CN107827940B - 钩藤酰胺a及其药物组合物和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供结构式(I)所示的一个新的吲哚生物碱三糖苷,钩藤酰胺A(1),以治疗有效量的化合物1及可药用载体或赋型剂组成的药物组合物,化合物1及其药物组合物的制备方法,以及作为褪黑素受体激动剂,及其在制备治疗或改善与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病的药物中的应用。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于药物技术领域。具体地,涉及一个新的吲哚生物碱三糖苷,钩藤酰胺A(1),以化合物1为有效成分的药物组合物,其作为褪黑素受体激动剂中的应用,及其在制备治疗或改善与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病的药物中的应用。
背景技术:
褪黑素(melatonin,MT)是由哺乳动物松果体分泌的内源性激素,其分泌有着明显的昼夜和季节节律性,对生物体的昼夜节律、生殖、衰老等具有重要的调节作用。褪黑素在体内通过激活特定的褪黑素受体发挥作用,具有改善睡眠、抗衰老和提高机体免疫力等生理活性,此外对抑郁、焦虑和疼痛也具有调节作用。人体褪黑素受体包括MT1和MT2两种亚型,属G蛋白偶联受体,共有7个跨膜片段,对褪黑素具有高亲和性,是人体内褪黑素的主要作用位点。MT1和MT2受体在人体中枢神经系统和外周组织均有广泛分布,在中枢神经系统主要分布于视交叉上核、垂体、嗅球、中脑、下丘脑等;在外周组织主要分布于心血管系统、脾、胸腺、淋巴结、性腺、胃肠道、肾等。褪黑素受体被激活后,通过一系列信号转导级联反应,介导细胞内Ca2+、NO、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)、环磷酸腺苷(cGMP)等信使水平,激活MEK/ERK信号通路,进而发挥睡眠觉醒、免疫调节、心血管系统调节等生物学效应。现有研究表明,激活MT1受体可抑制视交叉上核的神经元放电和催乳素的释放,与褪黑素促进睡眠和血管收缩活性有关;激活MT2受体可引起脾细胞增殖和冠状动脉舒张,与褪黑素昼夜节律和血管扩张功能有关。褪黑素受体激动剂是目前新型抗抑郁和镇静催眠药的研究热点,可避免因作用于GABA受体和阿片受体等引起的药物依赖性等副作用。自二十世纪八十年代成功克隆MT1和MT2受体以来,人们已经合成多个MT受体激动剂,其中部分激动剂已经作为抗抑郁和改善睡眠药物上市,如阿戈美拉汀、瑞美替昂、他司美琼等。
随着人们对天然产物研究的深入,越来越多的天然小分子引起药物化学家的兴趣。特别是传统中药是发现天然活性分子的重要来源。茜草科Rubiaceae钩藤属Uncaria植物钩藤U.rhynchophylla是传统中药钩藤的重要基源植物。其性微寒味甘,归肝、心包经,具有息风定惊,清热平肝等功效,临床用于治疗肝风内动、惊痫抽搐、高热惊厥、感冒夹惊、小儿惊啼、妊娠子痫、头痛眩晕等,现已经成为临床降血压和治疗神经系统疾病常用中药。现代药理研究表明,钩藤具有降血压、镇静、抗惊厥、钙拮抗、清除自由基、神经保护等活性。钩藤植物中主要含有吲哚生物碱、黄酮、三萜、有机酸等成分,特别是吲哚生物碱是中药钩藤的研究热点。中药钩藤的降血压活性仍然是当前研究重点,研究表明钩藤碱和异钩藤碱是钩藤发挥降压作用的主要活性成分。
迄今,现有技术无钩藤酰胺A(1)的报道,也没有钩藤酰胺A(1)作为有效成分的药物组合物的报道,也没有钩藤酰胺A(1)及其药物组合物作为褪黑素受体激动剂,及治疗或改善与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病的应用报道。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于提供一类新的具有药用价值的式(I)所示的一个新的吲哚生物碱三糖苷,钩藤酰胺A(1),有效剂量的钩藤酰胺A(1)作为褪黑素受体激动剂,以钩藤酰胺A(1)及其药物组合物在治疗或改善与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病中的应用。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,本发明提供了如下的技术方案:
结构式(I)所示的化合物钩藤酰胺A(1),
所述的式(I)的化合物1在制备褪黑素受体激动剂中的应用。
所述的式(I)的化合物1在制备治疗或改善中枢神经系统疾病的药物中的应用。
如所述的应用,其中所述的疾病是与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病。
本发明同时还提供了含有治疗有效量的式(I)化合物1和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
所述的药物组合物在制备褪黑素受体激动剂中的应用。
所述的药物组合物在制备治疗或预防中枢神经系统疾病的药物中的应用。
如所述的应用,其中所述的疾病是与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病。
本发明另外还提供了制备所述的式(I)化合物1的方法,取钩藤的干燥带钩茎枝,粉碎,用70%乙醇回流提取两次,每次3小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏。浸膏用5倍量水溶解,利用D101大孔树脂柱层析,乙醇-水梯度洗脱。合并50%乙醇洗脱部位,浓缩,甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,研碎过筛后经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-甲醇-水(7:3:0.3)洗脱,得到4个流分A-D。流分C继续经MCI CHP-20P凝胶柱中压制备,甲醇-水梯度洗脱(1:9~9:1),得到5个流分,C-1~C-5。流分C-2经HPLC纯化,利用Rp-C18柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱(1:9~3:7),得到目标化合物1。
制备含化合物1的药物组合物的方法是,以化合物1为原料,加入可药用载体或赋形剂。所述的药用载体或赋形剂是一种或多种固体、半固体和液体稀释剂、填料以及药物制品辅剂。
本发明化合物1用作褪黑素受体激动剂或药物时,可以直接使用,或者以药物组合物的形式使用。该药物组合物含有0.1~99%,优选为0.5~90%的化合物1,其余为药物学上可接受的,对人和动物无毒和惰性的可药用载体和/或赋形剂。将本发明的药物组合物以单位体重服用量的形式使用。本发明的药物可经注射(静注、肌注)和口服两种形式给药。
附图说明:
图1为本发明化合物1的结构式;
图2为本发明化合物1的褪黑素受体激动率,以褪黑素(MT)的最大激动率设为100%,化合物的测试浓度为1.0mM,激动率为Mean±SD(n=3)。
具体实施方式:
为了更好地理解本发明的实质,下面结合附图,用本发明的试验例和实施例来进一步说明本发明化合物钩藤酰胺A(1)的制备方法、结构鉴定、药理作用,以及本发明的制备方法及药物组成,但不以此试验例和实施例来限定本发明。
实施例1:
化合物1的制备:
取钩藤的干燥带钩茎枝,粉碎,用70%乙醇回流提取两次,每次3小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏。浸膏用5倍量水溶解,利用D101大孔树脂柱层析,乙醇-水梯度洗脱。合并50%乙醇洗脱部位,浓缩,甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,研碎过筛后经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-甲醇-水(7∶3∶0.3)洗脱,得到4个流分A-D。流分C继续经MCI CHP-20P凝胶柱中压制备,甲醇-水梯度洗脱(1∶9~9∶1),得到5个流分,C-1~C-5。流分C-2经HPLC纯化,利用Rp-C18柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱(1∶9~3∶7),得到目标化合物1。
化合物1的结构鉴定:
旋光由Jasco model 1020旋光仪(Horiba,Tokyo,Japan)测定;红外光谱(IR)采用KBr压片法,由Bio-Rad FTS-135型红外光谱仪(Hercules,California,USA)测定;紫外光谱由UV-2401PC型紫外光谱仪(Shimadzu,Kyoto,Japan)测定;ECD谱由Applied Photophysics圆二色谱仪(Agilent,Santa Clara,United States)测定,核磁共振谱(1D和2D NMR)用AVANCE III-600型超导核磁共振仪(Bruker,Bremerhaven,Germany)测定,以氘代水作为溶剂;高分辨质谱(HRMS)用LCMS-IT-TOF型质谱仪(Shimadzu,Kyoto,Japan)测定;薄层色谱硅胶、柱层析硅胶(200-300目)购自青岛美高及青岛海洋化工集团有限公司。CHP20P MCI凝胶购自Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation(Tokyo,Japan)。
化合物1
分子式:C38H50N2O19
分子量:838.30
性状:白色粉末
HRESIMS(+)m/z:839.3081([M+H]+,0mDa)。
HRESIMS(–)m/z:883.2983([M+HCOO]-,–0.7mDa)
IR(KBr)vmax:3420,2924,1613,1519,1446,1384,1284,1073,592cm-1。
UV/Vis(甲醇)λmax(logε):206(4.76),279(4.06)nm。
1H-NMR和13C-NMR数据见表1。
[α]D 23=-45.5(c 0.13,甲醇)。
表1.化合物1的1H-NMR(600MHz)和13C-NMR(150MHz)数据(D2O)
实施例2:
化合物1对褪黑素受体MT1和MT2受体的激动活性。
1材料和方法
1.1材料:
褪黑素受体MT1和MT2激动活性筛选使用的细胞株分别对应人体肾上皮细胞HEK293-MT1和HEK293-MT2;含有10%胎牛血清的细胞培养基(Dulbecco's Modified EagleMedium,DMEM);免洗钙流试剂盒。
1.2仪器:CO2恒温培养箱Thermo Forma 3310(美国);倒置生物显微镜XD-101型(南京);Flexstation 3Benchtop Multi-Mode Microplate Reader(Molecular Devices,Sunnyvale,California,USA)。
1.3实验过程
将96孔黑壁透底细胞培养板利用基质BD Matrigel包被,于37℃恒温培养箱1h,吸取上清液,以4×104/孔的密度,将对应HEK293细胞接种于96孔黑壁透底细胞培养板中,于CO2浓度为5%的37℃恒温培养箱中培养16~24h;弃去原培养基,加入新鲜配置的染液100μl/孔,于37℃避光孵育60min。待测样品的配制:配制不同浓度的待测样品。将特定体积的待测样品加入到细胞中,加入样品体积为50μl/孔,利用Flexstation 3多功能酶标仪测定样品对褪黑素受体的激动作用。利用Graphpad prism 5软件对实验结果进行分析。
2.结果:
化合物1在1.0mM浓度下,对MT1和MT2受体的激动率分别为79.6和46.3%(见图2化合物1对MT1和MT2受体的激动率,以褪黑素(MT)的最大激动率设为100%,化合物的测试浓度为1.0mM,激动率为Mean±SD(n=3))。
3、结论:
实验结果显示,化合物1对MT1和MT2受体均显示较好的激动作用,在1.0mM浓度下,对MT1和MT2受体的激动率分别为79.6和46.3%。以上结果表明化合物1能作为新型的褪黑素受体激动剂,以及能治疗或改善与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病。
实施例3:
制剂实施例:
1.按实施例1的方法制备得到化合物1,用少量的DMSO溶解后,按常规加注射用水,精滤,灌封灭菌制成注射液。
2.按实施例1的方法制备得到化合物1,用少量的DMSO溶解后,将其溶于无菌注射用水中,搅拌使溶解,用无菌抽滤漏斗过滤,再无菌精滤,分装于安瓿中,低温冷冻干燥后无菌熔封得粉针剂。
3.按实施例1的方法先制备得到化合物1,按其与赋形剂重量比为9:1的比例加入赋形剂,制成粉剂。
4.按实施例1的方法先制备得到化合物1,按其与赋形剂重量比为5:1的比例加入赋形剂,制粒压片。
5.按实施例1的方法先制备得到化合物1,按常规口服液制法制成口服液。
6.按实施例1的方法先制备得到化合物1,按其与赋形剂重量比为5:1的比例加入赋形剂,制成胶囊。
7.按实施例1的方法先制得化合物1,按其与赋形剂重量比为3:1的比例加入赋形剂,制成胶囊。
8.按实施例1的方法先制备得到化合物1,按其与赋形剂重量比为5:1的比例加入赋形剂,制成颗粒剂。
Claims (10)
2.权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物在制备褪黑素受体激动剂中的应用。
3.权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物在制备治疗或改善中枢神经系统疾病的药物中的应用。
4.如权利要求3所述的应用,其中所述的疾病是与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病。
5.制备权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物的方法,取钩藤的干燥带钩茎枝,粉碎,用70%乙醇回流提取两次,每次3小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏,浸膏用5倍量水溶解,利用D101大孔树脂柱层析,乙醇-水梯度洗脱,合并50%乙醇洗脱部位,浓缩,甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,研碎过筛后经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-甲醇-水7∶3∶0.3洗脱,得到4个流分A-D,流分C继续经MCI CHP-20P凝胶柱中压制备,甲醇-水梯度洗脱1∶9~9∶1,得到5个流分,C-1~C-5,流分C-2经HPLC纯化,利用Rp-C18柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱1∶9~3∶7,得到式(I)化合物。
6.含有治疗有效量的权利要求1所述的式(I)化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
7.权利要求6所述的药物组合物在制备褪黑素受体激动剂中的应用。
8.权利要求6所述的药物组合物在制备治疗或预防中枢神经系统疾病的药物中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其中所述的疾病是与褪黑素受体相关的中枢神经系统疾病。
10.制备权利要求6所述的药物组合物的方法,取钩藤的干燥带钩茎枝,粉碎,用70%乙醇回流提取两次,每次3小时,合并乙醇提液,减压回收乙醇得浸膏,浸膏用5倍量水溶解,利用D101大孔树脂柱层析,乙醇-水梯度洗脱,合并50%乙醇洗脱部位,浓缩,甲醇溶解,吸附于硅胶上,室温放置挥干溶剂,研碎过筛后经硅胶柱层析,氯仿-甲醇-水7∶3∶0.3洗脱,得到4个流分A-D,流分C继续经MCI CHP-20P凝胶柱中压制备,甲醇-水梯度洗脱1∶9~9∶1,得到5个流分,C-1~C-5,流分C-2经HPLC纯化,利用Rp-C18柱,乙腈-水梯度洗脱1∶9~3∶7,得到式(I)化合物,再以式(I)化合物为原料加入一定比例的可药用载体。
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