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CN107827440A - 一种增强型煤矸石砖 - Google Patents

一种增强型煤矸石砖 Download PDF

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CN107827440A
CN107827440A CN201710977501.9A CN201710977501A CN107827440A CN 107827440 A CN107827440 A CN 107827440A CN 201710977501 A CN201710977501 A CN 201710977501A CN 107827440 A CN107827440 A CN 107827440A
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袁玲燕
徐颜峰
陈龙
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种增强型煤矸石砖,属于建筑材料技术领域。按重量份数计,依次称取75~85份煤矸石,4~6份黏土,10~15份氧化铁粉,15~25份高锰酸钾,5~12份铝粉,20~23份粉煤灰和5~8份改性玻璃纤维,将煤矸石粉碎,过筛,得煤矸石粉末,将黏土,氧化铁粉,高锰酸钾,铝粉,粉煤灰和改性玻璃纤维于球磨机中混合,得混合料,将混合料与煤矸石粉末搅拌混合后,加入模具中压制成型,得坯料,将坯料干燥后移入烧结炉中,烧结,随炉冷却至室温后,出料,养护,得增强型煤矸石砖。本发明制备的煤矸石砖拥有较好的力学性能,同时泛霜现象减少。

Description

一种增强型煤矸石砖
技术领域
本发明公开了一种增强型煤矸石砖,属于建筑材料技术领域。
背景技术
利用全煤矸石制砖中泛霜是一个经常出现而且又非常重要的问题。砖瓦制品中的可溶性物质,尤其是可溶性盐类遇水溶解,通过微孔结构被带到制品的表面,随着水分的不断蒸发,可溶性盐类沉积下来,在砖瓦表面显示为白色,即为泛霜。能溶于水的可溶性盐种类繁多,但就砖瓦制品而言,最常见的是硫酸钙和硫酸镁,其次还有硫酸钠和硫酸钾。当原料中夹杂有方解石、菱镁矿或白云石时,就必然带入碳酸钙和碳酸镁,坯体煤矸石中含有一定量的硫成分,在干燥过程中,干燥热介质气体中就会含有一定量的硫的氧化物,经化学反应后,便生成了硫酸钙和硫酸镁,易出现泛霜。
各种煤矸石制成砖过程都会出现不同程度的泛霜问题。影响泛霜出现的原因很多,即开采的原料粘土的总盐度,在工业窑炉中的焙烧制度和砖制品使用时的自然气候条件等。所有的泛霜均会给制品带来难看的外观。有些盐溶于水后,水分经蒸发再结晶,往往会有一定量的结晶水,与原来体积相比,有不同程度的膨胀。这些体积膨胀的再结晶盐类存在于砖瓦制品的微孔中会产生较大的膨胀应力,导致制品出现表面爆裂(类似于鱼鳞片的剥落),影响其耐久性。尤其含硫酸镁和硫酸钠这两种可溶性盐类,因其体积膨胀大,危害亦大;对于强度不高的欠火制品,更易受到这些可溶性盐的损坏。对于传统的解决砖瓦泛霜的办法,一般是将粉料磨细,或将矸石中的硫酸根用钡盐固定的方法。但是从制砖成本考虑,磨细需要多重破碎磨粉工序,破碎粉磨设备一般功率比较大,这样即增加了建设投资又增加了生产成本,不可取;采取用钡盐固定硫酸根的方法,添加剂成本比较高,而且增加了生产工序,而且砖瓦的烧结是固相反应,钡离子不一定能和硫酸根结合得完全,只生成极其少量的硫酸钡,砖中还有部分硫酸根,效果不理想。
因此,如何改善传统煤矸石砖力学性能不佳,易泛霜的缺点,以获取更高综合性能的煤矸石转,是其推广与应用于更广阔的领域,满足工业生产需求亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是:针对传统煤矸石砖力学性能不佳,易泛霜的缺点,提供了一种增强型煤矸石砖。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案是:
一种增强型煤矸石砖,是由以下重量份数的原料组成:
煤矸石 75~85份
黏土 4~6份
氧化铁粉 10~15份
高锰酸钾 15~25份
铝粉 5~12份
粉煤灰 20~23份
改性玻璃纤维 5~8份
所述改性玻璃纤维的制备方法为:
将玻璃纤维与无水乙醇按质量比1:10~1:15混合,并加入玻璃纤维质量0.2~0.4倍的硅烷偶联剂,超声振荡,过滤,干燥,得改性玻璃纤维;
所述增强型煤矸石砖的制备方法为:
(1)按原料组成称量各组份;
(2)将煤矸石粉碎,得煤矸石粉末,将黏土、氧化铁粉,高锰酸钾,铝粉,粉煤灰和改性玻璃纤维于球磨机中混合,得混合料,将混合料与煤矸石粉末搅拌混合后,加入模具中压制成型,得坯料,将坯料干燥后移入烧结炉中,烧结,随炉冷却至室温后,出料,养护,得增强型煤矸石砖。
所述粉煤灰为C类粉煤灰或F类粉煤灰中任意一种。
所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH-560,硅烷偶联剂KH-550或硅烷偶联剂KH-570中任意一种。
步骤(2)所述养护条件为于室温条件下,避光养护8~10天。
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明在制备煤矸石砖时加入高锰酸钾,一方面,高锰酸钾在加热条件下可分解产生氧气,生成的氧气可使煤矸石在烧结过程中,坯料内部可充分燃烧,从而使皮料的烧结程度提高,坯料内含硫率减少,从而使产品的力学性能提高,泛霜现象减少,另一方面,高锰酸钾在加热条件下还可以产生二氧化锰,二氧化锰可在空气中于加热条件下生成三氧化二锰,三氧化二锰可催化煤矸石中大分子含碳有机质在烧结过程中发生裂解,裂解产生的液态焦油可作为粘结剂,提高内部粘结强度,而固态炭质可作为骨架分散于体系内部,使产品的力学性能得到提高,并且高锰酸钾生成的二氧化锰以及三氧化二锰在后续加热过程中的脱氧产物都可以对产品的孔隙进行填充,从而使产品的力学性能得到提高,泛霜现象进一步减少;
(2)本发明在制备煤矸石砖时加入氧化铁粉和铝粉,首先,加入的铝粉可与坯料中的氧化铁及后续生成的二氧化锰发生铝热反应,从而使坯料的烧结程度提高,并且铝热反应产生的氧化铝可对煤矸石砖中的孔隙进一步填充,使产品的致密度得到提高,进而使产品的力学性能进一步提高,泛霜现象减少;其次,氧化铁粉在经铝热反应后会生成单质铁,由于在坯料体系中,氧气不充足,在高温状态下,铁单质会被氧化成四氧化三铁而存在于坯料中,由于四氧化三铁有磁性,因此四氧化三铁可作为煤矸石砖的骨料同时对煤矸石砖的孔隙进行填充,从而使产品的力学性能得到提高,泛霜现象减少。
具体实施方式
将玻璃纤维与无水乙醇按质量比1:10~1:15混合混合于烧杯中,并向烧杯中加入玻璃纤维质量0.2~0.4倍的硅烷偶联剂,将烧杯移入超声振荡仪,于频率为45~55kHz的条件下,超声振荡15~20min后,过滤,得滤饼,将滤饼移入干燥箱,于温度为75~85℃的条件下,干燥45~60min,得改性玻璃纤维;按重量份数计,依次称取75~85份煤矸石,4~6份黏土,10~15份氧化铁粉,15~25份高锰酸钾,5~12份铝粉,20~23份粉煤灰和5~8份改性玻璃纤维,将煤矸石于粉碎机中粉碎,得煤矸石粉末,将黏土,氧化铁粉,高锰酸钾,铝粉,粉煤灰和改性玻璃纤维加入球磨机中,并加入氧化铁粉质量4~6倍的氧化锆球磨珠,球磨20~30min,得混合料,将煤矸石粉末和混合料于温度为40~50℃,转速为200~220r/min的条件下,搅拌混合20~40min,得坯料混合物,将坯料混合物加入模具中,并将模具移入压力机中,于压力为2.8~4.0MPa的条件下,压制成型,得坯料,将坯料移入鼓风干燥箱中,于温度为90~100℃的条件下,鼓风干燥8~12h后,将干燥后的坯料移入烧结炉中,于温度为800~1100℃的条件下烧结5~7h,随炉冷却至室温后,出料,养护,得增强型煤矸石砖。所述粉煤灰为C类粉煤灰或F类粉煤灰中任意一种。所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH-560,硅烷偶联剂KH-550或硅烷偶联剂KH-570中任意一种。所述养护条件为于室温条件下,避光养护8~10天。
实例1
将玻璃纤维与无水乙醇按质量比1:15混合混合于烧杯中,并向烧杯中加入玻璃纤维质量0.4倍的硅烷偶联剂,将烧杯移入超声振荡仪,于频率为55kHz的条件下,超声振荡20min后,过滤,得滤饼,将滤饼移入干燥箱,于温度为85℃的条件下,干燥60min,得改性玻璃纤维;按重量份数计,依次称取85份煤矸石,6份黏土,15份氧化铁粉,25份高锰酸钾,12份铝粉,23份粉煤灰和8份改性玻璃纤维,将煤矸石于粉碎机中粉碎,得煤矸石粉末,将黏土,氧化铁粉,高锰酸钾,铝粉,粉煤灰和改性玻璃纤维加入球磨机中,并加入氧化铁粉质量6倍的氧化锆球磨珠,球磨30min,得混合料,将煤矸石粉末和混合料于温度为50℃,转速为220r/min的条件下,搅拌混合40min,得坯料混合物,将坯料混合物加入模具中,并将模具移入压力机中,于压力为4.0MPa的条件下,压制成型,得坯料,将坯料移入鼓风干燥箱中,于温度为100℃的条件下,鼓风干燥12h后,将干燥后的坯料移入烧结炉中,于温度为1100℃的条件下烧结7h,随炉冷却至室温后,出料,养护,得增强型煤矸石砖。所述粉煤灰为C类粉煤灰。所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH-560。所述养护条件为于室温条件下,避光养护10天。
实例2
将玻璃纤维与无水乙醇按质量比1:15混合混合于烧杯中,并向烧杯中加入玻璃纤维质量0.4倍的硅烷偶联剂,将烧杯移入超声振荡仪,于频率为55kHz的条件下,超声振荡20min后,过滤,得滤饼,将滤饼移入干燥箱,于温度为85℃的条件下,干燥60min,得改性玻璃纤维;按重量份数计,依次称取85份煤矸石,6份黏土,15份氧化铁粉,12份铝粉,23份粉煤灰和8份改性玻璃纤维,将煤矸石于粉碎机中粉碎,得煤矸石粉末,将黏土,氧化铁粉,铝粉,粉煤灰和改性玻璃纤维加入球磨机中,并加入氧化铁粉质量6倍的氧化锆球磨珠,球磨30min,得混合料,将煤矸石粉末和混合料于温度为50℃,转速为220r/min的条件下,搅拌混合40min,得坯料混合物,将坯料混合物加入模具中,并将模具移入压力机中,于压力为4.0MPa的条件下,压制成型,得坯料,将坯料移入鼓风干燥箱中,于温度为100℃的条件下,鼓风干燥12h后,将干燥后的坯料移入烧结炉中,于温度为1100℃的条件下烧结7h,随炉冷却至室温后,出料,养护,得增强型煤矸石砖。所述粉煤灰为C类粉煤灰。所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH-560。所述养护条件为于室温条件下,避光养护10天。
实例3
将玻璃纤维与无水乙醇按质量比1:15混合混合于烧杯中,并向烧杯中加入玻璃纤维质量0.4倍的硅烷偶联剂,将烧杯移入超声振荡仪,于频率为55kHz的条件下,超声振荡20min后,过滤,得滤饼,将滤饼移入干燥箱,于温度为85℃的条件下,干燥60min,得改性玻璃纤维;按重量份数计,依次称取85份煤矸石,6份黏土,25份高锰酸钾,23份粉煤灰和8份改性玻璃纤维,将煤矸石于粉碎机中粉碎,得煤矸石粉末,将黏土,高锰酸钾,粉煤灰和改性玻璃纤维加入球磨机中,并加入黏土质量15倍的氧化锆球磨珠,球磨30min,得混合料,将煤矸石粉末和混合料于温度为50℃,转速为220r/min的条件下,搅拌混合40min,得坯料混合物,将坯料混合物加入模具中,并将模具移入压力机中,于压力为4.0MPa的条件下,压制成型,得坯料,将坯料移入鼓风干燥箱中,于温度为100℃的条件下,鼓风干燥12h后,将干燥后的坯料移入烧结炉中,于温度为1100℃的条件下烧结7h,随炉冷却至室温后,出料,养护,得增强型煤矸石砖。所述粉煤灰为C类粉煤灰。所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH-560。所述养护条件为于室温条件下,避光养护10天。
对比例:山东某耐火材料有限公司生产的煤矸石转。
将实例1至3所得的增强型煤矸石砖及对比例产品进行性能检测,具体检测方法如下:
1.力学性能:按照GB5101对试件抗压强度进行检测;
2.泛霜检测:按照GB5101对试件泛霜程度进行检测,观察72h后材料外观。
具体检测结果如表1所示:
表1
由表1检测结果可知,本发明技术方案制备的增强型煤矸石砖具有优异的力学性能的特点,同时无泛霜现象,在建筑材料行业的发展中具有广阔的前景。

Claims (4)

1.一种增强型煤矸石砖,其特征在于:是由以下重量份数的原料组成:
煤矸石 75~85份
黏土 4~6份
氧化铁粉 10~15份
高锰酸钾 15~25份
铝粉 5~12份
粉煤灰 20~23份
改性玻璃纤维 5~8份
所述改性玻璃纤维的制备方法为:
将玻璃纤维与无水乙醇按质量比1:10~1:15混合,并加入玻璃纤维质量0.2~0.4倍的硅烷偶联剂,超声振荡,过滤,干燥,得改性玻璃纤维;
所述增强型煤矸石砖的制备方法为:
(1)按原料组成称量各组份;
(2)将煤矸石粉碎,得煤矸石粉末,将黏土、氧化铁粉,高锰酸钾,铝粉,粉煤灰和改性玻璃纤维于球磨机中混合,得混合料,将混合料与煤矸石粉末搅拌混合后,加入模具中压制成型,得坯料,将坯料干燥后移入烧结炉中,烧结,随炉冷却至室温后,出料,养护,得增强型煤矸石砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强型煤矸石砖,其特征在于:所述粉煤灰为C类粉煤灰或F类粉煤灰中任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强型煤矸石砖,其特征在于:所述硅烷偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂KH-560,硅烷偶联剂KH-550或硅烷偶联剂KH-570中任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种增强型煤矸石砖,其特征在于:步骤(2)所述养护条件为于室温条件下,避光养护8~10天。
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