CN104685007B - 基于水玻璃的钝化型碱性组合物 - Google Patents
基于水玻璃的钝化型碱性组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104685007B CN104685007B CN201380050569.2A CN201380050569A CN104685007B CN 104685007 B CN104685007 B CN 104685007B CN 201380050569 A CN201380050569 A CN 201380050569A CN 104685007 B CN104685007 B CN 104685007B
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- organosilan
- substituent group
- compositionss
- silicon
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 27
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- -1 hydrogen halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanamine Chemical compound [SiH3]N FZHAPNGMFPVSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001118 alkylidene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282376 Panthera tigris Species 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018540 Si C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000548 poly(silane) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical group CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
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- C09D5/082—Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D1/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances
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- C09D1/04—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, based on inorganic substances alkali metal silicates with organic additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
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- C23C18/1212—Zeolites, glasses
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
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- C23C18/125—Process of deposition of the inorganic material
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- C23C22/66—Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
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- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/22—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
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- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2222/00—Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium
- C23C2222/20—Use of solutions containing silanes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于在金属表面上提供防腐蚀涂层并在金属加工过程中赋予良好再成型性的基于水玻璃和具有不可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的碱性含水组合物,所述有机硅烷在所述取代基中具有伯氨基。为了获得期望的功能性,本发明的组合物以预定比例包含所述有机硅烷和水玻璃。本发明还涉及使用所述碱性含水组合物预处理金属表面的方法,该方法提供了优异的防腐蚀性、漆料粘附性和可再成型性结果,特别是在铝上以及在具有铝合金金属涂层的钢带上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在金属表面上提供防腐蚀涂层并在金属加工过程中赋予良好再成型性(reshaping property)的基于水玻璃和具有不可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的碱性含水组合物,所述有机硅烷在所述取代基中具有伯氨基。为了获得期望的功能性(functionality),本发明的组合物以预定比例包含所述有机硅烷和水玻璃。此外,本发明还涉及使用所述碱性含水组合物预处理金属表面的方法,其中该方法产生了优异的防腐蚀性、漆料粘附性和可再成型性(reshapeability)结果,特别是在铝上以及在具有铝合金金属涂层的钢带上。
背景技术
在金属半成品(例如,金属带、卷材或金属板)的制备中,在储存和运输至消费者处之前,通常向它们提供临时性的防腐蚀保护,所述防腐蚀保护应确保对于半成品的消费者而言金属带具有高表面品质。这些半成品的制造者随后关注到防腐蚀涂料应用中的运输保护。特别地,对于在金属涂层中具有铝的合金组分的经热浸涂覆的金属带,希望由金属带储存期间变化的天气条件所促进的丝状腐蚀得到有效地抑制。
然而,运输保护并非仅限于保持金属半成品在储存和运输期间的表面品质并因此抑制腐蚀现象,而相反运输保护应与消费者(其本身又是部件的制造者)所实施的后加工(finishing)步骤相相容,并且最好应进行后加工,从而便于实施制造步骤或省去制造步骤。
一方面,这对于消费者所要实施的再成型操作(例如,仿形切削或深拉)而言在一定程度上是真实的;另一方面,这对于在再成型之后但在用有机底漆或粉末涂料涂布之前进行的金属表面清洁而言在一定程度上也是真实的。因此,用金属加工液润湿金属半成品以在部件制造者对其进行再成型时保护金属表面和再成型工具,其中为了在仿形切削或深拉中获得低摩擦系数,必须具有与运输生产的相容性(compatibility)。
此外,部件制造者希望在清洁经抛光或深拉的半成品以去除金属加工液之后尽可能多地保留临时性的防腐蚀保护;此外,临时性的防腐蚀保护形成对于有机底漆或粉末涂料应用而言的良好粘附基质,从而可以省去部件制造者在部件上所实施的预处理步骤。
在现有技术中已知多种用于半成品的预处理方法,所述方法提供了适合于运输保护的涂层。
WO 00146310公开了通过向金属表面施用水基组合物并将其干燥来改善对所述金属表面的防腐蚀保护,所述水基组合物是可缩合的被氨基取代的硅烷和聚硅烷的混合物。
JP 56125464的主题是借助基于硅烷的组合物来设计在金属表面上的耐磨涂层,并公开了具有高表面硬度的包含被环氧化物取代的硅烷的组合物作为硬化涂层。本领域技术人员由JP 56125464会获悉,在其中所描述的组合物中的额外量的聚二醇会降低表面硬度并且增加金属表面上涂层的弹性。
EP 2284234A1公开了基于可缩合的有机硅烷的对金属带表面进行的第一防腐蚀保护预处理,所述可缩合的有机硅烷还确保了冷轧带的可再成型性,特别是在不施用额外试剂的情况下在深拉过程中的可再成型性。出于此目的,公开了包含有机硅烷以及聚醚二醇、聚酯二醇和/或聚碳酸酯二醇的混合物的组合物,所述有机硅烷至少部分由氨基硅烷构成,所述组合物必须包含大量的高挥发性醇。
EP 221637公开了薄的基于水玻璃和有机硅烷的耐腐蚀涂层,所述涂层特别适合用作高温涂层,其中施用溶液包含少量的挥发性有机化合物。
尽管一方面存在大量与防腐蚀保护预处理(其赋予金属半成品良好的运输保护)相关的现有技术且另一方面存在大量与形成在金属半成品加工中具有良好可再成型性的涂层的预处理相关的现有技术,但几乎没有这样的已知预处理,其既提供在运输期间的优异保护且还满足金属部件制造者对经预处理的半成品的相容性和功能性的要求。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的是开发一种用于对金属半成品进行预处理的组合物,其赋予对于半成品的储存和运输而言优异的防腐蚀保护,以及对于经后加工且经涂覆的部件而言优异的防腐蚀保护。出于此目的,在预处理中施用的防腐蚀保护涂层必须大部分在部件制造者的后加工步骤中继续存在而不受损,并且必须具有例如高碱性稳定性,从而在使用碱性清洁剂体系去除金属加工液时使得自身不受到侵蚀。同时,具有防腐蚀保护涂层的经防腐蚀保护预处理的半成品应具有对于用有机底漆或粉末涂料进行的涂覆而言良好的粘附基质。在防腐蚀保护中,特别重要的是确保可以基于用本发明组合物进行的预处理来充分地抑制由铝制成的半成品的丝状腐蚀或具有铝合金涂层的半成品的丝状腐蚀。此外,本发明的组合物必须在与部件制造者所用的制造方法相容的半成品上形成涂层,并且必须最大地支持半成品再成型操作,例如在仿形切削或深拉中。这尤其意味着用本发明组合物预处理的金属半成品必须允许在暴露于水基金属加工液之后具有最低的可能摩擦系数。
此外,本发明的组合物应特别适合于以液体膜的形式施用于金属半成品上,特别是施用于金属带上,并且在常规施用方法中干燥(“原位干燥”法)。
这一系列目的通过用于预处理金属半成品的碱性的水基组合物而实现,所述组合物包含:
a)SiO2与M2O的摩尔比为至少3:2且不超过7:1的水玻璃,其中M选自碱金属和/或季铵化合物;
b)一种或多种有机硅烷(A),其各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基,所述取代基在水解中裂解为在1巴大气压下沸点低于100℃的醇,并且所述有机硅烷(A)在各硅原子上具有1至3个不可水解的取代基,这些不可水解的取代基具有至少一个伯氨基,其中在有机硅烷(A)的各硅原子上的取代基的总数为4,
其中有机硅烷(A)的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的总量的摩尔比为至少0.14但不超过0.3。
具体实施方式
术语“金属半成品”在本发明的范围内比现有技术中已知半成品的总和更宽泛地解释,例如,金属板、金属卷材或金属带,并且描述了通常进行再成型操作以产生相应金属部件的所有金属物体。
本发明意义上的有机硅烷具有至少一个Si-C共价键,经由该键,所称的“不可水解的取代基”与硅原子键合。
如果将本发明的组合物直接施用于金属半成品并干燥,则获得了具有优异再成型性和非常良好的与常规水基金属加工液的相容性并同时还提供防腐蚀保护的涂层。此外,获得了防腐蚀保护涂层对随后施用的有机底漆涂层的非常良好的粘附性赋予特性(adhesion-imparting property),其中在具有铝合金金属表面的半成品上的涂层或在铝制品上的涂层本身又被有机底漆或粉末涂料涂覆并具有低的出现丝状腐蚀的倾向。
令人惊讶的是已发现,相对大量的具有伯氨基的有机硅烷(相对于水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的此类有机硅烷的总量)对于在部件制造过程中金属半成品的良好可再成型性而言是必要的。因此,已发现,当具有伯氨基的有机硅烷的预定相对量低于所述预定相对量时,铝合金金属表面或铝表面可以被充分地钝化,但随后基于本发明所述类型的碱性的水基组合物的经施用且干燥的涂层的可再成型性是不足的。相反,当存在比本发明的预定量高的相对量的增量时,钝化效果明显增加,以致于金属部件上——特别是由铝合金金属制成的部件或由铝构成的部件上——所述涂层的防腐蚀性是不足的。
在这一点上,为了实现金属半成品的优异可再成型性,对于在金属半成品上的防腐蚀保护涂层的制备而言,本发明的组合物是优选的,在所述组合物中有机硅烷的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的的硅原子的总量的摩尔比为至少0.16、尤其优选为至少0.18,但优选不超过0.26、尤其优选不超过0.22。
为了实现本发明组合物的良好可加工性和无机硅酸盐与有机硅烷的充分缩合,优选的是,来自水玻璃的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不低于2、尤其优选不低于2.5,并且优选不超过6、尤其优选不超过5。如果有机硅烷的相对量过高,则本发明组合物的粘度可能增加至通过使用典型的漆料施用方法施用该组合物成问题的程度。相反,如果相对量或有机硅烷过低,则所得的无机硅酸盐的交联可能过低,这转而对金属部件上由所述组合物产生的层状涂层(layer coatings)的防腐蚀保护特性具有负面作用。
基于各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的总量,本发明组合物中有机硅烷(A)的量优选非常高,从而能够赋予经干燥的涂层对于金属而言所期望的性质,即,非常良好的防腐蚀保护和漆料粘附性,以及优异的可再成型性。因此,本发明的优选组合物是其中来自有机硅烷(A)的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不小于0.8、尤其优选不小于0.9的那些组合物。
如果于金属表面上施用的并干燥的本发明组合物包含在不可水解的取代基中具有几个氨基的有机硅烷(A),其中伯氨基与仲氨基和叔氨基的比不大于0.8、优选不大于0.5,则可以进一步改善防腐蚀保护特性以及对要随后施用的有机底漆涂层的漆料粘附性。
此外,在这一点上,本发明的优选组合物是包含各自具有至少一个不可水解的取代基的有机硅烷(A)的那些组合物,所述不可水解的取代基具有聚亚烷基胺单元,该单元具有至少两个氨基、尤其优选具有至少三个氨基,其中亚烷基单元优选由不超过五个碳原子构成、特别优选由不超过四个碳原子构成。
在本发明的组合物中,有机硅烷(A)的可水解的取代基在缩合和/或水解中裂解出醇,这些醇在1巴的大气压下具有100℃的沸点。在优选的实施方案中,本发明组合物的有机硅烷(A)的可水解的取代基因此选自甲氧基、乙氧基和/或丙氧基,特别是选自甲氧基。
用于在铝合金金属表面上及在铝表面上产生防腐蚀保护涂层的本发明组合物中的有机硅烷(A)的尤其合适的代表选自具有结构通式(I)的氨基硅烷:
H2N-[(CH2)mNH]y(CH2)n-Si-X3 (I)
其中取代基X各自彼此独立地选自具有不超过4个碳原子的烷氧基、优选具有不超过2个碳原子的烷氧基,其中m和n各自彼此独立地表示1至4的整数,并且y是0至8的整数、优选1至5的整数。结构通式(I)的有机硅烷(A)的优选代表包括3-(二亚乙基三氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(亚乙基二氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、3-(二亚乙基三氨基)丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-(亚乙基二氨基)丙基三乙氧基硅烷和3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷,尤其优选3-(二亚乙基三氨基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷。
此外,少量的交联多核有机硅烷可以改善基于本发明组合物的涂层的耐腐蚀性,而不对以此方式涂覆的金属化合物的可再成型性具有负面作用。因此,在本发明的优选组合物中,至少双核的有机硅烷也可以存在,在所述有机硅烷中,甲硅烷基单元各自具有至少两个可水解的取代基并且彼此通过至少一个不可水解的二亚烷基胺单元连接;所述二亚烷基胺单元尤其优选由不超过10个碳原子构成。这些多核有机硅烷的优选代表包括双(3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺、双(3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)胺。
本发明组合物中所包含的水玻璃是由熔体或其水溶液凝固的玻璃态的(即无定形的)水溶性硅酸盐。本发明组合物中的优选水玻璃是其中SiO2与M2O的摩尔比为至少5:2但优选不大于5:1的那些,其中M选自碱金属和/或季铵化合物、尤其优选选自钾和/或钠。
本发明组合物中可以额外存在铝盐以进一步改善坯料(blank)的防腐蚀保护,这对于运输中的保护是至关重要的;所述铝盐优选为那些铝盐,其不是卤离子源,尤其优选是铝酸盐,例如NaAl(OH)4。坯料的防腐蚀保护特别是在电解镀锌钢带上得到增加,而且在已经热浸镀锌的钢带上以稍微较小的程度增加。
除了各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷之外,本发明的组合物还可以包含额外的硅烷。在这一点上,优选的是,本发明的组合物包含基于元素Si计不超过0.2重量%的具有四个可水解的取代基的硅烷,因为所述硅烷大大增加了有机硅烷与水玻璃的交联,从而使得用较大量的这些硅烷不能获得稳定或可施用的组合物。
本发明组合物的pH优选为9至13,尤其优选为10至12。
本发明还涉及水基浓缩物,其通过用至多20倍的水稀释而产生即用的本发明组合物。
同样根据本发明的所述浓缩物包含:
a)基于SiO2计15重量%至50重量%的其中SiO2与M2O的摩尔比为至少3:2但不超过7:1的水玻璃,其中M选自碱金属和/或季铵化合物;
b)基于元素硅计2重量%至20重量%的有机硅烷(A),其各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基,所述取代基通过水解而裂解为沸点低于100℃的醇,并且所述有机硅烷(A)在各硅原子上具有1至3个不可水解的取代基,这些不可水解的取代基具有至少一个伯氨基,其中在有机硅烷(A)的各硅原子上的取代基的总数为4;
c)基于元素硅计不超过5重量%的各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷,但其中任何一个均不为有机硅烷(A);
d)基于元素硅计不超过1重量%的具有当水解时裂解出卤化氢的可水解的取代基的有机硅烷;
e)基于元素铝计不超过1重量%的水溶性铝盐;
f)基于元素硅计不超过0.2重量%的各自具有4个可水解的取代基的硅烷,
其中所述有机硅烷的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的摩尔比为至少0.14但不超过0.3。
对于本发明水基浓缩物的组分,本发明的碱性的水基组合物的前述优选实施方案也相应地适用。
本发明的浓缩物优选可通过向包含水的至少15重量%水玻璃(按SiO2来计算的)的澄清溶液添加相应量的有机硅烷(A)和任选存在的不为有机硅烷(A)的其它有机硅烷而获得,其中在添加所述量的有机硅烷之后,将包含水的混合物在30℃至60℃的温度下搅拌,直至再次获得澄清溶液。当在30℃的溶液温度下于光散射方法中根据DIN ISO 7027以860nm波长测量的浊度值(NTU)小于50时,该溶液是澄清溶液。
特别是,本发明的浓缩物可以通过以下方式获得:在添加有机硅烷之后尽可能长地加热含水的混合物,并且任选地暴露于减压下,直至在1巴大气压下沸点低于100℃的醇的量低于1g/L、尤其优选低于100ppm。
本发明还包括用于在对金属半成品再成型以形成金属部件并用有机底漆对其进行涂覆之前预处理所述金属半成品的方法,其中使所述半成品的至少一部分金属表面与本发明的组合物接触(优选与在水中稀释的本发明浓缩物接触),从而在所述半成品的所述金属表面部分上产生液体膜,其向所述金属表面部分提供基于元素硅计至少5mg/m2、优选至少20mg/m2、但基于元素硅计优选不超过300mg/m2、尤其优选不超过100mg/m2的涂层。
合适的施用方法是现有技术中通常已知的,并且特别是包括辊式施用法、喷射和浸渍施用。
向半成品的金属表面上施用的液体膜优选在30℃至200℃、尤其优选在30℃至100℃的金属峰值温度(PMT,peak metal temperature)下干燥。IR辐射也适合用于所述干燥,从而可以甚至在较低的PMT下成功地进行干燥。
通过本发明的方法预处理的金属半成品可以容易地再成型,即,在再成型工具(例如,压力式粉碎机(press mill)中的)上的磨损最小,从而在用有机底漆进行任何进一步涂布之前形成部件,而没有由于用碱性清洁剂任选地预先清洁半成品而产生的显著负面作用,或没有再成型操作自身对涂层的耐腐蚀作用的任何显著的负面作用。
因此,在根据本发明的方法中,在施用本发明组合物的液体膜、优选用水稀释的本发明浓缩物的液体膜之后且在干燥所述液体膜之后但在用有机底漆进行任何进一步的涂覆之前进行再成型操作。
通常,已发现当半成品的金属表面具有基于元素铝计并由湿式化学法测定的至少10mg/m2、优选至少20mg/m2的铝涂层时,在本发明的方法中向半成品所施用的涂层的防腐蚀保护和漆料粘附性以及用以形成部件的涂层的再成型性质得到尤其显著地改善,因而使用所述金属半成品的本发明方法是优选的。涂层通过湿式化学法经由在60℃下将半成品的金属表面浸入1N氢氧化钠溶液中10秒而测定,其中在将金属板从所述氢氧化钠溶液中移出之后用去离子水冲洗,从而使从半成品滴落的冲洗水进入所述氢氧化钠溶液。在测定所述氢氧化钠溶液的总体积之后,去除确定的试样体积,然后通过使用光发射谱中的电感耦合氩等离子(ICP-OES)来确定试样体积中的铝含量,并将其外推至所述总体积并标准化为总表面积,从而测定金属半成品的总表面上的涂层。
本发明的方法因此极好地适合用于铝及其合金的半成品或具有铝合金金属涂层的钢的半成品的预处理。适合于本发明方法的由具有铝合金金属涂层的钢制成的半成品特别是包括热浸涂覆的钢带和火焰镀锌钢带(Z)、锌-镁-铝钢带(ZM)、Galfan(ZA)、Galvalume(AZ)和火焰镀铝钢带(AS),而火焰镀锌钢带(Z)和Galvalume(AZ)是尤其优选的。在本发明的方法中,通过本发明的方法在所选的金属半成品上产生涂层,所述涂层向随后施用的有机底漆涂层赋予非常良好的防腐蚀保护和漆料粘附性并还在制备相应部件的过程中赋予优异的可再成型性。
本发明的用于制备经热浸涂覆的钢带的经表面处理的部件的特别优选方法包括以下连续步骤a)至e):
a)使经热浸涂覆的钢带与本发明的组合物或与用水稀释的本发明浓缩物接触,从而在经热浸涂覆的钢带上产生液体膜,其在——优选在升高的温度下——干燥之后提供基于元素硅计至少5mg/m2、优选至少20mg/m2、但优选不超过300mg/m2、尤其优选不超过100mg/m2的层状涂层;
b)向所述经热浸涂覆的钢带施用水混溶性金属加工液;
c)再成型——优选仿形切削——所述经热浸涂覆的钢带以形成部件;
d)清洁所述部件,优选用水基中性或碱性清洁剂清洁所述部件;
e)向所述部件施用有机底漆或粉末涂料。
经热浸涂覆的钢带优选具有基于元素铝计至少10mg/m2、尤其优选至少20mg/m2的层重(在该工艺顺序中通过湿式化学法而测定的)。
水混溶性金属加工液特别为水包油乳液。
在单个步骤a)与e)之间,可以提供额外的冲洗步骤和清洁步骤,并且在步骤d)和e)之间可以额外地实施基于湿式化学法的用含水组合物进行的钝化预处理。
示例性实施方案:
首先通过压紧式涂布机(pinch coater)施用液体膜,然后将其在40℃干燥,从而用表1的碱性含水组合物预处理各种热浸镀锌钢板。基于液体膜厚度,以该方式将层重调整成基于元素硅计50mg/m2至60mg/m2。通过x射线分析(RFA)来测定层重。
对以该方式预处理的金属板根据DIN EN ISO 9227进行坯料腐蚀测试。
在借助碱性组合物施用涂层之后立即用基于聚酯的粉末涂料(TIGER涂料)来制备其它金属板。在这样做时,设定漆料层厚度为80μm。对涂覆有粉末涂料的金属板进行冷凝水气候测试,然后提供Erichsen杯突。根据DIN EN ISO 2409测定压痕上的交叉线漆料粘附性测试。
表1
在向经热浸镀锌的钢板(TKS,Beeckerwerh FBA4)借助于各种碱性组合物施用粉末涂料形式的涂层之后的坯料腐蚀的防腐蚀结果和漆料粘附性
1钾水玻璃28/30(8.1重量%K2O;20.9重量%SiO2)
2剩余5重量%=10%NH3溶液
*伯氨基与来自水玻璃和硅烷的硅的摩尔比
**根据DIN EN ISO 9227的48小时盐雾测试;评价具有白锈的表面面积的比例
***在根据DIN EN ISO 6270-2CH的冷凝水气候测试中储存3天,然后根据DIN ENISO 2409基于Erichsen杯突(6mm)来评价网格切段中的漆料粘附性
从表1中可以推出,本发明的组合物(实施例编号3)得到在坯料防腐蚀以及漆料粘附性方面最佳的测试结果。然而,包含非本发明的数量比的水玻璃和氨基硅烷的碱性组合物(实施例编号2)在这两个测试方法中均不合格。与包含水玻璃的碱性组合物(实施例编号1)或包含氨基硅烷的碱性组合物(实施例编号4)相比,包含水玻璃和氨基硅烷的混合物的碱性组合物的协同作用是明显的。
此外,对于具有基于元素硅计层重为50-60mg/m2的实施例编号2和3的组合物的涂层的片状金属板,测量它们在带材拉伸测试中的摩擦学行为。为此,用金属加工液(MultanES 184B;Henkel AG&Co.KGaA)润湿金属板,并夹持在两个平的金属钳之间。用稳定的力作用在夹持方向以恒定速率将金属板从金属钳的夹持中移出,并且测量如此做所需的力。图1示出随夹持力而变化的在带材拉伸测试中测定的滑动摩擦系数。
明显的是,本发明的组合物(实施例编号3,图1中的曲线c)以钢板上的涂层形式产生几乎恒定的低滑动摩擦系数;该系数在整个拉力测量范围内几乎始终是低的,因此例如在仿形切削金属板时赋予良好的再成型性。因此,基于本发明的组合物,赋予了预处理与部件制造中再成型操作的相容性。对于涂层形式的非本发明的组合物(实施例编号2,图1中的曲线a),随着拉力增加,实现了滑动摩擦系数的明显增加,从而此类涂层在金属加工中呈现较高的相反阻力,并造成对钢带表面和再成型时的再成型工具的较大损害。完全未处理的钢板(图1中的曲线b)也具有与根据本发明处理的钢板相比较高的滑动摩擦阻力,其中还发生周期性不稳定,并导致再成型时对工具的显著磨损,尽管摩擦系数是相对低的。
Claims (25)
1.碱性的水基组合物,其包含
a)SiO2与M2O的摩尔比为至少3:2且不超过7:1的水玻璃,其中M选自碱金属和/或季铵化合物;
b)一种或多种有机硅烷(A),其各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基,所述取代基在水解中裂解为在1巴大气压下沸点低于100℃的醇,并且所述有机硅烷(A)在各硅原子上具有1至3个不可水解的取代基,这些不可水解的取代基具有至少一个伯氨基,其中在所述有机硅烷(A)的各硅原子上的取代基的总数为4,
其中所述有机硅烷(A)的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的总量的摩尔比为至少0.14但不超过0.3。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机硅烷(A)的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的总量的摩尔比为至少0.16。
3.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机硅烷(A)的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的总量的摩尔比为至少0.18。
4.如权利要求2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机硅烷(A)的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的总量的摩尔比不超过0.26。
5.如权利要求4所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机硅烷(A)的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的总量的摩尔比不超过0.22。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机硅烷(A)在不可水解的取代基中具有多个氨基,其中伯氨基与仲氨基和叔氨基的比不大于0.8。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述伯氨基与仲氨基和叔氨基的比不大于0.5。
8.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机硅烷(A)各自包含至少一个不可水解的取代基,该不可水解的取代基具有聚亚烷基胺单元,所述单元具有至少两个氨基。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述聚亚烷基胺单元具有至少三个氨基。
10.如权利要求8所述的组合物,其特征在于,其中所述亚烷基由不超过五个碳原子构成。
11.如权利要求10所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述亚烷基由不超过四个碳原子构成。
12.如权利要求6所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述有机硅烷(A)选自具有结构通式(I)的氨基硅烷:
H2N-[(CH2)mNH]y(CH2)n-Si-X3 (I)
其中所述取代基X彼此独立地选自具有不超过4个碳原子的烷氧基,
其中m和n各自彼此独立地为1至4的整数,并且y为0至8的整数的整数。
13.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其特征在于,所述取代基X彼此独立地选自具有不超过2个碳原子的烷氧基。
14.如权利要求12所述的组合物,其特征在于,y为1至5的整数。
15.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,来自水玻璃的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不小于2。
16.如权利要求15所述的组合物,其特征在于,来自水玻璃的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不小于2.5。
17.如权利要求15所述的组合物,其特征在于,来自水玻璃的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不大于6。
18.如权利要求17所述的组合物,其特征在于,来自水玻璃的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不大于5。
19.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其特征在于,来自有机硅烷(A)的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不小于0.8。
20.如权利要求19所述的组合物,其特征在于,来自有机硅烷(A)的硅与来自各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅的摩尔比不小于0.9。
21.水基浓缩物,其包含:
a)基于SiO2计15重量%至50重量%的其中SiO2与M2O的摩尔比为至少3:2但不超过7:1的水玻璃,其中M选自碱金属和/或季铵化合物;
b)基于元素硅计2重量%至20重量%的有机硅烷(A),其各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基,所述取代基在水解中裂解为沸点低于100℃的醇,并且所述有机硅烷(A)在各硅原子上具有1至3个不可水解的取代基,每一不可水解的取代基具有至少一个伯氨基,其中在所述有机硅烷(A)的各硅原子上的取代基的总数为4;
c)基于元素硅计不超过5重量%的各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷,但其不为有机硅烷(A);
d)基于元素硅计不超过1重量%的具有在水解中裂解出卤化氢的可水解的取代基的有机硅烷;
e)基于元素铝计不超过1重量%的水溶性铝盐,
f)基于元素硅计不超过0.2重量%的各自具有4个可水解的取代基的硅烷,
其中所述有机硅烷的伯氨基与来自水玻璃和各自具有至少一个可水解的取代基的有机硅烷的硅原子的摩尔比为至少0.14但不超过0.3。
22.在再成型以形成金属部件并用有机底漆涂覆所述部件之前预处理金属半成品的方法,其特征在于,使所述半成品的至少一部分金属表面与经水稀释的权利要求21所述的浓缩物接触,从而使得在所述半成品的所述金属表面部分上所产生的液体膜在干燥后于所述金属表面部分上提供涂层,所述涂层基于元素硅计为至少5mg/m2但不超过300mg/m2。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述涂层基于元素硅计为至少20mg/m2。
24.如权利要求22所述的方法,其特征在于,所述涂层基于元素硅计为不超过100mg/m2。
25.如权利要求22至24中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属半成品由铝及其合金或在钢上的铝合金金属涂层制成。
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CN101688309B (zh) * | 2007-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 日本帕卡濑精株式会社 | 镀锌钢板用水性表面处理液及镀锌钢板 |
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EP2216371A1 (de) * | 2009-02-07 | 2010-08-11 | Cognis IP Management GmbH | Lösemittelfreie wasserlösliche Silan modifizierte Silikate |
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2013
- 2013-09-25 EP EP13766539.4A patent/EP2900766B2/de active Active
- 2013-09-25 ES ES13766539T patent/ES2602553T5/es active Active
- 2013-09-25 CA CA2886127A patent/CA2886127C/en active Active
- 2013-09-25 BR BR112015006620-8A patent/BR112015006620B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-09-25 AU AU2013322707A patent/AU2013322707B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-09-25 KR KR1020157009545A patent/KR101942761B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-09-25 JP JP2015536049A patent/JP6093868B2/ja active Active
- 2013-09-25 CN CN201380050569.2A patent/CN104685007B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-09-25 WO PCT/EP2013/069983 patent/WO2014049000A1/de active Application Filing
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2015
- 2015-03-19 US US14/662,303 patent/US9777165B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104685007A (zh) | 2015-06-03 |
WO2014049000A1 (de) | 2014-04-03 |
AU2013322707A1 (en) | 2015-04-16 |
JP6093868B2 (ja) | 2017-03-08 |
BR112015006620B1 (pt) | 2022-02-08 |
US9777165B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
EP2900766B1 (de) | 2016-08-24 |
EP2900766B2 (de) | 2019-10-16 |
KR20150065726A (ko) | 2015-06-15 |
EP2900766A1 (de) | 2015-08-05 |
JP2016501981A (ja) | 2016-01-21 |
ES2602553T3 (es) | 2017-02-21 |
US20150191605A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
CA2886127C (en) | 2020-09-22 |
ES2602553T5 (es) | 2020-05-29 |
CA2886127A1 (en) | 2014-04-03 |
BR112015006620A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
AU2013322707B2 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
KR101942761B1 (ko) | 2019-01-28 |
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