CN100410636C - Circuit modular of APD signle photon detection - Google Patents
Circuit modular of APD signle photon detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN100410636C CN100410636C CNB2004100170757A CN200410017075A CN100410636C CN 100410636 C CN100410636 C CN 100410636C CN B2004100170757 A CNB2004100170757 A CN B2004100170757A CN 200410017075 A CN200410017075 A CN 200410017075A CN 100410636 C CN100410636 C CN 100410636C
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the class of quantum secret communication and particularly relates to a circuit module of APD (Avalanche Photo Diode) single photon detection, which is suppressed by a narrow gate pulse of capacity balance The circuit module is mainly composed of a signal detection circuit, a signal amplifying circuit, a balance suppressing circuit and a logic signal generating circuit, wherein the circuit connection, the parameter selection of components of the balance suppressing circuit except for a variable capacitor CO are in full accord with the signal detection circuit and the signal amplifying circuit by one-to-one correspondence. The present invention has the advantages that the present invention can detect single photons in a near infrared band and can effectively neutralize shocks and over charge which are caused by high-amplitude narrow pulses and gate pulses by adopting a balanced mode of symmetric circuits; the present invention also has the advantages of noise reduction, high detection efficiency, low noise and high detection time precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the quantum secret communication class, relate to the circuit module of the APD single photon detection that the kissing gate pulse of capacitance balancing suppresses concretely, realize the detection of near-infrared band single photon.
Background technology
Quantum secret communication is based on the communication of light quantum, information loads on the single photon, and transmit by single photon, unknown quantum state can not be cloned, measure quantum and can change quantum state, the listener-in just can not obtain information and not be found like this, and therefore in quantum secret communication, single photon detection has very important effect.The single-photon detector that uses in the quantum secret communication system mainly is an avalanche photo diode (APD).The APD that uses mainly contains three kinds at present, be silicon avalanche photodiode (Si-APD), germanium avalanche photodiode (Ge-APD) and indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodide (InGaAs-APD), the wavelength that they are corresponding different respectively, Si-APD operates mainly in 400nm～1100nm, Ge-APD is at 800nm～1550nm, and InGaAs-APD is then at 900nm～1700nm.For the overlapping part of spectral response, InGaAs-APD has the frequency response characteristic of lower noise and Geng Gao, has therefore replaced Ge-APD basically.The single-photon detector of making of Si-APD is under-20 ℃ condition, and at 700～800nm wave band, detection efficiency can surpass 60%, and noise is 10
-6～10
-7/ ns; At 1310～1550nm wave band, Si-APD can not be used to carry out single photon detection; With the single-photon detector that InGaAs-APD makes, under-100 ℃～-60 ℃ condition, at the 1550nm wave band, its detection efficiency is about 10%, and noise is 10
-6～10
-5/ ns.The single-photon detector of making of Si-APD has been tending towards ripe gradually.
In single photon detection, APD is operated under so-called " Geiger mode angular position digitizer ", and under this pattern, the bias voltage at avalanche photodide two ends when photon signal arrives APD, causes snowslide greater than avalanche voltage.In order to produce response to next photon signal, need take certain inhibition circuit, promptly be suppressed after snowslide is taken place, and make APD return to the state that receives photon.Usually the mode of taking has: passive inhibition, active suppress and gate pulse suppression mode (gate-mode), and wherein passive suppression mode detection efficiency is low, noise is big; Initiatively suppression mode is mainly used in the detection of the time of arrival of light signal at random, also can be used for the detection of cyclical signal, but it is relevant with this body structure of APD, is not that all APD are suitable for; Usually adopt the gate pulse suppression mode when the detect cycle light signal, the gate pulse suppression mode does not require the APD structure, and it is relatively convenient, effective, also both economical to implement.The general gate pulse suppression mode that adopts in quantum secret communication, its detection efficiency is higher relatively, and noise is also relatively low.
Existing gate pulse suppression mode normally only adds gate pulse at APD one end, when gate pulse narrow, generally when 50ns is following, the signal that discharges and recharges of APD connects together, between do not have flat site, this moment is when having photon to arrive, the avalanche signal that APD produces will be superimposed upon it and discharge and recharge on the signal, because avalanche signal is much smaller with respect to discharging and recharging signal, have no idea to differentiate concussion that causes owing to burst pulse and the overshoot signal collection that can influence signal simultaneously; The portal vein of therefore existing gate pulse suppression mode is wide all than broad, when gate pulse during than broad discharging and recharging of APD one section smooth zone is arranged between the signal, if have photon to arrive at this section flat site, the avalanche signal that APD produces can be detected, but noise ratio is bigger, and the detection time precision is not accurate enough.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, a kind of circuit module that can survey near-infrared single photon under kissing gate pulse suppression mode is provided, adopt the capacitance balancing suppressor mode, can be under very narrow gate pulse situation, effectively offset discharging and recharging, overcharge and ring of gate pulse generation, identify faint comparatively speaking avalanche signal comparatively exactly.
The object of the invention realizes being finished by following technical scheme:
The present invention is by signal detection circuit, signal amplification circuit, the generation circuit that balance suppresses circuit and logical signal constitutes, wherein combinational circuit that detection circuit and signal amplification circuit constituted and balance suppress to be connected with between the circuit generation circuit of logical signal, wherein balance suppresses circuit, except that variable capacitance C0, choosing with the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation of its circuit connection and each component parameter is in full accord, corresponding one by one, corresponding to the use of variable capacitance C0 place in the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation is avalanche photodide APD.
The invention has the advantages that, can realize detection, adopt the symmetric circuit balanced mode, effectively offset the concussion that the pulse of high-amplitude kissing gate caused and overcharge, reduce noise the near-infrared band single photon, the detection efficiency height, noise is low, detection time precision height.
Summary of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 utilizes the circuit theory diagrams of indium gallium arsenic avalanche photodide InGaAs-APD to single photon detection for the embodiment of the invention 1;
Accompanying drawing 2 is the embodiment of the invention 2 circuit theory diagrams;
Concrete technical scheme
Feature of the present invention and other correlated characteristic are described in further detail by embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, so that technician's of the same trade understanding:
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, present embodiment is made of the generation circuit that signal detection circuit, signal amplification circuit, balance suppress circuit and logical signal, wherein detection circuit connects signal amplification circuit, and combinational circuit that detection circuit and signal amplification circuit constituted and balance suppress to be connected with between the circuit generation circuit of logical signal.
Above-mentioned signal detection circuit is by capacitor C 2, resistance R 7, R8, and avalanche photodide APD constitutes, and wherein C2 is a coupling capacitance, and the one end is connected with gate pulse, and an other end is connected with the APD negative electrode; R7 one end links to each other with high pressure HV, and an other end links to each other with the APD negative electrode; R8 is a sample resistance, and the one end links to each other with the APD anode, an other end ground connection.The main effect of signal detection circuit is to utilize APD to survey light signal, and converts light signal to electric signal.
Since more weak by the electric signal that APD converts to, therefore need add the amplification circuit in the back, so that relatively, signal amplification circuit is by resistance R 5, R6, triode Q2 constitutes, and is common-base amplification circuit.Wherein R5 one end is connected with positive supply, and an other end links to each other with the collector of triode Q2; Triode Q2 base earth, emitter connects negative supply by R6, links to each other with the anode of comparer when collector is connected with R5.
Diode D2 is connected between signal detection circuit and the signal amplification circuit, plays buffer action, and its anode links to each other with the APD anode, and negative electrode links to each other with the Q2 emitter.
Balance suppresses circuit by resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, capacitor C 0, C1, diode D1, triode Q1 constitutes, except that variable capacitance C0, choosing of its circuit connection and each component parameter is in full accord, corresponding one by one with the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation, and corresponding to the use of variable capacitance C0 place in the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation is avalanche photodide APD.
The generation circuit of logical signal is by comparer comp, and monostalbe trigger M forms.Comparer compares the generation logical signal by the signal to positive-negative input end, and this signal triggering monostalbe trigger carries out exporting after the shaping.
The combinational circuit that balance inhibition circuit and acquisition of signal amplifying circuit constitute is symmetrical fully except that variable capacitance C0, and its effect is when not having photon irradiation, and when promptly APD snowslide did not take place, the signal of generation and APD common mode played the balance inhibiting effect; The signal that balance inhibition circuit and acquisition of signal amplifying circuit produce enters negative just two input ends of comparer respectively, by relatively producing logical signal, when not having rayed, be common-mode signal, do not have signal output, when illumination, acquisition of signal amplifying circuit one end suppresses circuit one end than balance has Duoed an avalanche signal, and this signal is a difference mode signal, exports a logical signal by comparer, through exporting after the monostalbe trigger shaping, be convenient to counting.
The present embodiment utilization adopts the avalanche photodide single-photon detector of capacitance balancing gate pulse suppression mode to realize the near-infrared single photon detection, and the components and parts of use can followingly be selected:
C1：100pF C2：100pF
R1：20kΩ R2：100Ω R3：3.3kΩ R4：4.7kΩ
R5：3.3kΩ R6：4.7kΩ R7：20kΩ R8：100Ω
D1：IN4148 D2：IN4148
Q1：2SD601 Q2：2SD601
Comp high-speed comparator: AD96685
M monostable trigger: MC10198
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 2, the present embodiment principle is identical with embodiment 1, the generation circuit that is suppressed circuit and logical signal by signal detection circuit, signal amplification circuit, balance constitutes, wherein detection circuit connects signal amplification circuit, and combinational circuit that detection circuit and signal amplification circuit constituted and balance suppress to be connected with between the circuit generation circuit of logical signal.
Connecting to form of the generation circuit of signal detection circuit wherein and logical signal is identical with embodiment 1, different is that its signal amplification circuit adopts an integrated operational amplifier ampl2 to replace triode Q2, the anode of diode D2 links to each other with the APD anode, and negative electrode links to each other with the input end of integrated operational amplifier ampl2.
Balance suppresses circuit by resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, capacitor C 0, C1, diode D1, integrated operational amplifier ampl1 constitutes, except that variable capacitance C0, choosing of its circuit connection and each component parameter is in full accord, corresponding one by one with the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation, and corresponding to the use of variable capacitance C0 place in the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation is avalanche photodide APD.
Those skilled in the art obviously can recognize, are not limited to foregoing for signal amplification circuit here, as long as can realize amplifying, utilization transistor or operational amplifier integrated package (as opa300, opa842 etc.) all can; For the comparer in the logical signal generation circuit, as long as its frequency should be able to reach requirement of experiment mutually, can be the ECL element equally, also can be the TTL element, as max913, max9685 etc.
The condition of work that the foregoing description adopts is: working temperature-60 ℃; (HV) avalanche voltage a little less than avalanche photo diode (APD) adds high pressure in the circuit; Regulating variable capacitance C0 makes its capacitance just equal the junction capacity of APD; Gate pulse is 10Vp-p, pulsewidth 10ns (perhaps narrower as 2ns, as only to be example here with 10ns) repetition frequency 100kHz.
The foregoing description is divided into two kinds of duties: static state and avalanche condition.
When not adding gate pulse in the circuit, the APD both end voltage is lower than avalanche voltage, snowslide does not take place, circuit is in the quiescent operation state, at this moment, A (R2 and C0 tie point), 2 signals of B (APD anode) are the electric capacity charging signals, because C0 equals the APD junction capacity, so this two level point is identical, amplify through Q1 (or ampl1) and Q2 (or ampl2) more respectively, here Q1, Q2 is the very high frequency transistor of consistent same model of characteristic, ampl1, ampl2 is the high-frequency operational amplifier of the same model of characteristic unanimity, and it is anti-that two paths of signals enters comparer respectively through identical amplification, positive input terminal is because the signal at input comparator two ends is in full accord at this moment, belong to common-mode signal, so comparer does not have signal output at this moment.
When having gate pulse to arrive in the circuit, the 10ns that continues in gate pulse is in the time, and 2 signals of A, B are the signal that discharges and recharges of a 10ns.The APD both end voltage surpasses avalanche voltage this moment, is operated under " Geiger mode angular position digitizer ", and single photon is responded.Suppose that this is carved with a photon and incides APD, owing to be operated under " Geiger mode angular position digitizer ", this photon excitation plays snowslide, and resistance R 8 has avalanche current to flow through, this moment, the B point had a faint avalanche signal to be superimposed upon original discharging and recharging on the signal, was amplified into comparer through Q2 (or ampl2); A point signal only for discharging and recharging signal, is amplified into comparer through Q1 (or ampl1); Because gate pulse that two ends add is identical, amplify at two ends, and to discharge and recharge signal identical, it is common-mode signal, cancel out each other, and the avalanche signal through amplifying is that this end of APD is exclusive, and it is a difference mode signal, so produced a logical signal through comparer, output after the monostalbe trigger shaping is again counted by counter.
Present embodiment and passive suppression mode circuit are compared as follows: T=-60 ℃, and f=100kHz,
| Detection efficiency | Noise (per nanosecond) | |
| Passive suppression mode | 9.58％ | 4.0×10 -5 |
| The gate pulse suppression mode | 10.6％ | 6.3×10 -6 |
Claims (6)
1. the circuit module of the APD single photon detection of a gate pulse balanced mode, comprise signal detection circuit, the generation circuit of signal amplification circuit and logical signal, it is characterized in that also comprising that balance suppresses circuit, this balance suppresses circuit and uses identical gate pulse with signal detection circuit, wherein detection circuit connects signal amplification circuit, combinational circuit that detection circuit and signal amplification circuit constituted and balance suppress to be connected with between the circuit generation circuit of logical signal, described balance suppresses circuit, except that variable capacitance C0, choosing with the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation of its circuit connection and each component parameter is in full accord, and corresponding to the use of variable capacitance C0 place in the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation is avalanche photodide APD.
2. the circuit module of the APD single photon detection of a kind of gate pulse balanced mode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described balance suppresses circuit by resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, capacitor C 0, C1, diode D1, triode Q1 constitutes, signal enters described balance from C1 and suppresses circuit, the other end of C1 connects high-voltage power supply by R1, join with C0 simultaneously, C0 and R2 polyphone ground connection, D1 is by drawing in the middle of C0 and the R2, and its other end connects negative supply through R4, connect the emitter of Q1 simultaneously, the base earth of Q1, the collector of Q1 connects positive supply through R3, connects the negative input end of comparer comp simultaneously, except that variable capacitance C0, choosing with the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation of circuit connection and each component parameter is in full accord, corresponding one by one.
3. the circuit module of the APD single photon detection of a kind of gate pulse balanced mode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described balance suppresses circuit by resistance R 1, R2, R3, R4, capacitor C 0, C1, diode D1, integrated operational amplifier amp11 constitutes, signal enters described balance from C1 and suppresses circuit, the other end of C1 connects high-voltage power supply by R1, join with C0 simultaneously, C0 and R2 polyphone ground connection, D1 is by drawing in the middle of C0 and the R2, the positive input terminal of its another termination amp11, the negative input end of amp11 is through R3 ground connection, simultaneously connect its output terminal through R4, the negative input end of its output termination comparer comp is except that variable capacitance C0, and choosing with the combinational circuit of acquisition of signal and amplifying circuit formation of its circuit connection and each component parameter is in full accord, corresponding one by one.
4. the circuit module of the APD single photon detection of a kind of gate pulse balanced mode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described signal detection circuit is by capacitor C 2, resistance R 7, R8, avalanche photodide APD constitutes, and wherein C2 is a coupling capacitance, the one end is connected with gate pulse, an other end is connected with the APD negative electrode, links to each other with R7 simultaneously, and the R7 other end links to each other with high pressure HV, the APD anode links to each other with sample resistance R8, the other end ground connection of R8.
5. the circuit module of the APD single photon detection of a kind of gate pulse balanced mode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described signal amplification circuit is made of resistance R 5, R6, triode Q2, diode D2, be common-base amplification circuit, wherein the anode of diode D2 links to each other with the APD anode, the negative electrode of D2 connects negative supply by R6, connect the emitter of triode Q2 simultaneously, the base earth of Q2, the collector of triode Q2 is connected with positive supply through R5, links to each other with the anode of comparer in the generation circuit of logical signal simultaneously.
6. the circuit module of the APD single photon detection of a kind of gate pulse balanced mode according to claim 1 is characterized in that described signal amplification circuit is made of an integrated operational amplifier amp12, resistance R 5, R6, diode D2.Wherein the anode of diode D2 links to each other with the APD anode, and the negative electrode of D2 connects the positive input terminal of amp12, and the negative input end of amp12 connects output terminal through R6 simultaneously through R5 ground connection, the positive input terminal of its output termination comparer comp.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100170757A CN100410636C (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Circuit modular of APD signle photon detection |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004100170757A CN100410636C (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2004-03-19 | Circuit modular of APD signle photon detection |
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| CN1563918A CN1563918A (en) | 2005-01-12 |
| CN100410636C true CN100410636C (en) | 2008-08-13 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100458383C (en) * | 2005-11-23 | 2009-02-04 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Method for collecting snowslide signal of APD single photon detector |
| CN101170362B (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2011-01-12 | 华东师范大学 | APD single photon detection circuit module |
| CN102072774B (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2012-07-04 | 西安交通大学 | Single-photon counting system for measuring weak luminescence of dielectric medium |
| CN102332895B (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2013-08-28 | 广东美的电器股份有限公司 | Continuous narrow pulse inhibition circuit for high-voltage integration circuit |
| CN104218917A (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2014-12-17 | 安徽问天量子科技股份有限公司 | Self-difference filter device for eliminating peak noise of APD (avalanche photoelectric diode) avalanche signal output end |
| CN104990632A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-10-21 | 华中科技大学 | Gate control difference single-photon detection system |
| CN109443557B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-11-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Single photon pulse arrival time detection device |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4945227A (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1990-07-31 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Avalanche photodiode quenching circuit |
| US4963727A (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1990-10-16 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Active quenching circuit for avalanche photodiodes |
| US5194727A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1993-03-16 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Avalanche photodiode quenching circuit wtih resetting means having a second amplifier |
| US6541752B2 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2003-04-01 | Politecnico Di Milano | Monolithic circuit of active quenching and active reset for avalanche photodiodes |
| JP2003243694A (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2003-08-29 | Hioki Ee Corp | Method and device for detecting single photon |
-
2004
- 2004-03-19 CN CNB2004100170757A patent/CN100410636C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4945227A (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1990-07-31 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Avalanche photodiode quenching circuit |
| US4963727A (en) * | 1988-10-20 | 1990-10-16 | Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche | Active quenching circuit for avalanche photodiodes |
| US5194727A (en) * | 1989-07-03 | 1993-03-16 | The Secretary Of State For Defence In Her Britannic Majesty's Government Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland | Avalanche photodiode quenching circuit wtih resetting means having a second amplifier |
| US6541752B2 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2003-04-01 | Politecnico Di Milano | Monolithic circuit of active quenching and active reset for avalanche photodiodes |
| JP2003243694A (en) * | 2002-02-13 | 2003-08-29 | Hioki Ee Corp | Method and device for detecting single photon |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| APD单光子探测技术. 张鹏飞等.光电子技术与信息，第16卷第6期. 2003 |
| APD单光子探测技术. 张鹏飞等.光电子技术与信息，第16卷第6期. 2003 * |
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