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CN109477570A - 自动变速器及其控制方法 - Google Patents

自动变速器及其控制方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109477570A
CN109477570A CN201780043213.4A CN201780043213A CN109477570A CN 109477570 A CN109477570 A CN 109477570A CN 201780043213 A CN201780043213 A CN 201780043213A CN 109477570 A CN109477570 A CN 109477570A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
automatic transmission
gear
parking lock
output shaft
vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201780043213.4A
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English (en)
Inventor
山田直弘
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JATCO Ltd
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JATCO Ltd
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Publication date
Application filed by JATCO Ltd filed Critical JATCO Ltd
Publication of CN109477570A publication Critical patent/CN109477570A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T1/00Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles
    • B60T1/02Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels
    • B60T1/06Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels
    • B60T1/062Arrangements of braking elements, i.e. of those parts where braking effect occurs specially for vehicles acting by retarding wheels acting otherwise than on tread, e.g. employing rim, drum, disc, or transmission or on double wheels acting on transmission parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T7/00Brake-action initiating means
    • B60T7/12Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger
    • B60T7/122Brake-action initiating means for automatic initiation; for initiation not subject to will of driver or passenger for locking of reverse movement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11Stepped gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/11Stepped gearings
    • B60W10/115Stepped gearings with planetary gears
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B60W30/00Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H59/50Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts
    • F16H59/54Inputs being a function of the status of the machine, e.g. position of doors or safety belts dependent on signals from the brakes, e.g. parking brakes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H59/60Inputs being a function of ambient conditions
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H61/18Preventing unintentional or unsafe shift, e.g. preventing manual shift from highest gear to reverse gear
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/22Locking of the control input devices
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/684Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
    • F16H61/686Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive with orbital gears
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
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    • F16H63/34Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
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    • F16H63/34Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/3416Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
    • F16H63/3458Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission with electric actuating means, e.g. shift by wire
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H63/40Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism comprising signals other than signals for actuating the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/48Signals to a parking brake or parking lock; Control of parking locks or brakes being part of the transmission
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60TVEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Control Of Driving Devices And Active Controlling Of Vehicle (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

自动变速器具备:可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转的停车杆、驱动停车杆的促动器、以及当自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时驱动促动器的ATCU。在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,即使换挡机构被操作为P挡位,ATCU也不会将自动变速器的设定挡位设定为P挡位。

Description

自动变速器及其控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及线控停车方式的自动变速器。
背景技术
线控停车式(park by wire type)的自动变速器为如下的自动变速器,即:在换挡杆、换挡开关等的换挡机构和锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转的停车机构之间没有机械的联动机构,而是将与换挡机构的动作相对应的电信号输出给促动器,并通过促动器使停车机构等动作(例如,JP2008-128444A)。
这样的自动变速器中,由于不需要换挡机构与停车机构之间的机械的联动机构,因此可提高换挡机构的布局设计性,并且,由于能够与换挡机构的操作独立而使停车机构动作,因此能够提高停车机构的控制自由度。
线控停车式的自动变速器中,如上所述,当驾驶员将换挡机构操作为P挡位时,则从换挡控制单元向促动器输出信号而使停车机构动作,自动变速器的输出轴被锁止为不能旋转(停车锁止状态)。
虽然从换挡机构被操作为P挡位到停车锁止完成之间具有时滞,但是通常驾驶员是在踩下制动踏板的状态下将换挡机构操作为P挡位,因此,即使车辆位于上坡路上仍然对车辆施加有制动力,从而不会有车辆下滑(roll back回滚)的问题。
但是,在上坡路上驾驶员踩下加速器踏板使驱动力和坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,当驾驶员将换挡机构操作为P挡位时,由于车辆处于停车中而使驾驶员容易产生停车锁止已经完成了的错觉。从而,当在停车锁止完成之前若驾驶员解除了加速器踏板的踩下时,则车辆由于自重而发生下滑。
即使在接收到换挡机构被操作为P挡位后的动力传递离合器的释放,在停车锁止完成以及驾驶员解除加速器踏板的踩下之前进行,也会发生这样的下滑。
发明内容
本发明着眼于上述技术问题而创立的,其目的在于,提供一种自动变速器,在线控停车式的自动变速器中,在上坡路上驾驶员踩下加速器踏板使驱动力和坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,即使在驾驶员将换挡机构(shifter)操作为P挡位的情况下,也能够使车辆不发生下滑。
根据本发明某方式,提供一种自动变速器,其具备:停车锁止机构,其可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转;促动器,其驱动所述停车锁止机构;以及控制单元,其在所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时驱动所述促动器,其中,在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,即使换挡机构被操作为P挡位,所述控制单元也不会将所述自动变速器的设定挡位设定为P挡位。
根据本发明的其它的方式,提供一种自动变速器,其具备:停车锁止机构,其可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转;促动器,其驱动所述停车锁止机构;以及控制单元,其在所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时驱动所述促动器,其中,在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,当换挡机构被操作为P挡位而使所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时,所述控制单元驱动所述促动器,并且通过自动制动装置向所述车辆施加制动力。
根据本发明的再其它的方式,提供一种自动变速器,其具备:停车锁止机构,其可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转;促动器,其使所述停车锁止机构动作;以及控制单元,其在所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时驱动所述促动器,其中,在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,当换挡机构被操作为P挡位而使所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时,所述控制单元驱动所述促动器,并且向发动机指示维持节气门开度,将所述自动变速器的动力传递离合器维持为联接状态。
另外,本发明提供与上述自动变速器相对应的自动变速器的控制方法。
根据上述的方式,在上坡路上驾驶员踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,即使在驾驶员将换挡机构操作为P挡位的情况下,也能够防止车辆下滑。
附图说明
图1是具备本发明实施方式的自动变速器的车辆的概略结构图;
图2是表示停车锁止控制的内容的流程图;
图3是用于说明本发明实施方式的动作的时间图;
图4是表示停车锁止控制的另一示例的内容的流程图;
图5是用于说明本发明实施方式的动作的时间图;
图6是表示停车锁止控制的又一其他示例的内容的流程图;
图7用于说明本发明实施方式的动作的时间图。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图对本发明的实施方式进行说明。
图1是车辆的概略结构图。车辆具备发动机1作为动力源。发动机1的动力经由自动变速器TM、差动装置4传递给驱动轮5。
自动变速器TM由液力变换器2和变速机构3构成。自动变速器TM,作为挡位具有:前进(D)挡位、倒车(R)挡位、空挡(N)挡位、驻车(P)挡位等,可以将其中的任意一个作为设定挡位进行设定。D挡位和R挡位构成行驶挡位,N挡位和P挡位构成非行驶挡位。
自动变速器TM的设定挡位,通过驾驶员操作换挡机构6而进行设定。换挡机构6例如是操作后自动恢复到中立位置的瞬时式换挡杆,但也可以是按钮式的换挡开关。通过换挡机构6选择了哪一个挡位,由换挡位置传感器21检测出。
变速机构3是有级的自动变速机构,具有行星齿轮机构、以及多个摩擦卡合元件而构成。变速机构3能够通过改变多个摩擦卡合元件的联接状态来切换传动比以及前进后退。在以下的说明中,将自动变速器TM的设定挡位被设定为行驶挡位时联接的离合器、制动器统称为动力传递离合器33。
变速机构3还具有控制阀部31和停车模块32而构成。控制阀部31具有控制变速机构3的多个摩擦卡合元件的动作油压的多个电磁线圈而构成。
停车模块32在驻车时将变速机构3的输出轴机械锁止。在自动变速器TM的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时,利用促动器32a将停车杆32b驱动到锁止位置。由此,未图示的卡合爪与设置于变速机构3的输出轴上的未图示的停车齿轮卡合,使变速机构3的输出轴机械地锁止(停车锁止状态)。与此相对,当自动变速器TM的设定挡位被设定为除P挡位之外的其他挡位时,利用促动器32a将停车杆32b驱动到锁止解除位置。由此,未图示的卡合爪与停车齿轮的卡合解除,变速机构3的输出轴的锁止被解除(停车锁止解除状态)。
驱动轮5以及未图示的从动轮上设置有油压式的制动装置7。由制动装置7向车辆作用的制动力对应驾驶员的制动踏板的踩下量而被调整,另外,也可以接收来自后述的BCU60的信号而在任意的时间对车辆施加制动力。
ATCU10是自动变速器控制单元,进行自动变速器TM的控制。向ATCU10输入来自检测出作为加速器踏板的操作量的加速器踏板开度APO的加速器踏板开度传感器11、检测出车速VSP的车速传感器12、检测出停车模块32的停车杆32b的位置的停车位置传感器13、检测出本车辆位置所在路面的坡度的坡度传感器14、以及检测出制动踏板的踩下有无的制动开关15等的信号。
ATCU10经由CAN70与SCU20、ECU30、BCM40、MCU50、以及BCU60可相互通信而连接。
SCU20是换挡控制单元。SCU20基于来自换挡位置传感器21的信号生成与通过换挡机构6所选择的挡位相对应的请求挡位信号,并输出给ATCU10。
ATCU10基于来自SCU20的请求挡位信号来设定自动变速器TM的设定挡位。ATCU10对应自动变速器TM的设定挡位向控制阀部31输出后面即将说明的控制指令值。
当将自动变速器TM的挡位设定为D挡位时,ATCU10基于车速VSP、加速器踏板开度APO来参照变速图而确定目标变速级,并向控制阀部31输出用于实现目标变速级的控制指令值。由此,对应控制指令值而控制多个电磁线圈,并调整多个摩擦卡合元件的动作油压,从而实现目标变速级。
当将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为R挡位时,ATCU10将目标变速级确定为后退级,并向控制阀部31输出用于实现目标变速级的控制指令值。该情况下,为实现后退级而控制多个电磁线圈。
当将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位或者N挡位时,ATCU10向控制阀部31输出用于释放动力传递离合器33的控制指令值。在设定挡位为P挡位的情况下,进一步,ATCU10使停车模块32的促动器32a动作,将自动变速器TM设为停车锁止状态。
ECU30是发动机控制单元,控制发送机1。ECU30将发动机1的转速NE、以及节气门开度TVO等输出给ATCU10。
BCM40是车身控制模块,控制车体侧动作元件。车体侧动作元件例如是车辆的车门锁止机构等,包含发动机1的起动器。BCM40将检测出车辆的车门锁止的车门锁止开关的接通/断开信号、以及发动机1的点火开关的接通/断开信号等输出给ATCU10。
MCU50是仪表盘控制单元,控制设于车内的仪表、警示灯、显示器、表示自动变速器TM的设定挡位的挡位显示器51等。
BCU60是制动控制模块,控制制动装置7的制动力。
但是,从换挡机构6被操作为P挡位到自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成为止存在时滞。由于当换挡机构6被操作为P挡位的状况下,通常驾驶员会踩下制动踏板,因此,即使是在上坡路上也不会发生由该时滞的原因而引起的车辆下滑。
但是,在上坡路上驾驶员踩下加速器踏板使驱动力和坡度阻力相互平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,则车辆存在下滑(回滚)的可能性。这是由于车辆处于停车中,在停车锁止完成之前驾驶员误认为停车锁止已经完成,从而驾驶员解除了加速器踏板的踩下而造成的。
于是,本实施方式的自动变速器TM中,通过执行以下说明的停车锁止控制,而防止车辆的下滑。
图2表示了ATCU10执行的停车锁止控制的内容。
对其进行说明如下,在步骤S11中,ATCU10基于来自换挡位置传感器21的信号对换挡机构6是否被从D挡位、R挡位等行驶挡位操作为P挡位进行判断。
当判断为换挡机构6被从行驶挡位操作为P挡位时,则ATCU10因有P挡位操作而将处理进入到步骤S12。直到步骤S11的判断是判断为换挡机构6从行驶挡位被操作为P挡位为止反复执行。
在步骤S12中,ATCU10基于加速器踏板开度APO、车速VSP、坡度传感器14的检测值,对车辆是否是处于上坡路上且踩下加速器踏板使驱动力和坡度阻力相互平衡的加速器踏板接通平衡状态进行判断。具体地,在加速器踏板开度APO比零大、车速SVP为零、且坡度传感器14的检测值显示为处于上坡路的情况下,则ATCU10判断为是加速器踏板接通平衡状态。
当ATCU10判断为是加速器踏板接通平衡状态时,将处理进入步骤S13,如果不是,则将处理进入步骤S15。
在步骤S13中,ATCU10基于来自制动开关15的信号对制动踏板是否被踩下进行判断。
当ATCU10判断为制动踏板被踩下时,将处理进入步骤S15,如果不是,则将处理进入步骤S14。
在步骤S14中,ATCU10将自动变速器TM的设定挡位维持为换挡机构6被操作为P挡位之前的挡位(P挡位设定禁止)。即,自动变速器TM的设定挡位不会被设定为P挡位,促动器32a不会被驱动到锁止位置,自动变速器TM保持停车锁止解除状态。另外,挡位显示器51的显示保持换挡机构6被操作为P挡位之前的挡位。
相对于此,在步骤S15中,ATCU10将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位。由此,促动器32a被驱动到锁止位置,自动变速器TM变为停车锁止状态。另外,ATCU10将挡位显示器51的显示变更为P挡位。
图3是表示在上坡路上处于加速器踏板接通平衡状态时的进行上述停车锁止控制的时间图。实线表示本实施方式,虚线表示当换挡机构6被操作为P挡位时一定将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位的比较例。
当在时刻t11换挡机构6被从D挡位操作为P挡位时,比较例中,对应换挡机构6的操作而自动变速器TM的设定挡位被变更为P挡位。由于从自动变速器TM的设定挡位被变更为P挡位到促动器32a被驱动到锁止位置从而自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成为止存在时滞,因此,在时刻t11的时间点自动变速器TM仍然是处于停车锁止解除状态。
但是,在加速器踏板接通平衡状态下,车辆处于停车中,进而,由于接收到自动变速器TM的设定挡位被变更为P挡位而使得挡位显示器51的显示变更为P挡位,因此,驾驶员容易误认为自动变速器TM变为停车锁止状态,从而解除加速器踏板的踩下。比较例中在时刻t12解除了加速器踏板的踩下。
当在加速器踏板接通平衡状态下解除了加速器踏板的踩下时,则车辆的驱动力仅为爬行力且比坡度阻力小,因此车辆由于自重而开始下滑(时刻t12~t13)。
进一步,当因接收到自动变速器TM的挡位被变更为P挡位而在时刻t13释放动力传递离合器33时,则车辆的驱动力变为零,车辆的下滑进一步显著。车辆的下滑一直继续到自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成的时刻t14为止。
其中,在该示例中,加速器踏板的踩下被解除之后动力传递离合器33被释放,但由于当动力传递离合器33被释放时车辆的驱动力立即变为零,因此,即使该顺序反过来也同样会发生车辆的下滑。
相对于此,在本实施方式中,在车辆位于上坡路且处于加速器踏板接通平衡状态的情况下,即使换挡机构6被操作为P挡位,自动变速器TM的设定挡位也不会被设定为P挡位(时刻t11)。
如果自动变速器TM的设定挡位不被设定为P挡位,则挡位显示器51的显示也不会变成P挡位,从而能够使驾驶员认识为自动变速器TM的停车锁止还没有完成。由此,能够防止因驾驶员误认为自动变速器TM的停车锁止已经完成而解除加速器踏板的踩下而引起的车辆的下滑。
另外,让驾驶员认识到自动变速器TM的设定挡位没有被设定为P挡位的方式并不局限于挡位显示器51的显示,也可以是发出警报音、以及在显示器上显示警告信息等方式。
另外,在踩下制动踏板而无需担心车辆下滑的状况下,将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位(图2的步骤S13→步骤S15),因此,能够减少换挡机构6的操作与自动变速器TM的设定挡位不一致的状况,从而能够抑制由于不一致而对驾驶员造成的不适感。
接着,对停车锁止控制的另一示例进行说明。
图4表示了ATCU10执行的停车锁止控制的另一示例的内容。
对其进行说明如下,步骤S21、S22的处理与图2的步骤S11、S12的处理相同,ATCU10对换挡机构6是否被从行驶挡位操作为P挡位、以及是否是加速器踏板接通平衡状态进行判断,当判断为换挡机构6被从行驶挡位操作为P挡位且是加速器踏板接通平衡状态时,则将处理进入到步骤S23。
在步骤S23中,ATCU10将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位。由此,促动器32a被向锁止位置驱动。
但是,从促动器32a到达锁止位置到自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成为止存在时滞,因此,为了防止在此期间的车辆下滑,ATCU10在步骤S24中向BCU60发出使制动装置7动作的指示,利用制动装置7向车辆施加制动力(自动制动动作)。
而且,在步骤S25中,ATCU10基于来自停车位置传感器13的信号对停车杆32b是否到达锁止位置、即自动变速器TM的停车锁止是否完成进行监视。
如果自动变速器TM的停车锁止已完成,则ATCU10将处理进入步骤S26,向BCU60发出结束制动装置7的自动制动的指令。
另一方面,当在步骤S21、S22中判断为是加速器踏板接通平衡状态之外的情况下的P挡位操作时,则ATCU10将处理进入到步骤S27,只进行将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位的处理(通常处理)。
图5是表示在上坡路上处于加速器踏板接通平衡状态时的进行上述停车锁止控制的另一示例的时间图。
在时刻t21换挡机构6被从D挡位操作为P挡位时,自动变速器TM的设定挡位被设定为P挡位,向车辆施加制动装置7的自动制动。
车辆处于停车中,挡位显示器51的显示也变更为P挡位,存在驾驶员误认为自动变速器TM的停车锁止已经完成,从而解除加速器踏板的踩下的可能性。另外,也存在因接收到自动变速器TM的挡位被变更为P挡位而在自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成之前释放动力传递离合器33的可能性。
但是,在该示例中,在时刻t21之后,由于向车辆施加了制动装置7的自动制动,因此,即使在时刻t22加速器踏板的踩下被解除,在时刻t23动力传递离合器33被释放,也不会发生车辆的下滑。
而且,由于制动装置7的自动制动是在时刻t24自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成之后解除,因此,能够确保防止车辆的下滑。
如上所述,在上述停车锁止控制的其他示例中也可以有效地防止车辆的下滑。
其中,在该示例中,自动制动是通过制动装置7而施加的,但也可以具备与制动装置7不同的电驱动的其他制动装置,利用其施加自动制动。或者,也可以通过将本来不使其同时联接的摩擦卡合元件变为同时联接而锁止自动变速器TM的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转,从而施加自动制动。
接着,对停车锁止控制的又一示例进行说明。
图6表示了ATCU10执行的停车锁止控制的又一示例的内容。
对其进行说明如下,步骤S31、S32的处理与图2的步骤S11、S12的处理相同,ATCU10对换挡机构6是否被从行驶挡位操作为P挡位、以及是否是加速器踏板接通平衡状态进行判断,当判断为换挡机构6被从行驶挡位操作为P挡位且是加速器踏板接通平衡状态时,则将处理进入到步骤S33。
在步骤S33中,ATCU10将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位。由此,促动器32a被向锁止位置驱动。
但是,从促动器32a到达锁止位置到自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成为止存在时滞,因此为了防止在此期间的车辆下滑,ATCU10在步骤S34中向ECU30发出使发动机1的节气门开度TVO保持该时间点开度的指示,并且将动力传递离合器33维持在联接状态。由此,无关驾驶员的加速器踏板操作,继续保持加速器踏板接通平衡状态。
然后,在步骤S35中,ATCU10基于来自停车位置传感器13的信号对停车杆32b是否到达锁止位置、即自动变速器TM的停车锁止是否完成进行监视。
如果自动变速器TM的停车锁止已完成,则ATCU10将处理进入步骤S36,结束维持发动机1的节气门开度TVO的指令,释放动力传递离合器33。
另一方面,当在步骤S31、S32中判断为是加速器踏板接通平衡状态之外的情况下的P挡位操作时,则ATCU10将处理进入到步骤S37,只进行将自动变速器TM的设定挡位设定为P挡位的处理(通常处理)。
图7是表示在上坡路上处于加速器踏板接通平衡状态时的进行上述停车锁止控制的又一示例的时间图。
当在时刻t31换挡机构6被从D挡位操作为P挡位时,自动变速器TM的设定挡位被设定为P挡位,使发动机1的节气门开度TVO维持该时间点的开度,并且,使动力传递离合器33无关自动变速器TM的设定挡位而维持在联接状态。
当车辆处于停车中,挡位显示器51的显示也为P挡位时,则存在驾驶员误认为自动变速器TM的停车锁止已经完成,从而解除加速器踏板的踩下的可能性。另外,也存在因接收到自动变速器TM的挡位被变更为P挡位而在自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成之前释放动力传递离合器33的可能性。
但是,在该示例中,在时刻t31之后,由于使发动机1的节气门开度TVO维持为该时间点的开度,而且,将动力传递离合器33保持在联接状态,因此即使在时刻t32解除了加速器踏板的踩下,也能够保持车辆的驱动力与坡度阻力相平衡的加速器踏板接通平衡状态,不会发生车辆的下滑。
而且,由于节气门开度TVO的维持和动力传递离合器33的联接维持是在时刻t33自动变速器TM的停车锁止完成之后结束,因此,能够确保防止车辆的下滑。
如上所述,在上述停车锁止控制的又一其他示例中也可以有效地防止车辆的下滑。
以上,对本发明的实施方式进行了说明,但上述实施方式仅仅是表示本发明的一个适用例而已,并不是将本发明的技术范围限制为上述实施方式的具体构成。
本申请主张基于日本国特许厅2016年9月14日申请的特愿2016-179311号的优先权,该申请的全部内容作为参考被编入到本说明书中。

Claims (9)

1.一种自动变速器,具备:
停车锁止机构,其可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转;
促动器,其驱动所述停车锁止机构;以及
控制单元,其在所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时驱动所述促动器,其中,
在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,即使换挡机构被操作为P挡位,所述控制单元也不会将所述自动变速器的设定挡位设定为P挡位。
2.如权利要求1所述的自动变速器,其中,
即使在上述的状况下,在制动踏板被踩下的情况下,当所述换挡机构被操作为P挡位时,所述控制单元将所述自动变速器的设定挡位设定为P挡位。
3.一种自动变速器,具备:
停车锁止机构,其可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转;
促动器,其驱动所述停车锁止机构;以及
控制单元,其在所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时驱动所述促动器,其中,
在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,当换挡机构被操作为P挡位而使所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时,所述控制单元驱动所述促动器,并且通过自动制动装置向所述车辆施加制动力。
4.如权利要求3所述的自动变速器,其中,
在完成了利用所述停车锁止机构对所述自动变速器的输出轴的锁止之后,所述控制单元结束所述自动制动装置向所述车辆施加制动力。
5.一种自动变速器,具备:
停车锁止机构,其可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转;
促动器,其使所述停车锁止机构动作;以及
控制单元,其在所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时驱动所述促动器,其中,
在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,当换挡机构被操作为P挡位而使所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时,所述控制单元驱动所述促动器,并且向发动机指示维持节气门开度,将所述自动变速器的动力传递离合器维持为联接状态。
6.如权利要求5所述的自动变速器,其中,
在完成了利用所述停车锁止机构对所述自动变速器的输出轴的锁止之后,所述控制单元结束向所述发动机的节气门开度维持的指示,并释放所述自动变速器的动力传递离合器。
7.一种自动变速器的控制方法,该自动变速器具备:可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转的停车锁止机构、以及驱动所述停车锁止机构的促动器,其中,
在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,即使换挡机构被操作为P挡位,也不会将所述自动变速器的设定挡位设定为P挡位。
8.一种自动变速器的控制方法,该自动变速器具备:可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转的停车锁止机构、以及驱动所述停车锁止机构的促动器,其中,
在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,当换挡机构被操作为P挡位而使所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时,驱动所述促动器,并且通过自动制动装置向所述车辆施加制动力。
9.一种自动变速器的控制方法,该自动变速器具备:可锁止自动变速器的输出轴使该输出轴不能旋转的停车锁止机构、以及使所述停车锁止机构动作的促动器,其中,
在上坡路上踩下加速器踏板使驱动力与坡度阻力保持平衡而车辆处于停车的状况下,当换挡机构被操作为P挡位而使所述自动变速器的设定挡位被设定为P挡位时,驱动所述促动器,并且向发动机指示维持节气门开度,将所述自动变速器的动力传递离合器维持为联接状态。
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