CN104677511B - A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function - Google Patents
A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function Download PDFInfo
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- CN104677511B CN104677511B CN201510065738.0A CN201510065738A CN104677511B CN 104677511 B CN104677511 B CN 104677511B CN 201510065738 A CN201510065738 A CN 201510065738A CN 104677511 B CN104677511 B CN 104677511B
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Abstract
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the present invention includes：Resistance R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, diode D1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2.Resistance R1, resistance R3, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, comparator IC1 and the rheostat W1 composition adjustable comparators of threshold values.Resistance R2, resistance R4, resistance R5, diode D1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3 and operational amplifier IC2 composition dynamic regulation comparators compare the integrating circuit of threshold values.The noise that the present invention is exported using integrating circuit to discriminator touches pulse and is integrated, and dynamic is adjusted the comparison threshold values progress according to integrated value to comparator in real time, system is obtained optimal detection sensitivity.The present invention has the advantages that low simple in construction, cost, small power consumption, real-time controlling are good, is effectively reduced the influence of system environments change.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function.
Background technology
Single-photon detecting survey technology is a kind of atomic weak light detection technology, is led in high-resolution spectra measurement, bioluminescence, quantum
Letter, atmosphere pollution detection, non-destructive species analysis, radioactivity detection, astronomical light-metering, optical time domain reflection, fiber distribution sensing etc.
Field has a wide range of applications.The photoelectric receiving device that single-photon detecting survey technology is used mainly has photomultiplier, avalanche optoelectronic
Diode and superconducting nano-wire single-photon detectors.In the single-photon detection system using these photoelectric receiving devices,
Noise pulse can produce spurious count, so that the detectivity to system is impacted.The spurious count master of single-photon detection system
To be counted from dark counting and afterpulse.Dark counting is mainly derived from the potential well of thermal excitation, tunneling and the fault location that adulterates,
Thermal excitation can make electronics transit to blanking bar from filled band, while hole can be produced in filled band, these electron holes are through avalanche multiplication
Afterwards, spurious count can be produced, i.e., so-called dark counting.Afterpulse system relevant with signal photon, due to the doping defect of photoelectric device
Place forms potential well, and potential well captures carrier and discharged in follow-up time during avalanche signal, in next snowslide electricity
Possible triggering avalanche signal when pressing pulse-triggered, causes spurious count.
Counted for afterpulse, system can be eliminated by increasing the trigger interval of snowslide pulse voltage, when snowslide arteries and veins
The trigger interval for rushing voltage is sufficiently large（A few more than μ s）, the influence that afterpulse is counted is with regard to very little, and the spurious count of system is main
Depending on dark counting.The method of tradition reduction dark counting is mainly the temperature for reducing photoelectric device by using cooling technic and comes real
It is existing, but this can undoubtedly increase the power consumption, cost and volume of system.Another method is by the mirror in single-photon detection system
Fixed optimal of other device circuit configuration one compares threshold values to obtain optimal dark counting pulse generation rate, to obtain optimal detection
Sensitivity.But because the dark noise state of system can change with the change of environmental aspect, this means that comparing threshold values also needs
Make corresponding adjustment in real time according to different noise states, therefore, fixed threshold values Faxian can not so meet this requirement.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of simple in construction, cost is low, single photon meter with threshold values automatic control function
Number discriminator circuit.
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the present invention includes：Resistance R1, resistance R2,
Resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, two poles
Pipe D1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2；Electric capacity C5 one end is input, the positive terminal of the other end and comparator IC1
It is connected, one end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 are in parallel is connected direct current jointly with comparator IC1 power end and resistance R1 one end
The other end after power supply, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 are in parallel is connected to the ground, the resistance R1 other end and rheostat W1 one end, variable resistance
End of oppisite phase again with comparator IC1 is connected after one end of device W1 convertible tip, electric capacity C6 one end and resistance R5 is connected, variable resistance
The device W1 other end and the electric capacity C6 other end and comparator IC1 earth terminal are connected to the ground, resistance R3 one end and electricity
Hinder R2 one end and comparator IC1 output end is connected, the resistance R3 other end is output end, the resistance R2 other end and two poles
Pipe D1 positive terminal is connected, resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 it is in parallel after one end and diode D1 end of oppisite phase and operational amplifier
IC2 positive terminal is connected, resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 it is in parallel after the other end, electric capacity C3 one end and operational amplifier IC2
Earth terminal is connected to the ground, and operational amplifier IC2 end of oppisite phase and operational amplifier IC2 output end and resistance R5's is another
End is connected, and the electric capacity C3 other end is connected after being connected with operational amplifier IC2 power end with dc source.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the present invention utilizes suitable integrating circuit
The noise count pulse that discriminator is exported is integrated, and real-time dynamic is carried out to the comparison threshold values of discriminator according to integrated value
Adjustment, so that system obtains optimum signal-noise ratio.This is of the invention to compare with traditional cooling technic, with simple in construction, cost
The advantages of low, small power consumption；Compared with traditional fixation threshold method, the real-time controlling of circuit of the present invention is good, is effectively reduced system
The influence of environmental change, makes system obtain optimal detection sensitivity.Sternly bad, the high situation of noise count ratio in detection environment
Under, the effect that the invention is produced is especially notable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the single photon counting discriminator circuit schematic diagram with threshold values automatic control function of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is present invention application principle block diagram in single-photon detector system.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Reference picture 1, the single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function of the invention includes：Resistance
R1, resistance R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5,
Electric capacity C6, diode D1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2；Electric capacity C5 one end is input IN, and the other end is with being compared
Device IC1 positive terminal is connected, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 it is in parallel after power end and resistance R1 one end of the one end with comparator IC1
The other end after common connection dc source Vcc, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 are in parallel is connected to the ground, resistance the R1 other end and variable resistance
Device W1 one end, rheostat W1 convertible tip, electric capacity C6 one end and resistance R5 one end be connected after again with comparator IC1's
End of oppisite phase is connected, and the rheostat W1 other end and the electric capacity C6 other end and comparator IC1 earth terminal are connected to the ground, electricity
Resistance R3 one end is connected with resistance R2 one end and comparator IC1 output end, and the resistance R3 other end is output end OUT, electricity
The resistance R2 other end is connected with diode D1 positive terminal, and one end and the diode D1's after resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 parallel connections is anti-phase
End and operational amplifier IC2 positive terminal are connected, the other end, electric capacity C3 one end after resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 are in parallel and
Operational amplifier IC2 earth terminal is connected to the ground, operational amplifier IC2 end of oppisite phase and operational amplifier IC2 output end
And the resistance R5 other end is connected, the electric capacity C3 other end is connected afterwards and dc source with operational amplifier IC2 power end
Vcc is connected.
In Fig. 1, IN is signal input part, and the output end with the amplifier of single-photon detection system is connected when in use.Electricity
Appearance C5 is capacitance, for isolated DC signal.Resistance R1 and rheostat W1 composition potential-divider networks, are the anti-of comparator IC1
Phase output terminal provides adjustable initial comparison voltage.Electric capacity C6 is used for the AC signal for filtering out comparator IC1 end of oppisite phase.Electric capacity C1
A good AC earth passage is provided with the power end that the electric capacity C4 parallel networks constituted are mainly comparator, to prevent ground
The interference of line bounce-back signal and other noises.Resistance R3 as comparator output isolation resistance.When in use, output end
OUT needs to be connected with the counter input in single-photon detection system.Resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4 and computing
Amplifier IC2 constitutes an integrating circuit, and the integrating circuit can be accumulated to the comparator IC2 counting start pulse signals exported
Point, and the magnitude of voltage related to noise pulse incidence size is exported, matched resistance R5 gives comparator IC1 end of oppisite phase,
With the comparison threshold voltage Vc for the end of oppisite phase for changing comparator IC1 in real time, discriminator is set to export an optimal noise pulse hair
Raw rate, makes system obtain optimal detection sensitivity.Operational amplifier IC2 constitutes a follower, mainly plays cushioning effect.Electric capacity
C3 is mainly that the power end of follower provides a good AC earth passage, to prevent ground wire rebounds from signal and other making an uproar
The interference of sound.
Comparator IC1 can use MAX9600, MAX913 of high speed integrated comparator, such as production of Maxim companies, can root
Require to select suitable model according to the speed responsive of whole system.Operational amplifier IC2 can use high speed operation amplifier, such as
The LMH6624 of National companies production, also can choose cost performance best according to the operating frequency requirements of single-photon detection system
Model.Diode D1 uses quick Schottky diode, such as MUR160.Electric capacity C2 should use high stable, low distributed constant
High speed ceramic disc capacitor.Electric capacity C1, electric capacity C3 should use the high speed ceramic disc capacitor of low distributed constant, and value is 0.1 μ F or so,
It can be replaced with multiple high speed ceramic disc capacitors in parallel.Electric capacity C4 should use tantalum electric capacity, and value is 10 μ F or so.Dc source Vcc
The integrated circuit that is visually used of value difference and take, generally 3.3V or 5V.In order to reduce the influence of device distributed inductance,
Device used is tried one's best and seals dress using the surface of small size.When making printed circuit board (PCB), to reduce circuit board distribution less as far as possible
The influence of parameter, should follow fast circuit design principle designing printed circuit board, such as：The arrangement of component should be as far as possible compact, device
Lead between part should be as far as possible short, should set ground wire of large area etc..
The electricity of the single photon counting discriminator with threshold values automatic control function of the present invention is expanded on further with reference to Fig. 2
The operation principle on road.Fig. 2 is a kind of single-photon detection system of the pole of use avalanche optoelectronic two, in order to improve the snow of avalanche diode
Gain is collapsed, detectivity is improved, the avalanche photodide APD of the system is in Geiger mode angular position digitizer（Geiger mode）Under, i.e.,
Reverse bias voltage is higher than the working method of avalanche voltage.During bias voltage is higher than avalanche voltage, effective single photon will be touched
Send out APD and produce avalanche signal, in order to detect next photon, it is necessary to bias voltage is reduced to below avalanche voltage, makes snowslide
Diode recovery is to original state.This mode of operation can not only improve the life-span of avalanche diode, and be effectively reduced
Dark counting.In Fig. 2 systems, when effective single photon is not reached, APD bias voltage is provided by DC offset voltage, and this is straight
The avalanche voltage that bias voltage is less than APD is flowed, now APD is in muting sensitive original state.When effective single photon is reached, meter
Calculation machine control system CPU sends a trigger signal to pulsed bias, and trigger pulse bias voltage sends an arteries and veins to APD
Voltage is rushed, APD was in avalanche voltage state, so that APD produces snowslide pulse signal under the triggering of effective single photon, should
Snowslide pulse signal amplifies through amplifier, gives comparator IC1 positive terminal, comparator is exported a digital counting triggering arteries and veins
Rush signal and give counter through resistance R3, counter carries out accumulated counts to the counting trigger pulse received every time and will be final
Result give CPU, CPU by the final accumulated counts value of counter divided by it is total cross snowslide triggering times, obtain useful photon
Acquisition probability and interpretation of result is measured according to probability size.In Fig. 2 systems, resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity
C2, resistance R4, operational amplifier IC2 constitute an integrating circuit, and the integrating circuit can be triggered to the counting that comparator IC2 is exported
Pulse signal is integrated, and exports the magnitude of voltage related to noise pulse incidence size, when noise pulse incidence is excessive
When, the magnitude of voltage of integrator output is also big, the comparison threshold voltage Vc of comparator IC1 end of oppisite phase is also become big, so as to suppress
The change of noise pulse incidence is big.Conversely, when noise pulse incidence is too small, the magnitude of voltage of integrator output diminishes, and makes
The comparison threshold voltage Vc of comparator IC1 end of oppisite phase also diminishes, to there is more effectively single photon signal pulses to pass through.Should
Integrator compares the method for threshold values by adjusting comparator in real time, enables the system to overcome the influence of environmental change, obtains optimal visit
Survey sensitivity.It is sternly bad in system detection environment, in the case that noise count ratio is high, the effect of the discriminator circuit generation of the invention
Fruit is especially notable.
In the integrating circuit being made up of resistance R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2, resistance R4, operational amplifier IC2, resistance
R2, diode D1, electric capacity C2 composition charge circuits, its charge constant are about R2 × C2, electric capacity C2, resistance R4 composition electric discharge
Loop, its discharge time constant is R4 × C2.In order that comparator IC1 comparison threshold values Vc can obtain an optimal dynamic value.
The correct value of charging constant and electric discharge constant is extremely important, and generally charging constant should be far below electric discharge constant, and its ratio should be regarded
Depending on system status, if the typical pulse-widths of noise pulse are 30ns or so, and relative to optimal detectivity, noise arteries and veins
The generation average time interval of punching is 4ms or so, and the ratio of electric discharge constant and charging constant about takes 150 or so.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function, it is characterized in that including：Resistance R1, resistance
R2, resistance R3, resistance R4, resistance R5, rheostat W1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, electric capacity C4, electric capacity C5, electric capacity C6, two
Pole pipe D1, comparator IC1 and operational amplifier IC2；Electric capacity C5 one end is input IN, and the other end and comparator IC1 are just
Phase end is connected, and one end after electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 are in parallel is connected jointly with comparator IC1 power end and resistance R1 one end
The other end after dc source Vcc, electric capacity C1 and electric capacity C4 are in parallel is connected to the ground, the resistance R1 other end and the one of rheostat W1
End of oppisite phase phase again with comparator IC1 after end, rheostat W1 convertible tip, electric capacity C6 one end and resistance R5 one end are connected
Even, the rheostat W1 other end and the electric capacity C6 other end and comparator IC1 earth terminal are connected to the ground, and the one of resistance R3
End is connected with resistance R2 one end and comparator IC1 output end, and the resistance R3 other end is output end OUT, and resistance R2's is another
One end is connected with diode D1 positive terminal, one end after resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 are in parallel and diode D1 end of oppisite phase and fortune
The positive terminal for calculating amplifier IC2 is connected, resistance R4 and electric capacity C2 it is in parallel after the other end, electric capacity C3 one end and operation amplifier
Device IC2 earth terminal is connected to the ground, operational amplifier IC2 end of oppisite phase and operational amplifier IC2 output end and resistance
The R5 other end is connected, and the electric capacity C3 other end is connected after being connected with operational amplifier IC2 power end with dc source Vcc.
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| CN111294013B (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2023-11-03 | 深圳美祥生物医疗科技有限公司 | Circuit and method for improving signal-to-noise ratio of pulse signal |
| CN110207836B (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2024-06-25 | 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所 | Single photon detector and high-voltage fast regulating circuit thereof |
| TW202205687A (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-02-01 | 日商索尼半導體解決方案公司 | Optical detection circuit and distance measurement device |
| CN112702021B (en) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-02-24 | 上海禾赛科技有限公司 | Circuit and method for acquiring breakdown voltage of photodiode |
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| GB2336902B (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 2002-03-13 | Raytheon Co | System and method for discriminating between direct and reflected electromagnetic energy |
| CN202160162U (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2012-03-07 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Single photon counting amplification and discrimination circuit |
| CN102538988A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2012-07-04 | 南京邮电大学 | Quenching and reading circuit for single photon avalanche diode imaging device |
| CN204535862U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-05 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7126386B2 (en) * | 2001-10-25 | 2006-10-24 | Nova R&D, Inc. | Multi-channel integrated circuit |
| JP2011521212A (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2011-07-21 | コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ | Counting detector |
| AU2012292250A1 (en) * | 2011-07-20 | 2014-01-23 | Dectris Ltd. | Photon counting imaging method and device with instant retrigger capability |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2336902B (en) * | 1997-08-01 | 2002-03-13 | Raytheon Co | System and method for discriminating between direct and reflected electromagnetic energy |
| CN202160162U (en) * | 2011-07-18 | 2012-03-07 | 中国科学院武汉物理与数学研究所 | Single photon counting amplification and discrimination circuit |
| CN102538988A (en) * | 2012-02-08 | 2012-07-04 | 南京邮电大学 | Quenching and reading circuit for single photon avalanche diode imaging device |
| CN204535862U (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-08-05 | 中国计量学院 | A kind of single photon counting discriminator circuit with threshold values automatic control function |
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