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CN1092658C - 5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2(1h)-吲哚-2-酮(ziprasidone)的甲磺酸盐三水合物,其制备及其作为多巴胺d2拮抗物的用途 - Google Patents

5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2(1h)-吲哚-2-酮(ziprasidone)的甲磺酸盐三水合物,其制备及其作为多巴胺d2拮抗物的用途 Download PDF

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CN1092658C
CN1092658C CN97194243A CN97194243A CN1092658C CN 1092658 C CN1092658 C CN 1092658C CN 97194243 A CN97194243 A CN 97194243A CN 97194243 A CN97194243 A CN 97194243A CN 1092658 C CN1092658 C CN 1092658C
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indol
dihydro
ziprasidone
mesylate trihydrate
chloro
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CN1216990A (zh
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弗兰克·R·布希
卡罗尔·A·罗斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-y1)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐三水合物,含有所述甲磺酸盐三水合物的药物组合物,和用所述的甲磺酸盐三水合物治疗精神障碍性疾病的方法。

Description

5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2(1H)-吲哚-2-酮(ZIPRASIDONE)的甲磺酸盐三水合物,其制备及其作为多巴胺D2拮抗物的用途
二氢-2(1H)-吲哚-2-酮(ZIPRASIDONE)的甲磺酸盐三
水合物,其制备及其作为多巴胺D2拮抗物的用途
发明背景
本发明涉及5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮的甲磺酸盐三水合物(此后称ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物),含ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物的药物组合物和使用ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物治疗精神障碍性疾病的方法。ziprasidone是有效的精神障碍性疾病药物,因此用于治疗包括精神分裂症、偏头痛和焦虑在内的各种疾病是有效的。美国专利5,312,925涉及ziprasidone盐酸盐一水合物,并指出ziprasidone盐酸盐一水合物具有充分的吸湿稳定性,可以缓解在生产胶囊或药片过程中有效成分重量改变这一潜在问题。美国专利5,312,925全文在此作为参考。但ziprasidone盐酸盐一水合物的水溶性较差,因此更适于制成胶囊或片剂,而不是用注射剂的剂型。
ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物也具有吸湿稳定性。ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物还具有另外的一项优点即它具有比ziprasidone盐酸盐一水合物明显增强的水溶性,这一优点使它比ziprasidone盐酸盐一水合物更适于采用注射剂的剂型。并且,在ziprasidone甲磺酸盐的四种晶体形态中,ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物在室温下在水介质中热力学最稳定。这使ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物更适于制备含有水介质的稳定而剂量精确的药剂。
发明概要
本发明涉及5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐三水合物。
本发明还涉及治疗精神障碍性疾病,如精神分裂症、偏头痛或焦虑的药物组合物,此药物组合物含有一定量的治疗所述疾病有效的5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐三水合物和药学能接受的载体。
本发明还涉及治疗哺乳动物,包括人在内的诸如精神分裂症、偏头痛或焦虑等精神障碍性疾病的方法,此方法包括给哺乳动物使用一定量的、治疗所述疾病有效的5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐三水合物。
图表说明
图1用强度(Cps)对衍射角(2θ)表示的ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物的X射线粉末衍射光谱。
图2用单晶X射线晶体几何学分析法确定的ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物的结构。
图3是ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物(柱晶)的显微照片。
表1是根据衍射角(2θ)、d-间距(d-spacing)、最大强度(max.int.)和相对强度(rel.int.)确定的图1光谱中的选定峰。
表1         ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物
              X-射线粉末衍射数据
2-θ(度) D-间距(度)     最大强度(计数/秒) 相对强度(%)
    7.680     11.5025     84.00     8.54
    9.657     9.1515     216.00     21.95
    10.827     8.1650     48.00     4.88
    12.205     7.2455     216.00     21.95
    13.203     6.7002     803.00     81.61
    13.564     6.5227     329.00     33.43
    15.240     5.8089     191.00     19.41
    15.507     5.7095     388.00     39.43
    15.923     5.5612     836.00     84.96
    16.680     5.3106     100.00     10.16
    17.000     5.2112     103.00     10.47
    17.946     4.9386     428.00     43.50
2-θ(度) D-间距(度)     最大强度(计数/秒) 相对强度(%)
    18.794     4.7178     383.00     38.92
    19.881     4.4622     195.00     19.82
    20.491     4.3306     93.00     9.45
    21.585     4.1136     603.00     61.28
    22.179     4.0047     984.00     100.00
    23.472     3.7870     282.00     28.66
    24.359     3.6511     240.00     24.39
    24.918     3.5705     429.00     43.60
    25.280     3.5201     159.00     16.16
    26.034     3.4198     221.00     22.46
    26.832     3.3199     196.00     19.92
    27.594     3.2300     132.00     13.41
    28.299     3.1511     261.00     26.52
    29.151     3.0608     86.00     8.74
    29.819     2.9938     197.00     20.02
    30.361     2.9415     138.00     14.02
    30.792     2.9014     112.00     11.38
    32.448     2.7570     102.00     10.37
    33.559     2.6682     73.00     7.42
    34.264     2.6149     159.00     16.16
    35.069     2.5567     165.00     16.77
    35.742     2.5100     84.00     8.54
    38.182     2.3551     158.00     16.06
发明的详细描述
ziprasidone甲磺酸盐存在四种不同的晶格形式:无水ziprasidone甲磺酸盐(片晶),ziprasidone甲磺酸盐二水合物(片晶),ziprasidone甲磺酸盐二水合物(针晶)和ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物(柱晶)。每种晶格形式有不同的特点,如不同的X射线粉末衍射图谱、不同的单晶X射线衍射和不同的可由显微照片观察到的晶体形状。ziprasidone甲磺酸盐二水合物的片晶、针晶和无水ziprasidone甲磺酸盐的片晶与ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物的柱晶(图3)比较要相对长和薄一些。无水ziprasidone甲磺酸盐虽然形状上与ziprasidone甲磺酸盐二水合物片晶相似,实际上是不同的。图3的显微照片是用装有卤素灯、双目目镜、偏光滤镜和带有Sony彩色打印机的Sony 3ccd摄象机的Olympus偏光显微镜(BH-2型)拍摄的。
图1为ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物X射线粉末衍射的特征光谱。图2为用单晶X射线晶体几何分析法确定的ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物的结构。图1的X射线粉末衍射光谱和图2的单晶X射线是用Siemens R3RA/v衍射仪测得的。另外ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物以其含水量为特性,其含水量的Karl Fischer(KF)值为9.6±1.0。ziprasidone甲磺酸盐二水合物(片晶和针晶)是题为“5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐二水合物”的同时待审的(co-pending)美国临时申请(Pfizer目录号PC 9573)的主题,同时在此提出。此前所述的正在进行的(co-pending)美国临时申请的全文在此作为参考的。
在大气温度下的水介质中,ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物是四种ziprasidone甲磺酸盐形式中热力学最为稳定的形式。因此,ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物是优选的含水制剂的甲磺酸盐形式。需特别指出的是,甲磺酸盐三水合物特别适用于胃肠外给药的含水制剂。无水甲磺酸盐在暴露于空气(潮湿)中时是吸湿性的。这使得难于制成制剂,因为在制备制剂过程中有效成分重量发生变化。用使不同晶型的混合物达到平衡的一系列桥连实验可以测定三种ziprasidone甲磺酸盐水合物晶体的相对热力学稳定性。在此桥连实验中,使200mg试样在大气温度(22-25℃)下,在水(4ml)中达到平衡。测定两个各含有90/10(w/w)和10/90(w/w)两种不同的ziprasidone甲磺酸盐的多晶型物混合物的试样(柱晶对二水合物(片晶),柱晶对二水合物(针晶),二水合物(针晶)对二水合物(片晶))。平衡后(12-13天),测定固体的多晶化转变并且用HPLC检测上层清液以测定其溶解度。测定发现,晶型互变的稳定性遵循所观察到的晶型溶解性的变化趋势,如以下表2所示。ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物比ziprasidone甲磺酸盐二水合物更具热力学优越性。
四种ziprasidone甲磺酸盐晶型的每一种都比ziprasidone盐酸盐一水合物有更好的溶解性,后者在大气温度下的溶解度为0.08mg/ml。四种ziprasidone甲磺酸盐晶型的溶解度列于表2。
表2
ziprasidone甲磺酸盐多晶型物的水溶性
    多晶型物     水溶性
    三水合物     0.73mg/ml
    二水合物(片晶)     1.11mg/ml
    一水合物(针晶)     1.10mg/ml
    无水化合物     1.27mg/ml
可以从游离碱(ziprasidone)制备ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物,此游离碱的制备参考上述的美国专利5,312,925第4栏,第22-43行的记载,此专利公开的内容在此全文作为参考。当欲采用注射剂型应用时,优选在无热原、无微粒的条件下制备制剂。可以用0.45μm的Millipore尼龙滤层过滤得到无微粒的溶剂和试剂。
将游离碱(ziprasidone)与水和有机溶剂的混合物混合,有机溶剂优选四氢呋喃,在有机溶剂/水的比率(v/v)约为3∶7到27∶3,温度范围从10℃到30℃,优选大气温度(大约22-25℃)的条件下混合。优选使用THF/水比率为4∶7.5(v/v每单位游离碱)。将混合物边搅拌边加热到约50℃。然后制备稀释的甲磺酸(1∶4w/w酸/水)溶液以提供1.2当量的酸,将其缓慢地,优选以在30到60分钟内加入到含游离碱的化合物中。在避光的条件下将反应混合物加热到回流(大约65℃)并持续30分钟。在将混合物加热后,再将其缓慢冷却到大气温度。在冷却过程中,ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物将开始从混合物中结晶出。一旦混合物冷却到大气温度,将其搅拌至少一小时以保证完全结晶。此三水合物晶体呈现为大的淡黄色的六边棱柱晶体。将此三水合物晶体用多层滤布从混合物中过滤,然后连续地用适量的THF/水(65/35,v/v)溶液和水清洗。在大气温度下干燥后,此晶体的水含量Karl Fischer值范围为8.9-10.1%KF(三水合物的理论KF值为9.6%)。
ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物可以口服或胃肠外给药,包括静脉内或肌肉内给药。对于需要使用水的胃肠外给药优选使用无菌注射用水(SWI)。优选肌肉注射给药。用于肌肉注射的组合物优选ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物与丁基次硫酸β环糊精载体组合,优选按三水合物与载体以1∶10的比率制备组合物。按与本申请同时提出的题为“包合物的制备方法”(Pfizer docketnumber PC 9563)和“芳香杂环化合物的包合物”(Pfizer docket number PC8838)的未决(co-pending)美国临时申请中记载的方法制备含有ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物与丁基次硫酸β环糊精的组合物。这两个同时待审(co-pending)美国临时申请都在此全文作为参考。
ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物的有效剂量取决于预定的给药途径、将治疗的症状和病人的年龄、体重等其它因素。在以下的剂量范围中,“mgA”指游离碱(ziprasidone)的毫克数。口服剂量的推荐范围是一次或分次按5-300mgA/天,优选40-200mgA/天,尤其优选40-80mgA/天的剂量服用。胃肠外用药,如注射的推荐剂量范围是2.5mgA/天到160mgA/天,优选5-80mgA/天。
用以下例子说明本发明,但它并不局限于实施例中的细节。除非另外指出,以下实施例中的制备在无微粒、无热原的条件下进行。在以下实施例中,用THF表示四氢呋喃,用SWI表示注射用无菌水。
实施例1
5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮的净化
向清洁干燥的搪瓷罐中加入46.8kg的5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮和2816.4L的THF。将混合物浆体加热到回流并保持45分钟以形成浑浊溶液。使溶液通过33-英寸预涂以助滤剂的sparkler过滤,并通过Fulfo过滤器(Parker Hannifin Corp.生产,Indiana,Lebanon)回到位于低处的清洁干燥的搪瓷罐中。用真空蒸馏的方法将滤液浓缩,冷却到5℃并搅拌2小时。将产物用离心分离机上的过滤装置收集并用冷的(0-5℃)THF清洗。将产物收集并在真空45℃的条件下干燥,得到40.5kg产品。HPLC测量测定此产品具有101.5%的纯度(与标准相比在100±2%的典型范围内)。
实施例2
5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐三水合物
将1000g 5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮,7500ml SWI和4000ml THF加入到装有加热套、悬挂式机械搅拌器、冷凝器和温度探头的22升的三颈圆底长颈瓶中以得到浆状反应物。用铝箔覆盖层使长颈瓶中的内容物避光。将浆状反应物边搅拌边加热到50℃。将188ml甲磺酸与812mlSWI混合得到稀释的甲磺酸,将其通过滴液漏斗缓慢加入到反应混合物中。将反应物加热到回流(大约65℃)得到深红色的溶液。在回流状态下将反应混合物搅拌大约30分钟。30分钟后关断加热套使反应物在搅拌下缓慢冷却。反应混合物以搅拌冷却过夜(约18小时)。在冷却过程中,产物结晶成大的微黄色的六边棱柱晶体。在大气条件下将混合物搅拌1小时。用带有多层布滤的Buchner漏斗将产物分离,并连续用1500mlLTHF/SWI(65/35,V/V)和1000mL SWI清洗。将晶体平铺在玻璃皿中并在大气条件下干燥至Karl Fischer值为大约9.6%。将产物用装有0.027H盘的微量样品粉碎机(Mikro-Samplmill)(Pulverizing Machinery Division ofMikropul Corp.制造,New Jersey,Summit,)在14000rpm的转速下粉碎,得到945g产物。
核磁测定产品结构为5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐三水合物。13CNMR(DMSO-d6):
  13C NMR(DMSO-d6):δ177.1(0),163.0(0),153.0(0),145.0(0),132.4(0),129.0(1),127.8(0),127.7(1),127.1(0),126.5(0),125.6(1),124.9 91),122.1(1),110.6(1),55.9(2)51.7(2),47.5(2),40.7(3),362(2),27.9(2).1H NMR(DMSO-d6):δ10.5(s,1H);9.8(br.s,1H);8.2(d,J=8.2Hz,1H);8.1(d,J=8.2Hz,1H);7.6(m,1H),7.5(m,1H);7.3(s1H),6.9(s,1H);4.2(m,2H);3.7(m,2H);3.5(m,2H),3.4(m,2H);3.1(m,2H);2.4(s,3H).
HPLC对产品进行测定显示一个峰,其保留时间与标准值相对应。HPLC条件列于下表3。
                      表3
    HPLC状态
    色谱柱 Waters-Puresil C-18 15cm长×4.6mm直径(目录号(Catalog No.)WATO44345)
    流动相 0.05M磷酸二氢钾pH3.0∶甲醇(60∶40v/v)
    流速 2.0mL/分
    检测器 UV,229nm
    柱温 环境温度
    样品体积 10μL
实施例3
5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮无水甲磺酸盐
将350g 5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮,7000ml异丙醇加入到装有加热套、悬挂式机械搅拌器、冷凝器和温度探头的12升的三颈圆底长颈瓶中以得到浆状反应物。将浆状反应物边搅拌边加热到50℃。65.9ml的甲磺酸通过滴液漏斗缓慢加入到50℃的反应混合物中。随着浆状反应物变浓,颜色变浅,能观察到微小温升使反应物温度变为55℃。将反应物在大气条件下蒸馏以去除25%的体积(1750ml)。将其冷却到大气温度并搅拌过夜。将产物用烧结玻璃漏斗分离并用新鲜异丙醇清洗。将晶体平铺在玻璃皿中并在大气条件下干燥至Karl Fischer值约为0.5%。得到420.3g产物。HPLC对产品进行检测显示一个与标准保留时间相对应的峰。HPLC(条件显示在表3)测定的产品纯度为99.8%。
实施例4
5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐二水合物(针晶)
将5g 5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮,37.5ml水和20ml THF加入到装有加热套、悬挂式机械搅拌器、冷凝器和温度探头的150mL的三颈圆底长颈瓶中以得到浆状反应物。用铝箔覆盖层使长颈瓶中的内容物避光。将浆状反应物边搅拌边加热到65℃。将1ml甲磺酸与4ml SWI混合得到稀释的甲磺酸,将其通过滴液漏斗缓慢加入到反应混合物中。反应物加热到回流(大约65℃)得到深红色的溶液。在回流状态下将反应混合物搅拌大约30分钟。30分钟后,将针形多晶型物的种晶加入到反应溶液中。结晶开始后,不再加温使反应物在搅拌下缓慢冷却。在冷却到50℃的过程中,在长颈瓶中可观察到稠的微粉红的浆状反应物。加水(20ml)到长颈瓶中以稀释此浆状反应物。将其在环境条件下搅拌1小时。用带有纸滤的Buchner漏斗将产物分离,将所得固体在环境条件下干燥至Karl Fischer值约为6.6%。得到产物6.03g。HPLC(条件显示在表3)检测产物纯度为99.8%。
实施例5
5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐二水合物(片晶)
将25g 5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮,375ml水加入到装有加热套、悬挂式机械搅拌器、冷凝器和温度探头的500毫升的三颈圆底长颈瓶中以得到浆状反应物。用铝箔覆盖层使长颈瓶中的内容物避光。将浆状反应物边搅拌边加热到50-55℃。5ml的甲磺酸通过滴液漏斗缓慢加入到反应混合物中。可观察到的浆状反应物变浓,颜色变浅。将反应物加热到回流(大约100℃)并搅拌约1小时。然后停止加热,使反应物搅拌冷却。在环境条件下将反应溶液搅拌1小时。用带有纸滤的Buchner漏斗将产物分离,将所得固体在环境条件下干燥至KarlFischer值约为6.2%。得到产物32.11g。HPLC(条件显示在表3)测定产物纯度为98.7%。

Claims (8)

1、5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2H-吲哚-2-酮甲磺酸盐三水合物。
2、权利要求1的化合物,其为具有如下X-射线粉未衍射数据的甲磺酸盐三水合物。
            ziprasidone甲磺酸盐三水合物
              X-射线粉末衍射数据 2-θ(度) D-间距(度)     最大强度(计数/秒) 相对强度(%)     7.680     11.5025     84.00     8.54     9.657     9.1515     216.00     21.95     10.827     8.1650     48.00     4.88     12.205     7.2455     216.00     21.95     13.203     6.7002     803.00     81.61     13.564     6.5227     329.00     33.43     15.240     5.8089     191.00     19.41     15.507     5.7095     388.00     39.43     15.923     5.5612     836.00     84.96     16.680     5.3106     100.00     10.16     17.000     5.2112     103.00     10.47     17.946     4.9386     428.00     43.50
2-θ(度) D-间距(度)    最大强度(计数/秒) 相对强度(%)     18.794     4.7178     383.00     38.92     19.881     4.4622     195.00     19.82     20.491     4.3306     93.00     9.45     21.585     4.1136     603.00     61.28     22.179     4.0047     984.00     100.00     23.472     3.7870     282.00     28.66     24.359     3.6511     240.00     24.39     24.918     3.5705     429.00     43.60     25.280     3.5201     159.00     16.16     26.034     3.4198     221.00     22.46     26.832     3.3199     196.00     19.92     27.594     3.2300     132.00     13.41     28.299     3.1511     261.00     26.52     29.151     3.0608     86.00     8.74     29.819     2.9938     197.00     20.02     30.361     2.9415     138.00     14.02     30.792     2.9014     112.00     11.38     32.448     2.7570     102.00     10.37     33.559     2.6682     73.00     7.42     34.264     2.6149     159.00     16.16     35.069     2.5567     165.00     16.77     35.742     2.5100     84.00     8.54     38.182     2.3551     158.00     16.06
3、一种用于治疗精神障碍性疾病的药物组合物,其含有一定量权利要求1或2所述的化合物和药学可接受的载体,此化合物对于治疗所述精神障碍性疾病是有效的。
4、权利要求1或2的化合物在制备用于治疗哺乳动物精神障碍性疾病的药物组合物中的用途。
5、权利要求4的用途,其中所述精神障碍性疾病为精神分裂症、偏头痛或焦虑。
6、权利要求5的用途,其中所述精神障碍性疾病为精神分裂症。
7、权利要求4的用途,其中所述的药物组合物适宜于胃肠外给药。
8、权利要求4的用途,其中所述的药物组合物适宜于是肌肉内注射。
CN97194243A 1996-05-07 1997-03-26 5-(2-(4-(1,2-苯并异噻唑-3-基)-1-哌嗪)乙基)-6-氯-1,3-二氢-2(1h)-吲哚-2-酮(ziprasidone)的甲磺酸盐三水合物,其制备及其作为多巴胺d2拮抗物的用途 Expired - Lifetime CN1092658C (zh)

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