游离酸基团或羧酸酯。
优选使用四羧酸二酐。
可用在本发明范围内的四羧酸二酐是下列通式的那些
其中R是C4-C20链烷四基或通式(Xa)-(Xj)的基团,
其中Q是-CH2-,-CH(CH3)-,-C(CH3)2-,-C(CF3)2-,-S-,-O-,-SO2-,-NHCO-,-CO-或>P(O)(C1-C20烷基)且其中通式(Va)-(Ve)中的芳环是未取代的或取代上一个或多个C1-C6烷基基团,C1-C6烷氧基基团或卤素原子。
如果R是链烷四基基团,则四羧酸二酐可以是,例如,丁烷-1,2,3,4-四羧酸二酐。
优选的四羧酸二酐是含有芳环的那些.
特别优选的是苯均四酸二酐,3,3′,4,4′-二苯酮四甲酸二酐,3,3′,4,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐和氧联二苯酐。
恰当的话,也可使用不同结构四羧酸二酐的共混物。
单个特别优选的四羧酸二酐是:苯均四酸二酐,二苯酮四甲酸二酐,1,1,2,2-乙烷四甲酸二酐,1,2,3,4-环戊烷四甲酸二酐,二苯砜四甲酸二酐,5-(2,5-二氧代-3-四氢呋喃基)-3-甲基-3环己烷-1,2-二甲酸二酐,双(3,4-二羧酸苯基)醚二酐,双(3,4-二羧酸苯基)硫醚二酐,双酚A双醚二酐,2,2-双(3,4-二羧苯基)六氟丙烷二酐,2,3,6,7-萘四甲酸二酐,双(3,4-二羧酸苯基)砜二酐,1,2,5,6-萘四甲酸二酐,2,2’,3,3’-联苯四甲酸二酐,氢醌双醚二酐,3,4,9,10-苝四甲酸二酐,1,2,3,4-环丁烷四甲酸二酐,3,4-二羧基-1,2,3,4-四氢-1-萘琥珀酸二酐,双环(2,2)辛-7-烯-2,3,5,6-四甲酸二酐,四氢呋喃-2,3,4,5-四甲酸二酐,2,2-双(3,4-二羧基苯基)丙烷二酐,3,3’,4,4’-联苯四甲酸二酐,4,4’-氧联二苯酐(ODPA),乙二胺四甲酸二酐(DDTAH),或这些二酐的组合。
多官能化合物例如是多官能羟基化合物(多元醇),多官能环氧化合物,多官能胺化合物(多胺),多官能氮丙啶化合物(多氮丙啶),多官能异氰酸酯化合物(多异氰酸酯),多官能噁唑啉化合物(多噁唑啉),多官能硫醇或这些化合物的组合。
优选使用由含3~10个游离羟基基团的酚和/或醇组成的多元醇,由含3~10个游离硫醇基团的苯硫酚和/或硫醇组成的多硫醇,含3~10个游离氨基基团的芳族和/或脂族多胺,多噁唑啉,多氮丙啶或含至少2个环氧基团的环氧化合物.
在就本发明意义而言的环氧化物类当中,多官能,特别是二官能化合物可具有脂族,芳族,环脂族,芳脂族或杂环结构;它们含有环氧基团作为侧基团或这些基团构成脂环或杂环的环体系的一部分。该环氧基团优选作为缩水甘油基基团通过醚或酯键连接到分子的其余部分上,或者它们是杂环胺,酰胺或酰亚胺的N-缩水甘油基衍生物。此类型环氧化物是普遍公知的并且有市售供应。
该环氧化物含有,例如,2个环氧基团,例如,通式IV的那些,
其基团直接键合在碳,氧,氮或硫原子上,其中如果R205和R207是氢,R206是氢或甲基和p=0;或者,如果R205和R207合在一起是
-CH2-CH2-或-CH2-CH2-CH2-,则R206是氢并且p=0或1。
要举出的环氧化物的例子是:
1.二缩水甘油基酯和二(β-甲基缩水甘油基)酯,可通过在分子中含有2个羧基基团的化合物与表氯醇或甘油1,3-二氯-2-丙醇或β-甲基表氯醇起反应来制取。该反应在碱存在下实施。
分子中含2个羧基基团的化合物可以是脂族二羧酸。这些二羧酸的例子是戊二酸,己二酸,庚二酸,辛二羧,壬二酸,癸二酸或者二聚的或三聚的亚油酸.
然而,也可使用环脂族二羧酸,例如,四氢邻苯二甲酸,4-甲基四氢邻苯二甲酸,六氢邻苯二甲酸或4-甲基六氢邻苯二甲酸.
芳族二羧酸也可使用,例如,邻苯二甲酸或间苯二甲酸。
2.二缩水甘油基醚或二(β-甲基缩水甘油基)醚,可通过在分子中含有2个游离的醇羟基基团和/或酚羟基基团的化合物与适当取代的表氯醇在碱性条件下,或者在酸催化剂存在下起反应,随后用碱处理,来制取。
此种类型的醚由,例如,无环醇衍生而来,例如,由乙二醇,二甘醇和高级聚(氧乙烯)二醇,丙烷-1,2-二醇或聚(氧丙烯)二醇,丙烷-1,3-二醇,丁烷-1,4-二醇,聚(氧四亚甲基)二醇,戊烷-1,5-二醇,己烷-1,6-二醇,山梨醇,和由聚表氯醇衍生。
它们也由,例如,环脂族醇衍生,例如,由1,3-或1,4-二羟基环己烷,双(4-羟环己基)甲烷,2,2-双(4-羟环己基)丙烷或1,1-双(羟甲基)-环己-3-烯,或者它们具有芳核,例如,N,N-双(2-羟乙基)苯胺或对,对′-双(2-羟乙基氨基)二苯甲烷。
环氧化物也可由单核酚衍生,例如,由间苯二酚,焦儿茶酚或氢醌或者它们可基于多核酚如4,4′-二羟基联苯,双(4-羟苯基)甲烷,2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(3,5-二溴-4-羟苯基)丙烷,4,4′-二羟基二苯基砜,9,9′-双(4-羟苯基)芴,或基于在酸条件下由酚与甲醛制取的缩合物,例如,线型酚醛树脂。
3.二(N-缩水甘油基)化合物可由例如表氯醇与含2个氨基氢原子的胺的反应产物脱氯化氢来制取。这些胺是,例如,苯胺,甲苯胺,正丁胺,双(4-氨基苯基)甲烷,间二甲苯二胺或双(4-甲基氨基苯基)甲烷。
二(N-缩水甘油基)化合物还包括N,N′-二缩水甘油基环亚烷基脲,例如,亚乙基脲或1,3-亚丙基脲的衍生物,以及N,N′-二缩水甘油基的乙内酰脲,例如,5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲的衍生物。
4.二(S-缩水甘油基)化合物,例如二-S-缩水甘油基衍生物,例如由二硫醇,如乙烷-1,2-二硫醇或双(4-巯基甲基苯基)醚,衍生而来。
5.含这样的通式IV的基团的环氧化物,其中R205和R207合在一起是-CH2-CH2-和n是0,例如双(2,3-环氧环戊基)醚,2,3-环氧环戊基缩水甘油基醚或1,2-双(2,3-环氧环戊基氧基)乙烷;含这样的通式IV的基团的环氧化物,其中R5和R7合在一起是-CH2-CH2-和n是1,例如3,4-环氧-6-甲基环己烷羧酸-(3′,4′-环氧-6′-甲基环己基)甲基酯。
由于,例如,制备方法的原因,上面提到的二官能环氧化物可含有少量单-或三官能成分。
主要使用具有芳族结构的二缩水甘油基化合物。
在恰当的情况下,也可使用不同结构的环氧化物的共混物。
一方面,也可使用三-和多官能环氧化物作为补充以便获得支化物,若要求的话.此类环氧化物,例如,是a)双酚A的液态二缩水甘油基醚,例如,GY 240,GY 250,GY 260,GY 266,GY 2600,MY 790;b)双酚A的固态二缩水甘油基醚,例如,GT 6071,GT 7071,GT7072,GT 6063,GT 7203,GT 6064,GT7304,GT 7004,GT 6084,GT 1999,GT7077,GT 6097,GT 7097,GT 7008,GT6099,GT 6608,GT 6609,GT 6610;c)双酚F的液态二缩水甘油基醚,例如,GY 281,GY282,PY 302,PY 306;d)四苯基乙烷的固态聚缩水甘油基醚,例如,CG环氧树0163;e)线型酚醛清漆的固态和液态聚缩水甘油基醚,例如,EPN 1138,EPN 1139,GY 1180,PY 307;f)邻甲酚线型酚醛清漆的固态和液态聚缩水甘油基醚,例如,ECN 1235,ECN 1273,ECN 1280,ECN 1299;g)醇的液态缩水甘油基醚,例如,缩水甘油基醚162,DY 0390,DY 0391;h)羧酸的液态缩水甘油基酯,例如,Cardura E对苯二甲酸酯,偏苯三酸酯,PY 284或芳族缩水甘油基酯的混合物,例如,PT 910;i)固态杂环环氧树脂(三缩水甘油基异氰尿酸酯)如PT 810;j)液态环脂族环氧树脂,例如,CY 179;k)对氨基酚的液态N,N,O-三缩水甘油基醚,例如,MY 0510;l)四缩水甘油基-4-4′-亚甲基benzamine或N,N,N′,N′-四缩水甘油基二氨苯基甲烷,例如,MY 720,MY 721。
特别优选的二官能环氧化物是这样的二缩水甘油基醚,它们基于双酚,例如基于2,2-双(4-羟苯基)丙烷(双酚A),双(4-羟苯基)-砜(双酚S),双(邻/对-羟苯基)甲烷的混合物(双酚F)或MT 0163。
优选使用0.01~5份,更优选0.02~2份,最优选0.05~1份二环氧化物,以100份缩聚物为基准计。
多官能,特别是选自噁唑啉的类的三官能化合物,就本发明内容而言,是公知的并描述在,特别是EP-A-0583807中,并且是,例如,通式V的化合物,
其中R408,R409,R410和R411彼此独立地是氢,卤素,C1-C20烷基,C4-C15环烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基;C1-C20烷氧基或C2-C20羧烷基基团,
如果t=3,
R412是三价线型,支化或环状脂族基团,含有1~18个碳原子,中间可被氧,硫或中断,或R12也是未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯三基。
如果t=2,
R412是二价线型,支化或环状脂族基团,含有1~18个碳原子,中间可被氧,硫或中断,,或R412也是未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的亚苯基,R413是C1-C8烷基,并且t是2或3.
卤素是,例如,氟,氯,溴和碘。特别优选氯。
含最高20个碳原子的烷基是支化或未支化的基团,例如甲基,乙基,丙基,异丙基,正丁基,仲丁基,异丁基,叔丁基,2-乙基丁基,正戊基,异戊基,1-甲基戊基,1,3-二甲基丁基,正己基,1-甲基己基,正庚基,异庚基,1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基,1-甲基庚基,3-甲基庚基,正辛基,2-乙基己基,1,1,3-三甲基己基,1,1,3,3-四甲基戊基,壬基,癸基,十一烷基,1-甲基十一烷基,十二烷基,1,1,3,3,5,5-六甲基己基,十三烷基,十四烷基,十五烷基,十六烷基,十七烷基,十八烷基,二十烷基或二十二烷基。R8,R9,R10和R11的优选含义是C1-C12烷基,特别是C1-C8烷基,例如,C1-C4烷基。
C4-C15环烷基,特别是C5-C12环烷基,例如是,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环庚基,环辛基或环十二烷基。C5-C8环烷基是优选的,特别是环己基。
C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基,优选含有1~3,更优选1或2个烷基基团者,例如是,邻-,间-或对-甲基苯基,2,3-二甲基苯基,2,4-二甲基苯基,2,5-二甲基苯基,2,6-二甲基苯基,3,4-二甲基苯基,3,5-二甲基苯基,2-甲基-6-乙基苯基,4-叔丁基苯基,2-乙基苯基或2,6-二乙基苯基。
含有最高20个碳原子的烷氧基是支化或未支化的基团,例如甲氧基,乙氧基,丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,异丁氧基,戊氧基,异戊氧基,己氧基,庚氧基,辛氧基,癸氧基,十四烷氧基,十六烷氧基或十八烷氧基。R8,R9,R10和R11的优选含义是含有1~12,优选1~8,例如,1~4个碳原子的烷氧基。
含有2~20个碳原子的羧烷基基团是支化或未支化的基团,例如羧甲基,羧乙基,羧丙基,羧丁基,羧戊基,羧己基,羧庚基,羧辛基,羧壬基,羧癸基,羧十一烷基,羧十二烷基,2-羧-1-丙基,2-羧-1-丁基或2-羧-1-戊基。R8,R9,R10和R11的优选含义是C2-C12羧烷基基团,特别是C2-C8羧烷基基团,例如,C2-C4羧烷基基团。
含有1~18个碳原子的三价线型,支化或环状脂族基团,该基团中间可被氧,硫或中断,是指,这3个键合部位可在同一原子上或者在不同原子上。其例子是甲烷三基,1,1,1-乙烷三基,1,1,1-丙烷三基,1,1,1-丁烷三基,1,1,1-戊烷三基,1,1,1-己烷三基,1,1,1-庚烷三基,1,1,1-辛烷三基,1,1,1-壬烷三基,1,1,1-癸烷三基,1,1,1-十一烷三基,1,1,1-十二烷三基,1,2,3-丙烷三基,1,2,3-丁烷三基,1,2,3-戊烷三基,1,2,3-己烷三基,1,1,3-环戊烷三基,1,3,5-环己烷三基,3-氧代-1,1,5-戊烷三基,3-硫代-1,1,5-戊烷三基或3-甲基氨基-1,1,5-戊烷三基。
含有1~18个碳原子的二价线型,支化或环状脂族基团,该基团中间可被氧,硫或中断,是指这2个键合部位可在同一原子上或者在不同原子上.其例子是亚甲基,亚乙基,亚丙基,亚丁基,亚戊基,亚己基,亚庚基,亚辛基,亚壬基,亚癸基,亚十一烷基或亚十二烷基。
未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯三基,优选含有1~3更优选1或2个烷基基团者,例如是1,2,4-苯三基,1,3,5-苯三基,3-甲基-1,2,4-苯(benzol)三基或2-甲基-1,3,5-苯三基。1,2,4-苯三基和1,3,5-苯三基是特别优选的。
特别感兴趣的化合物是这样的通式V的化合物,其中
R8,R9,R10和R11彼此独立地是氢或C1-C4烷基,并且
R12是1,2,4-苯三基或1,3,5-苯三基。
尤其感兴趣的通式V的化合物是,例如,2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-苯三基)-三-2-噁唑啉;2,2′,2″-(1,2,4-苯三基)-三-4,4-二甲基-2-噁唑啉;2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-苯三基)-三-4,4-二甲基-2-噁唑啉;2,2′,2″-(1,2,4-苯三基)-三-5-甲基-2-噁唑啉;或2,2′,2″-(1,3,5-苯三基)-三-5-甲基-2-噁唑啉。
就本发明意义而言,优选的属于双噁唑啉类的二官能化合物描述在T.Loontjens等人,Makromol.Chem.,Macromol.Symp.75,211-216(1993)中,并且是,例如,下列通式的化合物,
多官能,特别是二官能本发明意义上的异氰酸酯类的化合物是公知的,例如是通式VII的化合物
O=C=N-R23-N=C=O (VII),
其中R23是C1-C20亚烷基或多亚甲基,亚芳基,芳亚烷基或环亚烷基。
优选的二异氰酸酯是四亚甲基二异氰酸酯,六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,十二亚甲基二异氰酸酯,二十烷-1,20-二异氰酸酯,4-丁基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,2,2,4-或2,4,4-三甲基六亚甲基二异氰酸酯,OCN(CH2)2O(CH2)2NCO,甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯,对苯二异氰酸酯,二甲苯二异氰酸酯,3-异氰酸根合甲基-3,5,5-三甲基环己基异氰酸酯,萘二异氰酸酯,磺酰基二异氰酸酯,二苯甲烷的3,3′,4,4′-和3,4′-二异氰酸酯,2,2-二苯基丙烷和二苯基醚,3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二异氰酸根合联苯,3,3′-二甲氧基-4,4′-二异氰酸根合联苯和4,4′-二异氰酸根合二苯甲烷。
上面列举的二异氰酸酯有市售供应或者可由市售供应的胺制备。
也可使用二异氰酸酯生成剂,例如,聚合的氨基甲酸酯,脲二酮二聚体和更高级低聚物,氰尿酸酯聚合物,氰尿酸酯聚合物的氨基甲酸酯和聚合氨基甲酸酯以及席夫碱的可热离解加成物。
属于本发明意义的醇类的多官能化合物是公知的,例如是季戊四醇,二季戊四醇,三季戊四醇,双三羟甲基丙烷,双三羟甲基乙烷,三羟甲基丙烷,山梨醇,麦芽糖醇,异麦芽糖醇,乳糖醇,lycasine,甘露醇,乳糖,明串珠菌二糖,三(羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯,palatinite,四羟甲基环己醇,四羟甲基环戊醇,四羟甲基环吡喃醇,甘油,双甘油,多甘油或1-0-α-D-吡喃葡糖基-D-甘露醇二水合物,1,1,1-三(4-羟苯基)乙烷,4,6-二甲基-2,4,6-三(4-羟苯基)庚烷,2,2-双(4-(4-羟苯基)环己基)丙烷,1,3,5-三羟基苯,1,2,3-三羟基苯,1,4-双(4-羟苯基)苯基)苯,2,3,4-三羟基乙酰苯,2,3,4-三羟基苯甲酸,2,3,4-三羟基二苯酮,2,4,4’-三羟基二苯酮,2’,4’,6’-三羟基-3-(4-羟苯基)苯基.乙基甲酮,五羟基黄酮,3,4,5-三羟基嘧啶,3,4,5-三羟苯基甲基胺,四羟基-1,4-醌水合物,2,2’,4,4’四羟基二苯酮或1,2,5,8-四羟基蒽醌。季戊四醇,二季戊四醇和三(羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯是优选的.
优选的是,该多元醇是甘油或季戊四醇;环氧化合物是氨基酚三缩水甘油基醚,偏苯三酸三缩水甘油基酯或Araldit MT 0163;噁唑啉是2,2′-双(4H-3,1-苯并噁嗪-4-酮),多胺是2-氨基丙胺,1,2,3-三氨基丙烷,三氨基苯,三氨基甲苯,三氨基茴香醚,三氨基萘,三氨基吡啶,三氨基嘧啶,四氨基嘧啶,四氨基苯,四氨基二苯基,四氨基二苯基砜,六氨基联苯,三氨基环丙烷;多氨丙啶是三[1-(2-甲基)氮丙啶基]膦氧化物,并且多硫醇是1,2,3-三巯基丙烷,三巯基-苯或三巯基苯胺。
本发明对聚酯回收物,例如,从生产废料回收的,有用的收集物,或通过所谓义务返回物,例如,来自汽车工业或来自电子领域的的情况也有意义。缩聚物的回收物在此种情况下由于多种原因遭到热和/或水解损坏。这些回收物另外还可含有次要数量不同结构的塑料的掺混物,例如,聚烯烃,聚氨酯,ABS或PVC。另外,这些回收物还可含有来自标准杂质的混杂物,例如,着色剂,胶粘剂,触媒或漆的残余物,痕量金属,水,操作剂或无机盐.
通式(I)的膦酸酯是公知的并且可按照标准方法制备,例如,在美国专利4778840中描述的。然而,还有另外一些合适的膦酸酯,正如下面列出的。
空间位阻的羟苯基烷基膦酸酯或半酯,,例如,从US 4 778 840公知的那些,是特别优选的。
通式(I)化合物的取代基的例子给出如下。
卤素是氟,氯,溴或碘。
含有最高18个碳原子的烷基取代基是合适的基团,例如,甲基,乙基,丙基,丁基,戊基,己基和辛基,十八烷基,还有对应的支化异构体;C2-C4烷基和异辛基是优选的。
C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基或萘基,优选含有1~3,更优选1或2个烷基基团,例如是,邻-,间-或对-甲基苯基,2,3-二甲基苯基,2,4-二甲基苯基,2,5-二甲基苯基,2,6-二甲基苯基,3,4-二甲基苯基,3,5-二甲基苯基,2-甲基-6-乙基苯基,4-叔丁基苯基,2-乙基苯基,2,6-二乙基苯基,1-甲基萘基,2-甲基萘基,4-甲基萘基,1,6-二甲基萘基或4-叔丁基萘基。
C1-C4烷基-取代的环己基,优选含有1~3,更优选1或2个烷基-基团,可以是支化或未支化烷基基团,例如是,环戊基,甲基环戊基,二甲基环戊基,环己基,甲基环己基,二甲基环己基,三甲基环己基或叔丁基环己基。
单-,二-,三-或四-价金属阳离子优选是碱金属,碱土金属,重金属或铝阳离子,例如,Na+,K+,Mg++,Ca++,Ba++,Zn++,Al+++,或Ti++++。Ca++是特别优选的。
优选的通式I的化合物是含有至少一个叔丁基基团作为R1或R2的那些。非常特别优选的化合物是其R1和R2同时为叔丁基的那些。
n优选是1或2,特别是1。
例如膦酸酯具有通式Ia
其中
R101是H,异丙基,叔丁基,环己基,或取代上1-3个C1-C4烷基基团的环己基,
R102是氢,C1-C4烷基,环己基,或取代上1-3个C1-C4烷基基团的环己基,
R103是C1-C20烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基或萘基,
R104是氢,C1-C20烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基或萘基;或Mr+/r;
Mr+是r-价金属阳离子,r是1,2,3或4;以及
n是1,2,3,4,5或6。
优选的膦酸酯具有通式III,IV,V,VI或VII
其中R101彼此独立地是氢或Mr+/r;
一般而言,优选这样的方法,其中通式(I)的化合物作为组分a1)加入。
通式(I)化合物的具体例子具有通式P1或P2
通式(II)化合物的具体例子是双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)膦酸。
通式(1)-(8)的荧光增白剂存在于它们的重要商品中或者可按照,例如,在R.Anliker和G.Müller编辑的》荧光增白剂》Georg Thieme,1975,中描述的那样制备.特别是,通式(1)的荧光增白剂可在公知的反应条件下通过氰尿酰氯与对应的氨基均二苯代乙烯磺酸和能引入基团R1的氨基化合物,并与能引入基团R2的氨基化合物,其中R1和R2如上面所定义,起反应来制备。
可有利地在本发明中使用的荧光增白剂的例子列在下表1中:
优选以通式1~8的化合物作为该化合物的方法。
在本发明的特定实施方案中,通式(I)或(II)的化合物以0.01~5wt%,优选0.05~1wt%的数量加入,以缩聚物的重量为基准计。
特别优选化合物F2和F3。
例如,通式1~8的化合物以0.001~0.5wt%,优选0.005~0.2wt%的数量加入,以缩聚物的重量为基准计。
例如,通式(I)和/或(II)与通式1~8的化合物的重量比介于50∶1~1∶1.
例如,该熔融方法在170℃~320℃的最高熔体的本体温度之下进行。
在熔体中加工缩聚物是指通常加热到熔点或玻璃化转变温度以上,其间维持搅拌直至共混物变得均一。该温度,在此种情况下,取决于所采用的缩聚物,例如:
·260~290℃,用于纤维和薄膜级PET
·270~310℃,用于瓶子和工业丝级PET
·240~290℃用于PBT
·170~240℃用于无定形PET-等级
·220~280℃用于基于聚酯的热塑性弹性体
·280~320℃用于PC
·270~290℃用于PA 6.6
·240~270℃用于PA 6
取决于缩聚物类型和品级的合适加工温度可见诸于《塑料袖珍本》第21版,H.Saechtling,Carl Hanser Verlag 1979。
加入可在任何备有搅拌器的可加热容器中进行,例如,密闭设备,如捏合机,混合机或搅拌釜。加入优选在挤塑机中或者在捏合机中进行。加工究竟在惰性气氛中或者在氧气存在下进行并不重要。
添加剂或添加剂共混物向缩聚物中的加入可在所有用于熔融缩聚物并使之与添加剂混合的惯用混合机中进行。合适的机器乃是本领域技术人员公知的。它们主要是混合机,捏合机和挤塑机。
该方法优选在挤塑机中通过在加工期间引入添加剂来实施.
特别优选的加工机器是单螺杆挤塑机,相反和同向旋转的双螺杆挤塑机,行星齿轮挤塑机,环型挤塑机或共捏合机。也可以使用备有至少一个可抽真空的排气室的加工机器。
合适的挤塑机和捏合机描述在,例如,《塑料挤塑手册》,卷1基础篇,主编F.Hensen,W.Knappe,H.Potente,1989,pp.3-7,ISBN:3-446-14339-4(卷2挤塑设备1986,ISBN 3-446-14329-7)。
例如,螺杆长度是1~60倍螺杆直径,优选35~48倍螺杆直径。螺杆转速优选介于10~60rpm,非常尤其优选25~300rpm。
如果加入多种成分,则它们可预先混合或者逐一加入。
本发明的添加剂,以及任选的其它添加剂或催化剂可在缩聚物合成的任何阶段期间加入,例如,在单体混合物的初期制备期间,在低聚物生成期间或者在熔融缩聚期间。添加剂可原封地加入或者溶解在液体或固体介质中加入.该液体或固体介质,例如,可以是单体或催化剂。加入可在环境温度和压力下,或者在根据生产工艺需要调节的温度和压力下实施。在间歇方法中,添加剂有利地间歇地加入,在连续生产方法中,添加剂可分数份或者连续加入。
本发明的添加剂,以及任选的其它添加剂也可以母料(“浓缩料”)的形式加入到缩聚物中,母料所含的成分以,例如,介于约1%~约40%,优选2%~约20wt%,的浓度加入到一种缩聚物中。该缩聚物不一定具有与该添加剂最终要加入其中的缩聚物相同的结构.在此种操作中,缩聚物可以粉末,颗粒,溶液,悬浮体或以胶乳的形式使用.
加入可在成形操作之前或期间进行,或者通过将溶解的或分散的化合物施涂到缩聚物上,随后蒸发或不蒸发掉溶剂,来实施。
加工设备优选是单螺杆挤塑机,双螺杆挤塑机,行星齿轮挤塑机,环型挤塑机或共捏合机,任选地具有抽真空的排气区。
优选的方法是包括对排气区施加低于250mbar,特别优选低于100mbar非常特别优选低于50mbar的负压的方法.
另一种优选的方法是这样的方法,其中该加工设备是紧密捏合的双螺杆挤塑机或环型挤塑机,各个螺杆沿相同方向旋转,并且具有加料段,过渡段,至少一个排气区和计量区,其中排气区与过渡段之间或与另一排气区之间隔着可融化料塞。这种可融化料塞的分隔可通过,例如,捏合要素和返回螺杆要素的组合来实现。
该加工设备优选具有1~4个排气区,特别优选1~3个。
该方法一般在常压下实施。典型的加工时间从10s到10min。
本发明另一个方面是可采用上面描述的方法制取的缩聚物.
再一个方面是一种组合物,它包含缩聚物以及,
a1)通式(I)的化合物;或
a2)通式(II)的化合物;或
a3)通式(I)和(II)的化合物和
b)如上面方法中描述的通式1-8化合物;
以及
包含以下组分:
a1)通式(I)的化合物;或
a2)通式(II)的化合物;或
a3)通式(I)和(II)的化合物和
b)荧光增白剂,选自通式1-8的化合物或其混合物,
的混合物用于改进缩聚反应期间缩聚物的颜色和亮度的应用。
优选的是,没有含铝缩合催化剂残留或曾用于缩聚物的生产。
上面针对该方法给出的定义和优选项也适用于本发明的其它方面。
除了上面提到的新型添加剂共混物之外,进一步的添加剂可存在于缩聚物中。它们的例子列举于下。
1.抗氧化剂
1.1.烷基化一元酚,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-正丁基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚,2,6二环戊基-4-甲基苯酚,2-(α-甲基环己基)-4,6-二甲基苯酚,2,6-二(十八烷基)-4-甲基苯酚,2,4,6-三环己基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基甲基苯酚,壬基苯酚,可以是线型或沿侧链支化的,例如2,6-二壬基-4-甲基苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十一-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基十七-1′-基)苯酚,2,4-二甲基-6-(1′-甲基三癸-1′-基)苯酚及其混合物。
1.2.烷基硫代甲基苯酚,例如2,4二辛基硫代甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚,2,4二辛基硫代甲基-6-甲基苯酚,2,4二辛基硫代甲基-6-乙基苯酚,2,6-二十二烷基硫代甲基-4-壬基苯酚。
1.3.氢醌和烷基化氢醌,例如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲氧基苯酚,2,5-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔戊基氢醌,2,6-二苯基-4-十八烷基氧基苯酚,2,6-二叔丁基氢醌,2,5-二叔丁基-4-羟茴香醚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟茴香醚,硬脂酸3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基酯,双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)己二酸酯。
1.4.生育酚,例如α-生育酚,β-生育酚,γ-生育酚,δ-生育酚及其混合物(维生素E)。
1.5.羟基化硫代二苯基醚,例如2,2′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-硫代双(4-辛基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),4,4′-硫代双-(3,6-二仲戊基苯酚),4,4′-双(2,6-二甲基-4-羟苯基)二硫化物..
1.6.亚烷基双酚,例如2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-4-乙基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-(α-甲基环己基)苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-环己基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(6-壬基-4-甲基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(4,6-二叔丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚乙基双(6-叔丁基-4-异丁基苯酚),2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α-甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],2,2′-亚甲基双[6-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-4-壬基苯酚],4,4′-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基苯酚),4,4′-亚甲基双(6-叔丁基-2-甲基苯酚),1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,2,6-双(3-叔丁基-5-甲基-2-羟基苄基)-4-甲基苯酚,1,1,3-三(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)丁烷,1,1-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-3-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,乙二醇双-[3,3-双(3′-叔丁基-4′-羟苯基)丁酸酯],双(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基-苯基)二环戊二烯,双-[2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苄基)-6-叔丁基-4-甲基苯基]对苯二甲酸酯,1,1-双-(3,5-二甲基-2-羟苯基)丁烷,2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙烷,2,2-双(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)-4-正十二烷基巯基丁烷,1,1,5,5-四-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-2-甲基苯基)戊烷。
1.7.O-,N-和S-苄基化合物,例如3,5,3′,5′-四-叔丁基-4,4′-二羟基二苄基醚,十八烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苄基巯基乙酸酯,十三烷基-4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基巯基乙酸酯,三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)胺,双(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)二硫代对苯二甲酸酯,双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)硫醚,异辛基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基巯基乙酸酯.
1.8.羟基苄基化丙二酸酯,例如双十八烷基-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-2-羟基苄基)丙二酸酯,二(十八烷基)-2-(3-叔丁基-4-羟基-5-甲基苄基)丙二酸酯,二十二烷基巯基乙基-2,2-双-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)丙二酸酯,双-[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]-2,2-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)丙二酸酯。
1.9.芳族羟基苄基化合物,例如1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,4,6-三甲基苯,1,4-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)-2,3,5,6-四甲基苯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)苯酚。
1.10.三嗪化合物,例如2,4-双(辛基巯基)-6-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯胺基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-辛基巯基-4,6-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯氧基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯氧基)-1,2,3-三嗪,1,3,5-三-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基)异氰尿酸酯,1,3,5-三(4-叔丁基-3-羟基-2,6-二甲基苄基)异氰尿酸酯,2,4,6-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙基)-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)-六氢-1,3,5-三嗪,1,3,5-三(3,5二环己基-4-羟苄基)异氰尿酸酯.
1.11.酰基氨基苯酚,例如4-羟月桂酰苯胺,4-羟硬脂酰苯胺,正(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)氨基甲酸辛基酯。
1.12.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与单或多羟基醇的酯,该单或多羟基醇例如,甲醇,乙醇,正辛醇,异辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己烷二醇,1,9-壬烷二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙烷二醇,新戊基二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三乙二醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫代十一烷醇,3-硫代十五烷醇,三甲基己烷二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷.
1.13.β-(5-叔丁基-4-羟基-3-甲基苯基)丙酸与单或多羟基醇的酯,该单或多羟基醇例如,甲醇,乙醇,正辛醇,异辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己烷二醇,1,9-壬烷二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙烷二醇,新戊基二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三乙二醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫代十一烷醇,3-硫代十五烷醇,三甲基己烷二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷.
1.14.β-(3,5二环己基-4-羟苯基)丙酸与单或多羟基醇的酯,该单或多羟基醇例如,甲醇,乙醇,正辛醇,异辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己烷二醇,1,9-壬烷二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙烷二醇,新戊基二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三乙二醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫代十一烷醇,3-硫代十五烷醇,三甲基己烷二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.15.3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基乙酸与单或多羟基醇的酯,该单或多羟基醇例如,甲醇,乙醇,正辛醇,异辛醇,十八烷醇,1,6-己烷二醇,1,9-壬烷二醇,乙二醇,1,2-丙烷二醇,新戊基二醇,硫代二甘醇,二甘醇,三乙二醇,季戊四醇,三(羟乙基)异氰尿酸酯,N,N′-双(羟乙基)草酰胺,3-硫代十一烷醇,3-硫代十五烷醇,三甲基己烷二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,4-羟甲基-1-磷杂-2,6,7-三氧杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷。
1.16.β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基)丙酸的酰胺例如,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)六亚甲基二酰胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)三亚甲基二酰胺,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)酰肼,N,N′-双-[2-(3-[3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基]丙酰氧基)乙基]草酰胺(XL-1,由Uniroyal出品)。
1.17.抗坏血酸(维生素C)
1.18.胺类(Aminic)抗氧化剂,例如N,N′-二异丙基-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-二仲丁基-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(1,4-二甲基戊基)-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(1-乙基-3-甲基戊基)-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(1-甲基庚基)-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′二环己基-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-二苯基-对亚苯基二胺,N,N′-双(2-萘基)-对亚苯基二胺,N-异丙基-N′-苯基-对亚苯基二胺,N-(1,3-二甲基丁基)-N′-苯基-对亚苯基二胺,N-(1-甲基庚基)-N′-良基-对亚苯基二胺,N-环己基-N′-苯基-对亚苯基二胺,4-(对甲苯氨磺酰)二苯基胺,N,N′-二甲基-N,N′-二仲丁基-对亚苯基二胺,二苯基胺,N-烯丙基二苯基胺,4-异丙氧基二苯基胺,N-苯基-1-萘基胺,N-(4-叔辛基苯基)-1-萘基胺,N-苯基-2-萘基胺,辛基化二苯基胺,例如对,对′-二叔辛基二苯基胺,4-N-丁基氨基苯酚,4-丁酰氨基苯酚,4-壬酰氨基苯酚,4-十二烷酰氨基苯酚,4-十八烷酰氨基苯酚,双(4-甲氧基苯基)胺,2,6-二叔丁基-4-二甲基氨基甲基苯酚,2,4′二氨基二苯甲烷,4,4′二氨基二苯甲烷,N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-4,4′二氨基二苯甲烷,1,2-双-[(2-甲基苯基)氨基]乙烷,1,2-双(苯基氨基)丙烷,(邻甲苯基)双胍,双-[4-(1′,3′-二甲基丁基)苯基]胺,叔辛基化N-苯基-1-萘基胺,单-和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化壬基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化十二烷基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化异丙基/异己基二苯基胺的混合物,单-和二烷基化叔丁基二苯基胺的混合物,2,3二氢-3,3-二甲基-4H-1,4-苯并噻嗪,吩噻嗪,单-和二烷基化叔丁基/叔辛基吩噻嗪的混合物,单-和二烷基化叔辛基-吩噻嗪的混合物,N-烯丙基吩噻嗪,N,N,N′,N′-四苯基-1,4二氨基丁-2-烯,N,N-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-哌啶-4-基-六亚甲基二胺,双(2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-基)癸二酸酯,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-酮,2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-4-醇。
2.紫外吸收剂和光稳定剂
2.1.2-(2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,例如2-(2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(5′-叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-仲丁基-5′-叔丁基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(2′-羟基-4′-辛氧基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-二叔戊基-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′,5′-双-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛基氧羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己基氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)-5-氯-苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-辛基氧羰基乙基)苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-5′-[2-(2-乙基己基氧基)羰基乙基]-2′-羟苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-十二烷基-2′-羟基-5′-甲基苯基)苯并三唑,2-(3′-叔丁基-2′-羟基-5′-(2-异辛基氧羰基乙基)苯基苯并三唑,2,2′-亚甲基双[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-6-苯并三唑-2-基苯酚];2-[3′-叔丁基-5′-(2-甲氧基羰基乙基)-2′-羟苯基]-2H-苯并三唑与聚乙二醇300的酯交换产物;其中R=3′-叔丁基-4′-羟基-5′-2H-苯并三唑-2-基苯基,2-[2′-羟基-3′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)-5′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯基]苯并三唑;2-[2′-羟基-3′-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)-5′-(α,α-二甲基苄基)苯基]苯并三唑。
2.2.2-羟基二苯酮,例如4-羟,4-甲氧基,4-辛基氧基,4-癸基氧基,4-十二烷基氧基,4-苄基氧基,4,2′,4′-三羟基和2′-羟基-4,4′二甲氧基衍生物。
2.3.取代的和未取代的苯甲酸的酯,例如水杨酸4-叔丁基-苯基酯,水杨酸苯基酯,水杨酸辛基苯基酯,二苯甲酰间苯二酚,双(4-叔丁基苯甲酰)间苯二酚,苯甲酰间苯二酚,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯甲酸2,4-二叔丁基苯基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯甲酸十六烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯甲酸十八烷基酯,3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯甲酸2-甲基-4,6-二叔丁基苯基酯。
2.4.丙烯酸酯,例如α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸乙基酯,α-氰基-β,β-二苯基丙烯酸异辛基酯,α-羰基甲氧基肉桂酸甲基酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲基酯,α-氰基-β-甲基-对甲氧基肉桂酸丁基酯,α-羰基甲氧基-对甲氧基肉桂酸甲基酯和正(β-羰基甲氧基-β-氰基乙烯基)-2-甲基二氢吲哚。
2.5.镍化合物,例如2,2′-硫代-双-[4-(1,1,3,3-四甲基丁基)苯酚]的镍络合物,例如,1∶1或1∶2络合物,有或没有附加配体,例如,正丁基胺,三乙醇胺或正环己基二乙醇胺,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸镍,单烷基酯的镍盐,例如,甲基或乙基酯的镍盐,4-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基膦酸的镍盐,酮肟的镍络合物,例如,2-羟基-4-甲基苯基十一烷基酮肟的镍络合物,1-苯基-4-月桂酰-5-羟基吡唑的镍络合物,有或没有附加配体。
2.6.空间位阻胺,例如双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)琥珀酸酯,双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)癸二酸酯,双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)正丁基-3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苄基丙二酸酯,1-(2-羟乙基)-2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-羟哌啶和琥珀酸的缩合物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-叔辛基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物,三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)次氮基三乙酸酯,四(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-1,2,3,4-丁烷四甲酸酯,1,1′-(1,2-乙烷二基)-双(3,3,5,5-四甲基哌嗪酮),4-苯甲酰-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,4-十八烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶,双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-2-正丁基-2-(2-羟基-3,5-二叔丁基苄基)丙二酸酯,3-正辛基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4二酮,双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)癸二酸酯,双(1-辛基氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)琥珀酸酯,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-吗啉代-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的线型或环状缩合物,2-氯-4,6-双(4-正丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的线型或环状缩合物,2-氯-4,6-二(4-正丁基氨基-1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶基)-1,3,5-三嗪和1,2-双-(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷的缩合物,8-乙酰-3-十二烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1,3,8-三氮杂螺[4.5]癸烷-2,4二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,3-十二烷基-1-(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,4-十六烷基氧基-和4-十八烷氧基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶的混合物,N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺和4-环己基氨基-2,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物,1,2-双(3-氨基丙基氨基)乙烷和2,4,6-三氯-1,3,5-三嗪的缩合产物以及4-丁基氨基-2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶(CAS管理号.[136504-96-6]);正(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺,正(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)-正十二烷基琥珀酰亚胺,2-十一烷基-7,7,9,9-四甲基-1-氧杂-3,8二氮杂-4-氧代-螺[4,5]癸烷,7,7,9,9-四甲基-2-环十一烷基-1-氧杂-3,8二氮杂-4-氧代螺[4,5]癸烷和表氯醇的反应产物,1,1-双(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基氧羰基)-2-(4-甲氧基苯基)乙烯,N,N′-双-甲酰-N,N′-双(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)六亚甲基二胺,4-甲氧基-亚甲基丙二酸与1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-羟哌啶的二酯,聚[甲基丙基-3-氧基-4-(2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-哌啶基)]硅氧烷,马来酐-α-烯烃共聚物与2,2,6,6-四甲基-4-氨基哌啶或1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-氨基哌啶的反应产物.
2.7.草酰胺,例如4,4′-二辛基氧基草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二乙氧基草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二辛基氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺,2,2′-二十二烷基氧基-5,5′-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺,2-乙氧基-2′-乙基草酰二苯胺,N,N′-双(3-二甲基氨基丙基)草酰胺,2-乙氧基-5-叔丁基-2′-乙基草酰二苯胺及其与2-乙氧基-2′-乙基-5,4′-二叔丁基草酰二苯胺的混合物,邻-和对甲氧基二取代的草酰二苯胺的混合物和邻-和对乙氧基二取代的草酰二苯胺的混合物.
2.8.2-(2-羟苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,例如2,4,6-三(2-羟基-4-辛基氧基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2,4-二羟基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4-双(2-羟基-4-丙基氧基苯基)-6-(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-辛基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(4-甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-十二烷基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-三癸基氧基苯基)-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-丁基氧基-丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-辛基氧基-丙基氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[4-(十二烷基氧基/十三烷基氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)-2-羟基-苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-[2-羟基-4-(2-羟基-3-十二烷基氧基丙氧基)苯基]-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-己基氧基)苯基-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)-4,6-二苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2,4,6-三[2-羟基-4-(3-丁氧基-2-羟基丙氧基)苯基]-1,3,5-三嗪,2-(2-羟苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)-6-苯基-1,3,5-三嗪,2-{2-羟基-4-[3-(2-乙基己基-1-氧基)-2-羟丙基氧基]苯基}-4,6-双(2,4-二甲基苯基)-1,3,5-三嗪.
3.金属钝化剂,例如N,N′-二苯基草酰胺,N-水杨醛-N′-水杨酰肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰)肼,N,N′-双(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟苯基丙酰)肼,3-水杨酰氨基-1,2,4-三唑,双(亚苄基)草酰二酰肼,草酰二苯胺,间苯二甲酰二酰肼,癸二酰二苯基酰肼,N,N′二乙酰己二酰二酰肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰)草酰二酰肼,N,N′-双(水杨酰)硫代丙酰二酰肼.
4.羟基胺,例如,N,N-二苄基羟基胺,N,N-二乙基羟基胺,N,N-二辛基羟基胺,N,N-二月桂基羟基胺,N,N-二十四烷基羟基胺,N,N-二十六烷基羟基胺,N,N-二(十八烷基)羟基胺,N-十六烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,N-十七烷基-N-十八烷基羟基胺,由氢化牛脂胺衍生的N,N-二烷基羟基胺。
5.硝酮,例如,N-苄基-α-苯基硝酮,N-乙基-α-甲基硝酮,N-辛基-α-庚基硝酮,N-月桂基-α-十一烷基硝酮,N-四癸基-α-十三烷基硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十六烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十五烷基硝酮,N-十七烷基-α-十七烷基硝酮,N-十八烷基-α-十六烷基硝酮,硝酮,由N,N-二烷基羟基胺衍生,后者又由氢化牛脂胺衍生.
6.含硫协合剂,例如硫代二丙酸二月桂基酯或硫代二丙酸二(十八烷基)酯。
7.过氧化物清除剂,例如β-硫代二丙酸的酯,例如月桂基,十八烷基,肉豆蔻基或十三烷基的酯,巯基苯并咪唑或2-巯基苯并咪唑的锌盐,二丁基二硫代氨基甲酸锌,二(十八烷基)的二硫化物,四(β-十二烷基巯基)丙酸季戊四醇酯。
8.聚酰胺稳定剂,例如,铜盐与碘化物和/或磷化合物和二价锰盐的组合。
9.碱性助稳定剂,例如,三聚氰胺,聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮,二氰胺,氰尿酸三烯丙基酯,脲衍生物,肼衍生物,胺,聚酰胺,聚氨酯,高级脂肪酸的碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如硬脂酸钙,硬脂酸锌,二十二烷酸镁,硬脂酸镁,蓖麻醇酸钠和棕榈酸钾,焦儿茶酚锑或焦儿茶酚锌.
10.成核剂,例如,无机物,例如,滑石粉,金属氧化物如二氧化钛或氧化镁,磷酸盐,碳酸盐或硫酸盐,优选碱土金属;或有机化合物,例如,单-或多羧酸及其盐,例如,4-叔丁基苯甲酸,己二酸,二苯基乙酸,琥珀酸钠或苯甲酸钠;聚合化合物,例如,离子共聚物(离聚物)。
11.填料和增强剂,例如碳酸钙,硅酸盐,玻璃纤维,玻璃泡,石棉,滑石粉,高岭土,云母,硫酸钡,金属氧化物和氢氧化物,炭黑,石墨,木粉和其它天然产物的粉末或纤维,合成纤维。
12.其它添加剂,例如,增塑剂,润滑剂,乳化剂,颜料,流变学添加剂,催化剂,流动控制剂,荧光增白剂,耐焰剂,抗静电剂和发泡剂。
酚类抗氧化剂和紫外吸收剂是优选的。
下面的实施例展示本发明.
分析程序:
特性粘度(I.V.):
按照DIN 53728-3,版本1985-01:1g聚合物被溶解在100g苯酚/二氯苯(1/1)的混合物中。该溶液的粘度在30℃下在乌氏粘度计中测定并计算特性粘度。
颜色:
颜色(黄色指数的b,L值)按照ASTM D1925进行测定。采用以下仪器:Hunter Lab Scan。
材料:
对苯二甲酸
间苯二甲酸
乙二醇
三氧化锑作为催化剂
PET合成:
一般聚合程序
1,621.3g乙二醇,3,338.5g对苯二甲酸,66.8g间苯二甲酸和1.3575g三氧化锑在金属容器内进行混合.混合物被转移到101反应器(不锈钢)中,反应器备有搅拌器,回流装置和底部的挤出口型.反应器可用氮气加压至最高6bar或者操作在低至1mbar的真空下.单体混合物在30min内从室温加热至250℃。加热阶段,压力升高到最高4bar。蒸馏出水/乙二醇3.5h。随后,温度升高到280℃。在以后的5h内,压力连续降低以进一步蒸馏出水和乙二醇。聚酯产物经过底部口型挤出,在水浴中冷却至室温并切粒成为透明PET品级。
就典型而言,按此程序合成出具有以下性质的PET:
I.V.:0.75dl/g;
颜色:b=4,L=75
对比例A和B:
重复以上一般程序,唯一的区别在于,加入下表所列化合物。
对比例 | 添加剂 |
A | 500ppm Irgamod 195 |
B | 100ppm Uvitex OB-One |
获得的PET显示好于不含Irgamod 195或Uvitex OB-One的PET的颜色。
发明实施例1
重复以上一般程序,唯一的区别在于,加入下表所列化合物。
实施例 | 添加剂 |
1 | 400ppm Irgamod 195+80ppm Uvitex OB-One |
获得的PET,显示比由对比例A和B生产的PET显著浅的颜色.
制备的PET接受SSP(固态缩聚)处理(10h,220℃在真空转鼓干燥器中)并注塑成试样板。.颜色(色差公式的b*值)根据ASTMD1925采用Hunter Lab Scan分光计进行测定。
添加剂 | YI | L* | B* | |
对比例 | 不加 | 5.7 | 75 | 4.0 |
对比例A | 500ppm IRGAMOD 195 | 3.9 | 79 | 2.9 |
对比例B | 100ppm UVITEX-OB-One | 2.6 | 83 | 3.5 |
实施例1 | 400ppm IRGAMOD 19580ppm UVITEX-OB-One | 0.72 | 86 | 0.5 |
实例1显示在L*-值和b*-值两方面最佳颜色值。
Claims (15)
1.一种在单体或低聚物的缩合反应中制备缩聚物的方法,或借助缩聚物的熔融加工或固态缩聚对缩聚物改性的方法,包括在缩聚反应期间加入:
a1)通式(I)的化合物
(I)其中
R103是H,C1-C20烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基或萘基,
R104是氢,C1-C20烷基,未取代的或C1-C4烷基-取代的苯基或萘基;或
Mr+/r,
Mr+是r-价金属阳离子或铵离子,
n是0,1,2,3,4,5或6,并且
r是1,2,3或4;
Q是氢,-X-C(O)-OR107,或基团
R101是异丙基,叔丁基,环己基,或取代上1-3个C1-C4烷基基团的环己基,
R102是氢,C1-C4烷基,环己基,或取代上1-3个C1-C4烷基基团的环己基,
R105是H,C1-C18烷基,OH,卤素或C3-C7环烷基;
R106是H,甲基,三甲基甲硅烷基,苄基,苯基,磺酰基或C1-C18烷基;
R107是H,C1-C10烷基或C3-C7环烷基;以及
X是亚苯基,C1-C4烷基基团-取代的亚苯基或亚环己基;或
a2)通式(II)的化合物,
其中
R201是氢,C1-C20烷基,苯基或C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;联苯基,萘基,-CH2-O-C1-C20烷基或-CH2-S-C1-C20烷基,
R202是C1-C20烷基,苯基或C1-C4烷基取代的苯基;联苯基,萘基,-CH2-O-C1-C20烷基或-CH2-S-C1-C20烷基;或
a3)通式(I)和通式(II)的化合物;
以及,
b)荧光增白剂,选自通式1~8的化合物或其混合物,
在该式中,
R1是下列通式的基团:
R3是未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;
R4是M,或未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;
R5是氢;未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;或-NR7R8,其中R7和R8彼此独立地是氢或未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团,或R7和R8连同连接它们的氮原子构成一个杂环基团;
R6是氢或未取代的或取代的烷基或芳基基团;
R1和R2彼此独立地是-OH,-Cl,-NH2,-O-C1-C4烷基,-O-芳基,-NH-C1-C4烷基,-N(C1-C4烷基)2,-N(C1-C4烷基)(C1-C4羟烷基),-N(C1-C4羟烷基)2,-NH-芳基,吗啉代或-S-C1-C4烷基(芳基);
R9和R10彼此独立地是氢,C1-C4烷基,苯基或下列通式的基团
R11是氢,-Cl或SO3M;
R12是-CN,-SO3M,-S(C1-C4烷基)2或-S(芳基)2;
R13是氢,-SO3M,-O-C1-C4烷基,-CN,-Cl,-COO-C1-C4烷基或-CON(C1-C4烷基)2;
R14是氢,-C1-C4烷基,-Cl或-SO3M;
R15和R16彼此独立地是氢,C1-C4烷基,-SO3M,-Cl或-O-C1-C4烷基;
R17是氢或C1-C4烷基;
R18是氢,C1-C4烷基,-CN,-Cl,-COO-C1-C4烷基,-CON(C1-C4烷基)2,芳基或-O-芳基;
M是氢,钠,钾,钙,镁,铵,单-,二-,三-或四-C1-C4烷基铵,单-,二-或三-C1-C4羟烷基铵,或被C1-C4烷基和C1-C4羟烷基基团的混合物二-或三-取代的铵;并且
n1,n2和n3彼此独立地是0或1。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中R7和R8连同连接它们的氮原子构成吗啉代或哌啶子基基团。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中缩聚物是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯,聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯,聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯,共聚酯,PA6,PA6.6,含通过碳酸酯基团连接的双酚A,双酚Z或双酚F的聚碳酸酯。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中缩聚物表现出大于80的L值和小于2的b值,按照ASTMD1925用分光计测定。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中一种通式(I)的化合物作为组分a1)加入。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中通式(I)的化合物具有通式P1或P2
8.权利要求1的方法,其中通式(I)或(H)的化合物被以0.01~5重量%的数量加入,以缩聚物的重量为基准计。
9.权利要求1的方法,其中通式1~8的化合物被以0.001~0.5重量%的数量加入,以缩聚物的重量为基准计。
10.权利要求1的方法,其中通式(I)和(II)与通式1~8的化合物的重量比为50∶1~1∶1。
11.权利要求1的方法,其中另外加入多酐,它具有2~8个酐官能团。
12.权利要求1的方法,其中还加入一种多官能化合物,选自:多官能羟基化合物,多官能环氧化合物,多官能胺化合物,多官能氮丙啶化合物,多官能异氰酸酯化合物,多官能噁唑啉化合物,多官能硫醇或这些化合物的组合。
13.在权利要求1的方法中获得的缩聚物。
14.一种组合物,它包含缩聚物以及,
a1)如权利要求1的通式(I)的化合物;或
a2)如权利要求1的通式(II)的化合物;或
a3)如权利要求1的通式(I)和(II)的化合物和
b)如权利要求1的通式1-8的化合物。
15.包含以下组分的混合物用于改进缩聚反应期间缩聚物的颜色和亮度的应用:
a1)如权利要求1的通式(I)的化合物;或
a2)如权利要求1的通式(II)的化合物;或
a3)如权利要求1的通式(I)和(II)的化合物和
b)荧光增白剂,选自如权利要求1的通式1-8的化合物或其混合物。
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EP03103568 | 2003-09-26 | ||
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PCT/EP2004/052218 WO2005030857A1 (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2004-09-17 | Process for improving color of polycondensates |
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CN1856536B true CN1856536B (zh) | 2010-06-16 |
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EP (1) | EP1664181B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2007506829A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1856536B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE348859T1 (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2539607A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE602004003836T2 (zh) |
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DE102004046771A1 (de) * | 2004-09-24 | 2006-04-06 | Zimmer Ag | Mischung, Polyesterzusammensetzung, Folie sowie Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
CN101218289A (zh) * | 2005-07-07 | 2008-07-09 | 西巴特殊化学品控股有限公司 | 在膦酸酯存在下制备聚酰胺的方法 |
CA2637834A1 (en) * | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-23 | Ciba Holding Inc. | Aromatic sulphonate flame retardant compositions |
WO2018227073A1 (en) | 2017-06-09 | 2018-12-13 | Attends Healthcare Products, Inc. | Light incontinence pad |
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US4304569A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1981-12-08 | Cassella Ag. | Formulation for brightening synthetic fibers and its preparation and use |
EP1016692A1 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2000-07-05 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyester resin composition |
EP1054031A2 (de) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-22 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Molekulargewichtsaufbau und Modifizierung von Polykondensaten |
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FR1588744A (zh) * | 1967-10-31 | 1970-04-17 | ||
US4049621A (en) * | 1975-08-08 | 1977-09-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Textile fiber |
JPS60134232A (ja) * | 1983-12-22 | 1985-07-17 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ハロゲン化銀写真印画紙 |
TW209224B (zh) * | 1991-05-27 | 1993-07-11 | Yoshitomi Pharmaceutical | |
GB9321184D0 (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1993-12-01 | Ici Plc | Polymeric film |
US6207737B1 (en) * | 1994-03-14 | 2001-03-27 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Glass fiber sizing, sized glass fibers and polyolefin reinforced articles |
DE69906181D1 (de) * | 1998-05-13 | 2003-04-30 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von sulfonierten Distyrylbiphenylverbindungen |
TWI235754B (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2005-07-11 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Composition and process for preparing a high molecular weight polyester |
US6380285B1 (en) * | 2000-02-01 | 2002-04-30 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | Bloom-resistant benzotriazole UV absorbers and compositions stabilized therewith |
JP2002003710A (ja) * | 2000-06-19 | 2002-01-09 | Idemitsu Petrochem Co Ltd | ポリカーボネート樹脂組成物 |
JP2003040993A (ja) * | 2001-07-25 | 2003-02-13 | Toyobo Co Ltd | ポリエステルならびにポリエステルの製造方法 |
JP5109219B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-28 | 2012-12-26 | 東レ株式会社 | ポリエステル組成物およびそれからなるフィルム |
JP2003237825A (ja) * | 2002-02-12 | 2003-08-27 | Nakagawa Kaseihin Kk | 食品の容器・包装材料用透明樹脂組成物 |
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- 2004-09-17 WO PCT/EP2004/052218 patent/WO2005030857A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2004-09-17 JP JP2006527407A patent/JP2007506829A/ja active Pending
- 2004-09-17 CA CA002539607A patent/CA2539607A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-17 ES ES04787159T patent/ES2277295T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-17 DE DE602004003836T patent/DE602004003836T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2004-09-17 CN CN2004800278350A patent/CN1856536B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4304569A (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1981-12-08 | Cassella Ag. | Formulation for brightening synthetic fibers and its preparation and use |
EP1016692A1 (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 2000-07-05 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyester resin composition |
EP1054031A2 (de) * | 1999-05-21 | 2000-11-22 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Molekulargewichtsaufbau und Modifizierung von Polykondensaten |
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US20090163621A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
WO2005030857A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
DE602004003836T2 (de) | 2007-08-09 |
ATE348859T1 (de) | 2007-01-15 |
EP1664181A1 (en) | 2006-06-07 |
DE602004003836D1 (de) | 2007-02-01 |
US20070027252A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
CN1856536A (zh) | 2006-11-01 |
CA2539607A1 (en) | 2005-04-07 |
TW200512233A (en) | 2005-04-01 |
ES2277295T3 (es) | 2007-07-01 |
JP2007506829A (ja) | 2007-03-22 |
EP1664181B1 (en) | 2006-12-20 |
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