CN1079700C - 催化剂组合物中的桥双-氨基第4族金属化合物 - Google Patents
催化剂组合物中的桥双-氨基第4族金属化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1079700C CN1079700C CN96192883A CN96192883A CN1079700C CN 1079700 C CN1079700 C CN 1079700C CN 96192883 A CN96192883 A CN 96192883A CN 96192883 A CN96192883 A CN 96192883A CN 1079700 C CN1079700 C CN 1079700C
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- metal
- silicoethanes
- tetramethyl
- catalyst composition
- tertiary butyl
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
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- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical group [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical group [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical group [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010936 titanium Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- BKILWHYRLBCASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;2-hydroxypropanoate;phenylmercury(1+) Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O.[Hg+]C1=CC=CC=C1.OCCN(CCO)CCO BKILWHYRLBCASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
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- XWQJAYUEZBNLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borane Chemical compound FC1=C(C(=C(C=C1F)F)F)B XWQJAYUEZBNLTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001037 p-tolyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(=C([H])C([H])=C1*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000000383 tetramethylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 claims description 2
- WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylborane Chemical compound CB(C)C WXRGABKACDFXMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000026 trimethylsilyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])[Si]([*])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims 1
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- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
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Abstract
提供了一种包括式(Ⅱ)表示的双-氨基化合物或其二聚物,以及第二种组分的催化剂组合物,式中M是锆、铪或钛;各个N是三配位的氮原子;各个Y是Si、Ge或Sn;各个X独立为氢化物或R;各个R独立为其中的一个或多个碳原子可以被选自Si、O、P、N和S的元素取代的烃基;Q是中性的路易斯碱,而m是0-2的数。优选第二种组分是能提供大而不稳定的阴离子[A]-的化合物,该阴离子在反应条件下基本上是非配位的且含有至少一个硼原子。还提供了一种在本发明的催化剂组合物存在下将α-烯烃低聚或共低聚的方法。
Description
本发明涉及新型催化剂组合物并涉及该催化剂组合物在一种或多种链烯(烯烃),特别是α-烯烃的低聚和共低聚中的应用。更具体而言,本发明涉及乙烯低聚为高级烯烃,即低聚为具有4-24个碳原子的烯烃。该产物高级烯烃,特别是具有6-10个碳原子的直链α-烯烃,在制备洗涤剂、润滑剂的添加剂以及聚烯烃时作为中间体需要量很大。然而,该低聚反应也会产生价值较低的产物,例如内烯烃和支链烯烃以及碳原子数超出4-24范围的烯烃。通过进一步加工,可以将后面的这些产物转化为所需的直链α-烯烃。
烯烃的聚合方法,例如采用齐格勒-纳塔型均相催化剂体系由乙烯生产聚乙烯是众所周知的。低级烯烃低聚为高级烯烃的方法也是人所共知的。在这些方法中,采用各种催化剂体系。例如,由GB-A-135873已知,在一种包括二价镍盐、氢化硼和叔有机磷化合物的催化剂组合物的存在下,通过低聚可从乙烯制得C4-C20直链α-烯烃。在WO94/25416中公开了一种用于制备C4-C24直链α-烯烃的催化剂体系,该体系包括双-四-甲基环戊二烯基金属茂(该金属优选的是锆)和大而不稳定的且基本上是非配位的阴离子(优选含有许多硼原子的阴离子)。
在催化剂体系中,桥双-氮基第4族(IUPAC1988的表示法)金属化合物可用于制备聚烯烃例如聚乙烯和聚丙烯也是众所周知的。
在WO92/12162中公开了用于α-烯烃聚合的催化剂体系,该体系包括作为第一种组分的通式(I)的氨基过渡金属化合物,以及作为第二种组分的铝氧烷。式中M是锆、铪或钛,N是具有三个取代基的氮原子,X是任一种一价的阴离子配位体,R是烃基,T是含有IV-A或VI-A族元素(Deming表示法;相当于IUPAC1988表示法的第14和第16族)例如硅基的共价烃基桥连基,Y是1或0,Z是2-Y。这类催化剂不包含在第一种组分中有乙硅烷基、乙锗烷基或乙锑烷基桥连基以及不包含具有与铝氧烷不同的第二种组分的那些催化剂,这类催化剂公开的效果是可以生产具有分子量远超过100,000的有规立构的固体聚烯烃。
现已发现一种基于桥双-氨基第4族金属化合物的新型催化剂组合物,该组合物在低级烯烃的低聚以生产直链α-烯烃中是特别有效的。与基于金属茂的最佳催化剂组合物相比,该新型组合物的特征在于,可以在很缓和的反应温度和压力条件下,高转化率、高选择性地生产所需的直链α-烯烃。该组合物的另一特征在于,易于从容易购得的前体制备双-氨基第4族金属组分。
本发明提供了一种包括通式(II)表示的化合物或其二聚物,以及第二种组分的催化剂组合物式中M是锆、铪或钛,各个N是三配位的氮原子;各个Y是Si、Ge或Sn;各个X独立为氢化物或R;各个R独立为其中的一个或多个碳原子可以被选自Si、O、P、N和S的元素取代的烃基;Q是中性的路易斯碱,而m是0-2的数。
各个R优选独立地选自C1-C10烷基、C6-C15芳基、C3-C10环烷基、烷芳基或Si(R1)3;各个R1独立地选自C1-C10烷基、C6-C15芳基、C3-C10环烷基或烷芳基。
Y优选的是硅。
中性的路易斯碱Q的实例是乙醚、四氢呋喃、二甲基苯胺、苯胺、正丁胺和三甲基膦。
本发明优选的式(II)化合物是{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二甲基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}MMe2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二(正丁基)金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}M(n-Bu)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苯基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}MPh2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二(4-甲基苯基)金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}M{CH2(4-Me-Ph)}2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}金属取代的环丁烷,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}{MCH2CH2CH2};{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二氢化金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}MH2;{1,2-双(叔戊基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe2Et)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(环己基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNCy)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(乙基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNEt)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(苯基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNPh)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(2,6-二甲基苯基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiN[2,6-Me2-Ph])2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(三甲基甲硅烷基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNSiMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双{三(叔丁基)甲硅烷基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,[{(Me2SiNSi(CMe3)3}2]M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四乙基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Et2SiNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四乙基乙硅烷}二甲基金属,{(Et2SiNCMe3)2}MMe2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四苯基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Ph2SiNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙锗烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2GeNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;和{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙锡烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SnNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;其中的金属(M)是锆、铪或钛。
本发明还包括含有第一种组分和第二种组分的催化剂组合物,该第一种组分是根据式(II)的化合物或其二聚物,而第二种组分能提供大而不稳定的阴离子[A]-,该阴离子在反应条件下基本上是非配位的且含有至少一个硼原子。
含有一个硼原子的阴离子[A]-的实例是通式[B(R2)4]-的硼酸根,式中R2是氢化物、C1-C10烷基、C6-C15芳基、C3-C10环烷基或烷芳基,其中的任一种可以被一个或多个卤素取代,例如[B(C6F5)4]-、[R2B(C6F5)3]-、[B(FC6H4)4]-、[R2B(FC6H4)3]-、[B{(CF3)2(C6H3)}4]-和[R2B{(CF3)2(C6H3)}3]-。
含有许多硼原子的阴离子[A]-的实例是碳硼酸根,例如[B11CH12]-。
第二种组分本身可以是以上定义的一种阴离子[A]-和一种阳离子的离子化合物。该阳离子适宜为给予质子的阳离子,优选为季铵阳离子,特别是三烷基铵阳离子例如三正丁基铵或二甲基苯铵。或者可以在第二种组分中使用不是给予质子的阳离子,例如金属阳离子如银离子或三苯基碳鎓离子。
第二种组分也可以是中性的强路易斯酸类化合物,该化合物能除去第一种组分的一个X基,从而又提供一个如上所述的阴离子[A]-。
本发明的催化剂组合物中优选的第二种组分是一些离子化合物四(五氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(C6F5)4];三(正丁基)·四(五氟苯基)硼酸铵,[Bu3NH][B(C6F5)4];四(2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(2,3,5,6-C6F4H)4];四(3,5-双-三氟甲基苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3)4];四(4-氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(4-C6H4F)4];四苯基硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(C6H5)4];四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基碳鎓,[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4];四(五氟苯基)硼酸二茂铁鎓,[(C5H5)2Fe][B(C6F5)4];四(五氟苯基)硼酸银,[Ag][B(C6F5)4];和三(正丁基)·1-碳癸硼酸铵,[Bu3NH][CB11H12];以及中性的、强路易斯酸类化合物,三(五氟苯基)甲硼烷,B(C6F5)3;三(2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)甲硼烷,B(2,3,5,6-C6F4H)3和三甲基硼,BMe3。
本发明的式(II)化合物可以按四个步骤制备。
在第一个步骤中,将化合物C1-YR2YR2-Cl(R和Y的定义如上)与至少四倍过量的适宜的胺RNH2接触,继而分离RNH3Cl副产物并除去溶剂以制得双胺产物RNHYR2YR2NHR。
在第二个步骤中,将该双胺产物与烃基试剂的第1族金属衍生物或Gringard衍生物接触,继而除去溶剂以制得双氨基化合物RNYR2YR2NR的第1族金属衍生物或Gringard衍生物。
在第三个步骤中,将第4族金属反应剂与双氨基化合物的第1族金属衍生物或Grignard衍生物在适宜的溶剂中接触,继而分离盐副产物并将相应的双氨基第4族金属产物纯化。
在第四个步骤中,将双氨基第4族金属产物与烃基试剂的第1族金属衍生物或Grignard衍生物在适宜的溶剂中接触,继而除去盐并将最终的式(II)化合物纯化。
适宜用作第二种组分的含硼化合物的典型制备反应如下。-如A.G.Massey和A.J.Park,J.Organomet.Chem.2164245所述,中性的、强路易斯酸类的B(C6F5)3可以通过BCl3与LiC6F5的反应制得。-同样如Massey和Park的出版物中所述,离子型的[Me2PhNH]+[B(C6F5)4]-可以由B(C6F5)3和LiC6F5制得Li(OEt2)n +[B(C6F5)4]-,通过与Me2PhNHCl在二氯甲烷中反应可以将其转化从而制得[Me2PhNH]+[B(C6F5)4]-。-[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]-可以通过Li(OEt2)n +[B(C6F5)4]-与Ph3CCl在二氯甲烷中反应制得。
催化剂组合物可以通过将该两种组分优选在适宜的非极性溶剂例如甲苯、苯、氯苯、链烷或链烯的溶液中混合在一起,以形成液体催化剂体系。虽然第一种组分与第二种组分的摩尔比可以在0.1-5.0的范围内变化,然而这两种组分通常基本上按等摩尔量使用。通常,该催化剂体系在反应混合物中的用量达到每克分子待反应的烯烃有10-1-10-7克原子金属,特别是10-3-10-5克原子金属。
这种双组分催化剂组合物可以在引入反应器之前形成,或可就地形成。
虽然对催化活性并无要求,但是例如为了增加该组合物的溶解度和/或稳定性,可以在本发明的催化剂组合物中另外添加一些组分。少量的有机铝化合物是有效的清除剂。
这类有机铝化合物的实例是三甲基铝、三乙基铝、三异丙基铝、三异丁基铝、三苯基铝和二乙基氯化铝。
本发明的全催化剂组合物可在溶液状态下使用。或者,可将该催化剂组合物载带在固体载体上,特别是载带在无机氧化物上,例如二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅/氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化镁等,但是也可以采用例如聚烯烃的树脂性载体材料。适宜的载体是由铝氧烷和二氧化硅组成并由例如WITCO GmbH,Bergkamen,Germany出售的材料。
本发明还提供了将具有链长为2-10个碳原子的,特别是包括乙烯的α-烯烃低聚或共低聚为具有链长为4-24个碳原子的直链α-烯烃的方法,其特征在于该低聚反应是在本发明的催化剂组合物的存在下进行的。
该(共)低聚反应可以在液相中进行。当将催化剂组合物载带在惰性载体上时,该反应是非均相的,且也可以在气相中进行。该反应可以按分批操作或连续操作方式进行。
虽然不是必须的,然而该(共)低聚反应通常是在惰性液体中进行的,该液体适宜地也是该催化剂组分的溶剂。该反应适宜在中等温度、优选-20至+150℃、更优选+10至+100℃下进行。该反应适宜在适当高的压力、优选100-10000kPa、更优选200-2000kPa的条件下进行。为了最大限度地增加所需直链α-烯烃的收率,本领域的技术人员可以容易地针对特定的反应体系制定最佳的温度和压力条件,但是已发现,在使用本发明的催化剂体系时,20-70℃和200-1000kPa的条件在这方面是特别有利的。
最好对温度和压力条件加以选择,以产生’K因素’为0.3-0.8的产物板岩(slate)。K因素是各产物烯烃的相对比例的指示值,它是根据log[Cnmol%]与n的关系曲线的斜率计算的[Cn+2]/[Cn]摩尔比,式中n为特定产物烯烃中的碳原子数。
当反应剂呈气态时,可将起始反应剂与惰性稀释剂例如氮或氦一起供入反应器,而当反应剂呈液体状态时,可采用液体溶剂,例如与该催化剂组分的溶剂相同的溶剂。
该反应优选在没有空气或水分的情况下进行。
已发现,根据该催化剂体系的活性和反应条件,反应时间为1分钟至5小时是适宜的。经过适当的反应时间后,如果需要,可将常规催化剂的减活化剂例如水、甲醇或另一种醇添加到反应混合物中以便终止反应。或者,可径直通过引入空气使反应终止。
混合的烯烃产物优选的是具有链长为4-24个碳原子的直链α-烯烃,其中,在其链中具有6-10个碳原子的烯烃是特别优选的。可以采用本领域中已知的蒸馏和分离技术适当地将它们回收。
如果需要,可将未转化的起始物料和其分子量超出所需分子量范围的低聚产物回收,如果必要可进行加工并再循环用作后续低聚反应中的起始物料。
本发明将通过以下实施例进一步加以说明。
实施例1.配合物的制备1.1综述
所有的反应均在Braun MB 200-G干燥箱中在氮气气氛下进行或采用标准的Schlenk技术在氩气下进行。通过回流并从标准试剂上蒸出,使溶剂干燥。从Me3SiCl/AlCl3分别与Si2Me6和H2C(SiMe3)2反应可以制得1,2-Me4Si2Cl2和H2C(SiMe2Cl)2。通过PhNMe2和HCl反应生成PhMe2NHCl。Mg(CH2Ph)Cl由PhCH2Br和Mg的反应得到;Mg(CH2Ph)2(二鏻烷)0.5通过Mg(CH2Ph)Cl与二鏻烷的反应形成。Si2Me6、H2C(SiMe3)2、Me2SiCl2、t-BuNH2、C6F5Br、BCl3、PhNMe2和Ph3CCl从Aldrich得到。MeLi的乙醚溶液和n-BuLi的己烷溶液从Janssen(比利时)得到。所有的新产物均通过核磁共振谱仪鉴定。1.2催化剂组合物的第一种组分1.2.1{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基锆(化合物1)(a)1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷,(Me2SiNHCMe3)2
用滴液漏斗将t-BuNH2(32.9g,450mmol)的己烷(70ml)溶液添加到剧烈搅拌的1,2-Me4Si2Cl2(20.53g,110mmol)的己烷(250ml)溶液中。添加完毕后,立即通过过滤将白色沉淀物除去,并用己烷(500ml)洗涤。将上清液缩减至干,得到27.2g(Me2SiNHCMe3)2(收率95%)。(b)1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷二锂,(Me2SiNLiCMe3)2
通过滴液漏斗,将68mL 1.6M的n-BuLi(109mmol)的己烷溶液添加到搅拌的(Me2SiNHCMe3)2(14.2g,54.5mmol)的己烷(20ml)溶液中。通过在真空中除去溶剂,得到呈白色固体的粗(Me2SiNLiCMe3)2。(c){1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二氯化锆,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)
将151mL 1.6M的n-BuLi(242mmol)的己烷溶液添加到(Me2SiNHCMe3)2(30.0g,115mmol)的己烷(200ml)溶液中。将该反应搅拌45分钟,并在真空中除去溶剂。将甲苯(150ml)添加到白色固体中,将所得的悬浮液(通过连接管)引入装有剧烈搅拌的ZrCl4(26.8g,115mmol)的甲苯(150ml)悬浮液的Schlenk管中。将该反应缓慢地加热到室温,然后搅拌16小时。在真空中除去溶剂,用二氯甲烷(2×250ml)萃取残余物。将萃取物缩减至干,并用二氯甲烷/THF混合物(10∶1)萃取。再将该萃取物缩减至干,并用甲苯萃取。在将甲苯溶液冷却到-20℃,通过过滤分离出晶体,用甲苯洗涤并在真空中干燥后,得到无色的微晶{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)(19.1g,40mmol,收率35%)。(d)化合物1,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}Zr(CH2Ph)2
在-78℃下将甲苯(20ml)添加到装有{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)(1.72g,3.45mmol)和Mg(CH2Ph)2(二鏻烷)0.5(1.28g,5.18mmol)混合物的-78℃下的Schlenk管中。将该混合物加热到室温,搅拌90分钟。在真空中除去溶剂,用戊烷萃取残余物,将萃取物缩减至干。将粗产物的戊烷溶液冷却到-40℃,产出1.50g(收率92%)纯黄色结晶{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}Zr(CH2Ph)2(1)。1.2.2制备{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二甲基锆,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}ZrMe2(化合物2)
通过注射器将5.8mL 1.6M的MeLi(9.3mmol)的乙醚溶液,在-78℃下添加到Schlenk管中的{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)(1.90g,4.5mmol)的乙醚(50ml)悬浮液中。将该混合物缓慢地加热到室温,然后在真空中除去溶剂。然后用少量戊烷萃取残余物,将该溶液冷却到-40℃,得到0.87g(收率51%)的纯无色结晶{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}ZrMe2(2)。1.2.3制备{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基铪(化合物3)(a){1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二氯化铪,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}HfCl2(THF)
通过滴液漏斗,将(Me2SiNLiCMe3)2(3.4g,12.5mmol)的甲苯/乙醚(20ml;10∶1)溶液添加到HfCl4(4.0g,12.5mmol)的40ml甲苯/乙醚(10∶1)悬浮液中。将该反应缓慢地加热到室温,然后搅拌16小时。在真空中除去溶剂,用二氯甲烷/THF的混合物(10∶1)萃取残余物。将萃取物缩减至干,产出5.6g(收率81%)的粗产物。将甲苯溶液冷却后得到无色结晶的{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}HfCl2(THF)样品。(b)化合物(3),{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}Hf(CH2Ph)2
通过注射器将1.37mL 2.5M的Mg(CH2Ph)Cl(3.43mmol)溶液在-78℃下添加到{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}HfCl2(THF)(0.50g,1.14mmol)的乙醚溶液中。将该混合物加热到室温,搅拌1小时,然后缩减至干。用戊烷萃取,产出0.43g粗产物(收率71%)。在-40℃下从戊烷中结晶产出纯淡黄色结晶{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}Hf(CH2Ph)2(3)。1.2.4制备{双(叔丁基氨基)二甲基甲硅烷}二苄基锆(化合物04)(a)双(叔丁基氨基)二甲基甲硅烷,Me2Si(NHCMe3)2
在室温下将Me2SiCl2(47.6g,370mmol)与t-BuNH2(113.3g,1550mmol)在己烷(700ml)中反应,继而短暂回流(10分钟),将混合物冷却、过滤,并将溶剂从上清液中除去,产出油状产物。通过真空分馏得到纯度98%的Me2Si(NHCMe3)2。(b)双(叔丁基氨基)二甲基甲硅烷二锂,Me2Si(NLiCMe3)2
通过滴液漏斗,将93.4mL 1.6M的n-BuLi(149mmol)的己烷溶液添加到搅拌的Me2Si(NHCMe3)2(14.7g,72mmol)的己烷(200ml)溶液中。然后将该混合物回流20分钟,冷却至室温,在真空中除去溶剂。将该粗产物溶于己烷中,冷却至-40℃,产出14.3g(3次收集,收率92%)无色结晶的Me2Si(NLiCMe3)2。(c){双(叔丁基氨基)-二甲基甲硅烷}二氯化锆,{Me2Si(NCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)n
在-78℃下将甲苯(150ml)添加到-78℃下的Me2Si(NLiCMe3)2(4.01g,18.7mmol)和ZrCl4(THF)2(7.04g,18.7mmol)的混合物中,将该混合物加热到室温,再搅拌90分钟。在真空中除去溶剂,用THF和己烷的混合物萃取残余物。
将该萃取物缩减至干,然后用THF/己烷的混合物再一次萃取。将溶液冷却到-40℃,得到无色微晶{Me2Si(NCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)n(3次收集,4.5g,收率约为50%)。(d)化合物04,{Me2Si(NCMe3)2}Zr(CH2Ph)2
在-40℃下将甲苯(40ml)添加到装有{Me2Si(NCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)n(0.83g,1.7mmol)和Mg(CH2Ph)2(二鏻烷)0.5(0.50g,1.7mmol)混合物的-40℃下的Schlenk管中。将该混合物加热到室温,然后搅拌30分钟。添加30mL己烷/乙醚的混合物(2∶1),然后将反应混合物过滤。在真空中除去溶剂,用己烷萃取残余物,将萃取物缩减至干。
将残余物再溶于己烷中,冷却到-40℃,产出0.47g(2次收集,收率60%)的纯黄色结晶{(Me2Si(NCMe3)2}Zr(CH2Ph)2(1)。1.2.5制备[双{(叔丁基氨基)二甲基甲硅烷基}甲烷]-二苄基锆(化合物05)(a)双{(叔丁基氨基)二甲基甲硅烷基}甲烷,H2C(Me2SiNHCMe3)2
用滴液漏斗将t-BuNH2(19.4g,265mmol)的己烷(90ml)溶液添加到剧烈搅拌的H2C(SiMe2Cl)2(12.9g,64mmol)的己烷(150ml)溶液中。添加完毕后,立即通过过滤将沉淀物除去,并用己烷(100ml)洗涤。在真空中将溶剂从上清液中除去,得到16.6g H2C(Me2SiNHCMe3)2(收率94%)。(b)双{(叔丁基氨基)-二甲基甲硅烷基}甲烷二锂,H2C(Me2SiNLiCMe3)2
通过滴液漏斗,将38mL 1.6M的n-BuLi(61mmol)的己烷溶液添加到搅拌的H2C(Me2SiNHCMe3)2(8.30g,30mmol)的己烷(25ml)溶液中。通过在真空中除去溶剂,得到固体的粗H2C-(Me2SiNLiCMe3)2。(c)[双{(叔丁基氨基)-二甲基甲硅烷基}甲烷]二氯化锆,{H2C(SiMe2NCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)
通过滴液漏斗,将H2C(Me2SiNLiCMe3)2(6.0g,12.5mmol)的甲苯/乙醚(20ml;10∶1)溶液添加到ZrCl4(4.88g,20.9mmol)的50ml甲苯/乙醚(10∶1)悬浮液中。将该反应缓慢地加热到室温,然后搅拌16小时,将体积缩减至45ml。将该混合物离心分离并将上清液缩减至干。用二氯甲烷/THF(20∶1)的混合物萃取残余物,将萃取物缩减至干,产出5.95g(收率56%)的{H2C(SiMe2NCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)。(d)化合物05,{H2C(SiMe2NCMe3)2}Zr(CH2Ph)2
在-78℃下将戊烷(20ml)添加到装有{H2C(SiMe2NCMe3)2}ZrCl2(THF)(0.80g,1.84mmol)和Mg(CH2Ph)2(二鏻烷)0.5(0.65g,2.58mmol)混合物的-78℃下的Schlenk管中。将该混合物加热到室温,然后搅拌90分钟。在真空中除去溶剂,用戊烷(2ml)萃取残余物。将戊烷溶液冷却到-40℃,得到0.36g(收率36%)的纯黄色结晶{H2C(SiMe2NCMe3)2}-Zr(CH2Ph)2(05)1.3.催化剂组合物的第二种组分1.3.1三(五氟苯基)硼烷,B(C6F5)3(化合物A)
按照文献(A.G.Massey和A.J.Park,J.Organomet.Chem.2(1964)245)的方法从BCl3与己烷中的LiC6F5的反应得到B(C6F5)3(A)。1.3.2四(五氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[Me2PhNH]+[B(C6F5)4]-(化合物B)
[Me2PhNH]+[B(C6F5)4]-(B)通过Li(OEt2)n +[B(C6F5)4]-与Me2PhNHCl在二氯甲烷中的复分解反应合成。通过过滤除去氯化锂,从二氯甲烷/己烷溶液中使粗残余物结晶并在真空下(65℃,3小时)除去乙醚,制得纯结晶产品。{Li(OEt2)n +[B(C6F5)4]-由LiC6F5与B(C6F5)3在己烷/乙醚溶液中反应得到(A.G.Massey和A.J.Park,J.Organomet.Chem.2(1964)245)}。1.3.3四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基碳鎓,[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]-(化合物C)
[Ph3C]+[B(C6F5)4]-(C)通过Li(OEt2)n +[B(C6F5)4]-与Ph3CCl在二氯甲烷中的反应形成。通过过滤除去氯化锂,从二氯甲烷/己烷溶液中使粗残余物结晶并在真空下(65℃,3小时)除去乙醚,制得纯结晶产品。2.低聚反应2.1综述
通过回流并从钠/苯酮上蒸出,将所用的甲苯溶剂干燥。2.2催化剂的制备
在Braun MB200-G干燥箱中在氮气气氛下进行催化剂的制备。将第一种组分(0.1或0.2mmol)和第二种组分(0.1或0.2mmol)的混合物放入隔膜式瓶中并将其冷却到-40℃。将-40℃下的甲苯(10ml)添加到搅拌下的混合物中,然后将所得混合物在5分钟内加热至室温,得到黄色溶液。然后立即将该溶液用于以下步骤。2.3低聚的步骤
低聚反应在机械搅拌、夹套冷却的1升钢制高压釜中进行,在使用前,先将该高压釜在70℃、真空下放置过夜。在25℃下将已在其中添加了已知量的作为内标的正己基苯(约0.5g)的甲苯(190ml)在真空下引入高压釜中,接着引入催化剂溶液。然后立即将该高压釜用乙烯加压(约为700kPa)在保持恒定的乙烯压力下,监测整个反应过程中的温度和压力。根据低聚反应中起始温度与所达到的最高温度之差测得温升(催化剂相对活性的一种定性的量度)。
10-30分钟后,通过迅速释放高压釜中的压力终止低聚反应,并利用高压釜底部的旋塞缓慢地将产品混合物移注到收集瓶中。将该混合物与空气接触导致该催化剂迅速减活。2.4检验/分析
在取出GC分析用的样品后,将粗产品混合物过滤以除去聚乙烯,然后,将其放置在真空下以产生不挥发的低聚物的混合物。
GC分析给出C4-C30和己烯异构体的收率,可按如下方法进行。采用具有CPSIL5毛细管柱(50m×0.25mm,聚甲基硅氧烷固定相)的HP5890气相色谱仪以氦作为载气和火焰离子化检测法测定低聚物产品的分布。偶直链α-烯烃和顺式-和反式-2-己烯、顺式-和反式-3-己烯、2-乙基-1-丁烯以及己基苯(内标)的响应因子均采用标准的标定混合物加以测定。从GC分析所得的C4-C30烯烃的收率用来计算低聚反应(通过回归分析)中的K因素。
按每摩尔催化剂每小时转化为C4-C30低聚物的乙烯的摩尔数测定的表1中的转化率(TOR)可根据下式计算:
[(C4-C30α-烯烃以克计的重量)]/(催化剂的摩尔数)×(以小时计的反应时间)×28](28是乙烯的分子量)。
TOR可供作不同催化剂相对活性的比较之用。从GC分析测得的不同己烯异构体的相对量是各种催化剂对生成直链α-烯烃的选择性的一种量度。
用甲苯然后再用丙酮洗涤聚乙烯后,回收的聚合物在真空下于70℃干燥3天,然后测得收率。低聚物和PE的相对收率给出催化剂对聚合反应与低聚反应相比的选择性的量度。
所得结果列于下表1。
表1:采用阳离子型的双-氨基第4族配合物的乙烯的低聚实施例 催化剂T (℃) t pC2 - 产量 TOR 产量 产量 K C6 -: C6 -: C6 -: C6 -:
(mmol) (温升) (分钟) (kPa)C4 --C30 -(g)C4 --C30 -(h-1) 1-C6 -(g) PE(g) 1H★(%)c2H★(%) t2H★(%) 2EB★(%)1 1A 25 30 720 17.97 6,420 2.60 1.32 0.70 99.70 0 0 0.30
(0.20) [+22]2 1A 25 15 710 15.67 11,190 2.21 1.75 0.68 99.84 0 0 0.16
(0.20) [+9]3 1A 25 30 710 11.36 8,110 1.59 0.79 0.70 99.71 0 0 0.29
(0.10) [+5]4 1A 25 30 300 17.87 6,380 2.58 0.37 0.71 99.67 0 0 0.33
(0.20) [+13]5 1A 25 30 150 9.27 3,310 1.03 0.14 0.76 99.38 0 0 0.62
(0.20) [+5]6 1A 50 30 570 4.10 1,460 0.55 0.57 0.69 98.50 0.12 0.04 1.34
(0.20) [+12]7 2A 25 30 720 8.98 3,210 1.03 7.66 0.77 99.00 0 0.04 0.96
(0.20) [+22]8 3A 25 30 720 0.68 240 0.15 0.02 0.60 97.30 0 0 2.30
(0.20) [+3]
表1(续)实施例 催化剂T(℃) t pC2 - 产量 TOR 产量 产量 K C6 -: C6 -: C6 -: C6 -:
(mmol)(温升)(分钟) (kPa)C4 --C30 -(g)C4 --C30 -(h-1)1-C6 -(g) PE(g) 1H★(%) c2H★(%) t2H★(%) 2EB★(%)9 1B 25 30 710 185.9 66,400 28.26 2.33 0.72 99.61 0.11 0.05 0.23
(0.20) [+54]10 1B 25 10 720 41.9 89,810 6.47 1.09 0.71 99.90 0.02 0 0.08
(0.10) [+39]11 2B 25 10 720 21.8 46,710 2.51 0.48 0.72 99.93 0 0 0.07
(0.10) [+18]12 3B 25 10 720 1.7 3,580 0.32 0.10 0.65 99.50 0 0 0.50
(0.10) [+2]13 1C 25 10 720 141.2 302,600 18.28 3.90 0.73 98.98 0.29 0.12 0.61
(0.10) [+62]14 04A 25 30 720 - - - 0.07 - - - - -
(0.20) [+2]15 05A 25 30 740 - - - 0.08 - - - - -
(0.20) [+1]注:★1H=1-己烯;c2H=顺式-2-己烯;t2H=反式-2-己烯;2EB=2-乙基-1-丁烯
Claims (11)
2.根据权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其中式(II)化合物中的各个R独立地选自C1-C10烷基、C6-C15芳基、C3-C10环烷基、烷芳基或Si(R1)3;各个R1独立地选自C1-C10烷基、C6-C15芳基、C3-C10环烷基或烷芳基。
3.根据权利要求1或2的催化剂组合物,其特征在于式(II)化合物选自{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二甲基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}MMe2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二(正丁基)金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}M(n-Bu)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苯基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}MPh2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二(4-甲基苯基)金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}M{CH2(4-Me-Ph)}2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}金属取代的环丁烷,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}{MCH2CH2CH2};{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二氢化金属,{(Me2SiNCMe3)2}MH2;{1,2-双(叔戊基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNCMe2Et)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(环己基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNCy)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(乙基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNEt)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(苯基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNPh)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(2,6-二甲基苯基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{Me2SiN[2,6-Me2-{Ph])2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(三甲基甲硅烷基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SiNSiMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(三(叔丁基)甲硅烷基氨基)-四甲基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,[{(Me2SiNSi(CMe3)3}2]M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四乙基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Et2SiNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四乙基乙硅烷}二甲基金属,{(Et2SiNCMe3)2}MMe2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四苯基乙硅烷}二苄基金属,{(Ph2SiNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙锗烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2GeNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;和{1,2-双(叔丁基氨基)-四甲基乙锡烷}二苄基金属,{(Me2SnNCMe3)2}M(CH2Ph)2;其中的金属(M)是锆、铪或钛。
4.根据权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于Y是硅。
5.根据权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于该阴离子[A]-是通式[B(R2)4]-的硼酸根,式中R2是氢化物、C1-C10烷基、C6-C15芳基、C3-C10环烷基或烷芳基,其中的任一种可以被一个或多个卤素取代。
6.根据权利要求5的催化剂组合物,其特征在于该阴离子[A]-选自[B(C6F5)4]-、[R2B(C6F5)3]-、[B(FC6H4)4]-、[R2B(FC6H4)3]-、[B{(CF3)2(C6H3)}4]-和[R2B{(CF3)2(C6H3)}3]-。
7.根据权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于该阴离子[A]-是碳硼酸根。
8.根据权利要求1的催化剂组合物,其特征在于该第二种组分选自四(五氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(C6F5)4];三(正丁基)·四(五氟苯基)硼酸铵,[Bu3NH][B(C6F5)4];四(2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(2,3,5,6-C6F4H)4];四(3,5-双-三氟甲基苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(3,5-(CF3)2-C6H3)4];四(4-氟苯基)硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(4-C6H4F)4];四苯基硼酸二甲基苯铵,[PhMe2NH][B(C6H5)4];四(五氟苯基)硼酸三苯基碳苉,[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4];四(五氟苯基)硼酸二茂铁苉,[(C5H5)2Fe][B(C6F5)4];四(五氟苯基)硼酸银,[Ag][B(C2F5)4];三(正丁基)·1-碳癸硼酸铵,[Bu3NH][CB11H12];三(五氟苯基)甲硼烷,B(C6F5)3;三(2,3,5,6-四氟苯基)甲硼烷,B(2,3,5,6-C6F4H)3和三甲基硼,BMe3。
9.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的催化剂组合物,该催化剂组合物还包括有机铝化合物。
10.根据权利要求1-8中任一项的催化剂组合物,该催化剂组合物载带在固体载体上,该载体选自二氧化硅、氧化铝、二氧化硅/氧化铝、二氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化镁或树脂性载体材料。
11.一种用于将具有链长为2-10个碳原子的α-烯烃低聚或共低聚为具有链长为4-24个碳原子的直链α-烯烃的方法,其特征在于该低聚反应是在权利要求1-11中任一项的催化剂组合物存在下进行的。
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- 1996-03-06 DE DE69600841T patent/DE69600841T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-06 AU AU51045/96A patent/AU688674B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 1996-03-06 KR KR1019970706051A patent/KR19980702645A/ko active IP Right Grant
- 1996-03-06 CA CA002214722A patent/CA2214722A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-06 EP EP96907405A patent/EP0813447B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1996-03-06 JP JP8526619A patent/JPH11503063A/ja not_active Ceased
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CA2214722A1 (en) | 1996-09-12 |
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TW330938B (en) | 1998-05-01 |
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