CN109562997A - 绝缘灰泥层或绝缘面板形式的多孔模制体 - Google Patents
绝缘灰泥层或绝缘面板形式的多孔模制体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109562997A CN109562997A CN201680088386.3A CN201680088386A CN109562997A CN 109562997 A CN109562997 A CN 109562997A CN 201680088386 A CN201680088386 A CN 201680088386A CN 109562997 A CN109562997 A CN 109562997A
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- 229910052622 kaolinite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011508 lime plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004530 micro-emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxiran-2-ylmethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC1CO1 RPQRDASANLAFCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007962 solid dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinylsulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C=C NLVXSWCKKBEXTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010456 wollastonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C04B14/14—Minerals of vulcanic origin
- C04B14/18—Perlite
- C04B14/185—Perlite expanded
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种绝缘灰泥层或绝缘面板形式的多孔模制体,包含由无机材料制成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体并且包含粘合剂,其特征在于含有复合颗粒作为粘合剂,其中复合颗粒含有至少一种有机聚合物和至少一种无机固体,其中相对于复合颗粒中有机聚合物和无机固体的总重量,无机固体的重量百分比为15至50wt%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及绝缘灰泥层或绝缘面板形式的多孔模制体、用于生产这些多孔模制体的方法以及用于生产该多孔模制体的砂浆混合物。
背景技术
在绝缘灰泥层的生产和热绝缘面板的生产中,经常使用易燃材料,如发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)或聚氨酯泡沫。其缺点是这些材料易燃性。
为了改善防火,CH 710 162 A2描述了由发泡聚苯乙烯或聚氨酯组成的热绝缘面板,热绝缘面板配备有防火层,该防火层含有由膨胀的闭孔硅砂组成的空心球,空心球通过矿物粘合剂彼此连接并连接到面板上。WO 2015/056138 A1描述了用于热绝缘和用于防火的面板,其通过将膨胀珍珠岩与诸如水泥的矿物粘合剂或有机粘合剂的混合物压制或浇注到模具中并固化该混合物而获得。WO 2015/056139 A2涉及一种用于热绝缘和防火的砂浆混合物,其由膨胀硅砂或膨胀珍珠岩的闭孔球与无机或有机粘合剂以及可选地其它添加剂组成。EP 2 899 174 A2描述了一种用于使建筑结构热绝缘的方法,其中将由膨胀硅砂或膨胀珍珠岩与水泥基粘合剂组合而成的封闭的填充空气的球体泵入这些建筑结构的墙壁的中空空间和中间空间中。WO 2012/031717 A1描述了一种防烟且热绝缘的防火部件,其含有至少一种轻质填料、具有无机和有机组分的热固化的杂合粘合剂和除水材料(如三水合铝和纤维或硅灰石)。
在生产这种由矿物轻质填料组成的绝缘材料中,使用无机粘合剂,如石膏灰泥、水泥或水玻璃,或有机粘合剂,如聚合物水分散体。矿物粘合的绝缘材料不易燃,但易碎并且柔韧性差。另一方面,有机粘合的绝缘材料是柔性的但易于燃烧。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供基于矿物轻质填料的绝缘材料,其是柔性的并且同时提供改善的防火保护。
发明内容
本发明提供一种绝缘灰泥层或绝缘面板形式的多孔模制体,包含由无机材料组成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体和粘合剂,其特征在于存在作为粘合剂的复合颗粒,其中复合颗粒含有至少一种有机聚合物和至少一种无机固体,并且基于复合颗粒中有机聚合物和无机固体的总重量,无机固体的重量比例为15至50重量%。
复合颗粒是现有技术并且可商购获得,且可以是它们的水分散体的形式或水中可分散的聚合物粉末形式。WO 03/000760 A1涉及一种通过单体混合物在无机固体颗粒分散体的存在下的聚合来生产由无机固体颗粒和有机聚合物组成的复合颗粒分散体的方法,单体混合物含有较小比例的硅官能性单体。以这种方式可获得的产物被推荐作为涂料、粘合剂和砂浆组合物的粘合剂。WO 2004/035474 A1公开了水性复合颗粒分散体,其通过将硅烷化二氧化硅颗粒的水分散体与聚合物水分散体混合而获得。推荐该产品作为涂料组合物和水泥基砂浆配方的粘合剂。WO 2009/1123370 A1描述了一种生产复合颗粒分散体的方法,其通过在已经设定为碱性pH的聚合物水分散体中使一种或多种烷氧基硅烷缩合。作为其替代,可以通过烷氧基硅烷的缩合分别制备二氧化硅溶胶,然后使其与聚合物水分散体混合。作为用途,推荐用于涂料组合物和粘合剂中。WO 2012/110618A1涉及一种用于生产改性的复合颗粒的方法,其通过将聚合物水分散体和水性二氧化硅溶胶混合,然后在该混合物中将单体聚合。作为用途,推荐上面已经描述的那些。WO 2012/022667 A1描述了复合颗粒分散体的生产,其通过在分散于水中的无机固体存在下使烯键式不饱和单体聚合,为了改善所得分散体的储存稳定性,在聚合期间或之后加入环氧硅烷。
复合颗粒包含有机聚合物相和分散在其中的细分的无机固体颗粒,其中无机固体颗粒优选通过物理键(例如通过聚合物中的羧基官能性单体单元)或通过化学键(例如通过聚合物中的硅官能性单体单元)连接到有机聚合物相的聚合物链。
作为细分的无机固体颗粒,优选金属氧化物或半金属氧化物。分散在水中的固体颗粒的粒度优选为4至150nm,特别优选为5至100nm。粒度是通过统计光散射例如使用来自Coulter的Nanosizer确定的重均粒度dw。
合适的金属氧化物是例如钛、锆、铝、钡、镁或铁的氧化物。这种金属氧化物可商购获得,例如二氧化钛、锆(IV)氧化物、锡(II)氧化物、锡(IV)氧化物、氧化铝、氢氧化铝氧化物、氧化钡、氧化镁、铁(II)氧化物、铁(III)氧化物、铁(II/III)氧化物。作为优选的半金属氧化物,可以提及二氧化硅。二氧化硅可以以无定形形式和/或以各种晶体结构存在。例如,二氧化硅可以以水玻璃或二氧化硅溶胶的形式存在。合适的二氧化硅也以商品名和而已知。特别优选二氧化硅溶胶和用铝酸盐或环氧硅烷改性的二氧化硅溶胶。为了生产改性的二氧化硅溶胶,在搅拌并任选地加热的同时,向常规的二氧化硅溶胶中添加铝酸盐水溶液例如NaAl(OH)4或环氧硅烷例如3-缩水甘油氧基丙基-三甲氧基硅烷。
细分的无机固体的制备是本领域技术人员已知的并且例如通过沉淀反应或气相中的化学反应来进行(参见E.Matijevic,Chem.Mater.1993,5,第412至426页;Ullmann'sEncyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry,Vol.A 23,第583至660页,Verlag Chemie,Weinheim,1992)。
适用于生产有机聚合物的水分散体的烯键式不饱和单体是具有1至15个碳原子的未支化或支化的烷基羧酸的乙烯基酯、具有1至15个碳原子的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳香烃(vinylaromatics)、烯烃、二烯或乙烯基卤化物。优选的乙烯基酯是乙酸乙烯酯、丙酸乙烯酯、丁酸乙烯酯、2-乙基己酸乙烯酯、月桂酸乙烯酯、乙酸1-甲基乙烯酯、特戊酸乙烯酯和具有9至13个碳原子的α-支化一元羧酸的乙烯基酯,例如或(Momentive的商品名)。特别优选乙酸乙烯酯。优选的甲基丙烯酸酯或丙烯酸酯是丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯、丙烯酸降冰片酯。特别优选丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸2-乙基己酯。烯烃和二烯的实例是乙烯、丙烯和1,3-丁二烯。合适的乙烯基芳香烃是苯乙烯和乙烯基甲苯。优选的乙烯基卤化物是氯乙烯。
基于单体的总重量,优选另外地共聚0.05至20重量%,特别优选1至10重量%的一种或多种官能性共聚单体。官能性共聚单体的例子是烯键式不饱和单羧酸和二羧酸,优选丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、富马酸和马来酸,以及马来酸酐;烯键式不饱和羧酸酰胺和羧基腈,优选丙烯酰胺和丙烯腈;烯键式不饱和磺酸及其盐,优选乙烯基磺酸、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸。官能性共聚单体的实例还包括环氧官能性共聚单体,例如甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和丙烯酸缩水甘油酯。官能性共聚单体的进一步实例是硅官能性共聚单体,诸如丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷和甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三(烷氧基)硅烷,其中可以存在例如甲氧基、乙氧基以及乙氧基丙二醇醚基作为烷氧基,例如甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三烷氧基硅烷和乙烯基甲基二烷氧基硅烷,诸如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷或乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。作为官能性共聚单体的例子,还可以提及具有羟基的单体,例如甲基丙烯酸羟烷基酯和丙烯酸羟烷基酯,例如,丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的羟乙酯或羟丙酯或羟丁酯。优选烯键式不饱和单羧酸和二羧酸和硅官能性共聚单体。
作为有机聚合物,优选乙烯基酯(特别是乙酸乙烯酯)与3至12重量%的烯键式不饱和羧酸(如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸)和任选地0.1至3重量%的烯键式不饱和硅烷(如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷)的聚合物;乙烯基酯(特别是乙酸乙烯酯)与0.1至3重量%的烯键式不饱和硅烷(如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷)的聚合物;其中,聚合物在每种情况下还可以含有5至45重量%的一种或多种单体单元,该单体单元来自由以下组成的组中:与待共聚的乙烯基酯不同并且是具有3至15个碳原子的未支化或支化的烷基羧酸的酯的乙烯基酯、具有1至15个碳原子的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、乙烯、丁二烯和氯乙烯,其中以重量%计的数字在每种情况下加起来为100重量%。
作为有机聚合物,还优选具有1至15个碳原子的醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯(例如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯和/或(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯)与3至12重量%的烯键式不饱和羧酸(如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸)和任选地0.1至3重量%的烯键式不饱和硅烷(如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷)和任选地0.1至50重量%(优选5至30重量%)的苯乙烯的聚合物;具有1至15个碳原子的醇的(甲基)丙烯酸酯(如(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯和/或(甲基)丙烯酸正丁酯)与0.1至3重量%的烯键式不饱和硅烷(如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基甲基二甲氧基硅烷或乙烯基甲基二乙氧基硅烷)和任选地0.1至50重量%(优选5至30重量%)的苯乙烯的聚合物;其中以重量%计的数字在每种情况下加起来为100重量%。
有机聚合物可通过本领域技术人员已知的聚合方法制备:悬浮或微乳或优选乳液聚合方法,例如Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering,Vol.8,第659至677页,John Wiley and Sons,Inc.,1987或DE 10 2006 050 336 A1中所描述的。此处,在水性介质中,在乳化剂和/或保护胶体存在下通过自由基引发的聚合而使烯键式不饱和单体聚合。
优选选择单体以及共聚单体的重量比例,使得得到的玻璃化转变温度Tg通常为50℃至+50℃。聚合物的玻璃化转变温度Tg可以通过DSC(动态差热分析,DIN EN ISO 11357-1/2)以已知方式测定,例如使用来自Mettler-Toledo的动态差示扫描量热仪DSC1在开口坩埚中以10K/min的加热速率测定。将热流图中第二加热曲线的台阶中点(中点=热流台阶的台阶高度的一半)处的温度取作玻璃化转变温度。Tg也可以通过Fox方程预先近似地计算。根据Fox T.G.,Bull.Am.Physics Soc.1,3,第123页(1956):1/Tg=x1/Tg1+x2/Tg2+...+xn/Tgn,其中xn是单体n的质量分数(重量%/100),并且Tgn是单体n的均聚物的玻璃化转变温度,以开尔文计。均聚物的Tg值列于聚合物手册第2版(Polymer Handbook 2ndEdition),J.Wiley&Sons,New York(1975)中。
含有有机聚合物和细分的无机固体颗粒的复合颗粒的生产可以通过上述现有技术的方法进行。此处,细分的无机固体颗粒优选以稳定的含水固体分散体的形式使用。优选地,在制备有机聚合物的聚合期间加入含有细分的无机固体的含水分散体,或者将其加入到最终的聚合物分散体中。还优选这样的方法,其中将细分的无机固体的含水分散体与含有官能团(例如硅烷基团和/或羧基)的聚合物的聚合物分散体混合,使得可以在无机颗粒和有机颗粒之间发生化学或物理结合。
同样优选的是这样的方法,其中将含有细分的无机固体的含水分散体与聚合物水分散体(该聚合物水分散体的聚合物可任选地含有官能团如硅烷基团和/或羧基基团)混合,以及与环氧硅烷化合物(例如3-缩水甘油氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷或3-缩水甘油氧基丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷)混合。上述混合操作优选在20至70℃的温度下进行优选1至12小时的时间段。
复合颗粒至少部分地具有核-壳结构。在这种情况下,无机颗粒形成核且聚合物链形成壳。在每种情况下,基于复合颗粒中有机聚合物和无机固体的总重量,复合颗粒中无机固体的重量比例优选为15至50重量%,特别优选20至40重量%。
以这种方式可获得的复合颗粒通常以水分散体的形式存在,优选固含量为40至70%,特别优选45至65%且最优选50至60%。复合颗粒的分散体优选具有65至3000mPas的粘度,且特别优选75至2000mPas,特别是在80至900mPas的范围内(作为50%强度的水分散体且在20rpm下,在25℃下的Brookfield粘度)。复合颗粒的粒度在5至5000nm的范围内。优选的粒度在50至500nm的范围内。在每种情况下,粒度是通过统计光散射确定的重均粒度dw,例如使用来自Coulter的Nanosizer。
为了制备粉末形式的复合颗粒,可以将改性复合颗粒的分散体喷雾干燥,其中任选地加入保护胶体作为干燥助剂。优选地,将聚乙烯醇用作干燥助剂。此处,在常规的喷雾干燥设备中进行喷雾干燥,可以通过单流体、双流体或多流体喷嘴或借助旋转盘进行雾化。通常选择出口温度在45℃至120℃的范围内,优选60℃至90℃。为了改善粘结稳定性,可以为获得的粉末提供抗粘结剂(抗结块剂)。抗粘结剂的实例是碳酸钙、滑石、二氧化硅、高岭土。
通过随后在水、有机溶剂或反应性稀释剂中研磨和/或再分散,可以将得到的粉末形式的复合颗粒制成所需的形式。
由无机材料组成的合适的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体是本领域技术人员已知的并且是可商购的,例如气凝胶如硅酸盐、膨胀硅砂或膨胀珍珠岩或中空玻璃球。
用于生产绝缘灰泥层的配制品是已知的。通常,用于绝缘灰泥层的砂浆组合物含有10至50重量%由无机材料组成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体、5至20重量%的复合颗粒、40至80重量%的填料、0至20重量%的矿物粘合剂和/或聚合物粘合剂以及可选地0.1至10重量%的其它添加剂,在每种情况下均基于不含水的干燥组合物的总重量,其中以重量%计的数字在每种情况下加起来为100重量%。
包含10至80重量%由无机材料组成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体、5至20重量%复合颗粒、10至40重量%填料、0至20重量%矿物粘合剂和/或聚合物粘合剂和可选地0.1至10重量%其它添加剂的组合物适用于生产绝缘面板,在每种情况下均基于不含水的干燥组合物的总重量,其中以重量%计的数字在每种情况下加起来为100重量%。
合适的填料的实例是硅砂、碳酸钙、白云石、硅酸铝、粘土、白垩、白色熟石灰、滑石或云母。也可以使用提及的填料的任何混合物。优选硅砂、石英粉、碳酸钙、白垩或白色熟石灰。
合适的矿物粘合剂是例如水泥,特别是波特兰水泥、铝酸盐水泥、氧化镁水泥、矿渣砂水泥以及混合水泥,火山灰、石灰和石膏灰泥。
合适的聚合物粘合剂是乙烯基酯聚合物,诸如乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯聚合物、或(甲基)丙烯酸酯聚合物、苯乙烯-丙烯酸酯聚合物或苯乙烯-丁二烯聚合物,它们以其聚合物水分散体的形式或以其水分散性聚合物粉末的形式使用以用于生产砂浆组合物。
用于(砂浆)组合物的其它常规填料是增稠剂,例如多糖如纤维素醚和改性纤维素醚,淀粉醚,片状硅酸盐,多元羧酸如聚丙烯酸及其偏酯,以及可任选被缩醛化或疏水改性的聚乙烯醇,酪蛋白和缔合增稠剂。常规添加剂,特别是用于改善绝缘面板的机械强度的常规添加剂,是有机或矿物纤维材料。此外,还可以提及:疏水化剂,防腐剂,成膜助剂,分散剂,泡沫稳定剂,消泡剂和阻燃剂。添加剂以用于此目的的正常量使用,这取决于添加剂的类型。优选不使用任何除水矿物质,例如三水合铝。
将砂浆组合物以已知的方式与水混合并作为绝缘灰泥层加工,即施加到载体材料上,例如通过抹灰机喷涂到砖石上并随后平滑化。
为了生产绝缘面板,将组合物以已知方式与水混合并压制或倒入模具中,随后在有或没有热量输入的情况下固化。
具体实施方式
以下实施例示例说明本发明:
(比较)分散体的生产:
不含二氧化硅的比较分散体(比较分散体1):
将1.0g去离子水,4.6g月桂基硫酸钠和1.4g过氧二硫酸钾在氮气氛中置于体积为3升的反应器中并且在搅拌的同时加热到40℃。在这一温度下,将具有下列组成的混合物引入反应器:
随后将温度升至80℃,并在达到该温度后,在历经3小时的时间段进料引发剂溶液(处于86.8g水中的1.4g过氧二硫酸钾),同时单独地历经2.5小时的时间段向反应器中引入具有下列组成的溶液:
计量加入完成后,将混合物在80℃下搅拌2小时并且在85℃下搅拌1小时。随后用水稀释聚合物分散体并且通过氨水溶液(12.5%强度)将pH设定到9。获得固含量为43.0重量%(DIN EN ISO 3251)的聚合物溶液。最低成膜温度(DIN ISO 2115)为5℃。
具有10重量%二氧化硅的复合分散体(比较分散体2):
在50℃下在搅拌的同时将1000g 43%强度的含水比较分散体1置于双壁反应器中,并且加入120g含水二氧化硅溶胶(固含量为40%,来自Akzo Nobel的Bindzil 2040)。
以这种方式获得的溶液的固含量为42.7%并且基于总固体含量,二氧化硅含量为10重量%。
具有30重量%二氧化硅的复合分散体(复合分散体3):
在50℃下在搅拌的同时将1000g 43%强度的含水比较分散体1置于双壁反应器中并且加入460g二氧化硅溶胶(固含量为40%,来自AkzoNobel的Bindzil 2040)。以这种方式获得的溶液具有42.1%的固体含量并且基于总固体含量,二氧化硅的含量为30重量%。
具有45重量%二氧化硅的复合分散体(复合分散体4):
在50℃下在搅拌的同时将1000g 43%强度的含水比较分散体1置于双壁反应器中并且加入880g二氧化硅溶胶(固含量为40%,来自AkzoNobel的Bindzil 2040)。以这种方式获得的溶液的固含量为41.6%并且基于总固体含量,二氧化硅的含量为45重量%。
绝缘面板的生产:
为了生产绝缘面板,使用表1的配方。将原料合并并且倒入模具中(1.5cm厚,2cm宽且12cm长)。在干燥一周的时间后,从模具中取出绝缘面板(试样)。
表1:
燃烧试验:
对于燃烧试验,将试样水平放置并施加Tirill燃烧器火焰(h=20mm)至少60s的时间。确定是否发生点燃和燃烧。此外,评估了施加火焰后板的稳定性和变化。燃烧试验的结果汇总在表2中。
形变试验(断裂移位):
根据DIN EN 12002进行变形的测定。此处,根据DIN EN 12002在3点弯曲试验中测定断裂位移。
为了生产绝缘面板,使用表1的配方。将原料合并并倒入模具中(1.5cm厚,4.5cm宽和28cm长)。在一周的干燥时间之后,从模具中取出绝缘面板(试样)。
在变形测试之前,将样品在标准条件下(DIN 50014,23℃和50%相对大气湿度)储存3天并且在50℃存储2天。
变形试验的结果汇总在表2中:
实验 | 火焰施加时间[秒] | 燃烧时间[秒] | 板的变化 | 断裂移位[mm] |
比较例1 | >600 | 0 | 稳定 | 0.18* |
比较例2 | 60 | >40 | 碎裂 | 15.8** |
实施例3 | >600 | 0 | 稳定 | 10.2** |
实施例4 | >600 | 0 | 稳定 | 2.9** |
*存储:在90%大气湿度下3天且在标准条件下2天。
**存储:在标准条件下3天且在50℃下2天
该结果表明,与无机粘合板(比较例1)和有机粘合板(比较例2)相比,通过本发明的复合分散体(实施例3和4)粘合的板具有良好的防火性和令人满意的可变形性。
Claims (10)
1.一种多孔模制体,以绝缘灰泥层或绝缘面板形式,包含由无机材料组成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体和粘合剂,其特征在于存在作为粘合剂的复合颗粒,其中所述复合颗粒含有至少一种有机聚合物和至少一种无机固体并且基于所述复合颗粒中有机聚合物和无机固体的总重量,所述无机固体的重量比例为15至50重量%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多孔模制体,其特征在于存在作为所述无机固体的一种或多种钛、锆、铝、钡、镁或铁的氧化物或二氧化硅。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的多孔模制体,其特征在于作为有机聚合物,存在烯键式不饱和单体与可选地基于单体的总重量0.05至20重量%的一种或多种官能性共聚单体的一种或多种聚合物,所述烯键式不饱和单体来自由以下组成的组:具有1至15个碳原子的未支化或支化的烷基羧酸的乙烯基酯、具有1至15个碳原子的醇的甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸酯、乙烯基芳香烃、烯烃、二烯或乙烯基卤化物,所述一种或多种官能性共聚单体来自由烯键式不饱和单羧酸和二羧酸以及硅官能性共聚单体组成的组。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的多孔模制体,其特征在于基于不含水的干燥组合物的总重量,用于生产所述模制体的配制品含有5至20重量%的复合颗粒。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的多孔模制体,其特征在于存在由以下组成的组的一个或多个成员作为由无机材料组成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体:由硅酸盐构成的气凝胶、膨胀硅砂或膨胀珍珠岩或中空玻璃球。
6.一种用于生产以绝缘灰泥层形式的权利要求1至5中任一项所述的多孔模制体的方法,其特征在于将10至50重量%的由无机材料组成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体、5至20重量%的复合颗粒、40至80重量%的填料、0至20重量%的矿物粘合剂和/或聚合物粘合剂和可选地0.1至10重量%的其它添加剂与水混合并且施加到支撑材料,在每种情况下基于不含水的干燥组合物的总重量,其中以重量%计的数字在每种情况下加起来为100重量%。
7.一种用于生产以绝缘面板形式的权利要求1至5中任一项所述的多孔模制体的方法,其特征在于将10至80重量%的由无机材料组成的闭孔或开孔或混合孔的中空体、5至20重量%的复合颗粒、10至40重量%的填料、0至20重量%的矿物粘合剂和/或聚合物粘合剂和可选地0.1至10重量%的其它添加剂与水混合并且压入或倒入模具中,随后在具有或没有热量输入的情况下固化,在每种情况下基于不含水的干燥组合物的总重量,其中以重量%计的数字在每种情况下加起来为100重量%。
8.复合颗粒用于生产多孔模制体的用途,其特征在于所述复合颗粒含有至少一种有机聚合物和至少一种无机固体,其中基于所述复合颗粒中有机聚合物和无机固体的总重量,所述无机固体的重量比例为15至50重量%。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于所述复合颗粒用于生产绝缘灰泥层。
10.根据权利要求8所述的用途,其特征在于所述复合颗粒用于生产绝缘面板。
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