CN111613842A - Safety guarantee system and method for ship lithium ion power battery - Google Patents
Safety guarantee system and method for ship lithium ion power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN111613842A CN111613842A CN202010390665.3A CN202010390665A CN111613842A CN 111613842 A CN111613842 A CN 111613842A CN 202010390665 A CN202010390665 A CN 202010390665A CN 111613842 A CN111613842 A CN 111613842A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4285—Testing apparatus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/07—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles
- A62C3/10—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in vehicles, e.g. in road vehicles in ships
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
- A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C37/00—Control of fire-fighting equipment
- A62C37/36—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
- A62C37/38—Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
- B63H21/12—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven
- B63H21/17—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels the vessels being motor-driven by electric motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/32—Waterborne vessels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safety guarantee system and a safety guarantee method for a ship lithium ion power battery, which belong to the field of ship power systems, wherein parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, internal resistance, capacity, alarm and the like of a battery pack battery and a battery pack are displayed in a centralized manner through a safety device, and data processing and storage are performed; the information of the fire, the gas sensor, the refrigerant filling system and the water cooling system is displayed in a centralized way; controlling a battery pack switch board, a gas processing device, a fire extinguishing system and a refrigerant filling device according to the state information of the battery, the alarm information and the information of the sensor; information interaction is carried out between the field bus and external equipment, safety early warning, diagnosis and acousto-optic alarm are achieved, emergency control processing is carried out on thermal runaway and combustion accidents of the battery through the security device, and finally the overall safety of the battery compartment is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ship power systems, and particularly relates to a safety guarantee system and method for a ship lithium ion power battery.
Background
The lithium ion battery is used as a new generation storage battery power source of the ship, the endurance of the ship can be greatly improved, and the comprehensive combat capability such as the concealment of the ship is greatly improved. Although the performance of the lithium ion battery is advanced, there is a risk of thermal runaway, fire and even explosion due to overcharge, overdischarge, overload short circuit, aging, excessive temperature, impact, extrusion and other causes. In case of accidents such as fire disasters, if the accidents cannot be timely extinguished, the power source of the ship is disabled, the navigation capacity is greatly reduced, and even the ship is damaged, casualties and losses cannot be estimated.
Aiming at the conditions that the lithium ion battery is easy to smoke, catch fire and even explode under abuse conditions (such as high temperature, short circuit, over charge and discharge, vibration, extrusion, impact and the like), in order to ensure the safe use of the lithium ion power battery pack on the ship, the ship generally needs to configure a battery cabin security system for the battery pack, and when an emergency accident occurs in the battery cabin, the last security barrier is provided for the ship.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a safety guarantee system and a safety guarantee method for a ship lithium ion power battery, which are used for effectively treating fire disasters such as safety monitoring, fire extinguishing and cooling, gas explosion suppression and the like of a ship lithium ion battery cabin and the lithium ion battery, and are important guarantees for normal work and safe operation of a ship.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a safety system for a lithium ion power battery of a ship, including: the system comprises a security device, N battery pack monitoring units, a battery pack switch board, a battery compartment fire monitoring sensor, a battery compartment gas processing controller, a battery compartment cooling system controller, a battery refrigerant filling controller, a battery compartment fire extinguishing facility and an actuator;
the temperature of N groups of batteries in the battery pack is monitored by the N battery pack monitoring units respectively, monitored temperature data is transmitted to the security device, meanwhile, the battery compartment fire monitoring sensor and the battery compartment gas monitoring sensor transmit the monitored battery compartment temperature, the monitored battery compartment smoke density and the monitored battery compartment gas concentration to the security device, and the security device judges whether a battery pack with the temperature exceeding a preset battery temperature threshold exists in the N groups of batteries, whether the battery compartment temperature exceeds a preset battery compartment temperature threshold, whether the battery compartment smoke density exceeds a preset battery compartment smoke density threshold or whether the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds a preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold;
if a battery pack with the temperature exceeding the preset battery temperature threshold exists in the N groups of batteries, the battery compartment temperature exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold, the battery compartment smoke density exceeds the preset battery compartment smoke density threshold or the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds the preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold, the security device sends a command for controlling the disconnection of the battery pack switch board, so that the battery pack switch board is disconnected to cut off an energy source end, and simultaneously the security device sends control information to the battery compartment gas processing controller, the battery compartment cooling system controller, the battery refrigerant perfusion controller and the battery compartment fire extinguishing facility, and the gas processing, the battery compartment cooling system controller, the battery refrigerant perfusion controller and the battery compartment fire extinguishing facility control corresponding actuators to realize gas processing, Refrigerant fills, battery system cooling and puts out a fire to control thermal runaway and spread and cool down the battery and put out a fire, guarantee battery compartment safety.
Preferably, the battery compartment fire monitoring sensor includes: a battery compartment temperature monitoring sensor and a battery compartment smoke monitoring sensor;
the battery compartment temperature monitoring sensor is used for transmitting the monitored battery compartment temperature to the security device;
the battery compartment smoke monitoring sensor is used for transmitting the monitored battery compartment smoke density to the security device.
Preferably, the battery pack monitoring unit is further configured to send an alarm signal when the battery temperature of the monitored battery pack exceeds the preset battery temperature threshold;
the battery compartment temperature monitoring sensor is also used for sending out an alarm signal when the temperature of the battery compartment exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold value;
the battery compartment smoke monitoring sensor is also used for sending out an alarm signal when the smoke density of the battery compartment exceeds the preset smoke density threshold value of the battery compartment;
the battery compartment gas monitoring sensor is also used for sending an alarm signal when the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds the preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold value.
Preferably, the battery compartment gas treatment controller is used for receiving the instruction of the security device and controlling the corresponding actuator to perform gas treatment or ventilation;
the battery compartment water cooling system controller is used for receiving the instruction of the security device, controlling the corresponding actuator to cool the battery and feeding back a state signal of the cooling system;
and the battery refrigerant filling controller is used for receiving the instruction of the security device, controlling the corresponding actuator to fill the accident battery and feeding back a state signal of the refrigerant filling system.
Preferably, the battery pack monitoring unit includes:
the module monitoring unit is used for exchanging the voltage and temperature information of the single battery with each voltage and temperature detection device and each equalization device, monitoring the state information of the battery, finishing the SOC estimation of the residual electric quantity of the battery pack according to the collected battery information, finishing the diagnosis and processing of related faults of the battery, and storing the operation records and important parameter information of the battery;
the signal acquisition box is used for acquiring grouped state signals, wherein the grouped state signals comprise total voltage and total current of the battery pack;
the voltage temperature detection device is used for acquiring monomer voltage and monomer temperature information in the battery pack;
and the balancing equipment is used for keeping the voltage deviation of the single batteries within a certain range in an active and passive balancing mode, so that each single battery is kept in the same state in normal use, overcharge and overdischarge are avoided, and the consistency of the batteries is improved.
Preferably, the cooling system cools the battery pack in a medium cooling manner, wherein the cooling system includes a cooling medium delivery pipe, a cooling medium regulating valve and a cooling medium check valve, cools the battery pack in a whole through a partition structure, and the cooling medium is selected in a matching manner according to the thermal data of the battery module.
According to another aspect of the invention, a safety guarantee method for a ship lithium ion power battery is provided, which comprises the following steps:
monitoring the temperature of N groups of batteries in the battery pack, monitoring the temperature of the battery compartment, monitoring the smoke density of the battery compartment, and monitoring the gas concentration of the battery compartment;
the method comprises the steps that a battery pack with the temperature exceeding a preset battery temperature threshold exists in N groups of batteries, the battery compartment temperature exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold, the battery compartment smoke density exceeds the preset battery compartment smoke density threshold or the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds the preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold, a battery pack switch board is controlled to be disconnected so as to cut off an energy source end, meanwhile, a battery compartment gas processing controller, a battery compartment cooling system controller, a battery refrigerant filling controller and a battery compartment fire extinguishing facility control corresponding actuators to achieve gas processing, refrigerant filling, battery system cooling and fire extinguishing, so that thermal runaway is controlled to spread, the batteries are cooled and extinguished, and the safety of the battery compartment is guaranteed.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
when the monitored battery temperature of the battery pack exceeds the preset battery temperature threshold value, sending an alarm signal;
when the temperature of the battery compartment exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold value, sending an alarm signal;
when the smoke density of the battery compartment exceeds the preset smoke density threshold value of the battery compartment, sending an alarm signal;
and when the gas concentration of the battery compartment exceeds the preset gas concentration threshold value of the battery compartment, sending an alarm signal.
Preferably, the method further comprises:
the gas treatment controller of the battery compartment controls the corresponding actuator to carry out gas treatment or ventilation;
the battery compartment water cooling system controller controls the corresponding actuator to cool the battery and feeds back a state signal of the cooling system;
and the battery refrigerant filling controller controls the corresponding actuator to fill the accident battery, and feeds back a state signal of the refrigerant filling system.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: the invention can monitor fire for the ship lithium ion power battery, and realize full-coverage detection of the cabin and the battery pack; the system can monitor and collect various dangerous characteristic information such as the temperature, gas and smoke of the battery compartment and the battery in real time, realize information fusion of multiple sensors and realize automatic and rapid detection and accurate judgment of fire; the safety of the lithium battery compartment can be effectively guaranteed by adopting a gas explosion suppression facility with a gas inerting function and extinguishing fire for cooling.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a safety guarantee system for a ship lithium ion power battery provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of another safety guarantee system for a ship lithium-ion power battery provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of a method for guaranteeing safety of a ship lithium ion power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery pack monitoring unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a water cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
After the ship and the submersible vehicle adopt the lithium ion power battery as a power supply, the liquid electrolyte lithium ion power battery is possibly subjected to mechanical abuse, electric abuse and thermal abuse to cause temperature rise, so that thermal runaway chain reaction of the lithium ion battery is initiated, and finally thermal runaway occurs, therefore, a security device is needed to intensively display the voltage, current, temperature, internal resistance, capacity, alarm and other parameters of the battery pack battery and the battery pack, and perform data processing and storage; the information of the fire, the gas sensor, the refrigerant filling system and the water cooling system is displayed in a centralized way; controlling a battery pack switch board, a gas processing device, a fire extinguishing system and a refrigerant filling device according to the state information of the battery, the alarm information and the information of the sensor; information interaction is carried out between the field bus and external equipment, safety early warning, diagnosis and acousto-optic alarm are achieved, emergency control processing is carried out on thermal runaway and combustion accidents of the battery through the security device, and finally the overall safety of the battery compartment is guaranteed.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a safety guarantee system for a ship lithium-ion power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, which can implement safety monitoring of a ship lithium-ion power battery pack, and includes: the system comprises a security device, N battery pack monitoring units, a battery pack switch board, a battery compartment fire monitoring sensor, a battery compartment gas processing controller, a battery compartment cooling system controller, a battery refrigerant filling controller, a battery compartment fire extinguishing facility and an actuator;
a large number of lithium ion batteries, cables and other equipment are arranged in the lithium ion battery compartment of the ship, and fire types such as electrical fire, liquid (electrolyte) fire, gas fire and the like exist. The cable can cause fire disasters due to overload short circuit, poor contact, aging and the like, a large amount of heat and smoke are generated, the temperature in the cabin is increased, the battery cabin fire disasters and the gas monitoring sensors monitor the environmental temperature and the smoke in the cabin in real time, and when a fire disaster happens, a fire disaster alarm signal is sent out in time to prompt an operator on duty to carry out fire disaster alarm deployment and fire extinguishing treatment (remote control or manual fire extinguishing) or send out corresponding fire extinguishing and explosion suppression facility starting control signals in a linkage mode to carry out fire extinguishing or explosion suppression (automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression).
Wherein, lithium ion battery cabin space is narrow and small, battery electrolyte is flammable, in case the conflagration breaks out, if not in time control, can cause ambient temperature too high, lead to the battery thermal runaway, take place to burn or even explode, arouse peripheral battery thermal runaway very easily simultaneously, form chain reaction, take place bigger danger, therefore, need realize the cooling when putting out a fire, the battery cabin facility of putting out a fire can adopt Novec1230 fire extinguishing agent to protect, can effectively put out a fire the cooling fast and do not harm equipment and do not have electric conductivity, have the characteristics of high, safe and reliable of putting out a fire.
Meanwhile, a great amount of alkane flammable and explosive gases are generated in the thermal runaway process of the battery, and meanwhile, a combustion improver 0 is generated2When the ignition point and explosion of the combustible gas are reachedThe fire extinguishing facility of the battery compartment can adopt a haloalkane 1301 fire extinguishing system as a fire extinguishing and explosion suppression facility, not only can extinguish fire, but also can inert flammable and explosive gas, and effectively prevent explosion.
The security device is used for intensively displaying parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, internal resistance, capacity and alarm of each battery module in the battery pack, displaying parameters such as voltage, current, temperature, internal resistance, capacity and alarm of the battery pack, and performing data processing and storage; the information of the fire, the gas sensor, the refrigerant filling system and the water cooling system is displayed in a centralized manner; controlling a battery pack switch board, a gas processing device, a fire extinguishing system and a refrigerant filling device according to the state information of the battery, the alarm information and the information of the sensor; the system carries out information interaction with external equipment through a field bus and has the functions of safety early warning, diagnosis and audible and visual alarm.
The battery pack monitoring unit is used for summarizing and judging the state information of one battery pack, sending an alarm signal, communicating with the security device and receiving a control instruction of the security device.
The battery pack switch board is used for closing and opening a direct current bus of the battery pack and implementing short-circuit protection and breaking functions on the battery pack. The intelligent charging and discharging system has the functions of battery pack charging and discharging voltage and current indication, circuit breaker closing and opening signal indication, and remote and board front control.
The battery compartment temperature, gas and smoke monitoring sensors are used for monitoring the ambient temperature, gas and smoke of the compartment in real time, and sending out a fire alarm signal in time when a fire breaks out to prompt an operator on duty to carry out fire alarm deployment and fire extinguishing treatment (remote control or manual fire extinguishing).
The battery compartment gas processing controller is used for collecting signals of the gas monitoring sensor, sending out alarm signals and receiving instructions of the security device to perform gas processing or ventilation.
The battery compartment water cooling system controller is used for receiving the instruction of the security device to cool the battery and feeding back a state signal of the cooling system.
The battery refrigerant filling controller is used for receiving an instruction of the security device to fill the accident battery and feeding back a state signal of the refrigerant filling system.
Specifically, if a battery pack with a temperature exceeding a preset battery temperature threshold exists in the N battery packs, the temperature of the battery compartment exceeds a preset battery compartment temperature threshold, the smoke density of the battery compartment exceeds a preset battery compartment smoke density threshold, or the gas concentration of the battery compartment exceeds a preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold, the security device sends a command for controlling the disconnection of a battery pack switch board, so that the battery pack switch board is disconnected to cut off an energy source end, and simultaneously sends control information to the battery compartment gas processing controller, the battery compartment cooling system controller, the battery refrigerant perfusion controller and the battery compartment fire extinguishing facility, the battery compartment gas processing controller, the battery compartment cooling system controller, the battery refrigerant perfusion controller and the battery compartment fire extinguishing facility control corresponding actuators to realize gas processing, refrigerant perfusion, battery system cooling and fire extinguishing so as to control thermal runaway and perform temperature reduction processing and fire extinguishing on the battery, the safety of the battery compartment is guaranteed.
In the embodiment of the invention, the preset battery temperature threshold, the preset battery compartment smoke density threshold and the preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold can be determined according to actual needs.
As shown in fig. 2, the battery pack monitoring unit monitors the state information of the storage battery, and transmits the monitored data to the security device through the CAN bus, meanwhile, the battery compartment fire monitoring sensor and the gas monitoring sensor transmit the monitored information to the security device for processing, when the battery compartment fires, the monitoring values of the battery temperature, the battery compartment temperature and the smoke sensor exceed the respective corresponding threshold values, the security device sends out a command for controlling the switch board of the battery pack to be disconnected after judging, so that the switch board is disconnected, at the moment, the energy source end is disconnected, meanwhile, the security device sends the control information to the gas processing controller, the cooling system controller, the refrigerant filling controller and the fire extinguishing facility, the controllers control the actuators to realize gas processing, refrigerant filling, cooling and fire extinguishing of the battery system, control the thermal runaway to spread and perform temperature reduction processing and fire extinguishing on the battery, the safety of the battery compartment is guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 3, the temperature sensor and the smoke sensor monitor cabin fire information and smoke information, and when the fire information and the smoke information exceed the respective alarm thresholds, the security device sends an alarm signal and a control signal to the controller.
The method specifically comprises the following operations:
when the temperature in the lithium ion battery compartment reaches a preset battery compartment temperature threshold value (the threshold value is adjustable), the battery compartment temperature monitoring sensor acts, and sends out an early warning alarm signal after fusion and judgment through the security device, and a fire extinguishing system is started to extinguish fire and cool the compartment;
when the surface temperature of the lithium ion battery reaches a preset battery temperature threshold (the threshold is adjustable), the temperature-sensing optical fiber in the battery pack monitoring unit acts, the security device collects optical signals of the temperature-sensing optical fiber, processes and judges the optical signals, sends out an early warning alarm signal, controls a corresponding actuator to cool the battery, and feeds back a state signal of a cooling system;
when the smoke density in the lithium ion battery compartment reaches a preset battery compartment smoke density threshold value (the threshold value is adjustable), the battery compartment smoke monitoring sensor acts, and sends out an early warning alarm signal after fusion and judgment of the security device, and a fire extinguishing system is started to extinguish fire and cool the compartment.
As shown in fig. 4, the battery pack monitoring unit adopts the battery management of the "total-divided-total" structure, integrates the advantages and disadvantages of the centralized management mode and the distributed management mode, and is divided into a main control module and a measurement and control module, wherein the main control module is mainly responsible for the overall management and operation of the battery pack monitoring unit, and the main functions are implemented as follows: information communication exchange is carried out between the CAN network and each measurement and control module; the system is responsible for signal acquisition of total voltage, total current and battery temperature of the battery pack; estimating the residual electric quantity SOC of the battery pack; diagnosing and processing the related faults existing in the battery and the battery pack; and storing the whole battery operation record and relevant important parameter information and the like. The measurement and control module finishes battery information acquisition and transmits the battery information to the main control module for information processing.
The voltage temperature detection device and the equalization device in fig. 4 are measurement and control modules for collecting internal voltage and temperature information of the battery, and simultaneously performing voltage equalization and current equalization on the internal cell of the battery (even if the voltage and the current of different cells are equalized, the consistency of the voltage and the current of the cells is enhanced, the service life of the battery can be prolonged, and the safety of the battery is facilitated).
Wherein, the module monitoring unit: the method comprises the steps that information exchange of voltage, temperature and the like of a single battery is carried out between a CAN network and each voltage temperature detection device and each equalization device, battery state information is monitored, meanwhile, SOC (state of charge) estimation of the residual electric quantity of a battery pack is completed according to collected battery information, battery related fault diagnosis and processing are completed, and battery operation records and important parameter information are stored;
signal acquisition box: the method is used for collecting grouped state signals such as total voltage and total current of the battery pack;
voltage temperature detection equipment: the battery module is used for collecting the voltage and temperature information of the single body in the battery module;
the equalizing equipment: through the active and passive balance mode, the voltage deviation of the battery single cells is kept within a certain range, so that each single cell is kept in the same state in normal use, overcharge and overdischarge are avoided, and the consistency of the battery is improved.
In the example of fig. 4, the battery compartment has N batteries in total, and the N batteries are divided into 2 groups, where each group has N/2 batteries, each group corresponds to N/2 equalizing devices, and N is an even number.
The battery pack monitoring unit realizes the monitoring and balancing functions of the state of the lithium ion power battery and the insulation detection of the lithium battery pack, and can alarm the dangerous state. The method comprises the functions of dynamic monitoring of charging and discharging voltage, current and temperature of the lithium ion power battery pack, trend prediction (such as temperature change trend, when the temperature rises, a diaphragm is contracted to cause short circuit of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, the battery is finally out of control due to thermal runaway, combustion explosion can be caused in serious cases, after the temperature trend prediction is added, an alarm can be given before the thermal runaway, the connection of a fault battery is cut off in time, meanwhile, appropriate measures are taken to prevent thermal spread from causing chain reaction), charge state estimation and health degree prediction, and the charge balance control of the battery pack can be realized; when the battery pack is not connected to a power grid, performing off-line detection on the insulation of the battery pack; through setting multi-level alarm (for example, classification is carried out according to safety levels triggered by different alarms, such as over-charge and over-discharge is defined as a second-level alarm, and over-temperature is defined as a first-level alarm, etc.), the safety protection device can be matched with a safety protection device to realize the functions of over-charge protection, over-discharge protection, over-temperature protection, short-circuit protection, sound-light alarm and automatic processing, and guarantee is provided for safe and reliable operation of the lithium ion power battery system.
As shown in fig. 5, the cooling system cools the battery pack by a medium cooling method. The cooling system comprises a cooling medium conveying pipeline and a cooling medium adjusting valve, and the whole battery pack is cooled through a regional structure. And the cooling medium is matched and selected according to the module heat data.
The safety guarantee system of the lithium ion power battery is also suitable for ship lithium ion power battery systems such as ships and submersibles and the like with the characteristics of large battery scale, small battery compartment volume, airtight battery compartment, high temperature and high humidity and the like, and is used for carrying out safety alarm and fire control.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a boats and ships lithium ion power battery safety guarantee system which characterized in that includes: the system comprises a security device, N battery pack monitoring units, a battery pack switch board, a battery compartment fire monitoring sensor, a battery compartment gas processing controller, a battery compartment cooling system controller, a battery refrigerant filling controller, a battery compartment fire extinguishing facility and an actuator;
the temperature of N groups of batteries in the battery pack is monitored by the N battery pack monitoring units respectively, monitored temperature data is transmitted to the security device, meanwhile, the battery compartment fire monitoring sensor and the battery compartment gas monitoring sensor transmit the monitored battery compartment temperature, the monitored battery compartment smoke density and the monitored battery compartment gas concentration to the security device, and the security device judges whether a battery pack with the temperature exceeding a preset battery temperature threshold exists in the N groups of batteries, whether the battery compartment temperature exceeds a preset battery compartment temperature threshold, whether the battery compartment smoke density exceeds a preset battery compartment smoke density threshold or whether the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds a preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold;
if a battery pack with the temperature exceeding the preset battery temperature threshold exists in the N groups of batteries, the battery compartment temperature exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold, the battery compartment smoke density exceeds the preset battery compartment smoke density threshold or the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds the preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold, the security device sends a command for controlling the disconnection of the battery pack switch board, so that the battery pack switch board is disconnected to cut off an energy source end, and simultaneously the security device sends control information to the battery compartment gas processing controller, the battery compartment cooling system controller, the battery refrigerant perfusion controller and the battery compartment fire extinguishing facility, and the gas processing, the battery compartment cooling system controller, the battery refrigerant perfusion controller and the battery compartment fire extinguishing facility control corresponding actuators to realize gas processing, Refrigerant fills, battery system cooling and puts out a fire to control thermal runaway and spread and cool down the battery and put out a fire, guarantee battery compartment safety.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery compartment fire monitoring sensor comprises: a battery compartment temperature monitoring sensor and a battery compartment smoke monitoring sensor;
the battery compartment temperature monitoring sensor is used for transmitting the monitored battery compartment temperature to the security device;
the battery compartment smoke monitoring sensor is used for transmitting the monitored battery compartment smoke density to the security device.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the battery pack monitoring unit is further configured to issue an alarm signal when the monitored battery temperature of the battery pack exceeds the preset battery temperature threshold;
the battery compartment temperature monitoring sensor is also used for sending out an alarm signal when the temperature of the battery compartment exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold value;
the battery compartment smoke monitoring sensor is also used for sending out an alarm signal when the smoke density of the battery compartment exceeds the preset smoke density threshold value of the battery compartment;
the battery compartment gas monitoring sensor is also used for sending an alarm signal when the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds the preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold value.
4. The system of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the battery compartment gas treatment controller is configured to receive the security device command and control the corresponding actuator to perform gas treatment or ventilation;
the battery compartment water cooling system controller is used for receiving the instruction of the security device, controlling the corresponding actuator to cool the battery and feeding back a state signal of the cooling system;
and the battery refrigerant filling controller is used for receiving the instruction of the security device, controlling the corresponding actuator to fill the accident battery and feeding back a state signal of the refrigerant filling system.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the battery pack monitoring unit comprises:
the module monitoring unit is used for exchanging the voltage and temperature information of the single battery with each voltage and temperature detection device and each equalization device, monitoring the state information of the battery, finishing the SOC estimation of the residual electric quantity of the battery pack according to the collected battery information, finishing the diagnosis and processing of related faults of the battery, and storing the operation records and important parameter information of the battery;
the signal acquisition box is used for acquiring grouped state signals, wherein the grouped state signals comprise total voltage and total current of the battery pack;
the voltage temperature detection device is used for acquiring monomer voltage and monomer temperature information in the battery pack;
and the balancing equipment is used for keeping the voltage deviation of the single batteries within a certain range in an active and passive balancing mode, so that each single battery is kept in the same state in normal use, overcharge and overdischarge are avoided, and the consistency of the batteries is improved.
6. The system of claim 4, wherein the cooling system cools the battery pack by means of medium cooling, wherein the cooling system comprises a cooling medium delivery pipe, a cooling medium regulating valve and a cooling medium check valve, the cooling system cools the battery pack by a zoning structure, and the cooling medium is selected according to the heat data of the battery modules in a matching manner.
7. A safety guarantee method for a ship lithium ion power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
monitoring the temperature of N groups of batteries in the battery pack, monitoring the temperature of the battery compartment, monitoring the smoke density of the battery compartment, and monitoring the gas concentration of the battery compartment;
the method comprises the steps that a battery pack with the temperature exceeding a preset battery temperature threshold exists in N groups of batteries, the battery compartment temperature exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold, the battery compartment smoke density exceeds the preset battery compartment smoke density threshold or the battery compartment gas concentration exceeds the preset battery compartment gas concentration threshold, a battery pack switch board is controlled to be disconnected so as to cut off an energy source end, meanwhile, a battery compartment gas processing controller, a battery compartment cooling system controller, a battery refrigerant filling controller and a battery compartment fire extinguishing facility control corresponding actuators to achieve gas processing, refrigerant filling, battery system cooling and fire extinguishing, so that thermal runaway is controlled to spread, the batteries are cooled and extinguished, and the safety of the battery compartment is guaranteed.
8. The method of claim 7, further comprising:
when the monitored battery temperature of the battery pack exceeds the preset battery temperature threshold value, sending an alarm signal;
when the temperature of the battery compartment exceeds the preset battery compartment temperature threshold value, sending an alarm signal;
when the smoke density of the battery compartment exceeds the preset smoke density threshold value of the battery compartment, sending an alarm signal;
and when the gas concentration of the battery compartment exceeds the preset gas concentration threshold value of the battery compartment, sending an alarm signal.
9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the method further comprises:
the gas treatment controller of the battery compartment controls the corresponding actuator to carry out gas treatment or ventilation;
the battery compartment water cooling system controller controls the corresponding actuator to cool the battery and feeds back a state signal of the cooling system;
and the battery refrigerant filling controller controls the corresponding actuator to fill the accident battery, and feeds back a state signal of the refrigerant filling system.
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