CN101040042A - 自脐带羊膜分离干/祖细胞 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于自脐带羊膜分离干/祖细胞的方法,其中该方法包括在体外将羊膜与脐带的其它成分分开,将羊膜组织在允许细胞增殖的条件下培养并且将干/祖细胞自组织培养物中分离。分离的干细胞具有胚胎干细胞样特性并且可用于多种治疗目的。在一个实施方案中,本发明涉及在允许细胞发生有丝分裂扩充的条件下分离和培养干细胞,如上皮干/祖细胞和/或间充质干/祖细胞。此外,本发明涉及用于将分离的干/祖细胞分化为上皮和/或间充质细胞的方法。
Description
本发明涉及用于自脐带羊膜分离干/祖细胞的方法,其中该方法包括在体外(in vitro)将羊膜与脐带的其它成分分开,在允许细胞增殖的条件下培养羊膜组织并且自组织培养物中分离干/祖细胞。特别地,本发明涉及在允许细胞发生有丝分裂扩充的条件下分离和培养具有胚胎特性的干细胞如上皮干/祖细胞和/或间充质干/祖细胞。此外,本发明涉及用于使分离的干/祖细胞分化成上皮细胞和/或间充质细胞的方法以及这些干/祖细胞的治疗性用途。
发明背景
干细胞是具有无限自我更新和分化为多种细胞类型或组织类型的能力的细胞群体。胚胎干细胞(受精后从大约3至5天)无限增殖并且可以天然地分化为全部组织类型:因此称它们为全能干细胞(见综述例如Smith,A.G.(2001)Annu.Rev.Cell.Dev.Biol.17,435-462)。然而,成体干细胞具有更多组织特异性并且可能具有较差的繁殖能力:因此称它们为多能干细胞(见综述例如Paul,G.等(2002)Drug Discov.Today 7,295-302)。胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞的“可塑性”依赖于它们转分化为与其起源不同且可能跨越胚层的组织的能力。
干细胞的自我更新能力对它们作为原始未分化细胞贮存库的功能是重要的。相反,大部分体细胞因端粒缩短而自我更新能力有限(见综述例如Dice,J.F.(1993)Physiol.Rev.73,149-159)。基于干细胞的疗法因此具有用于治疗人和动物多种疾病的潜力。
干细胞以及干/祖细胞可衍生自不同来源。胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞的“多谱系”潜能已经得到广泛表征。尽管胚胎干细胞的潜能巨大,但是它们的用途引起许多伦理问题。因此建议将衍生自骨髓基质、脂肪组织、真皮和脐带血的非胚胎干细胞作为替代来源。这些细胞尤其可以在体外分化为软骨细胞、脂肪细胞、成骨细胞、成肌细胞、心肌细胞、星形胶质细胞和肌腱细胞并在体内(in vivo)发生分化,使这些通常称作间充质干细胞的干细胞成为用于中胚层缺损修复和疾病治疗的有前景的候选对象。
然而在临床使用中,收获此类间充质干细胞引起诸多问题。因为需要外科方法以便得到细胞,故细胞的收集对病人造成精神和身体负担(例如,骨髓的收集是用活组织检查针实施的需要局部甚至全身麻醉的侵入性技术)。此外,在许多情况下,提取的干细胞数目相当少。更严重的是,没有一种上皮细胞衍生或分化于这些细胞。这促进了搜寻干细胞的其它可能来源。
已经确定脐带血可作为造血干/祖细胞的丰富来源。然而,对间充质干/祖细胞的存在与否仍有争论。在一个方面,此类细胞不能自足月脐带血中分离或成功培养(Mareschi,K.等(2001)Haematologica 86,1099-1100)。与此同时,由Campagnoli,C.等(Blood(2001)98,2396-2402)以及Erices,A.等(Br.J.Haematol.(2000)109,235-242)得到的结果提示间充质干细胞存在于几种胎儿器官内并且在早产胎儿的血液中与造血前体同时循环。因此,国际专利申请WO 03/070922公开了自脐带血分离并培养扩增间充质干/祖细胞的方法和使此类细胞分化成为多种间充质组织的方法。据报道,分离效率为大约60%(Bieback,K.等(2004)Stem Cells 22,625-634)。在同一研究中,已经确定,从收集脐带血至分离细胞的时间段以及所用血液样品的体积均为实现此产率的重要参数。然而,这些干/祖细胞是否确实源自脐带组织仍存在争论。
近来,已经自脐带组织,即从脐带基质沃顿胶中成功分离间充质干/祖细胞(Mitchell,K.E.等(2003)Stem cells 21,50-60;美国专利5,919,702;美国专利申请2004/0136967)。已显示这些细胞具有分别分化为例如神经元表型和软骨组织的能力。此外,还已经自脐带中存在的三根血管(两根动脉、一根静脉)之一的脐带静脉内皮层和内皮下层分离了间充质干/祖细胞(Romanov,Y.A.等(2003)Stem cells 21,105-110;Covas,D.T.等(2003)Braz.J.Med.Biol.Res.36,1179-1183)。
然而,迄今所用的这些方法均未实现作为基于上皮细胞的治疗法(如皮肤除皱、肝脏修复、膀胱组织工程和其它工程化的表面组织)的来源的上皮干/祖细胞的分离或培养。因此仍需要用于分离和培养上皮干/祖细胞的方法和可靠来源。此外,仍需要伦理上可接受并且不对患者造成生物医学负担的用于分离上皮和间充质干/祖细胞的快速和有效的方法以便为再生医学和组织工程的多种应用提供足量此类细胞。
发明简述
本发明提供用于自脐带羊膜分离干/祖细胞的方法,该方法包括:
(a)在体外将羊膜与脐带的其它成分分开;
(b)将步骤(a)中得到的羊膜组织在允许细胞增殖的条件下培养;和
(c)分离干/祖细胞。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:
(a″)将细胞在培养前通过选自酶消化和直接的组织外植体技术自羊膜组织分离。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明提供用于分离具有胚胎干细胞样特性的干/祖细胞的方法。
在另一个优选的实施方案中,本发明提供用于分离上皮干/祖细胞和/或间充质干/祖细胞的方法。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:
(d)将干/祖细胞在允许细胞发生克隆扩充的条件下培养。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:
(e)将干/祖细胞在允许所述细胞分化为上皮细胞和/或间充质细胞的条件下培养;和
(f)分离已分化的细胞。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:
(g)保存已分离的干/祖细胞用于其它用途。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明包含培养本发明的干/祖细胞的方法,包括:
自脐带羊膜得到组织外植体;
将该组织外植体在合适培养基和培养条件下培养达到合适时间阶段。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明涉及干/祖细胞或其细胞提取物的治疗性用途。这些实施方案中的一个实施方案提供治疗患病受试者的方法,包括向该受试者施用有效量的通过如上所述本发明方法分离的干/祖细胞。另一个实施方案提供相应的药物组合物。
附图简述
当同时考虑非限制性实例和附图时,参考详细的描述将更好地理解本发明,在附图中:
图1描绘通过直接的组织外植体方法在组织培养第2天(图1A)和第5天(图1B、C)的来自脐带羊膜的上皮细胞生长晕(放大倍数40×)。细胞培养皿塑料表面在将羊膜放置于表面前以1型胶原/4型胶原混合物(1∶2;Becton Dickinson)包被。将羊膜标本浸泡在5ml EpiLife培养基或培养基171(两者均来自Cascade Biologies)内。培养基每2天或3天更换一次并且在光学显微镜下检查外植体产生的细胞生长晕。在如上所述的不同时间间隔显微摄像。观察到的多角细胞形态为典型上皮细胞。
图2描述酶消化脐带片段,在第2天(图A、C)和第5天(图B、D)产生了类似的上皮细胞(放大倍数40×)。将脐带羊膜分成0.5cm×0.5cm的小片并且在0.1%(w/v)1型胶原酶溶液(Roche Diagnostics)中37℃消化8小时。将样品每30分钟涡旋混合3分钟。细胞通过4000转/分离心3分钟收集。将细胞沉淀重悬于补加50μg/ml胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、50μg/ml血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)、5μg/ml转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和5μg/ml胰岛素(均自R&D Systems获得)的EpiLife培养基或培养基171(两者均来自Cascade Biologies)中,计数并在预先以1型胶原/4型胶原混合物(1∶2;Becton Dickinson)包被的10cm组织培养皿以1×106个细胞/皿密度接种。24小时后,附着的细胞以温暖的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤并且培养基换成EpiLife培养基或培养基171(两者均来自Cascade Biologies)。培养基每2天或3天更换一次,并且在光学显微镜下检查外植体产生的细胞生长晕。在如上所述的不同时间间隔显微摄像。细胞再次显示出典型的上皮细胞多角形态。
图3描述自脐带羊膜移出的生长出来的间充质细胞。使用补加10%胎牛血清(FCS)的DMEM作为培养基,在置于组织培养皿后早至48小时观察到细胞生长晕(放大倍数40×)(图3A、C)。将外植体浸没在5ml补加10%胎牛血清(Hyclone)的DMEM(Invitrogen)(DMEM/10%FBS)内。培养基每2天或3天更换一次并且在光学显微镜下检查外植体产生的细胞生长晕。在不同时间间隔显微摄像。细胞的特征在于它们具有纺锤形的形态并且在体外容易且迅速地迁移和扩增,与成纤维细胞非常接近(图3B、D)。
图4(放大倍数40×)描述通过胶原酶酶消化自脐带羊膜分离的间充质细胞。图4A显示第2天自脐带羊膜分离的间充质细胞。在第5天观察到细胞增殖(图4B)。将脐带羊膜分成0.5cm×0.5cm的小片并且在0.1%(w/v)1型胶原酶溶液(Roche Diagnostics)中37℃消化6小时。将样品每15分钟涡旋混合2分钟。通过4000转/分离心30分钟收集细胞。将细胞沉淀重悬于DMEM/10%FBS中,计数并在10cm组织培养皿以1×106个细胞/皿的密度接种。培养基每2天或3天更换一次,并且在光学显微镜下检查细胞生长晕。在不同时间间隔显微摄像。再一次,细胞显示出作为成纤维细胞的间充质细胞典型纺锤形形态。
图5(放大倍数40×)描述在无血清培养条件(DMEM)和血清培养条件(DMEM/10%FCS)下根据本发明方法分离的脐带羊膜间充质细胞(UCMC,图5E、F、G、H)、正常真皮成纤维细胞(NF109细胞,图5A、B)和脂肪来源的间充质细胞(ADMC,图5C、D)的形态。图5显示与血清丰富条件(DMEM/10%FCS)(其中细胞更圆,具有密实细胞浆(图5A、B、C、D))相比在血清饥饿条件(仅有DMEM)下培养的NF和ADMC的细胞形态改变,表现为较扁平的细胞和较低密度的细胞浆。在无血清和血清丰富培养基的相同条件下培养的两组UCMC中未观察到形态改变(图5E、F、G、H),表明后面这些间充质细胞在行为和生理学上的差异。
图6(放大倍数40×)描述了在无3T3饲养层时在DMEM/10%FCS中培养第3天和第7天的根据本发明分离的UCMC。所见细胞为正在生长的细胞,并且正在形成集落(垂直生长)而未表现放射状扩展。这再一次表明这些间充质细胞与进一步分化的其对应细胞相比在行为上的差异。
图7(放大倍数40×)描述了在3T3饲养层上培养第3和第7天的脐带上皮细胞(UCEC)的集落形成。这种外观与正常的皮肤衍生的上皮角质形成细胞干细胞的外观相似。在后者中,3T3饲养层维持细胞的干细胞性(stemness)。
图8(放大倍数40×)描述了在3T3饲养层上培养第3和第7天的根据本发明分离的脐带间充质细胞(UCMC)明显形成集落。3T3饲养层通常抑制已分化间充质细胞如人真皮成纤维细胞的生长。这再一次表明这些间充质细胞与进一步分化的其对应细胞相比在行为上的差异。
图9-1至图9-27显示蛋白质印迹分析,通过此分析将根据本发明分离的UCEC和UCMC中的数种胚胎干细胞标志的表达与人真皮成纤维细胞(NF)、骨髓间充质细胞(BMSC)和脂肪来源的间充质细胞(ADMC)中这些标志的表达相比较。图9还显示与骨髓、脂肪来源干细胞、人真皮成纤维细胞和表皮角质形成细胞相比通过ELISA分析法检测的脐带间充质干细胞和上皮干细胞培养物上清中高度分泌性激活蛋白A和促滤泡素抑制素。
图10显示脐带上皮干细胞中所表达上皮细胞标志如总的细胞角蛋白(CK)、CK17、CK6、CK10、CK19、CK18、CK16、CK15(图10-1);半桥粒成分-整合素α6、整合素β4;桥粒成分(图10-2);基底膜成分-层粘连蛋白1、层粘连蛋白5、IV型胶原、VII型胶原(图10-3)和其它重要胞外基质成分如整合素β1和纤连蛋白(图10-4)的间接免疫荧光分析。
图11显示与人骨髓间充质干细胞相比由脐带间充质干细胞(UCMC)分泌的细胞因子和生长因子的细胞因子阵列分析。
图12显示与人表皮角质形成细胞相比由脐带上皮干细胞(UCEC)分泌的细胞因子和生长因子的细胞因子阵列分析。
图13显示在补加10%胎牛血清(FCS)的DMEM(图13-1)、在无血清培养基PTT-1(图13-2)、在无血清培养基PTT-2(图13-3、图13-4)和在无血清培养基PTT-3(图13-5)中培养的UCMC细胞。图13还显示在无血清培养基PTT-3中脂肪来源基质细胞(图13-6)和骨髓来源基质细胞(图13-7)的生长。
图14显示了通过DNA微阵列分析的脐带上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞的全面基因表达。UCEC表达总共28055个基因并且UCMC表达总共34407个基因。在两种细胞类型中存在27308个重叠基因表达。表达的747个基因对UCEC是独特的,并且表达的7099个基因对UCMC是独特的。在本图中列出所选择的目的基因。两种类型的干细胞均表达140个与胚胎干细胞和胚胎发育有关的基因。
图15显示使用脐带内衬膜组织的重复外植体扩充脐带上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞的示意图。
图16描述脐带的横截面,显示脐带羊膜内衬膜(LM)、包含的沃顿胶(WJ)以及沃顿胶内支撑的两根脐动脉(UA)和一根脐静脉(UV)。
发明详述
本发明基于令人惊讶的发现,即脐带羊膜代表了一种可以在体外条件下从其中成功分离和扩充干/祖细胞如间充质干/祖细胞和上皮干/祖细胞的来源。更为惊讶地发现这些细胞表现胚胎干细胞样特征。最近,羊膜(也称作羊水内衬膜),即包裹胎盘并使哺乳动物胚胎发育的最内层膜囊已经作为天然底物在眼表面重构中使用并作为用于扩增角膜缘上皮干细胞的生物底物使用(参考例如Anderson,D.F.等(2001)Br.J.Ophthalmol.85,567-575;Grüterich,M.等(2003)Surv.Ophthalmol.48,631-646)。然而,迄今既没有描述用于自羊膜分离干/祖细胞的方法(至少对于人类而言如此),也没有将覆盖脐带的羊膜作为干细胞来源的报道。
本发明提供用于自脐带羊膜分离干/祖细胞的方法,该方法包括:
(a)在体外将羊膜与脐带的其它成分分开;
(b)将步骤(a)中得到的羊膜组织在允许细胞增殖的条件下培养;和
(c)分离干/祖细胞。
如本文中所用的术语“干/祖细胞”指具有无限自我更新能力并分化为多种细胞类型或组织类型如内皮细胞、上皮细胞、成纤维细胞、肌细胞或神经元的能力的脐带来源的任意细胞。此外,细胞可以是任意哺乳动物种属来源,如小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、兔、狗、山羊、猫、绵羊、猴或人,在一个实施方案中优选人源细胞。
术语“胚胎干细胞样特性”指的是脐带来源的细胞几乎或完全与胚胎干细胞一样能够天然地分化为全部组织类型的能力,即它们是全能干细胞。
如本文中所用的术语“羊膜”指的是包裹发育中的哺乳动物胚胎的最内层膜囊。在妊娠期间,胎儿由称作羊水的液体包围并缓冲。这种液体连同胚胎和胎盘被包裹在称作羊膜的囊中,该囊还覆盖脐带。由于如下原因羊水至关重要。羊水缓冲并保护胚胎,允许胚胎自由移动。羊水还允许脐带漂浮,防止其受到挤压并防止切断来源于胎盘血管内循环血液的氧气和营养素对胚胎的供应。羊膜包含维持稳态环境的羊水,保护胚胎环境不受外部环境影响。这种屏障还保护胚胎不受可能沿阴道上行并可能引起感染的生物(如细菌或病毒)的影响。
用于组织培养的培养基和试剂在本领域内众所周知(参考例如,Pollard,J.W.和Walker,J.M.(1997)Basic Cell Culture Protocols,第二版,Humana Press,Totowa,NJ;Freshney,R.I.(2000)Culture of Animal Cells,第四版,Wiley-Liss,Hoboken,NJ)。用于培育/转运脐带组织样品的合适培养基实例包括但不限于Dulbecco′s改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)、RPMI培养基、Hanks′平衡盐溶液(HBSS)、磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)和L-15培养基,在一些实施方案中优选后者。用于培养本发明的干/祖细胞的适宜培养基实例包括但不限于Dulbecco′s改良Eagle培养基(DMEM)、DMEM-F12、RPMI培养基、EpiLlfe培养基和培养基171,在一些实施方案中优选后者。培养基可以补加胎牛血清(FCS)或胎牛血清(FBS)以及抗生素、生长因子、氨基酸、抑制物等,这些完全为技术人员的常识范围内。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:(a″)将这些干/祖细胞在培养前通过选自酶消化和/或直接的组织外植体法技术自羊膜组织分离。如本文中所用的术语“酶消化技术”意指加入酶以便将细胞从主要组织块(这里指脐带羊膜)释放出。随后收集分离的细胞。如本文中所用的术语“直接的组织外植体技术”意指首先将组织置于无酶培养基内。随后,在精心条件下细胞从主要组织块自行分离,随后将收获细胞用于收集。
通过酶处理或直接的组织外植体法用于分离特定组织或器官的细胞的方法在本领域内众所周知(参考例如Pollard,J.W.和Walker,J.M.(1997)Basic Cell Culture Protocols,第二版,Humana Press,Totowa,NJ;Freshney,R.I.(2000)Culture of Animal Cells,第四版,Wiley-Liss,Hoboken,NJ)。可以将催化组织解离的任意酶用于实施本发明的方法。在优选的实施方案中,为此目的使用胶原酶。使用作为粗制品或纯化形式的酶。酶可以自任意原核生物或真核生物(最优选溶组织梭菌(Clostridiumhistolyticum))纯化或通过基因技术重组产生。可以应用任意类型胶原酶,即1型、2型、3型、4型或其任意组合。在一些实施方案中,优选使用1型胶原酶。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于分离具有胚胎干细胞样特性的干/祖细胞的方法。这些细胞在形态上可以最后分化为(但不限于)上皮细胞或间充质细胞。
因此,在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供用于分离上皮干/祖细胞和/或间充质干/祖细胞的方法,其中与如上公开一致,这些细胞可以具有胚胎干细胞样特性。
上皮干/祖细胞包括显示上皮细胞样形态(即多角形状)的任意细胞,其可以分化为任意类型上皮细胞例如(但不限于)皮肤上皮细胞、毛囊细胞、角膜上皮细胞、结膜上皮细胞、视网膜上皮细胞、肝上皮细胞、肾上皮细胞、胰腺上皮细胞、食管上皮细胞、小肠上皮细胞、大肠上皮细胞、肺和呼吸道上皮细胞、膀胱上皮细胞或子宫上皮细胞。
间充质干/祖细胞包括显示间充质细胞样形态(即纺锤样形状)的任意细胞,其可以分化为任意类型的间充质细胞例如(但不限于)皮肤成纤维细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞、肌腱细胞、韧带成纤维细胞、心肌细胞、平滑肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、脂肪细胞、衍生自内分泌腺的细胞以及神经外胚层细胞的全部变体和衍生细胞。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:
(d)将干/祖细胞在允许细胞发生克隆扩充的条件下培养。
术语“克隆扩充”(有时也称作“有丝分裂性克隆扩充”)涉及细胞分化程序中早期发生的过程,通过该过程使干/祖细胞变成特定谱系并且随后发生终末分化。本领域众所周知诱导祖细胞克隆扩充的条件在不同细胞类型间变化明显。不限于特定的方法,诱导克隆扩充通常通过在已经优化用于细胞增殖的培养基中培育干/祖细胞而实现。此类培养基可从众多供应商处得到。此类培养基的非限制性实例是KGM-角质形成细胞培养基(Cambrex),MEGM-乳房上皮细胞培养基(Cambrex)、EpiLife培养基(Cascade Biologies)或培养基171(Cascade Biologies)。备选地,培养基可以补加诱导细胞增殖的试剂如生长因子。此类试剂可以混合于单一溶液中,如人角质形成细胞生长补充试剂盒(Cascade Biologies),或者可以单独地补加。此类试剂包括但不限于生长因子(例如表皮生长因子、胰岛素样生长因子-1、血小板衍生生长因子-BB、转化生长因子-β1、胰岛素)、激素(如牛垂体提取物)、氢化可的松、转铁蛋白和其它任何合适组合等以诱导特定细胞类型的克隆扩充。术语“克隆扩充”还包括体内细胞培养,例如通过将细胞注射至哺乳动物如人、小鼠、大鼠、猴、猿中。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:
(e)将干/祖细胞在允许所述细胞分化为上皮细胞和/或间充质细胞的条件下培养;和
(f)分离已分化的细胞。
在又一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种方法,其还包括:
(g)保存已分离的干/祖细胞用于其它用途。
用于保存和贮藏真核细胞尤其是哺乳动物细胞的方法和方案在本领域内众所周知(参考例如Pollard,J.W.和Walker,J.M.(1997)Basic CellCulture Protocols,第二版,Humana Press,Totowa,NJ;Freshney,R.I.(2000)Culture of Animal Cells,第四版,Wiley-Liss,Hoboken,NJ)。用于维持分离的上皮干/祖细胞或间充质干/祖细胞生物学活性的任意方法可以与本发明共同使用。在一个优选的实施方案中,干/祖细胞通过使用深低温保藏法维持和贮藏。
因此,本发明还涉及通过以上方法自脐带羊膜衍生的祖细胞/干细胞。此外,本发明还涉及细胞库,其包含一种或多种已经如上所述分离的祖细胞/干细胞或由其组成。这种祖/干细胞的细胞库可以是个体自体性的或是汇集性的,并且随后可以通过进一步分化应用于例如再生医学、组织修复和再生。
与以上一致,本发明还涉及包含通过以上本发明方法自脐带羊膜分离的干/祖细胞的药物组合物。药物组合物可以为任何类型,并且通常包含干/祖细胞或其细胞提取物连同治疗可用的合适载体和赋形剂。在一些实施方案中,药物组合物适于全身应用或局部应用。
适于局部应用的药物组合物可以是液体或粘液形式。其实例包括软膏、乳膏和洗剂等。适于全身使用的药物组合物的实例是液体组合物,其中干/祖细胞或细胞提取物溶解于例如注射或灌注用缓冲液中。
因此,本发明还涉及治疗患病受试者的方法。该方法包括向该受试者施用有效量的如上所述分离的干/祖细胞或自此细胞衍生的细胞提取物。
原则上,适于通过干细胞/祖细胞方法治疗的任何疾病可以用本发明的细胞或细胞提取物治疗。在一些实施方案中,疾病选自肿瘤疾病、皮肤加速衰老和皮肤疾病、组织疾病、内脏内分泌缺陷和神经疾病。
待治疗的组织疾病可以是先天性或获得性组织缺陷。可以用本发明细胞治疗的内脏内分泌缺陷实例包括但不限于与胰岛素缺乏相关的糖尿病、睾酮缺乏、贫血、低血糖症、高血糖症、胰腺缺陷、肾上腺缺陷和甲状腺缺陷。
可以用本发明细胞治疗的神经病实例包括但不限于阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、Jacob Kreutzfeld病、卢·格里格病、亨廷顿舞蹈病和神经性肿瘤疾病。
皮肤疾病的实例是外伤或皮肤的受损部分,例如太阳灼伤的皮肤。在本文中皮肤老化也视为皮肤疾病。因此可以局部地或类似送递本发明干/祖细胞或其细胞提取物,例如作为洗剂或乳膏中或其它任意载体中的成分用于修复太阳灼伤的皮肤,并且此外还可以通过补充且因此强化缺乏的生长因子和相关肽成分而延缓皮肤老化过程(抗老化特性),皮肤没有它们则加速衰老。干/祖细胞还可以迁移至身体的受伤区域例如表面伤口以形成对局部修复过程所需要的必需细胞性成分(参考The Journal ofImmunology,2001,166:7556-7562;或International Journal ofBiochemical and Cell Biology 2004;36:598-606)。
肿瘤疾病可以是癌,特别由于最近研究已证实干细胞可以选择性地靶向肿瘤瘤组织(Journal of the National Cancer Institute 2004;96(21):1593-1603),允许将抗瘤药剂如干扰素定向送递至致瘤灶。癌可以是任何类型的癌,包括能够形成实体瘤的那些癌,范围从皮肤癌至内脏癌。待治疗的癌的实例包括鳞状细胞癌、乳腺导管和小叶癌、肝细胞癌、鼻咽癌、肺癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头部或颈部癌、皮肤或眼内恶性黑素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、肛区癌、胃癌、结肠癌、乳癌、睾丸癌、子宫癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、霍奇金病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、食道癌、小肠癌、内分泌系统癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、肾上腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、前列腺癌、慢性或急性白血病、儿童实体瘤、淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、肾或输尿管癌、肾细胞癌、肾盂癌、中枢神经系统(CNS)瘤、原发性CNS淋巴瘤、肿瘤血管生成、脊柱轴肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤、卡波西肉瘤、表皮样癌或此类癌的任意组合,包括其散布(转移)形式。在治疗肿瘤疾病时,本文中所公开的脐带羊膜衍生的干细胞和/或它们的细胞提取物既可以作为直接治疗和/或作为携带载体全身性施用。在抗肿瘤治疗时,细胞包含抗肿瘤药剂。
在另一药学用途中,本发明的干/祖细胞可以用于基因治疗。为此目的,可以将细胞用编码在细胞中待产生的蛋白质的核酸转化。可以使用技术人员众所周知的多种方法中的任意方法将核酸导入本发明的细胞,例如使用病毒载体和/或含脂类的转染组合物如IBAfect(IBA GmbH,Gttingen,德国)、Fugene(Roche)、Gene Porter(Gene Therapy Systems)、Lipofectamine(Invitrogen)、Superfect(Qiagen)、Metafecten(Biontex)或者在PCT申请WO 01/015755)中描述的那些转染组合物。在相关的实施方案中,本发明的细胞在用编码所选择多肽的核酸转化后,可以用于重组产生该多肽。
如以上提及,干细胞提取物富含与正常组织生理有关的多种生长因子和肽。此类生长因子和/或肽可能在身体暴露的部分中缺乏,如作为所有人的表层保护身体不受外界因素影响以维持内部稳态的皮肤中。因此,在又一个实施方案中,本发明的干/祖细胞或其细胞提取物适用于治疗和/或维持内部稳态。
在又一个实施方案中并且与如上公开相一致,可以将本发明的干/祖细胞用于产生任意生物分子。生物分子可以是例如在细胞内天然产生的任意分子或其编码核酸已经通过重组DNA技术导入细胞的分子。可以由本发明细胞产生的分子实例包括但不限于蛋白质如细胞因子、生长因子如胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、转化生长因子β(TGFβ)、激活蛋白A、骨形态发生蛋白(BMP)、PDGF或者激素如胰岛素或促红细胞生成素或转运体蛋白如转铁蛋白、肽如生长因子或激素(例如黄体激素(LSH)、促卵泡激素(FSH))、有机小分子如类固醇激素、寡糖或多糖例如肝素或硫酸肝素(对于此方面实施例参考WO 96/23003或WO 96/02259)、蛋白聚糖、糖蛋白如胶原或层粘连蛋白或者脂等。
在又一个方面并且与最近方法相一致(见例如Amit,M等,HumanFeeder Layers for human embryonic stell Cells,Biol Reprod 2003;68:2150-2156),可以将本文中所述的干/祖细胞作为饲养层用于培养其它胚胎细胞,特别是人胚胎干细胞。在这些实施方案的一个实施方案中,因为使用人细胞作为饲养层最大限度降低细胞培养物被动物来源成分如动物病原体或免疫原污染的危险,故本发明的细胞优选是人来源。在这个方面,还应当注意到,本发明的细胞可以在无血清条件下培养。因此,将细胞作为饲养层应用并且将细胞培养物在例如此后所述或在Draper等(Cultureand characterization of human embryonic stem cell lines,Stem Cells Dev2004,13:325-336)或在国际专利申请WO 98/30679中所述无血清培养基中培养。
在此上下文中,应当说明的是具有最小比例衰老细胞的大量低代次细胞(即大比例的高质量细胞)在移植外科和基于细胞的疗法中是至关重要的并且需要在细胞扩充期间的可能的最短时间内衍生。例如,来自骨髓和脐带血的间充质干细胞量少并且需要较长时间经过众多代次的扩充以达到细胞移植所需要的足够细胞数目。然而,高代次细胞往往质量退化并且可能导致细胞衰老或癌性转化。本文中已经发现,可以使用重复性外植体技术以较少传代次数得到大量的本发明细胞。因此本发明还涉及培养本发明的干/祖细胞的方法,其中该方法包括:
自脐带羊膜得到组织外植体;
在合适培养基内和培养条件下将该组织外植体培养达到合适时间阶段,
任选地使组织外植体接触新鲜培养基并且在合适条件下连续培养达到合适时间阶段(参考图15)。
培养可以按照需要的循环(传代)次数实施并且一旦获得所需要细胞数目即停止。通过从用于细胞生长的容器中移去用过的细胞培养基并且将新鲜培养基加入该容器使组织外植体接触新鲜培养基。除了对替换所用容器中培养基之外,可以通过将组织外植体转移至充满培养基的新容器实现接触新鲜培养基。用于细胞培养和/或增殖的组织外植体可以通过适合方法得到,例如通过如上所述的“直接的组织外植体技术”(在其中首先将组织置于无酶培养基内,随后在精心条件下细胞自行从主要组织块分离并且随后将收获细胞用于收集)。
组织外植体的培养可以在适用于培养哺乳动物细胞的任意培养基内实施。就培养或克隆扩充本发明的细胞而言,培养基实例包括如上所列常规的和商业可得到的培养基,例如不限于KGM-角质形成细胞培养基(Cambrex)、MEGM-乳上皮细胞培养基(Cambrex)、EpiLife培养基(Cascade Biologies)、培养基171(Cascade Biologies)、DMEM、DMEM-F12或RPMI培养基培养通常在正常用于培养衍生该细胞的种属细胞的条件(温度、气体)下实施,例如于37℃、5%CO2的空气内。在一个实施方案中,使用无血清、特别是无牛血清培养基实施培养。通常,持续培养(在一代中)至细胞生长所需要的任意合适时间,但是决不限于持续大约1至数天例如大约7天或大约8天。
在本文举例说明的本发明可以在缺乏本文明确公开的任意部分、限制下实施。因此术语“包含”、“包括”、“含有”等应当作广泛性和非限制地理解。此外,将本文中所用术语和表述作为描述性并且非限制性术语使用,并且在使用这类术语和表述时没有排除所展示和描述特性或其部分的等效物的意图,但是确认多种调整仍可能在本发明所要求保护的权利要求的范围内。因此,应当理解的是,虽然本发明通过优选的实施方案和任选的特性具体进行公开,对本公开所体现的本发明的调整和改动对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,并且将此类调整和改动视为在本发明范围内。
已经在本文中将本发明广泛并从类属上进行了描述。处于类属性公开范围内的较窄种属和亚类属组也形成了本发明的部分。这包括本发明的具有自此属性中除去任意主题的附带条件或否定性限制的本发明类属性描述,无论所排除的材料在本文中是否特别地引用。
其它实施方案处于如下权利要求和非限制性实施例范围内。此外,本发明的特征和方面以马库什组术语描述时,本领域技术人员将认识到,本发明因此还根据该马库什组的任意个体成员或亚族成员描述。
实施例:
实施例1:脐带组织收集
婴儿出生后立即收集脐带组织。将标本淋洗干净并且在转运至实验室前立即转移至含有培养物转运培养基(补加50IU/ml青霉素、50μg/ml链霉素、250μg/ml两性霉素、50μg/ml庆大霉素的L-15培养基;所有试剂均购自Invitrogen)的500ml无菌玻璃瓶内。在实验室内,于无菌条件下在层流净化柜中提取干细胞。首先将标本转移至无菌不锈钢托盘。使用补加5IU/ml肝素(来自Sigma)的温暖的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)多次注射洗涤除去脐带血管内所有残留血液。在最后一次洗涤中使用无肝素的普通PBS。随后将脐带组织标本切割为长2cm的小片并且转移至直径10cm的细胞培养皿内,在其中用70%乙醇进一步洗涤和消毒,随后使用含有抗生素混合物(50IU/ml青霉素、50μg/ml链霉素、250μg/ml两性霉素、50μg/ml庆大霉素;均购自Invitrogen)的PBS多次洗涤直至溶液变清。
实施例2:细胞分离/培养
首先截断脐带组织以便将脐带羊膜与沃顿胶(即脐带基质)和其它内部成分分开。随后将分离的羊膜切割成(0.5cm×0.5cm)小片用于细胞分离。将脐带羊膜片放置在用于分离上皮干细胞或间充质干细胞的不同细胞培养条件下的组织培养皿上实施外植。
对于间充质细胞分离/培养,将外植体浸没于5ml补加10%胎牛血清(Hyclone)的DMEM(Invitrogen)(DMEM/10%FBS)内并且在CO2细胞培养箱内于37℃培养。培养基每2天或3天更换一次。细胞生长晕在光学显微镜下检查。长出的细胞通过胰蛋白酶消化(0.125%胰蛋白酶/0.05%EDTA)收获用于进一步扩充并且使用培养基DMEM/10%FBS深低温保藏。
对于上皮细胞分离/培养,在将组织样品放置于表面前用1型胶原/4型胶原混合物(1∶2)包被细胞培养皿塑料表面。将组织样品浸没于5mlEpiLife培养基或培养基171内(两者均来自Cascade Biologies)。培养基每2天或3天更换一次。在光学显微镜下检查来自组织培养外植体的细胞生长。长出的细胞通过胰蛋白酶消化(0.125%胰蛋白酶/0.05%EDTA)使用EpiLife培养基或培养基171收获。
对于细胞的酶提取方法,将脐带羊膜分成0.5cm×0.5cm的小片并且在0.1%(w/v)1型胶原酶溶液(Roche Diagnostics)中37℃消化6小时。将样品每15分钟涡旋混合2分钟。4000转/分离心30分钟收集细胞。采用两种不同方法以便分离上皮干细胞或间充质干细胞。
对于上皮干细胞的分离,将细胞沉淀重悬于补加50μg/ml胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、50μg/ml血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)、5μg/ml转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)和5μg/ml胰岛素(均自R&D Systems获得)的EpiLife培养基或培养基171(两者均来自Cascade Biologies)中,计数并在预先用1型胶原/4型胶原混合物(1∶2;Becton Dickinson)包被的10cm组织培养皿中以1×106个细胞/皿的密度接种。24小时后,附着的细胞用温暖的磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)洗涤并且用添加补充物的EpiLife培养基或培养基171替换原培养基。培养基每2天或3天更换一次。细胞生长和扩充的克隆形成在光学显微镜下检查。在大约70%汇合时,将细胞通过胰蛋白酶消化(0.125%胰蛋白酶/0.05%EDTA)次培养用于进一步扩充和深低温保藏。
对于间充质干细胞的分离,将细胞沉淀重悬于DMEM/10%FBS中、计数并在10cm组织培养皿中以1×106个细胞/皿的密度接种。培养基每2天或3天更换一次。细胞生长和扩充在光学显微镜下检查。在大约90%汇合时,将细胞如上所述次培养。
对于在饲养层上培养上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞,将脐带内衬膜通过胶原酶处理消化、计数并且接种于经致死性照射或丝裂霉素C处理的3T3成纤维细胞(饲养层)包被的10cm组织培养皿内的Green′s培养基中。培养基每2天或3天更换一次。集落形成在光学显微镜下检查并照相。
实施例3:干/祖细胞鉴定
上皮细胞:图1显示自使用组织外植体方法制备的脐带羊膜长出的上皮细胞图象(放大倍数40×)。图象在组织培养第2天(图1A)和第5天(图1B,C)拍摄。细胞形态学分析显示多角形状的上皮样细胞。通过脐带片段的酶消化在第2天(图A、C)和第5天(图B、D)产生相似(图2)上皮细胞(放大倍数40×)。图7显示来自使用Green′s方法在饲养层上培养的脐带羊膜的上皮细胞集落形成图象(放大倍数40×)。多角形状的上皮样细胞集落从第3至第7天迅速扩大。
间充质细胞:在使用补加10%胎牛血清(FCS)的DMEM作为培养基的组织培养皿中放置后早至48小时观察到自脐带羊膜移出的生长出来的间充质细胞生长晕(图3A、C)(放大倍数40×)。细胞的特征在于它们呈纺锤形形态并且在体外既容易又迅速地迁移和扩增,与成纤维细胞非常接近(图3B、D)(放大倍数40×)。在由胶原酶酶消化分离的细胞组中显示类似的观察结果(图4)。图4A显示在第二天自脐带羊膜分离的间充质细胞。在第5天观察到细胞增殖(图4B)(放大倍数40×)。图6和8显示在无饲养层和有饲养层条件下在DMEM/10%FCS中培养的来自脐带羊膜的间充质干细胞的集落形成图象(放大倍数40×)。伸长形状的成纤维细胞样细胞的集落从第3至第7天迅速扩大。
蛋白质印迹分析(图9)显示根据本发明分离的来自脐带羊膜的间充质干细胞(UCMC)和脐带上皮细胞(UCEC)表达编码胚胎干细胞特异性标志转录因子八重体-4的POU5f1基因(参考Niwa,H.,Miyazaki,J.和Smith,A.G.(2000).Nat.Genet.24,372-376)。因此,该分析显示了这些干细胞的胚胎样特性。这些细胞还高度表达其它生长因子如结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、胎盘样生长因子PLGF、STAT3、干细胞因子(SCF)、肝癌衍生生长因子(HDGF)、成纤维细胞生长因子-2(FGF-2)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、纤连蛋白、饰胶蛋白聚糖、黏结蛋白聚糖-1,2,3,4。在图9中,将这些基因的表达与人真皮成纤维细胞、骨髓间充质细胞(BMSC)和脂肪来源的间充质细胞(ADMC)比较。图9还显示了与骨髓、脂肪来源的干细胞、人真皮成纤维细胞和表皮角质形成细胞相比通过ELISA分析法在脐带间充质干细胞和上皮干细胞培养物上清中检测到的高度分泌性激活蛋白A和促滤泡素抑制素(众所周知两者均是促进组织修复和再生、增强血管发生和维持胚胎干细胞培养的蛋白质,以致于各自基因的表达是胚胎样特性和细胞分化能力的标识)。这些结果还表明本发明的细胞是在这些细胞的治疗性应用领域如再生医学、衰老医学、组织修复和组织工程中有前景的候选对象。
通过与人骨髓间充质干细胞比较分析分泌的细胞因子和生长因子进一步表征间充质细胞。将脐带上皮干细胞(UCEC)与表皮角质形成细胞比较分析。如下进行该分析:简而言之,将UMMC、UCEC、真皮成纤维细胞、骨髓间充质细胞、表皮角质形成细胞培养于生长培养基内直至100%汇合(37℃,5%CO2),随后在饥饿培养基(无血清DMEM)内同步化48小时。次日,将培养基换成新鲜的无血清DMEM,随后再培养48小时。将条件培养基收集、浓缩并使用细胞因子阵列(RayBiotech,Inc,GA,USA)分析。
该分析结果表明,UCMC分泌白细胞介素-6(1L-6);(MCP1);肝细胞生长因子(HGF);白细胞介素-8(IL8);sTNFR1;GRO;TIMP1;T1MP2;TRAILR3;uPAR;ICAM1;IGFBP3;IGFBP6(图11),而UCEC分泌IGFBP-4;PARC;EGF;IGFBP-2;IL-6;血管生成素;GCP-2;IL1 Rα;MCP-1;RANTES;SCF;TNFβ;HGF;IL8;sTNFR;GRO;GRO-α;双调蛋白;IL-1R4/ST2;TIMP1;TIMP2;uPAR;VEGF(图12)。
因此,这表明两种细胞类型均分泌在发育生物学、组织稳态、组织修复和再生以及血管发生中具有重要功能的大量细胞因子和生长因子。这进一步证实本发明细胞在各个治疗性应用中的通用性。
此外,使用小鼠畸胎瘤形成分析作为指示进一步检查本发明的细胞的安全性。在这些实验中使用六只SCID小鼠。将超过2百万个UCMC的混悬液以25G无菌针头注射至每只SCID小鼠的大腿肌肉内。饲养动物6个月并且评估肿瘤形成。在这些小鼠中未见肿瘤形成(数据未显示)。这表明本发明的细胞是安全的并且不具有任何形成良性或其它性质肿瘤的能力。
实施例4:在无血清培养基中培养干/祖细胞
将UCMC细胞在含有10%FCS的DMEM和在无血清培养基PTT-1、PTT-2和PTT-3中培养。三种培养基PTT-1、PTT-2和PTT-3由本发明人之一Phan博士制备。简而言之,这3种培养基不含胎牛血清或人血清,但是含有不同的细胞因子和生长因子,如IGF、EGF、TGF-β,激活蛋白A、BMP、PDGF、转铁蛋白和胰岛素。生长因子成分在培养间是不同的,以便评估不同生长特征。培养如下进行:在基础培养基内添加不同比例的生长因子和细胞因子。将UCMC解冻并在这些培养基内培养10天。在光学显微镜下检查细胞增殖。
图13显示在4种不同培养基内UCMC良好生长(图13-1至图13-5),其中UCMC细胞的形态根据各培养基内存在的细胞因子或生长因子比率或比例的不同而不同。相反,骨髓和脂肪来源间充质细胞在这些无血清培养基中生长不良(图13-6和图13-7)。因此,UCMC的良好生长显示了本发明细胞的耐受性和它们的高存活性,表明它们的生长特性优于常规来源的间充质干细胞如骨髓来源和脂肪来源的间充质细胞。就此方面而言,值得指出的是,在这些实验中使用了无(牛)血清培养基并且大部分人间充质细胞在无血清培养基中生长不良。由于降低了使用胎牛血清进行细胞培养和括充的风险,因此在细胞疗法中使用本发明细胞以及所描述的无血清培养基技术明显有利(虽然牛血清的使用已经长时间进行并且通常优化了细胞生长,但因人畜共患病如牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病)的传播对使用它的担心已经增加)。
实施例5:脐带上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞基因表达谱的特征。
使用DNA微阵列分析脐带上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞的基因表达谱。为此目的,将UCMC和UCEC在生长培养基中于37℃、5%CO2下培养直至100%汇合。细胞在基础培养基内同步化48小时,随后用新鲜基础培养基替换再培养48小时。收获总RNA并传送至Silicon GeneticsMicroarray Service。使用GeneSpring 7.2进行数据分析。图14汇总了全基因表达。UCEC表达总共28055个基因并且UCMC表达总共34407个基因。两种细胞类型中存在27308个重叠的基因表达。表达的747个基因对UCEC是独特的,并且表达的7099个基因对UCMC是独特的。所选择的目的基因在图14中列出。
两种干细胞类型表达了进一步支持本发明细胞具有胚胎干细胞样特性的140个与胚胎干细胞和胚胎发育有关的基因:Nanog;甲胎蛋白;前B细胞白血病转录因子3;层粘连蛋白α5;癌胚抗原样1;含自水解酶域2;δ样3(果蝇(Drosophila));Muscleblind样(果蝇);GNAS复合基因座;癌胚抗原相关性细胞粘附分子3;棕榈酰蛋白硫酯酶2;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白2;癌胚抗原样1;胚胎外胚层发育;母体胚胎亮氨酸拉链激酶;绒膜生长促乳激素2;叉头盒D3;基部边缘蛋白同系物(radical fringehomolog)(果蝇);驱动蛋白家族成员1B;胚胎骨骼肌肌球蛋白重链多肽3;裂手/足畸形(缺指趾)型3;TEA域家族成员3;层粘连蛋白α1;绒膜生长促乳激素1;胎盘催乳激素;促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素受体1;促甲状腺素胚胎因子;芳烃受体核易位蛋白2;膜卷曲相关蛋白(Membranefrizzled-related protein);神经调节蛋白1’XVI型胶原α1;神经调节蛋白1;绒膜生长促乳激素1(胎盘催乳激素);CUG三重重复序列RNA结合蛋白1;绒膜生长促乳激素1(胎盘催乳激素)Bystin样;MyoD家族抑制物;视黄酸诱导蛋白2;GNAS复合基因座;前B细胞白血病转录因子4;层粘连蛋白α2(先天肌肉萎缩分区蛋白);SMAD,母体抗DPP同系物1(果蝇);具有与蛋白质pir:D28928(人类)D28928妊娠特异性β-1糖蛋白IB流产性(片段)中等相似度的人类(H.sapiens)转录序列;驱动蛋白家族成员1B;RNA结合蛋白Bruno样4(果蝇);胚胎脑特异性蛋白质;妊娠诱导的生长抑制蛋白;SMAD,母体抗DPP同系物5(果蝇);绒膜生长促乳激素2;腺苷酸环化酶活化性多肽1(垂体);癌胚抗原相关性细胞粘附分子;层粘连蛋α3;蛋白质O-岩藻糖基转移酶1;Jagged 1(阿拉日耶综合征);扭曲原肠胚形成同系物1(果蝇);ELAV(果蝇异常视觉胚胎致死性)样3(Hu抗原C);促甲状腺激素胚胎因子;溶质载体家族43成员3;倒位蛋白(Inversin);肾消耗病2(婴儿);胚胎翻转倒位(inversion of embryonicturning);人类倒位蛋白(INVS)转录物变体2mRNA;人类转录性序列;同源异型框D8;胚胎Fyn相关性底物;ELAV(果蝇异常视觉胚胎致死性)-样1(Hu抗原R);碱性含螺旋-环-螺旋域B族22;催产素受体;畸胎样瘤衍生生长因子1;Fms相关酪氨酸激酶1(血管内皮生长因子/血管透性因子受体);肾上腺髓质素;核受体共激活因子6-CUG三重重复序列RNA结合蛋白1;扭曲原肠胚形成同系物1(果蝇);癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子4;受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶R;Acrg胚胎致死性(小鼠)最小区域直向同源物;EPH受体A3;δ样1(果蝇);鼻胚胎LHRH因子;转录因子CP2样1;裂手/足畸形(缺指趾)型3;Jagged 2;人类转录性序列;神经调节蛋白1;裂手/足畸形(缺指趾)型1;溶质载体43家族成员3;羟酰辅酶A脱氢酶/3-酮脂酰辅酶A硫解酶/烯酰辅酶A水合酶(三功能蛋白)α亚基;岩藻糖基转移酶10(α(1,3)岩藻糖基转移酶);Acrg胚胎致死性(小鼠)最小区域直向同源物;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子7;核磷蛋白/核磷蛋白2;IgG Fc片段,受体,转运蛋白,α;扭曲原肠胚形成同系物1(果蝇);人类类似于分选液泡蛋白35;母体胚胎3(LOC146485)mRNA;含自水解酶域2;短尾同系物T(小鼠);解联蛋白和金属蛋白酶域10;核糖体蛋白L29;内皮肽转变酶2;ELAV(果蝇异常视觉胚胎致死性)样1(Hu抗原R);滋养蛋白;同源异型框B6;层粘连蛋白α4;同源异型框B6;假定蛋白FLJ13456;含有亮氨酸丰富重复序列和PYD 5的NACHT;ELAV(果蝇异常视觉胚胎致死性)样1(Hu抗原R);未分化胚胎细胞转录因子1;妊娠相关血浆蛋白A,pappalysin 1;分泌珠蛋白1A家族成员1(子宫珠蛋白);甲状旁腺素样激素;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子1(胆汁糖蛋白);层粘连蛋白α1。
两种干细胞类型还表达了数千个与发育生物学、细胞生长和分化、细胞稳态、细胞和组织修复及再生有关的基因。此类生因子及其受体的实例如下:(G-CSF、FGF、IGF、KGF、NGF、VEGF、PIGF、血管生成素、CTGF、PDGF、HGF、EGF、HDGF、TGF-β、激活蛋白和抑制素、促滤泡素抑制素、BMP、SCF/c-Kit、LIF、WNT、SDF、制癌蛋白M、白细胞介素、趋化因子和其它众多);MMP、TIMP胞外基质(胶原、层粘连蛋白、纤连蛋白、玻连蛋白、生腱蛋白、整合素、黏结蛋白聚糖、饰胶蛋白聚糖、纤连蛋白、蛋白聚糖、SPARC/骨连接蛋白、黏蛋白、导蛋白、磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖、软骨结合蛋白、胞外基质蛋白、乙酰透明质酸、纤蛋白、ADAMTS、双糖链蛋白聚糖、盘基菌蛋白、桥粒成分、ICAM、钙黏着蛋白、联蛋白和众多其它);细胞角蛋白。
有些组基因仅在UCMC中出现。这些基因与如下相关:正常生理过程(胰岛素样生长因子1(生长调节素C);胰岛素样4(胎盘);松弛素1;纤维蛋白溶酶原;胰岛素样生长因子1(生长调节素C);胰岛素样5;胰岛素样生长因子1(生长调节素C);胰岛素样生长因子2(生长调节素A))、体内稳态(放射辐头样1;血色素沉着病;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体5;白细胞介素31受体A;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体12(基质细胞衍生因子1);核受体3亚家族C组成员2;血色素沉着病;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体23;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体23;线粒体铁蛋白;过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体γ共激活因子1-α;表面活性剂肺泡相关性蛋白D;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体11;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体3;EgI九同系物2(线虫(C.elegans));过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体γ共激活因子1-β;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体1;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体12(基质细胞细胞衍生因子1);Na+/K+转运ATP酶α2(+)多肽;趋化因子(C基序)配体2;血红素结合蛋白;兰诺定受体3)、形态发生(红细胞α血影蛋白1(椭圆红细胞增多症2);同源异型框D3;缺眼同系物1(果蝇);Ras同系物基因家族成员J;白细胞特异性转录物1;外胚层发育异常蛋白A2受体;磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3;成对盒基因7;丝氨酸蛋白酶Corin;Dishevelled,dsh同系物1(果蝇);Ras同系物基因家族成员J;T盒3(尺骨乳房综合征);软骨素β1,4N-乙酰半胺转移酶乳糖;软骨素β1,4N-乙酰半胺转移酶乳糖;SRY(性别决定区域Y)盒10;非肌肉肌球蛋白重链多肽9;黄体生成素/绒毛膜促性腺激素受体;基部边缘蛋白同系物(果蝇);分泌的卷曲相关蛋白5;无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员11;缺眼同系物2(果蝇);Muscleblind样(果蝇);T盒5;Mab-21样1(线虫);生长停滞特异性2;Sex comb on midleg同系物1(果蝇);T盒6;细丝蛋白结合LIM蛋白-1;黑素瘤细胞粘附分子;Twist同系物1(尖头多指(趾)并指(趾)3;塞-乔综合征)(果蝇);同源异型框A11;角膜蛋白聚糖;成纤维细胞生长因子1(酸性);羧肽酶M;CDC42效应蛋白(Rho GTP酶结合)4;LIM同源框转录因子1-β;Engrailed同系物1;羧肽酶M;成纤维细胞生长因子8(雄激素诱导);成纤维细胞生长因子18;白细胞特异性转录物1;内皮缩血管肽3;配对样同源域转录因子1)、胚胎发育(妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白3;ELAV(果蝇异常视觉胚胎致死性)样4(Hu抗原D);G蛋白偶联受体10;外胚层发育异常蛋白A2受体;ATP结合盒B亚家族(MDR/TAP)成员4;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白11;鼻胚胎LHRH因子;松弛素1;Notch同系物4(果蝇);妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白6;pih-2P;人类妊娠诱导高血压综合征相关蛋白(PIH2);120kDa输卵管糖蛋白1(黏蛋白9、输卵管素);孕激素相关子宫内膜蛋白;碱性肌球蛋白轻链多肽4;atrial,胚胎;促乳素;Notch同系物4(果蝇);前B细胞白血病转录因子1;基部边缘蛋白同系物(果蝇);促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素;核受体3亚家族C组成员2;神经调节蛋白2;Muscleblind样(果蝇);碱性肌球蛋白轻链多肽4;atrial,胚胎;人类cDNA FLJ27401 fis,克隆WMC03071;胚胎外精子发生同源框1样;胰岛素样4(胎盘);含有2个可变剪接位点C1和C2的3’非翻译区的外显子B2C的人类已加工假孕特异性糖蛋白(PSG12)基因;Fms相关酪氨酸激酶1(血管内皮生长因子/血管通透性因子受体);前B细胞白血病转录因子1;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白3;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子1(胆汁糖蛋白);芳基硫酸酯酶C类固醇硫酸酯酶(微粒体)同工酶S;同源异型框B6;蛋白质O-岩藻糖基转移酶1;LIM同源框转录因子1-β;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子1(胆汁糖蛋白);促卵泡激素β多肽;血管紧张素原(丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制物A进化枝(α-1抗蛋白酶、抗胰蛋白酶)成员8);癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子6(非特异性交叉反应抗原);蛋白激酶C,α结合蛋白;胶原凝素亚家族成员10(C型凝集素);层粘连蛋白α1)、细胞外空间(羧酸酯酶1(单核细胞/巨噬细胞丝氨酸酯酶1);成纤维细胞生长因子5;Progastricsin(胃蛋白酶原C);精子相关抗原11;前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/kexin2型;乙酰透明质酸结合蛋白2;Sema结构域,免疫球蛋白结构域(Ig),短碱性结构域分泌型(脑信号蛋白)3F;白细胞介素2;胰凝乳蛋白酶样;Nome病(假神经胶质瘤);气管支气管/胃黏蛋白5亚型A和C;羧肽酶B2(血浆羧肽酶U);基部边缘蛋白同系物(果蝇);妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白11;跨膜肽酶A-α(PABA肽水解酶);速激肽前体1(K物质、P物质、神经激肽1、神经激肽2、神经调节肽L、神经激肽α、神经肽K、神经肽γ);成纤维细胞生长因子8(雄激素诱导);成纤维细胞生长因子13;血红素结合蛋白;乳癌2,早期发生;成纤维细胞生长因子14;(青少年X连锁性)视网膜劈裂症1;几丁质酶3样1(软骨糖蛋白-39);Dystonin;分泌珠蛋白1D家族成员2;成头蛋白;WAP四个二硫键核心结构域2;CD5抗原样(清除受体半胱氨酸丰富家族);瘙痒病响应蛋白1;半胱氨酸结超家族Gremlin1同系物(爪蟾(Xenopus laevis));白细胞介素16(淋巴细胞化学引诱物因子);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体26;核结合蛋白1;成纤维细胞生长因子18;胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1;表面活性剂肺泡相关性蛋白A1;δ样1同系物(果蝇);可卡因和苯丙胺调节的转录物;跨膜肽酶A-β;白细胞介素17F;补体因子H;半胱氨酸丰富分泌性蛋白2;Dystonin;WAP四-二硫键核心结构域1;促乳素;表面活性剂肺泡相关性蛋白B;成纤维细胞生长因子5;Dickkopf同系物2(爪蟾);精子相关抗原11;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体11;跨膜肽酶A-α(PABA肽水解酶);几丁质酶3样2;C-fos诱导的生长因子(血管内皮生长因子D);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体4;脊髓灰质炎病毒受体;透明质酸酶1;120kDa输卵管糖蛋白1(黏蛋白9、输卵管素);趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体9;分泌的卷曲相关蛋白质5;珐琅蛋白(X连锁性釉质生长不全1);松弛素1;Sparc/骨连接蛋白、cwcv和kazal样结构域蛋白聚糖(睾丸蛋白聚糖);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体26;成纤维细胞生长因子1(酸性);血管生成素样2;Fms相关酪氨酸激酶1(血管内皮生长因子/血管通透性因子受体);Dystonin;胰岛素样4(胎盘);钴胺传递蛋白II;大红细胞性贫血;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体1;胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白的酸不稳定亚基;补体因子H;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白6;Silver同系物(小鼠);蛋白聚糖4;成纤维细胞生长因子16;细胞因子样蛋白质C17;颗粒溶素;血管生成素2;嗜铬粒蛋白B(分泌粒蛋白1);Sema结构域,免疫球蛋白结构域(Ig)和GPI膜锚形体(脑信号蛋白)7A;多效营养因子(肝素结合生长因子8,神经突生长促进因子1);钙离子活化性氯离子通道家族成员3;分泌珠蛋白1D家族成员1;纤蛋白1;180kDa磷脂酶A2受体1)以及细胞外基质(ADAMTS样1;成骨细胞特异性因子Periostin;磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖5;神经元亮氨酸丰富重复序列3;转谷胺酰胺酶2(C多肽、蛋白质-谷胺酰胺-γ-谷胺酰转移酶);具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)2;微原纤维相关蛋白质4;磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3;V型胶原α3;金属蛋白酶2组织抑制物;角膜蛋白聚糖;软骨寡聚基质蛋白;腔蛋白聚糖;乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白3;富酪蛋白Statherin;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)3;胞外基质蛋白Spondin 1;几丁质酶3样1(软骨糖蛋白-39);IV型胶原α3(肺出血-肾炎抗原);无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员7B;VI型胶原α2;脂笼蛋白7;乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白4;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)5(聚集蛋白聚糖酶-2);纤连蛋白1;软骨基质蛋白胞外基质蛋白1;假定蛋白FLJ13710;软骨素β1,4N-乙酰半胺转移酶乳糖;基质金属蛋白酶16(膜插入性);冯.维勒布兰德因子;VI型胶原α2;跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶6;基质金属蛋白酶23B;基质金属蛋白酶14(膜插入性);神经元亮氨酸丰富重复序列3;SPARC样1(mast9,hevin);Sparc/骨连接蛋白、cwcv和kazal样结构域蛋白聚糖(睾丸蛋白聚糖)3;皮肤桥蛋白;XIV型胶原α1(粗纤维调节素);Y连锁的珐琅蛋白;巢蛋白(内动蛋白);ADAMTS样2;乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白2;XV型胶原α1;磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖6;基质金属蛋白酶12(巨噬细胞弹性蛋白酶);珐琅蛋白(釉X连锁性质生长不全1);具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)15;跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶6;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)16;Sparc/骨连接蛋白、cwcv和kazal样结构域蛋白聚糖(睾丸蛋白聚糖);具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)20;XI型胶原α1;乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白1;软骨素β1,4N-乙酰半胺转移酶乳糖;Asporin(LRR族1);I型胶原α1(常染色体显性IV型埃-当综合征);分泌型磷蛋白1(骨桥蛋白,骨涎蛋白I,早期T-淋巴细胞活化1);基质GIa蛋白质;纤蛋白5;XIV型胶原α1(粗纤维调节素);金属蛋白酶3组织抑制物(假炎性索斯比眼底营养障碍);XXV型胶原α1;软骨寡聚基质蛋白;VI型胶原α1;软骨粘附素;XV型胶原α1;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)16;IV型胶原α4;齿质基质酸性磷蛋白;IV型胶原α1;含血小板反应蛋白重复序列1;基质金属蛋白酶16(膜插入性);I型胶原α2;纤蛋白1;覆膜蛋白β;糖基磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶D1;结肠直肠癌基因1中上调)、细胞骨架:(细丝蛋白B,β(肌动蛋白结合蛋白278);EF手型蛋白中心粒蛋白1;含FERM结构域3;Bridging integrator 3;Parvin,γ;Rho鸟嘌呤核苷酸交换因子(GEF)11;酪氨酸激酶2;Kelch样蛋白4(果蝇);红细胞血影蛋白β(包括临床I型球形红细胞增多症);Arg/Abl相互作用蛋白ArgBP2;Advillin;核膜含血影蛋白重复序列1;联蛋白(钙黏着蛋白相关蛋白质)δ1;红细胞膜蛋白质带4.1样蛋白5;联蛋白(钙黏着蛋白结合性蛋白)α2;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体3;γ-肌聚糖(35kDa肌营养蛋白结合性糖蛋白);伴肌动蛋白;成神经细胞瘤细胞内鉴定的β-胸腺素;3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶-1;维-奥综合征蛋白相互作用蛋白;Dystonin;亨廷顿蛋白相互作用蛋白1;KIAA0316基因产物;原肌球调节蛋白4(肌肉);肝癌中缺失蛋白1;绒毛蛋白样蛋白;肌养蛋白结合蛋白,β1(59kDa肌养蛋白结合蛋白A1的碱性成分1);cGMP依赖性I型蛋白激酶;人类类似于角蛋白8;细胞角蛋白8;细胞骨架II型角蛋白8(LOC345751),mRNA;内收蛋白1(α);神经元内蛋白激酶C和酪蛋白激酶底物3;Dystonin;KeII血型;细丝蛋白A相互作用蛋白1;生长停滞特异性2;;染色体1可读框1;Stathmin样蛋白2;红细胞α血影蛋白1(椭圆红细胞增多症2);FKSG44基因;驱动蛋白家族成员1C;张力蛋白;Kaptin(肌动蛋白结合蛋白);神经纤维瘤蛋白2(双侧听神经瘤);血小板白细胞C激酶底物同系结构域、Sec7结构域和卷曲螺旋结构域2(cytohesin-2);肌动蛋白相关蛋白质T1;维-奥综合征样蛋白;Kelch样蛋白4(果蝇);Fascin同系物1,肌动蛋白成束蛋白(紫色海胆(Strongylocentrotus purpuratus));双载蛋白(具有128kDa乳癌自体抗原的僵人综合征);多囊肾病2样蛋白1;神经元锚蛋白2;CDC42结合蛋白激酶α(DMPK样);假定蛋白FLJ36144;Arg/Abl-相互作用蛋白ArgBP2;成蛋白样3;88kDa β1-联蛋白(钙黏着蛋白相关蛋白);肌动蛋白抑制蛋白2;突触足蛋白2样蛋白;肌养蛋白结合蛋白γ2;磷脂酶D2;吞没和细胞游动性2(线虫ced-12同系物);68kDa神经丝轻链多肽;Dystonin;肌动蛋白样7B;驱动蛋白家族成员1C;PDZ和LIM结构域3;内收蛋白2(β);obscurin、细胞骨架钙调蛋白和肌联蛋白相互作用RhoGEF;β多肽旁系同源物微管蛋白;细丝蛋白A相互作用蛋白1;踝蛋白1;人类类似于[片段1 of 2]Piccolo蛋白(Aczonin)(LOC375597);CDC42效应蛋白(Rho GTP酶结合)4;黏结蛋白聚糖1;α-细丝蛋白A(肌动蛋白结合蛋白280);肌动蛋白抑制蛋白2;含张力蛋白样C1结构域的磷酸酶;假定蛋白MGC33407;Rho家族GTP酶1;黄蛋白氧化还原酶MICAL2;Ca2+依赖性分泌作用激活蛋白;Rab亲和蛋白3A样(无C2结构域);肌球蛋白XVA;cGMP依赖性I型蛋白激酶;肌球蛋白调节性轻链相互作用蛋白;驱动蛋白家族成员13B;肌肉RAS癌基因同系物;非红细胞性β-血影蛋白1;TAO激酶2;β-细丝蛋白B(肌动蛋白结合蛋白278);神经纤维瘤蛋白2(双侧听神经瘤);联蛋白α3(钙黏着蛋白相关蛋白质);obscurin,细胞骨架钙调蛋白和肌联蛋白相互作用RhoGEF;肌动蛋白结合蛋白冠蛋白1A;红细胞膜蛋白带4.1样1;非红细胞性β-血影蛋白4;Y连锁的β4-胸腺素;(睾丸)Tektin 2;Ras同系物基因家族成员J;具有DbI和血小板白细胞C激酶底物同系结构域的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶;β-小肌营养蛋白;肠平滑肌γ2-肌动蛋白;Tara样蛋白;胱天蛋白酶8,凋亡相关半胱氨酸蛋白酶;含Kelch重复序列和BTB(POZ)结构域10;跨膜黏蛋白1;微管相关蛋白tau;张力蛋白;(丝足内)Ras同系物基因家族成员F;内收蛋白1(α);α4-辅肌动蛋白;红细胞膜蛋白带4.1(RH连锁的椭圆红细胞增多症1);双尾D同系物2(果蝇);朗维耶结锚蛋白3(锚蛋白G);肌球蛋白VIIA((严重常染色体隐性)厄舍综合征1B);α2联蛋白(钙黏着蛋白相关蛋白);人类类似于角蛋白8,II型细胞骨架-人(LOC285233);睾丸肌动蛋白成束蛋白Fascin同系物3;Ras同系物基因家族成员J;晶蛋白串珠丝状结构蛋白质2;结蛋白;肌球蛋白X;信号诱导增殖相关基因1;肌切蛋白;Coactosin样1(网柱菌属(Dictyostelium));吞没和细胞游动性2(线虫ced-12同系物);β4-微管蛋白;Ca2+依赖的分泌作用激活蛋白;含FERM结构域4A;骨骼肌α1-肌动蛋白踝蛋白1;钙调蛋白结合蛋白1;细丝蛋白结合LIM蛋白-1;微管相关蛋白tau;肌养蛋白结合蛋白α1(59kDa酸性成分肌养蛋白结合蛋白A1);内收蛋白2(β);细丝蛋白A相互作用蛋白1;PDZ和LIM结构域3;红细胞膜蛋白带4.1样4B;FYN结合蛋白(FYB-120/130);桥接整合蛋白3)、细胞外:(具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)20;SPARC样1(mast9、hevin);丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制物进化枝G(C1抑制蛋白)成员1(遗传性血管性水肿);Urocortin;胰凝乳蛋白酶样;血小板衍生生长因子β多肽(猴肉瘤病毒(v-sis)癌基因同系物);结合BMP的内皮调节物前体蛋白质;补体因子H;绒膜生长促乳激素样1;(肺泡和活化调节的)趋化因子(C-C基序)配体18;纤连蛋白1;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白3;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)3;CocoaCrisp;胰岛素样4(胎盘);无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员11;软骨寡聚基质蛋白;跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶6;C-fos诱导的生长因子(血管内皮生长因子D);(附睾)具有12序列相似性的家族成员B;亲棘蛋白调节性亚基9B蛋白磷酸酶1;钴胺传递蛋白II;大红细胞性贫血;凝血因子V(前加速因子,易变因子);磷脂酶A2,MD组;α肿瘤坏死因子诱导的蛋白质6;XV型胶原α1;乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白3;XIV型胶原α1(粗纤维调节素);白细胞介素19;蛋白酶抑制物15;烟碱胆碱能受体β多肽1(肌肉);赖氨酰氧化酶样3;胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白5;生长激素1;酪蛋白β;NEL样2(鸡);I因子(补体);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体23;α2-干扰素;基质金属蛋白酶16(膜插入性);基质金属蛋白酶12(巨噬细胞弹性蛋白酶);磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖5;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白3;成纤维细胞生长因子6;半胱氨酸结超家族Gremlin 1同系物(爪蟾);蛋白质S(α);软骨素β1,4N-乙酰半胺转移酶乳糖;糖基磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶D1;成纤维细胞生长因子1(酸性);胞外基质蛋白Spondin 1;骨形态发生蛋白1;肺泡表面活性剂相关蛋白B;牙质基质酸性磷蛋白;脂蛋白蛋白质Lp(a);跨膜黏蛋白1;甘露聚糖结合性凝集素丝氨酸蛋白酶1(Ra反应性因子的C4/C2活化成分);β-跨膜肽酶A;分泌珠蛋白1D家族成员1;Asporin(LRR类1);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体25;细胞因子样蛋白质C17;胰岛素样5;α-跨膜肽酶A(PABA肽水解酶);瘙痒病反应性蛋白1;成纤维细胞生长因子18;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体9;βB-抑制素(激活蛋白ABβ多肽);(雄激素诱导的)成纤维细胞生长因子8;颗粒溶素;可卡因和苯丙胺调节的转录物;I型胶原α2;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体17;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体23;Sparc/骨连接蛋白、cwcv和kazal样结构域蛋白聚糖(睾丸蛋白聚糖)3;γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体β3;皮质稳定素α4-防卫素;神经元亮氨酸丰富重复序列3;磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖6;丝裂原活化的蛋白激酶激酶2;凝血因子XI(血浆凝血激酶前质);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体5;Dystonin;卷曲相关蛋白;凝血因子XIII-A1多肽;胰岛素样生长因子1(生长调节素C);假定蛋白MGC45438;精子相关抗原11;胰岛素样生长因子1(生长调节素C);成骨细胞特异性因子Periostin;A-2-巨球蛋白;γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体α5;丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制物分支体A(α-1抗蛋白酶、抗胰蛋白酶)成员3;Silver同系物(小鼠);卷曲相关蛋白;软骨粘附素;软骨素β1,4N-乙酰半胺转移酶乳糖;5-羟色胺(血清素)受体3,家族成员C;VI型胶原α2;Toll样受体9;Y连锁的珐琅蛋白;血管内皮生长因子B;辐条状头样1;Fms相关酪氨酸激酶1(血管内皮生长因子/血管通透性因子受体);蛋白酶抑制物16;白细胞介素2;簇蛋白(补体裂解抑制因子、SP-40,40、硫酸化糖蛋白2、睾酮抑制性前列腺信息2、ApoJ);促卵泡激素β多肽;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)16;溶菌酶(肾淀粉样变);基部边缘蛋白同系物(果蝇);胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白5;Taxilin;载脂蛋白A-V;血小板衍生生长因子C;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体3样1;成纤维细胞生长因子16;VI型胶原α2;丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制物分支体C(抗凝血酶)成员1;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体11;IV型胶原α4;布鲁顿无丙种球蛋白白血症酪氨酸激酶;胰岛素样生长因子2(生长调节素A);Kazal型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物结构域1;纤维蛋白原Aα多肽;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体1;抑制素βE;性激素结合珠蛋白;IV型胶原α1;卵磷脂胆固醇脂酰基转移酶;半胱氨酸丰富分泌性蛋白2;乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白1;利尿钠肽前体C;RNA酶A家族核酸酶k6;成纤维细胞生长因子14;ADAMTS样2;IV型胶原α3(古德帕斯丘抗原);血管生成素2;载脂蛋白L-3;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体12(基质细胞细胞衍生因子1);乙酰透明质酸结合蛋白2;凝血因子VII(血清凝血酶原转变加速因子);XIV型胶原α1(粗纤维调节素);120kDa输卵管糖蛋白1(黏蛋白9、输卵管素);软骨基质蛋白胞外基质蛋白1,;气管支持管/胃黏蛋白5亚型A和C;肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员11b(护骨蛋白);转谷胺酰胺酶2(C多肽、蛋白质-谷胺酰胺-γ-谷胺酰转移酶);角膜蛋白聚糖;V型胶原α3;WAP四-二硫键核心结构域2;趋化因子(C-X3-C基序)配体1;丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制物分支体D(肝素辅因子)成员1;分泌性蛋白LOC348174;凝血因子X;白细胞介素16(淋巴细胞化学引诱物因子);胰脂酶相关蛋白2;HtrA丝氨酸肽酶3;甘氨酸受体α3;CD5抗原样(清除受体半胱氨酸丰富家族);假定蛋白MGC39497;凝血因子VIH,前凝血剂成分(血友病A);皮肤桥蛋白;成头蛋白;分泌型含LY6/PLAUR结构域1;ADAMTS样1;A-1-B糖蛋白;染色体20可读框175;无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员8B;纤蛋白1;纤蛋白5;组织蛋白酶S;巢蛋白(内动素);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体26;内皮细胞特异性分子1;几丁质酶3样1(软骨糖蛋白-39);γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体β1;分泌珠蛋白1D家族成员2;甘露聚糖结合性凝集素丝氨酸蛋白酶1(Ra反应性因子的C4/C2活化成分);ADAMTS样1;Sema结构域,免疫球蛋白结构域(Ig)和GPI膜锚形体,(脑信号蛋白)7A;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)15;2型前蛋白转化酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶/kexin;胰岛素样生长因子1(生长调节素C);视网膜劈裂症(青少年X连锁性)1;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)16;趋化因子(C基序)配体2;成纤维细胞生长因子5;精子相关抗原11;微原纤维相关蛋白4;脊髓灰质炎病毒受体;胞外信号调节性激酶8;跨膜丝氨酸蛋白酶6;蛋白激酶C,α;几丁质酶3样2;白细胞介素9;载脂蛋白L-6;表面活性剂肺泡相关性蛋白A1;VI型胶原α1;载脂蛋白L-6;假定蛋白FLJ 13710;羧肽酶B2(血浆羧肽酶U);杀菌性/通透性提高蛋白样2;成纤维细胞生长因子5;分泌型磷蛋白1(骨桥蛋白、骨涎蛋白I、早期T-淋巴细胞活化1);HtrA丝氨酸肽酶3;肝癌内缺失1;内皮细胞特异性分子1;冯.维勒布兰德因子;具有血小板反应蛋白1型基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)5(聚集蛋白聚糖酶-2);Sema结构域,免疫球蛋白结构域(Ig),短碱性结构域分泌型(脑信号蛋白)3A;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体12(基质细胞细胞衍生因子1);富酪蛋白;胞外信号调节性激酶8;金属蛋白酶3组织抑制物(假炎性索斯比眼底营养障碍);血小板因子4(趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体4);表面活性剂肺泡相关性蛋白D;补体因子H;δ样1同系物(果蝇);WAP四-二硫键核心结构域1;胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白,酸不稳定亚基;早期发生乳癌2;前B淋巴细胞基因1;促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素;假定蛋白DKFZp434B044;促乳素诱导性蛋白;RAS脒基释放蛋白4;Progastricsin(胃蛋白酶原C);Sema结构域,免疫球蛋白结构域(Ig),短碱性结构域分泌型(脑信号蛋白)3F;结肠直肠癌基因内上调1;蛋白聚糖4;烟碱胆碱能受体δ多肽;软骨寡聚基质蛋白;ABO血型(转移酶A、α1-3-N-乙酰半胺转移酶乳糖;转移酶B、α1-3-半乳糖基转移酶);白细胞介素12A(天然杀伤细胞刺激性因子1、毒性淋巴细胞成熟因子1、p35);成纤维细胞生长因子7(角质形成细胞生长因子);IRRE样3同胞(果蝇);(神经元)烟碱胆碱能受体α多肽2;血小板、肺和鼻上皮癌相关;XV型胶原α1;多效营养因子(肝素结合性生长因子8、神经突生长促进性因子1);血管生成素样2;诺里夫病(假神经胶质瘤);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体3;几丁质酶3样1(软骨糖蛋白-39);α(珠蛋白)间抑制物H3;珐琅蛋白(釉质生长不全1,X连锁性);表皮生长因子(β-尿抑胃素);成纤维细胞生长因子13;无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员7B;烟碱胆碱能受体γ多肽;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白6;基质金属蛋白酶14(膜插入性);趋化因子(C-C基序)配体26;α6干扰素;速激肽前体1(K物质、P物质、神经激肽1、神经激肽2、神经调节肽L、神经激肽α、神经肽K、神经肽γ);分泌的卷曲相关蛋白质5;乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白4;补体成分4B;基质金属蛋白酶16(膜插入性);成纤维细胞生长因子7(角质形成细胞生长因子);载脂蛋白C-II;钙活化的氯离子通道家族成员3;四联蛋白(纤维蛋白溶酶原结合蛋白);III型胶原α1(常染色体显性IV型埃-当综合征);KIAA0556蛋白质;趋化因子(C-C基序)配体4;血红素结合蛋白;α(珠蛋白)间抑制物H1;松弛素1;基质GIa蛋白;具有I型血小板反应蛋白基序的解联蛋白样和金属蛋白酶(reprolysin型)2;干扰素(α、β和ω)受体2;前列腺酸性磷酸酶;鸟嘌呤核苷酸结合蛋白(G蛋白)γ8;基质金属蛋白酶23B;α-跨膜肽酶A(PABA肽水解酶);透明质酸酶1;血管紧张素原(丝氨酸(或半胱氨酸)蛋白酶抑制物分支体A(α-1抗蛋白酶、抗胰蛋白酶)成员8);软骨中间层蛋白核苷酸焦磷酸水解酶;配体门控型离子通道嘌呤能受体P2X-7;磷脂酰肌醇蛋白聚糖3;覆膜蛋白β;α5干扰素;脂笼蛋白7;血小板因子4变体1;核结合蛋白1;XI型胶原α1;肠抑胃肽;含血小板反应蛋白重复序列1;5-羟色胺(血清素)受体3家族成员D;XXV型胶原α1;生长分化因子9;假定蛋白DKFZp434B044;内皮缩血管肽3;趋化因子(C基序)配体2;Prokineticin2;肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员11b(护骨蛋白);组织抑制物of金属蛋白酶2;Dystonin;嗜铬粒蛋白B(分泌粒蛋白1);乙酰透明质酸和蛋白聚糖连接蛋白2;神经元亮氨酸丰富重复序列3;腔蛋白聚糖;胞外基质蛋白1,软骨基质蛋白;磷脂酶A2HA组(血小板、滑液);羧酸酯酶1(单核细胞/巨噬细胞丝氨酸酯酶1);Sparc/骨连接蛋白、cwcv和kazal样结构域蛋白聚糖(睾丸蛋白聚糖);Dickkopf同系物2(爪蟾);γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)A受体-α3;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白11;胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白1;防卫素β106;白细胞介素17F;配体门控型离子通道亚基;180kDa磷脂酶A2受体1;I因子(补体);Dystonin;LAG1长寿保障同系物1(酿酒酵母(S.cerevisiae));促乳素;睾丸表达型序列264;Sema结构域,免疫球蛋白结构域(Ig),短碱性结构域分泌型(脑信号蛋白)3D;分泌的卷曲相关蛋白质2;分泌的卷曲相关蛋白质4)。
有些组基因仅在UCEC中出现。这些基因与如下有关:体内稳态(清蛋白;钙传感受体;Aquaporin 9;乳运铁铁蛋白)、形态发生(同源异型框HB9;上皮V样抗原1)、胚胎发育(松弛素2;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子8;吲哚胺-吡咯2,3双加氧酶;EPH受体A3;促甲状腺激素胚胎因子;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白1;α3-层粘连蛋白,)、细胞外空间(表面活性剂肺泡相关性蛋白A1;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白1;乳运铁铁蛋白;TGF-α;清蛋白;FGF-23;S100钙结合蛋白A9(钙粒蛋白B))、细胞外基质(层粘连蛋白β4;层粘连蛋白α3;透明带糖蛋白4)、结构分子活性(染色体21可读框29;层粘连蛋白α3;微管相关蛋白2;层粘连蛋白β4;角蛋白6B;Ladinin1;角蛋白6A;闭合蛋白;兜甲蛋白;红细胞膜蛋白带4.1(RH连锁椭圆红细胞增多症1);晶体蛋白βA2;眼晶状体结构蛋白;接触蛋白相关蛋白样4;密蛋白19;假定蛋白LOC144501;角蛋白6E;角蛋白6L;晶状体固有膜蛋白2,19kDa)、细胞骨架(微管相关蛋白2;红细胞膜蛋白带4.1样5;人类毛透明蛋白(THH);角蛋白6B;角蛋白6A;上皮的V样抗原1;Hook同系物1(果蝇);兜甲蛋白;红细胞膜蛋白带4.1(RH连锁椭圆红细胞增多症1);原肌球调节蛋白1;MAP/微管亲和力调节激酶1;角蛋白6E;肌动蛋白结合LIM蛋白质家族成员2)、细胞粘附分子(2型钙黏着蛋白19;髓性/淋巴性或混合系白血病;染色体21可读框29;IRRE样2同胞(Kin);层粘连蛋白α3;唾酸黏附素;CD84抗原(白细胞抗原);可溶性半乳糖苷结合性凝集素(半凝集素2);上皮V样抗原1;CD96抗原;肾小管间质性肾炎抗原;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子8;IL-18;免疫球蛋白超家族成员1;整合素β8;鸟氨酸氨基甲酰基Ornithine arbamoyl转移酶;整合素β6;接触蛋白相关蛋白样4;XVII型胶原α1;钙黏着蛋白样26;黏蛋白和钙黏着蛋白样)、细胞分化蛋白(受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶Z多肽1;α3-层粘连蛋白;CD84抗原(白细胞抗原);EDRF2;人类红细胞系分化相关因子2;肿瘤蛋白p73样;NB4凋亡/分化相关蛋白;人类PNAS-133;Similar to seven in absentia 2;白细胞介素24;角蛋白6B;角蛋白6A;脱氢酶/还原酶(SDR家族)成员9;间隙连接蛋白β5(连接蛋白31.1);Iroquois同源框蛋白质4;腹前同源框2;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体10;肿瘤坏死因子受体超家族成员17;电压依赖性钙离子通道β2亚基;帕金森病(青少年常染色体隐性)2帕金蛋白;(角质层胰凝乳蛋白酶性)激肽释放酶7;神经胶质细胞缺失同系物2;AP-2α;受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶Z多肽1;肌钙蛋白T1;Sciellin;葡萄糖胺基(N乙酰基)转移酶2,I-分支酶;XVII型胶原α1;细胞因子信号阻遏物2;Distal-less同源异型框1;合子停滞1;白细胞介素20;生长分化因子3;FGF-23;无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员8A)、细胞外:(染色体21可读框29;层粘连蛋白α3;层粘连蛋白β4;白细胞介素24;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白1;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体11;表面活性剂肺泡相关性蛋白A1;Prepronociceptin;5-羟色胺(血清素)受体3B;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子8;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体10;IL-18(干扰素γ诱导因子);乳运蛋白;清蛋白;Fas配体(TNF超家族成员6);烟碱胆碱能受体β肽4;Cathelicidin抗菌肽;呼吸道胰蛋白酶样蛋白酶;S100钙结合蛋白A9(钙粒蛋白B);TGF-α;激肽释放酶10;Kunitz型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物1;WNT1诱导性信号途径蛋白3;松弛素2;κ-干扰素;防卫素β103A;IL-20;透明带糖蛋白4;生长分化因子3;FGF-23;无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员8A;补体因子H相关5)、发育蛋白质(EPH受体A3;NIMA(有丝分裂基因a中从不存在的)相关激酶2;锌指蛋白282;TANK-结合激酶1;MRE11减数分裂重组11同系物A;E2F转录因子2;受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶Z多肽1;从X染色体表达的人类乳腺mRNA克隆161455;层粘连蛋白,α3;v-myb成髓细胞瘤病毒癌基因同系物(禽)样1;G-蛋白信号调节物11;微管相关蛋白2;跨膜蛋白16A;腺瘤性结肠息肉2;同源异型框HB9;着丝粒蛋白F,350/400ka(核分裂激素);CD84抗原(白细胞抗原);EDRF2;人类红细胞样分化相关因子2;肿瘤蛋白p73样;NB4凋亡/分化相关蛋白;人类PNAS-133;叉头盒P2;人类胃相关性差异表达蛋白YA61P(YA61);生腱蛋白N;染色体6可读框49;锌指蛋白462;锌指蛋白71(Cos26);SRY(性别决定区域Y)盒7;启动髓样细胞表面表达受体样4;白细胞介素24;妊娠特异性β-1-糖蛋白1;硫酸软骨素蛋白聚糖5(neuroglycan C);角蛋白6B;角蛋白6A;脱氢酶/还原酶(SDR家族)成员9;上皮V样抗原1;β5-间隙连接蛋白(连接蛋白31.1);G蛋白质偶联受体51;干扰素调节因子6;神经营养蛋白5(神经营养蛋白4/5);CD96抗原;Iroquois同源框蛋白质4;白细胞介素1受体样1;G-2和S期表达1;核受体亚家族2,E组成员3;腹前同源框2;锌指蛋白215;染色体4(独特)234上表达的DNA片段序列;癌胚抗原相关细胞粘附分子8;趋化因子(C-X-C基序)配体10;IL-18;吲哚胺-吡咯2,3二加氧酶;清蛋白;钙传感受体(低尿钙症高血钙症1,严重新生期甲状旁腺功能亢进);Fas配体(TNF超家族成员6);TNFR超家族成员17;钙离子通道,电压依赖的,β2亚基;帕金森病(常染色体隐性,青少年)2,帕金蛋白;(角质层胰凝乳蛋白酶性)激肽释放酶7;神经胶质细胞缺失同系物2;TGF-α;促甲状腺激素胚胎因子;AP-2α(活化增强子结合蛋白2α);激肽释放酶10;G蛋白信号调节物7;受体型蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶Z多肽1;Kunitz型丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制物1;WNT1诱导性信号途径蛋白3;Zic家族成员3heterotaxy1(odd-成对同系物,果蝇);TTK蛋白激酶;骨骼缓慢肌钙蛋白T1;Sciellin;X连锁TGFB诱导因子2样蛋白;激肽释放酶8(neuropsin/ovasin);葡萄糖胺基(N乙酰基)转移酶2,I-分支酶;锚蛋白重复序列结构域30A;松弛素2;XVII型胶原α1;前列腺内差异性表达的基因;磷酸酶和肌动蛋白调节物3;细胞因子信号阻遏物2;核受体4亚家族A组成员3;血管紧张素I转化酶(肽酰基-二肽酶A)1;假定蛋白MGC17986;Distal-less同源异型框1;LAG1长寿同系物3(酿酒酵母);合子停滞1;κ-干扰素;IL-20;ICEBERG胱天蛋白酶-1抑制物;生长分化因子3;FGF-23;睾丸表达序列15;无翼型MMTV整合位点家族成员8A;SRY(性别决定区域Y)盒7;肉碱缺乏相关性室内表达1;Prokineticin 1;CAMP响应元件结合蛋白3样3;胱天蛋白酶征召结构域家族成员15;FLJ23311蛋白质)。
实施例6:脐带上皮干细胞(UCEC)直接分化为皮肤表皮角质形成细胞
为了将脐带上皮干细胞UCEC细胞分化为皮肤表皮角质形成细胞,将UCEC细胞根据用于培养角质形成细胞的标准方案培养。细胞分离技术如上所述。随后将UCEC在无血清角质形成细胞生长培养基KGM、KGM-2(Cambrex)、EpiLife(Cascade Biologies)或在Green′s培养基中在经辐射或丝裂霉素C处理的3T3小鼠胚胎饲养层存在下于37℃、5%CO2培养。因此,UCEC细胞形态分化成为类似人表皮角质形成细胞。上皮细胞在光学显微镜下具有相似形态学并且可以使用常规的和商业可得到的培养基容易地转变为成纤维细胞(参考图2)。
免疫荧光分析显示培养的UCEC还表达表皮角质形成细胞分子标志如角蛋白、桥粒、半桥粒和基底膜成分(还参见图10,其显示UCEC通过表达多种的这类上皮细胞标志而大体上是合格的上皮细胞)。因此这些结果表明可以将本发明的脐带上皮祖细胞/干细胞分化为皮肤细胞如表皮角质形成细胞,其可以用于伤口愈合并且具有开发成为培养的皮肤等效物的巨大潜力。
实施例7:使用脐带内衬膜组织的重复组织外植来扩充脐带上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞
如下使用脐带羊膜组织的重复外植来扩充本发明的脐带上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞。简而言之,在第一天,将组织外植体于37℃、5%CO2接种在组织培养皿中的生长培养基内(DMEM/10%FCS、EpiLife,KGM、KGM-2或M171);培养基每2天或3天更换一次。细胞长出开始并且自外植体连续迁移持续7天。此后,将组织外植体转移至另一个培养皿以允许细胞进一步生长。这个过程持续进行直至外植体尺寸变小,阻止了进一步外植。在本文中,应当指出的是外植体尺寸进行性变小直至它们变得太小不能进一步组织外植,因为在细胞自组织外植体长出并迁出过程期间,细胞产生了消化和降解组织的蛋白酶。图16示意性说明了使用这种方法得到的脐带上皮干细胞和间充质干细胞迅速和强烈的扩充过程。因此,本研究证实可以从此来源得到高产量UCMC和UMEC细胞,这进一步反映了与其它来源的细胞如骨髓或脂肪来源干细胞相比这些细胞的高存活性和促生长特征。此外,作为实体组织,本文中所用的成功的重复外植技术证实可以从完整组织而不仅是某个部分中均一地提取本发明的细胞。这可以得到最大量的细胞,其可以经低传代衍生而不使细胞经过引起细胞退化的多次传代。
实施例8:脐带间充质细胞(UCMC)直接分化为皮肤真皮成纤维细胞
为了将脐带间充质干细胞UCMC细胞分化为皮肤真皮成纤维细胞,将其根据用于成纤维细胞的标准方案培养。细胞分离技术如上面实施例6中所述。随后将UCMC在DMEM或商业可得到的成纤维细胞生长培养基(FGM)中培养。因此,UCMC细胞形态分化成为类似人真皮成纤维细胞。间充质细胞在光学显微镜下具有相似形态并且可以使用常规的和商业可得到的培养基轻易地转变成成纤维细胞(参考图3)。
Claims (29)
1.用于自脐带羊膜分离干/祖细胞的方法,该方法包括:
(a)在体外将羊膜与脐带的其它成分分开;
(b)将步骤(a)中得到的羊膜组织在允许细胞增殖的条件下培养;和
(c)分离干/祖细胞。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其还包括:
(a″)在培养前通过选自酶消化分离法和直接的组织外植体法的方法分离羊膜组织的细胞。
3.权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中干/祖细胞具有胚胎干细胞样特性。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法,其中干/祖细胞是上皮干/祖细胞和/或间充质干/祖细胞。
5.权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其还包括:
(d)将干/祖细胞在允许细胞发生克隆扩充的条件下培养。
6.权利要求5所述的方法,其还包括:
(e)将干/祖细胞在允许所述细胞分化成上皮细胞和/或间充质细胞的条件下培养;和
(f)分离已分化的细胞。
7.权利要求6所述的方法,其中上皮细胞选自皮肤上皮细胞、毛囊细胞、角膜上皮细胞、结膜上皮细胞、视网膜上皮细胞、肝上皮细胞、肾上皮细胞、胰腺上皮细胞、食管上皮细胞、小肠上皮细胞、大肠上皮细胞、肺上皮细胞、呼吸道上皮细胞、膀胱上皮细胞和子宫上皮细胞。
8.权利要求6所述的方法,其中间充质细胞选自皮肤成纤维细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞、肌腱细胞、韧带成纤维细胞、心肌细胞、平滑肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、脂肪细胞、衍生自内分泌腺的细胞、神经外胚层细胞和神经外胚层细胞的全部变体和衍生细胞。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法,其还包括:
(g)保存已分离的干/祖细胞用于其它用途。
10.权利要求9所述的方法,其中保存通过使用深低温保藏进行。
11.通过权利要求1至10中任一项所述的方法从脐带羊膜分离的干/祖细胞。
12.细胞库,其包含通过权利要求1至10中任一项所述方法分离的干/祖细胞。
13.药物组合物,其包含通过权利要求1至10中任一项所述方法自脐带羊膜分离的干/祖细胞或其细胞提取物。
14.权利要求13所述的药物组合物,其中药物组合物适合于全身或局部应用。
15.权利要求13或14所述的药物组合物,其中适合于局部应用的药物组合物选自软膏、乳膏和洗剂。
16.治疗患病受试者的方法,其包括向受试者施用有效量的通过权利要求1至10中任一项所述方法分离的干/祖细胞。
17.权利要求16所述的治疗方法,其中疾病选自肿瘤性疾病、皮肤疾病、内脏内分泌缺陷和神经疾病。
18.权利要求17所述的方法,其中组织疾病是先天性或获得性组织缺陷。
19.权利要求17所述的方法,其中内脏内分泌缺陷选自胰岛素缺乏、与胰岛素缺乏相关的糖尿病、睾酮缺乏、贫血、低血糖症、高血糖症、胰腺缺陷、肾上腺缺陷和甲状腺异常。
20.权利要求17所述的方法,其中神经疾病是阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、Jacob Kreutzfeld病、卢·格里格病和亨廷顿舞蹈病。
21.权利要求17所述的方法,其中皮肤疾病是加速衰老或外伤。
22.权利要求17所述的方法,其中肿瘤性疾病是癌。
23.权利要求22所述的方法,其中癌选自鳞状细胞癌、乳腺导管和小叶癌、肝细胞癌、鼻咽癌、肺癌、骨癌、胰腺癌、皮肤癌、头部或颈部癌、皮肤或眼内恶性黑素瘤、子宫癌、卵巢癌、直肠癌、肛区癌、胃癌、结肠癌、乳癌、睾丸癌、子宫癌、输卵管癌、子宫内膜癌、宫颈癌、阴道癌、外阴癌、霍奇金病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤、食道癌、小肠癌、内分泌系统癌、甲状腺癌、甲状旁腺癌、肾上腺癌、软组织肉瘤、尿道癌、阴茎癌、前列腺癌、慢性或急性白血病、儿童实体瘤、淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤、膀胱癌、肾或输尿管癌、肾细胞癌、肾盂癌、中枢神经系统(CNS)瘤、原发性CNS淋巴瘤、肿瘤血管生成、脊柱轴肿瘤、脑干神经胶质瘤、垂体腺瘤、卡波西肉瘤、表皮样癌或此类癌的任意组合,包括其散布(转移)形式。
24.如权利要求11中所定义干/祖细胞的用途,其用于产生生物分子。
25.权利要求24所述的用途,其中生物分子选自蛋白质、肽、有机小分子、寡糖、多糖、蛋白聚糖和脂。
26.如权利要求11中所定义干/祖细胞的用途,其作为哺乳动物细胞培养中的饲养层。
27.培养如权利要求11中所定义干/祖细胞的方法,包括:
自脐带羊膜得到组织外植体;
将该组织外植体在合适培养基和培养条件下培养达到合适时间阶段。
28.权利要求27所述的方法,其还包括使组织外植体接触新鲜培养基并且在合适条件下连续培养达到合适时间阶段。
29.无血清细胞培养基的用途,用于培养通过权利要求1至10中任一项所述方法得到的间充质干细胞。
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