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CN1093251C - 传热构件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

传热构件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1093251C
CN1093251C CN94194593A CN94194593A CN1093251C CN 1093251 C CN1093251 C CN 1093251C CN 94194593 A CN94194593 A CN 94194593A CN 94194593 A CN94194593 A CN 94194593A CN 1093251 C CN1093251 C CN 1093251C
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
metal powder
heat transfer
copper
transfer member
synthetic resin
Prior art date
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN94194593A
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English (en)
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CN1138374A (zh
Inventor
内田达也
平塚初枝
上方康雄
吉田健
平井秀文
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Resonac Corp
Original Assignee
Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
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Priority claimed from JP33320293A external-priority patent/JP3476092B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP28183994A external-priority patent/JPH08145592A/ja
Application filed by Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd
Publication of CN1138374A publication Critical patent/CN1138374A/zh
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Publication of CN1093251C publication Critical patent/CN1093251C/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/70—Waterborne solar heat collector modules
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/04—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling
    • A23B7/0425—Freezing; Subsequent thawing; Cooling the material not being transported through or in the apparatus, with or without shaping, e.g. in the form of powder, granules or flakes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
    • A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
    • A23B7/148—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor in a controlled atmosphere, e.g. partial vacuum, comprising only CO2, N2, O2 or H2O
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
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    • B22F3/1103—Making porous workpieces or articles with particular physical characteristics
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    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
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    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/10—Sintering only
    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
    • B22F3/1125—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers involving a foaming process
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    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
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    • B22F3/11—Making porous workpieces or articles
    • B22F3/1121—Making porous workpieces or articles by using decomposable, meltable or sublimatable fillers
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    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
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    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/002—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature
    • B22F7/004—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part
    • B22F7/006—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of porous nature comprising at least one non-porous part the porous part being obtained by foaming
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K7/00—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves
    • F16K7/10—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with inflatable member
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/10—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
    • F16L55/12—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses by introducing into the pipe a member expandable in situ
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00—Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/10—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses
    • F16L55/12—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses by introducing into the pipe a member expandable in situ
    • F16L55/128—Means for stopping flow from or in pipes or hoses by introducing into the pipe a member expandable in situ introduced axially into the pipe or hose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
    • F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/79—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with spaced and opposed interacting reflective surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
    • F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
    • F24S23/80—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors having discontinuous faces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S30/00—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules
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    • F24S30/45—Arrangements for moving or orienting solar heat collector modules for rotary movement with two rotation axes
    • F24S30/452—Vertical primary axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
    • F25D17/04—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating air, e.g. by convection
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    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
    • F25D25/02—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by shelves
    • F25D25/021—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by shelves combined with trays
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D25/00—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled
    • F25D25/02—Charging, supporting, and discharging the articles to be cooled by shelves
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    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/003—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/18—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by applying coatings, e.g. radiation-absorbing, radiation-reflecting; by surface treatment, e.g. polishing
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    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
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    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2317/00—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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    • F25D2317/061—Details or arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Details or arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces, not provided for in other groups of this subclass with forced air circulation through special compartments
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    • Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
    • Y02A40/963—Off-grid food refrigeration
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    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
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Abstract

本发明提供一种可使已有的带有散热片的传热管和传热板大幅度提高传热效率的传热管和传热板。在气相中，将预先涂布粘接剂的合成树脂发泡体粘附氧化铜粉之后，使其与粘附同一金属粉的铜板单面叠放，用压辊机轻轻地压接层压。然后，在燃烧中使合成树脂发泡体烧失，在铜板上获得氧化铜的金属发泡体。在氢还原炉等还原气氛中将其还原烧结，即可得到单面具有铜板的铜发泡体。这种铜发泡体可直接用作热交换器的传热板加工材料。

Description

传热构件及其制造方法
本发明涉及各种产业领域所使用的进行热交换的传热管和传热板等传热构件及其制造方法。
从前，在进行液体—液体、液体—气体、气体—气体之间等的热交换时，通常使用导热性高的铜或铝金属制的传热管和传热板。然而，热交换量取决于各热媒体间的温度差、传热特性和传热面积等。尤其，在需要热交换器小型化时，不仅要使用导热性能高的材料，而且通过在传热管或传热板表面加设散热片的方法增加传热面积，尤其通过设计加热片结构，使热媒体产生湍流，谋求增加导热特性。另外，日本专利第1435526号和特开平4-110597号公报中提出，采用粘附多孔铜或多孔铜合金或发泡体的方法，同时增加传热面积和导热特性，以使热交换器小型化。
然而，上述专利第1435526号和特开平4-110597号公报中，所提到的粘附多孔铜或多孔铜合金或发泡体时，为了与传热构件的结合与粘附，采用了下列方法，即在第一件专利中，采用了向发泡体形状铸模中注入熔融金属并使之凝固后，使发泡体形状铸模熔融的方法，在第二件专利中，为了使多孔体与传热构件的牢固结合，最终工艺中需采用压接、铜焊、电镀等更多的手段，以上方法虽能获得增大必要的传热面积和导热特性的效果而需支出的设备费用和制造费用伴随着增加，而且还存在着制造工艺复杂的问题。另一个缺点是，上述两专利中制造传热管时，管内外不能同时粘附。
本发明就是要解决上述所存在的问题，提供在热导性良好的金属板或金属管等的传热构件主体上具有相当于单位容积的表面积大，而且空隙率大的多孔金属体的传热构件及其一整套的制造方法。
本发明通过加热氧化铜粉或氧化铜粉与其他镍、铝、铬、钯、银等金属的混合粉，利用作为金属的烧结性质，以及在金属板上进行而与金属板可形成一体的性质，得到了金属板和金属管内外一体粘附了三维网状结构的多孔金属体的传热管和传热板。
图1-3是表示本发明制造方法一实施例的工艺图，以下就图1-3进行说明。
图1中，将预先涂布粘接剂(粘附剂)的合成树脂发泡体在气相中粘附氧化铜粉或氧化铜与其他金属粉的混合金属粉，然后将粘附同一金属粉的铜板单面或双面地叠放，用压辊机轻轻地压接层压。此时，在合成树脂发泡体及铜板上的粘附量愈多，最终愈能使金属板与金属发泡体具有牢固的烧结一接合，而且还会增加金属板上的凹凸，并得到热导性和传热面积的增加。其次，在烧烧炉中，将这种层压体中的合成树脂发泡体烧失，即得到在铜板上以含有氧化铜或含氧化铜金属合金为基体的多孔金属体。然后，将其在氢还原炉等还原气氛中进行还原烧结，得到铜板单面或双面上具有的多孔铜或铜合金体。这样，这种多孔铜或铜合金体即可直接用作热交换器传热板的加工材料。但是，在将其用作传热管的场合下，铜或铜合金发泡体在还原烧结阶段，利用初始体积收缩的性质，即利用在铜板的周围产生铜或铜合金发泡体未粘附的剩余端部，在对相同方向的端部从内侧或外侧用辊压等方法对管子进行加工后，用铜焊或热熔的方法接合，即可得到管内外均粘附金属发泡体的传热管。
如图2所示，管外粘附金属发泡体的传热管以将粘附上述金属粉的合成树脂多孔体压接在粘附相同金属粉的铜管上的方法卷缠，同样进行燃烧—还原烧结，批量制造。
另一方面，管内粘附多孔金属体的传热管如图3所示，将粘附金属粉的合成树脂多孔体以圆筒状成形，嵌插入内部粘附相同金属粉的铜管上，同样可批量制造。这里，铜管内外同时粘附多孔金属体层的传热管如图2、3所示，对同一管作管外压接卷缠和管内嵌插入，同样可批量制造。
图5为管内外粘附多孔金属体层的传热管的侧视图，图中1和2为多孔金属体，3为铜管。
还有，粘附数层空隙孔径不同的多孔金属体层的传热管及传热板，在两种以上的空隙孔径不同的合成树脂发泡体上分别粘附金属粉后，利用辊压机等轻轻压接，制成层压体，再通过与上述目的的产品相应的工艺，便可制得。
作为金属粉，不仅可使用氧化铜粉和氧化铜与其他金属粉的混合金属粉，还可根据用途选择适宜的金属，如镍、铝、铬、钯和银等金属。金属粉的直径以0.1-50μm为宜。
图4为本发明制造方法另一实施例的工艺图。以下就图4进行说明。
为了得到与单位容积相应的表面积大而且空隙率大的多孔金属体，多孔金属体原材料可采用下列方法制得：
(1)使用粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体的方法，即在具有由加热烧失的材料所构成的三维网状结构体，例如聚氨酯泡沫塑料、聚乙烯泡沫塑料等连续发泡的合成树脂发泡体、天然纤维布、人造纤维布等基体上涂布粘接剂，并在气相中粘附单一金属粉、多数混合金属粉或微细的金属纤维等金属粉。
(2)使用板状成形体的方法，即使用由加热烧失的材料构成，而且可形成三维网状结构体的材料，例如纸浆或羊毛纤维等纤维，使金属粉在这种纸浆或羊毛纤维等纤维中展平。
(3)使用浆状树脂的方法，即发泡的氨基甲酸乙酯或发泡的聚乙烯等发泡以前的合成树脂与金属粉或微细金属纤维等金属粉状物混炼。
其次，金属构件主体的层压或接合方法，在上述(3)的场合下，预先将浆状树脂在金属构件上面涂布；或者若是金属管，经过充填浆状树脂之后，使之发泡、烧结即可。
在上述(1)和(2)的方法中，在金属板的场合下，对粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体等进行金属板的单面或双面压接。而且，在两枚金属板之间作挟入压接。此时，为了使粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体等与传热构件主体可有强度较大的接合，最好是在金属板表面涂布粘接剂，尤其要粘附如上所述的相同材料的金属粉，或者通过涂布与相同材料金属粉混炼的粘接剂等方法粘附金属粉。即是说，用强化构件主体与多孔金属体的烧结来增加金属粉之间的接触，增加了相互的固定效果而且也有助于增加表面积。
金属管的场合也是相同的。最好是，预先在金属管表面粘附金属粉，压接粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体。此时，金属管外表面通过螺旋卷缠很容易被覆盖，但是，向管内表面的覆盖，要预先作成比金属管内径稍大的外形圆筒状的粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体等，然后将其嵌入。其次，粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体等，可以对纲孔径，即气孔径不同的结构体预先以数层叠放进行压接，也可进行数次层压。对于向涂布浆状树脂的传热构件上粘附金属粉的三维网状结构件，也可进行层压压接。由粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体包入多数金属管，同时将粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体作成整体形状，贯通多根金属管，使其成为一体，也可制成立体的传热构件。
粘附金属粉后且在热处理前的基体用液体湿润，此后通过干燥即可使金属粉体致密地粘附在基体上。因此，经过热处理后，便可得到强度较大的多孔金属体。这是因为，用液体湿润存在于基体表面上的金属粉，在干燥过程中由于液体表面张力作用而使金属粉凝聚。湿润金属粉的方法是通过的液体浸渍和液体向基体喷雾的方法进行的。液体的种类，可使用不降低基体与金属粉的粘接力的材料，而水是最适用的。另外，在这种液体中，通过添加甲基纤维素和聚乙烯醇等增粘性高分子等的粘合剂，更能提高烧成后的强度，也可以使用含金属离子的液体。例如，使用含铜离子的水溶液，能提高制作的铜网状结构体的强度，而使用含钴和铬的溶液，可控制导电率和热膨胀率。
下面将说明加热工艺
将粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体叠放在构件主体表面，将含有金属粉的板状成形体叠放在构件主体表面，或者将含有金属粉的合成树脂涂布在构件主体表面，使合成树脂发泡而作成三维网状结构体，然后加热，烧失除去三维网状结构体、纤维等基体和烧结金属粉，得到多孔金属体，同时使这种多孔金属体与构件主体表面热熔接而成为一体。这样，就需要除去三维网状结构体等基础材料和烧结金属粉，尤其要烧结构件主体，并使其成为一体。这种温度最好不是高温。
首先，基础材料和粘接材料的除去方法是，动、植物纤维和合成树脂都是在惰性或还原气氛中进行加热焙烧，在氧化气氛中进行加热燃烧即可烧失除去。此时，金属粉若是金属氧化物，在惰性或还原气氛中，金属氧化物中的氧由于基础材料中的碳和氢源的加热焙烧而被消耗掉，同时金属粉作为纯金属烧结。可在惰性气氛中，氮、氩、氢等气体中进行，在还原气氛中，氢气、烃类气体、水煤气和氨气等气体中进行，尤其，也可以使基体与烃类化合物、硫化物、磷化物以及氢化物进行予混和混炼。然而，所用的三维网状结构体等的基础材料在惰性气氛、还原气氛中，难气化易碳化的场合，导入空气，在氧化气氛中进行燃烧、烧失。若是基础材料在惰性或还原气氛中加热焙烧可烧失除去的场合，就可直接烧结其金属粉，作成多孔金属体。导入空气后，在氧化气氛中将基础材料燃烧、烧失的场合，烧结金属粉，制作多孔金属体是在氢气、烃类气体、水煤气和氨气等还原气氛中进行的。此外，使用氧化物作金属粉的场合，多孔金属体的烧结是在还原气氛中进行的。此时作为还原气氛，不仅限于气相中，也可在液相中进行。即是说，在醇类、醛类、糖类和氢化物等水溶液中，通过调整液体温度和PH等的还原条件，即可进行。
这样，就烧结(加热)方法而论，作为隋性气氛，在气相中使用惰性气体，而作为还原气氛，在气相中使用还原气体，另外，还使用基础材料中还原物质的予混合或成形体中还原物质的予混合等方法。也可以合并使用氧化气氛(空气)和其以后的还原气氛(气相中还原气体、液相中还原溶液等)。
利用上述方法可得到经过烧结金属板和金属管等传热构件主体表面上的多孔金属体的传热构件，但是，作为最终增加这种传热构件的比表面积的方法，是在多孔金属体的基体上通过电镀或无电解镀可使微小的凹凸粘附。在电镀的场合，将传热构件作成阴极，在电镀浴中以较高的电流密度电镀相同的金属材料或可电镀的不同的金属材料，析出树枝状晶体的金属。在无电解镀的场合，通过使复载因数(电镀面积/电镀浴容积)变得较高的方法得到与电镀相同的金属析出。
其次，在考虑作为实际的传热材料使用时，使兼具耐腐蚀性的传热面(多孔金属体表面等)的预氧化、赋予传热面上的湿润性和防水性也是提高性能与特性的有效手段。
氧化可通过气相的加热氧化和臭氧氧化以及过氧化物水溶液(过氧化铵、高锰酸钾、高氯酸钠等水溶液)、碱水溶液等的液相氧化完成。
湿润性和防水性等可通过涂布硅酸盐系亲水性涂料或聚四氟乙烯(特氟隆)系涂料等得到。为了防腐蚀，利用含二氧化硅的亲水性涂料作涂层，就可通过提高湿润性能达到维持或提高传热性能。
补充解说如图4中的方法(2)，将铜粉或氧化铜粉或含有铜粉或氧化铜粉的金属粉与动、植物纤维或碳纤维或颗粒状活性碳混炼或展平的方法制成板状成形体，叠放在粘附铜粉或氧化铜粉或含有这两种粉的金属粉的金属铜板上，或者在金属管内面嵌入，在其外面边压接，边卷缠，或对管内外同时嵌入和卷缠，然后进行烧结，即可制造具有多孔金属体的传热构件。
如图6所示，将铜粉或氧化铜粉或含这两种粉的金属粉或微细金属短纤维混入可预先制作三维网状结构体的合成树脂中，将这种合成树脂注入到由几根金属管以给定的间隔立体配置的框体中的空隙部分，然后使这种合成树脂发泡，用发泡树脂充填空隙部分，此后将其烧结，便可制造多孔金属体粘附充填在铜管外的集合式传热构件。图6中4为铜管，5为框体，6为多孔金属体。
下面为附图的扼要说明
图1为本发明制造方法的工艺图。
图2为本发明制造方法的工艺图。
图3为本发明制造方法的工艺图。
图4为本发明制造方法的工艺图。
图5为本发明传热构件一实施例的侧视图。
图6为本发明传热构件一实施例的一部切口侧视图。
图7为本发明传热构件一实施例的侧视图。
图8为本发明传热构件一实施例的剖面图。
图9为本发明传热构件一实施例的剖面图。
图10为本发明传热构件一实施例的剖面图。
图11为本发明传热构件一实施例的剖面图。
图12为本发明传热构件一实施例的侧视图。
图13为本发明传热构件一实施例的侧视图。
图14为本发明传热构件一实施例的侧视图。
实施例1
使用厚3mm、宽5cm、长20cm的聚氨酯泡沫塑料(商品名“EVERLIGHT SF”by Bridgestone Inc.in Japan)a、b二种(a气泡平均孔径为0.6mm；b气泡平均孔径为0.8mm)。对这两种聚氨酯泡沫塑料涂布粘接剂(以甲乙酮为溶媒、含5％树脂的丙烯酸系粘接剂)，赋予其粘接性，然后进一步干燥。此后，将其插入氧化铜粉中摇动，并在气相中粘附后，在水中浸渍摇动，使氧化铜粉均匀地粘附在聚氨酯泡沫塑料的基体上。其次，使用厚0.8mm的铜板(宽度和长度与前相同)，同样涂布粘接剂并赋予粘接性之后，使氧化酮粉全面地、均匀地粘附。再者，铜管用厚0.8mm，外径10mm的，进行相同处理。首先传热板在聚氨酯泡沫塑料a的单面，在聚氨酯泡沫塑料b的双面上叠合并经轻轻压接之后，在500℃，10分钟在大气气氛中烧失聚氨酯泡沫塑料，此后，在900℃，在氢气的还原气氛中进行20分钟烧结，经过上述工艺过程得到了如图7、图8所示的、在多孔率96％的铜板单面或双面上粘附多孔金属体而成为一体的传热板。7是用聚氨酯泡沫塑料a得到的多孔金属体，8是用聚氨酯泡沫塑料b得到的多孔金属体，9是铜板。这里，通过将两枚以上的聚氨酯泡沫塑料a或聚氨酯泡沫塑料a和b叠合的相同工艺，也可得到如图9所示的传热板，这是一种粘附复合金属铜发泡体的与铜板一体化的传热板。此外，这里所得到的铜板上金属铜发泡体面积的收缩率约为50％，在铜板周围产生未被金属铜发泡体粘附的端部。为了使这种长度方向的端部之间的接合，要对传热板按幅度方向进行辊动加工，然后进行铜焊，得到在铜管内外粘附金属铜发泡体的传热管(分别如图10、图11所示)。图10、图11的10为铜焊部。
实施例2
使用实施例1中的聚氨酯泡沫塑料a和b以及铜管，制造了铜管外侧粘附金属铜发泡体的二种导热管。一种是将粘附氧化铜粉与微细镍粉(为氧化铜粉重量比的10％)混合粉的聚氨酯泡沫塑料b层压，另一种是将粘附混合粉的聚氨酯泡沫塑料a和b层压。将其分别以螺旋状压接在铜管上并卷缠，然后进行与实施例1相同的燃烧和还原烧结，即得到目的物一铜管外侧粘附金属发泡体的传热管。
实施例3
使用二枚实施例1中的聚氨酯泡沫塑料a与铜管，制作铜管内外粘附金属铜发泡体的传热管。二枚泡沫塑料a粘附氧化铜粉，其中一枚加工成外径比铜管内径稍大的圆筒状，以嵌入铜管内部周围的形式插入；另一枚在铜管上以螺旋状边压接，边卷缠，然后进行与实施例1相同的燃烧和还原烧结，得到目的物——铜管内外粘附金属铜发泡体的传热管。
实施例4
作为三维网状结构体，使用了9枚厚3mm、宽5mm、长20mm的聚氨酯泡沫塑料(商品名“EVER LIGHT SF”Bridgestone Inc.in Japan)，平均孔径0.6mm和3枚长60mm的泡沫塑料。在这些聚氨酯泡沫塑料上涂布粘接剂(以甲乙酮为溶媒、含树脂5％的丙烯酸系粘接剂)，赋予粘接性之后，进行干燥。将这些结构件分别插入氧化铜粉、铜粉和铜粉与镍粉的混合粉三种粉体中，摇动，在气相中充分粘附金属粉，然后在水中浸渍、摇动，使过剩粘附的金属粉剥离，同时使该金属粉均匀地粘附在聚氨酯泡沫塑料的基体上。另一方面，作为金属构件，要准备6枚具有相同面积、厚0.6mm的铜板，在铜板表面上使与之相对应的金属粉和粘接剂一起充分均匀的粘附。此外，作为金属管，要准备3枚直径约20mm的铜管。然后在铜管的外表面同样使与之相对应的金属粉与粘接剂一起充分地粘附。然后，使粘附金属粉的三种聚氨酯泡沫塑料与铜板及铜管进行层压接合。首先准备传热板，即将粘附三种金属粉的聚氨酯泡沫塑料在铜板单面和双面经辊压机轻轻地层压。同样，也准备了传热管，即将粘附三种金属粉的聚氨酯泡沫塑料压接、卷缠。其次，对这9种传热构件在电炉中边供给空气，边在500℃下加热，烧失了粘接剂和基体聚氨酯泡沫塑料。但是，金属粉在铜板上以具有三维网状结构体基体的烧结体的形式直接残留下来了。然后，将该材料再在电炉中约900℃下边加热，边导入氢、氮的混合气体，进行还原烧结。
其结果如图12、13、14所示，可得到三种形状的金属传热构件。图12、13、14中，11为铜板、12为铜管、13、14为多孔金属体。
此时，构件上的多孔金属铜体的空隙率均为96％，但是，以氧化铜作为金属粉材料的传热板和传热管上的金属铜三维网状结构体，在还原烧结中其体积收缩率约为50％，在传热板的周围和传热管的端部产生了未被粘附的部分。因此，采用将这样的传热板沿横向(宽方向)进行辊压加工，沿向(长方向)铜焊各端部的方法得到了管内外均具有多孔铜金属体的构件。
实施例5
作为三维网状结构体，使用了两枚厚3mm、宽5mm、长60mm的聚氨酯泡沫塑料(商品名″EVER LIGHT SF″by Brigestone Inc.in Japan)A、B(A：平均孔径0.6mm以及B：平均孔径0.8mm)。在这些聚氨酯泡沫塑料上涂布粘接剂，赋予粘接性之后，进行干燥。其次，将其插入在空气中流动的氧化铜粉中并使其粘附之后，浸渍在水中摇动，剥离过剩粘附的氧化铜粉，同时使其均匀地粘附在聚氨酯泡沫塑料的基体上。再其次，对两根内径约13mm、外径约16mm的铜管按实施例1相同的方式进行调整，在其一根中，先在表面上螺旋卷缠B，然后在B上卷缠A。同时并行，在其另一根中，先将A与B重叠做成圆筒状的泡沫塑料嵌入管内，B为管壁侧。还有，其中前者的一根在电炉中直接导入氮气和氢气的混合气体，在900℃下进行还原烧结。聚氨酯泡沫塑料气化后挥发散逸，而氧化铜粉还原为金属铜，变为气孔径不同的双层多孔铜金属体，而且由于收缩作用可得到管外全部被覆盖的传热管。此时，还原气体除氢气之外，还可使用烃类气体、硫化氢气体、氨气体和水煤气等。
另一方面，向其他管内插入的一根首先在电炉内导入空气，使聚氨酯泡沫塑料燃烧烧失后，在碱性溶液中添加具有还原作用的甲醛液，边加湿边进行化学还原，可得到与前者相同，在整个管内具有气孔径不同的双层多孔金属铜体(A、B)的传热管。还原液也可使用硼氢化钠或碳酸氢钠、硫化钠和醇等。然而，溶液还原法与气体还原法相比较，还原整个三维网状结构体的基体需要长时间，而且强度低，但是，溶液还原法要尽可能将金属粉作成微粉，可适用于作传热管用途。
实施例6
使微细的氧化铜粉和纸浆纤维以及粘接剂在溶液中分散后，抄纸，作成干燥的板。此时，氧化铜与纸浆的重量比以30％以上为适宜。与上述实施例1相同，将此种干燥板在铜板上或铜管中层压，然后在电炉内进行空气燃烧烧失(500℃)和氢气还原烧结(900℃)，可得到传热板或传热管。此时并行，利用纤维羊毛、甲基纤维素、活性碳纤维和颗粒状活性碳等制作干燥板，也可得到在传热构件上具有不同空隙率的多孔金属体。
实施例7
在预先混入发泡剂的聚氨酯树脂中混入微细的氧化铜粉，在铜板表面上涂布由溶剂赋予流动性的聚氨酯涂料，在铜管内部压入，外部涂布之后，加温使其发泡。采用与实施例4相同的方法，将上述材料在电炉中进行空气燃烧烧失(500℃)和氢气还原烧结(900℃)，得到表面与里面均具有多孔铜体的传热板、和管内里边与管外部全体均有多孔铜体的传热管。管内的多孔铜体的空隙率可通过变换发泡剂或温度等的发泡条件进行调节。此时，在这种涂料中混入硫、磷、硫化钠、碳酸氢钠、硼氢化钠等，只在无氧状态下加热，也可得到传热构件。
本发明的传热构件与已有的带散热片的传热管或传热板相比较，可大幅度地提高其传热效率。
还有，根据本发明，与已有的粘附由铜或铜合金所组成的发泡体的传热管或传热板相比较，在性能方面，通过结合各粉体的原理，即形成多孔金属体与传热管的牢固烧结，大幅度地改善了热导性。此外，通过多层化或复层化，提高了由于热媒体流束的扩散而导致的传热面表面的湍流化，也增加了热导率。
尤其，已有的制造方法要求有很多的工艺和高的加工精度，而本发明通过极其简单的工艺可制造一体化的传热板和传热管。

Claims (8)

1.一种传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，在气相中，使三维网状结构体粘附金属粉，将这种粘附金属粉的三维网状结构体与构件主体表面叠放在一起，加热，进行烧失除去三维网状结构体和金属粉的烧结，得到多孔金属体，同时使这种多孔金属体熔接在构件主体表面而成为一体。
2.如权利要求1所述的传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，构件主体表面粘附金属粉。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述的金属粉是氧化铜粉或含氧化铜粉的金属粉。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，在氧化气氛中进行烧失除去三维网状结构体或纤维，在还原气氛中进行金属粉的烧结。
5.如权利要求1所述的传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，所述的三维网状结构体为合成树脂发泡体。
6.如权利要求5所述的传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，将粘附金属粉的合成树脂发泡体边压接在粘附的金属粉的铜管外部，边卷缠，然后在氧化气氛中烧失除去合成树脂发泡体之后，在还原气氛中进行金属粉的烧结。
7.如权利要求5所述的传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，将粘附金属粉的合成树脂发泡体作成圆筒状嵌入铜管内，然后在氧化气氛中烧失除去合成树脂发泡体之后，在还原气氛中进行金属粉的烧结。
8.如权利要求5所述的传热构件的制造方法，其特征在于，将粘附金属粉的合成树脂发泡体边压接在粘附的金属粉的铜管外部边卷缠，并且同时将粘附金属粉的合成树脂发泡体作成圆筒状嵌入铜管内，然后在氧化气氛中烧失除去合成树脂发泡体之后，在还原气氛中进行金属粉的烧结。
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EP0744586A1 (en) 1996-11-27
TW289084B (zh) 1996-10-21
WO1995018350A1 (fr) 1995-07-06
DE69433629D1 (de) 2004-04-22

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