CN109786872A - A kind of lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system and method - Google Patents
A kind of lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention devises a kind of lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system and method, which includes multiple sensors, battery management system, warning device, automatic emergency extinguishing device.Sensor includes ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor, smoke sensor device.The reflection to inside battery gaseous state feature may be implemented in ultrasonic sensor therein, and the battery thermal safety for emerging in large numbers early stage to thermal runaway risk in time makes anticipation and diagnosis, and early warning is rapidly and efficiently.Battery management system is based on multisensor complex probe and carries out data analysis, it is compared by multi-parameter with given threshold, issues the pre-warning signal of different stage, and take different control strategies, strive reducing safety accident risk caused by thermal runaway, reduces personal injury.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to new-energy automobile power battery field more particularly to a kind of thermal runaway early warning systems of new-energy automobile
System and method.
Background technique
Lithium ion battery is widely used as power source in electric car at present, in order to meet the requirement of continual mileage, lithium from
The energy density of sub- battery is continuously improved, and thus brings significant thermal safety problem.A lot of electric cars occur in recent years
Event on fire is most all related to the thermal safety of lithium ion battery.The main thermally safe problem of lithium ion battery comes from
In thermal runaway.Thermal runaway refer to inside battery since a series of heat release chain reaction causes battery temperature rise rate sharply to increase,
A kind of no longer controllable superheating phenomenon of temperature can cause battery that the dangerous situations such as on fire, explosion, burning occur.It is directed at present
It is main by the voltage of battery and the temperature and Battery case on surface in the thermal runaway early warning system of electric vehicle development
Smog and the features such as gas carry out early warning, but actually these surfaces internal feature for lagging behind battery works as outside
When detection temperature, voltage have significant change, the temperature of inside battery has triggered or close triggering heat release chain reaction, subsequent battery
Temperature can sharply be increased to several hundred degrees Celsius.The signals such as gas, smog have largely been decomposed and have been released in electrolyte in battery case
Deflation body, the response in the case that safety valve has turned on or existing flame sprays, early warning at this time represent situation and more endanger
Danger, it is most likely that the safety accidents such as on fire of electric car occur.But battery has the case where thermal runaway risk inside early stage
Under, internal feature such as temperature profile is difficult to obtain again, therefore the timeliness of early warning mechanism is not presently available guarantee.Therefore heat
Early stage out of control is quick, accurate early warning for take safety measures in time and for personnel fast-escape important in inhibiting.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a kind of Li-ion batteries piles thermal runaway early warning system, can be in electricity
Pond group preceding accurate and effective carry out safe early warning on fire, so that effective pre-warning signal is provided for driver and passenger, in order to
To make counter-measure or selection escape in time, while different grades of danger signal is provided to vehicle, and carry out the master of early stage
Dynamic control.
Lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of the present invention, comprising battery management system, Sensor section, warning device with
Automatic emergency extinguishing device.
Wherein, battery management system includes detection unit and main control unit；Sensor section includes ultrasonic sensor, temperature
Spend sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device.
Wherein, detection unit obtains the detection data of each sensor in real time, and real-time transmission is to main control unit.Master control list
The detection data that member will receive calculates ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device and detects
Change rate of the data in specified adjacent time inter；And each detection data and its change rate and the thermal runaway of setting are closed
Bond parameter threshold value and its change rate threshold value are compared；Then, main control unit carries out grading forewarning system, and root according to judging result
According to the difference of warning level, the pre-warning signal different to sending；In warning device, automatic emergency extinguishing device and electric car
It is equipped with heat management system and corresponding operating is carried out according to the pre-warning signal received.
For the method for early warning of above-mentioned lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system are as follows:
It is specific as follows including three-level early warning:
A, level-one early warning
If main control unit detects any in ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device
One detection parameters or its change rate are more than first threshold range, then main control unit issues level-one pre-warning signal.
B, second level early warning
Two kinds of situations are divided into for second level early warning:
1) if control unit detects aforementioned ultrasonic wave sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device
In any one detection parameters or its change rate be more than second threshold range, then main control unit issues second level pre-warning signal.
2) if main control unit detects three testing numbers that ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor are fed back
According to or its change rate be less than second threshold range, but wherein the detection data of ultrasonic sensor or its change rate exceed third
Threshold range, while the detection data of temperature sensor or its change rate exceed third threshold range, then main control unit issues two
Grade pre-warning signal.
C, three-level early warning
Two kinds of situations are equally divided into for three-level early warning:
1) if main control unit detects the detection data of ultrasonic sensor or its change rate exceeds third threshold range, but
The detection data of temperature sensor or its change rate are without departing from third threshold range at this time, then main control unit issues three-level early warning letter
Number；
2) if main control unit detects ultrasonic sensor detection data or its change rate are without departing from third threshold range；
If the detection data of temperature sensor or its change rate exceed third threshold range at this time, while the change rate of voltage sensor is super
Third threshold value is crossed, then main control unit issues three-level pre-warning signal.
The present invention has the advantages that
1, lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system and method for the present invention, the joint based on multisensor carry out data analysis
With detection, stage construction is examined in terms of smoke particle concentration is several in inside production gaseity, cell voltage and surface temperature, battery case
It surveys and early warning, timeliness is good, it is easy to accomplish.
2, the early warning of lithium ion battery thermal runaway and method in the present invention, in terms of inside battery state parameter detection, with
The method of internal embedded temperature sensor is generallyd use compared to there is significant difference, passes through gas inside ultrasonic sensor monitoring cell
Body characteristics state can reflect internal thermally safe state, embody the arrangement convenience of early warning system.
3, the early warning of lithium ion battery thermal runaway and method in the present invention, it is such a complete from inside battery gas abundance
New angle is set out, and the battery thermal safety for emerging in large numbers early stage to thermal runaway risk in time makes anticipation and diagnosis, and electricity may be implemented
The dynamically track and response of thermally safe state, have been obviously improved the timeliness of early warning inside pond.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system structural block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the three-level method for early warning flow chart of lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of the present invention.
In figure:
1- battery management system 2- Sensor section 3- warning device
4- and 4 5- heat management system 101- detection unit of automatic emergency extinguishing device
102- main control unit 201- ultrasonic sensor 202- temperature sensor
203- voltage sensor 204- smoke sensor device
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system of the present invention includes battery management system 1, Sensor section 2, warning device
3 with automatic emergency extinguishing device 4, as shown in Figure 1.Wherein, battery management system 1 includes detection unit 101 and main control unit
102.Sensor section 2 includes ultrasonic sensor 201, temperature sensor 202, voltage sensor 203 and smoke sensor device
204.Ultrasonic sensor 201 is used to detect the gas burst size of lithium battery interior；Temperature sensor 202 is for detecting battery table
The temperature in face；Voltage sensor 203 is used to detect the voltage of battery；Smoke sensor device 204 is used to detect the smog in battery case
Granule density.
The input terminal of the detection unit 101 connects ultrasonic sensor 201, temperature sensor 202, voltage sensor
203 with smoke sensor device 204, the detection data of each sensor is obtained in real time, including 201 real-time detection of ultrasonic sensor
Data M, the data T of 202 real-time detection of temperature sensor, the data U of 203 real-time detection of voltage sensor, smoke sensor device 204
The data C of real-time detection.
The output end of above-mentioned detection unit 101 is connected with the input terminal of main control unit 102；It will acquire by detection unit 101
Each sensor detection data, and by the detection data real-time transmission of each sensor to main control unit 102.
The main control unit 102 calculates ultrasonic sensor 201, temperature sensor according to the detection data received
202, voltage sensor 203 and change rate DM, DT of 204 detection data of smoke sensor device in specified adjacent time inter,
DU and DC, by each detection data and its change rate and the thermal runaway key parameter of setting (temperature, voltage, internal gas point
Cloth amount, smoke particle concentration) threshold value and its change rate threshold value be compared, and it can be by largely being pacified before battery factory
The test data of full test verifying obtains.Then, main control unit 102 carries out grading forewarning system according to judging result, prejudges current electricity
The thermally safe state in pond specifically includes three-level early warning, and is alarmed using level-one as most serious rank, and each rank early warning meaning is such as
Under:
Level-one early warning indicates that apparent thermal runaway phenomenon has occurred or will occur for battery in battery case；
Second level early warning indicates that self-produced thermal phenomenon may or will occur for battery in battery case；
Three-level early warning indicates that battery may cause the thermally safe problem at initial stage because of abuse.
The threshold value and change rate of above-mentioned parameters are respectively set as 3 threshold values, enable it for first~third threshold value,
In:
First threshold be experiment condition under, battery does not occur in first 5 minutes of thermal runaway, each thermal runaway key parameter and
The average value of its change rate.Selected time 5 minutes herein, be that " lithium ion power for electric vehicle stores by current new national standard
Cell safety requirement " it is inner provide, battery pack occur thermal runaway it is dangerous before 5 minutes, automobile will provide pre-warning signal, reserve 5 points
This angle of the escape time of clock is set out.
Second threshold is under experiment condition, and battery temperature provides highest limit value beyond producer, is started each from the front and back of heat production
Take equal interval of time, the average value of each thermal runaway key parameter and its change rate.
Third threshold value is under experiment condition, and battery temperature is extreme beyond normal use temperature upper limit or high rate charge-discharge etc.
Front and back after operating condition respectively takes equal interval of time, the average value of each thermal runaway key parameter and its change rate.
The alarm being equipped in the output end and electric car of above-mentioned main control unit 102 in heat management system and the present invention
Device 3 and automatic emergency extinguishing device 4 are connected, and then the difference according to warning level, opposite heat tube manage system, warning device 3 and
Emergency extinguishing device issues different pre-warning signals, it is intended to by giving warning in advance and starting corresponding measure, reduce to the full extent
Personal injury caused by the fire accident that battery may occur.
Above-mentioned warning device 3 can use combined aural and visual alarm.Aerosol extinguishing agent, power can be used in emergency extinguishing device 4
The degree of danger for reducing fire behavior is striven, more valuable times is reserved for escape, provides the time for accident handling, people are ensured with this
Life and property safety.
In the case that thermal runaway chain type exothermic reaction triggers, when inside battery gas production is more than to a certain degree, battery top
Relief valve can be gradually opened, and the temperature of battery surface sharply increases at this time, and voltage can decreased significantly, and start to assemble in battery case
Gas fume and particle.Therefore the joint based on multisensor carries out data analysis and detection in the present invention, carries out grading forewarning system,
Personal injury caused by the fire accident that battery may occur, lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning of the present invention are reduced to the full extent
Method as shown in Fig. 2, specifically:
In figure, wherein M1~M3Respectively first~third of internal gas abundance threshold value；T1~T3Respectively temperature control
One~third threshold value；U1~U3Respectively one~third of voltage regulation threshold value；C1~C3Respectively one~third of smoke particle density control
Threshold value；DM1~DM3Respectively internal gas abundance change rate first~third threshold value；DT1~DT3Respectively rate of temperature change
First~third threshold value；DU1~DU3Respectively first~third of voltage change ratio threshold value；DC1~DC3Respectively smoke particle is dense
Spend first~third of change rate threshold value.
A, level-one early warning
If main control unit 102 detects that any one detection parameters or its change rate are more than first in aforementioned four kinds of sensors
Threshold range, then main control unit 102 issues level-one pre-warning signal, and battery pack has the danger of catching fire, automatic emergency at this time
Extinguishing device 4 starts immediately after receiving the signal, while starting acousto-optic type of alarm and driver and passenger is prompted to flee from vehicle, with
Phase minimizes fire hazard as far as possible.
If extremely serious thermal runaway phenomenon does not occur for battery pack, level-one early warning system not will start.But if electricity
Pond group causes overheat battery temperature can be made to increase due to experienced a degree of abuse operating condition, has exceeded temperature as defined in producer
SC service ceiling, it is internal to be generated since a degree of side reaction generation also has gas, while voltage fluctuates, this stage
In battery from the initial stage of heat production, second level early warning is needed to provide security information situation.
B, second level early warning
Two kinds of situations are divided into for second level early warning:
If 1, control unit detects that any one detection parameters or its change rate are more than second in aforementioned four kinds of sensors
Threshold range, then main control unit 102 issues second level pre-warning signal.
If 2, main control unit 102 detects that ultrasonic sensor 201, temperature sensor 202, voltage sensor 203 are fed back
Three detection datas or its change rate be less than second threshold range, but wherein the detection data of ultrasonic sensor 201 or
Its change rate exceeds third threshold range, while the detection data of temperature sensor 202 or its change rate exceed third threshold value model
It encloses, then main control unit 102 issues second level pre-warning signal.
Emergency heat management system 5 starts at once at this time, it is possible to inhibiting or slowing down hot mistake by way of reinforcing cooling
The generation of control provides safeguard for the safety of vehicle.Such as wind speed should be adjusted to maximum by the heat management system of air cooling way；Liquid
Coolant rate should be adjusted to maximum and is adjusted to water inlet temperature minimum by the heat management system of cold mode；Cell tube simultaneously
Reason system 1 and entire car controller are coordinated, and power battery is without other power outputs.
If if 102 early warning system of main control unit does not issue level-one pre-warning signal or second level early warning letter during diagnosis
Number, then illustrate also do not have single battery in the hole in battery pack, but battery during use can be because of charge and discharge
And internal heat production, if the abuse operating condition such as heat management system poor heat radiation or the big multiplying power charge and discharge of appearance, the continuous accumulation of heat
Also the thermal safety of battery is impacted, final thermal runaway may be evolved into, it is therefore desirable to which three-level early warning system mentions
For vehicle safety state information to make respective handling in time.
C, three-level early warning
Two kinds of situations are equally divided into for three-level early warning:
If 1, main control unit 102 detects that the detection data of ultrasonic sensor 201 or its change rate exceed third threshold value
Range, but the detection data of temperature sensor 202 or its change rate then show inside battery without departing from third threshold range at this time
Start to generate a small amount of gas since temperature is increased, but the temperature profile and voltage characteristic of battery outer surface lag behind at this time
Internal feature may then be led without significant change in inside battery not yet because causing a series of heat release chain lock side reactions from heat production
It controls unit 102 and issues three-level pre-warning signal.
If detection data that 2, main control unit 102 detects ultrasonic sensor 201 or its change rate are without departing from third threshold
Be worth range, battery may because of big multiplying power charge and discharge in the case where battery pole ear temperature be significantly altered with voltage change ratio；This
If when temperature sensor 202 detection data or its change rate exceed third threshold range, while the variation of voltage sensor 203
Rate DU is more than third threshold value DU3, then main control unit 102 issues three-level pre-warning signal.
Each battery temperature is also not up to the temperature range for triggering exothermic auxiliary reaction in battery pack at this time, heat management system of meeting an urgent need
Start at once, reinforces cooling mode.Such as the heat management system of air cooling way can increase wind speed and flow；Liquid cooling mode
Heat management system can increase the flow of coolant liquid and turn down water inlet temperature；Battery management system 1 and entire car controller simultaneously
Coordinating, which reduces battery maximum, can use output power.
The present invention to every piece of battery in battery pack and is monitored by above system and method, and discovery once has hot mistake
The battery that control risk is emerged in large numbers, begins to operator alert.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system, it is characterised in that: include battery management system, Sensor section, report
Alarm device and automatic emergency extinguishing device；Wherein, battery management system includes detection unit and main control unit；Sensor portion subpackage
Include ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device；
Wherein, detection unit obtains the detection data of each sensor in real time, and real-time transmission is to main control unit；Main control unit will
The detection data received calculates ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device detection data
Change rate in specified adjacent time inter；And each detection data and its change rate and the thermal runaway key of setting are joined
Number threshold value and its change rate threshold value are compared；Then, main control unit carries out grading forewarning system according to judging result, and according to pre-
The difference of alert rank, the pre-warning signal different to sending；It is equipped in warning device, automatic emergency extinguishing device and electric car
Heat management system carries out corresponding operating according to the pre-warning signal received.
2. being directed to a kind of method for early warning of lithium ion battery thermal runaway early warning system described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: point
Grade early warning includes three-level early warning, specific as follows:
A, level-one early warning
If main control unit detects any one in ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device
Detection parameters or its change rate be more than first threshold range, then main control unit issue level-one pre-warning signal；
B, second level early warning
Two kinds of situations are divided into for second level early warning:
1) if control unit detects in aforementioned ultrasonic wave sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smoke sensor device and appoints
What one detection parameters or its change rate are more than second threshold range, then main control unit issues second level pre-warning signal.
If 2) main control unit detect ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor, voltage sensor feedback three detection datas or
Its change rate is less than second threshold range, but wherein the detection data of ultrasonic sensor or its change rate exceed third threshold value
Range, while the detection data of temperature sensor or its change rate exceed third threshold range, then it is pre- to issue second level for main control unit
Alert signal；
C, three-level early warning
Two kinds of situations are equally divided into for three-level early warning:
1) if main control unit detects that the detection data of ultrasonic sensor or its change rate exceed third threshold range, but at this time
The detection data of temperature sensor or its change rate are without departing from third threshold range, then main control unit issues three-level pre-warning signal；
2) if main control unit detects ultrasonic sensor detection data or its change rate are without departing from third threshold range；At this time
If the detection data of temperature sensor or its change rate exceed third threshold range, while the change rate of voltage sensor is more than the
Three threshold values, then main control unit issues three-level pre-warning signal.
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