CN104094763A - Finger citron overwintering cultivation method - Google Patents
Finger citron overwintering cultivation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104094763A CN104094763A CN201410352043.6A CN201410352043A CN104094763A CN 104094763 A CN104094763 A CN 104094763A CN 201410352043 A CN201410352043 A CN 201410352043A CN 104094763 A CN104094763 A CN 104094763A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- months
- grafting
- citron
- carried out
- branches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 240000007126 Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000002555 Citrus medica var sarcodactylis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 244000179970 Monarda didyma Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010672 Monarda didyma Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000001938 Citrus medica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000004307 Citrus medica Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000034303 cell budding Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000248349 Citrus limon Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000004495 emulsifiable concentrate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000005739 Bordeaux mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241001517923 Douglasiidae Species 0.000 description 4
- 241001468872 Fumagospora capnodioides Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000207199 Citrus Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 3
- AAILEWXSEQLMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-pyridazin-6-one Chemical compound OC1=CC=CN=N1 AAILEWXSEQLMNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dimethoxybenzenecarbothioamide Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(OC)=C1C(N)=S WEEMDRWIKYCTQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YPSCQJTUAKNUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-[(4-chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]benzamide Chemical compound C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl YPSCQJTUAKNUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 2
- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005893 Diflubenzuron Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000510032 Ellipsaria lineolata Species 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000258937 Hemiptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000488581 Panonychus citri Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000642 acaricide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 description 2
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QQQYTWIFVNKMRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diflubenzuron Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 QQQYTWIFVNKMRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940019503 diflubenzuron Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XQUXKZZNEFRCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenpropathrin Chemical compound CC1(C)C(C)(C)C1C(=O)OC(C#N)C1=CC=CC(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 XQUXKZZNEFRCAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- QXJKBPAVAHBARF-BETUJISGSA-N procymidone Chemical compound O=C([C@]1(C)C[C@@]1(C1=O)C)N1C1=CC(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1 QXJKBPAVAHBARF-BETUJISGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008653 root damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960002385 streptomycin sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical group COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000203475 Neopanax arboreus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005938 Teflubenzuron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950008167 abamectin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N teflubenzuron Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1C(=O)NC(=O)NC1=CC(Cl)=C(F)C(Cl)=C1F CJDWRQLODFKPEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a finger citron overwintering cultivation method. The finger citron overwintering cultivation method includes land selection, culture of seedlings, planting, nutrient and water management, intertillage weeding, pruning and overwintering management. The finger citron overwintering cultivation method has the advantages that breakthrough improvement of a conventional method is realized to enable finger citron overwintering survival rate to reach to 95% which is increased by 50% as compared with that of the conventional planting method, and remarkable effects are achieved while finger citrons grow well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fingered citron planting, and particularly relates to a fingered citron overwintering cultivation method.
Background
The fingered citron is also named as jiegu, five-finger orange and bergamot, is evergreen small arbor of citrus plants in Rutaceae, is mainly produced in Minyue, Chuan, Jiangzhe and other provinces, is also divided into bergamot, Chuan bergamot and golden bergamot, has higher ornamental value, and has precious medicinal value and economic value.
The fingered citron is a tropical and subtropical plant, is fond of warm and humid environment with sufficient sunlight, is not resistant to severe cold and frost, is not easy to be frozen, has the optimum growth temperature of 22-24 ℃, is planted in a low-temperature severe cold area, is difficult to overwinter and survive, and is easy to have the phenomena of no flowering, no fructification, less fructification and small fructification; therefore, the overwintering cultivation technology of the fingered citron becomes an important link in the production process of the fingered citron in low-temperature and severe cold areas; according to the planting history of the fingered citron in the Sichuan area and the empirical analysis that the overwintering survival rate is seriously low, the related achievements can not be used for reference; if a greenhouse cultivation method is used for heat preservation and overwintering, the cost is high and the popularization is difficult; therefore, the finger citron overwintering planting technology needs a new method with simple and convenient research and operation, high survival rate and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating fingered citron overwintering, which solves the problem that the fingered citron is difficult to overwinter and survive in a low-temperature and severe cold area.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for cultivating fingered citron through winter, comprising:
1) land selection
Selecting a sunny slope land with fertile and loose soil and the pH value of the soil being 5.5-7.0 to plant fingered citron; the gradient of the sloping field is 5-15 degrees;
2) seedling raising
Selecting a 5-8-year-old robust stock plant, and cutting old healthy branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests for cuttage or grafting propagation;
3) planting
Planting annual fingered citron seedlings which are bred by cutting or grafting and are 50-70 cm high; digging pits with the depth of 30-50 cm and the diameter of 50-70 cm according to the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 3 m; the pits are arranged in a triangular shape;
placing fingered citron seedlings in the pits, extending the roots of the fingered citron to the periphery, compacting, and hilling to be higher than the ground;
4) management of fertilizer and water
Applying farmyard manure and an N-P-K compound fertilizer once every 30-45 days after field planting;
the N-P-K ratio of each finger citron tree is 1:1:0.5 kg of compound fertilizer 0.2-0.25 kg, 3-5 kg of farmyard manure with the ratio of fertilizing water to 1:1, and covering soil after irrigation;
digging and fertilizing a triangular blank zone in the middle of the bergamot tree, applying 0.6-1 kg of compound fertilizer with the N-P-K ratio of 1:1:0.5, applying 6-8 kg of farmyard manure with the fertilizer water ratio of 1:1, and covering soil after irrigating;
irrigating water 5-8 days after fertilization, and completely filling the water; in dry seasons, the condition that the ground surface is 1-2 cm dry is taken as the standard, and in rainy seasons, the ditch is ensured to be smooth so as to facilitate drainage;
5) intertillage weeding
3 times per year; before budding in 2 months for the 1 st time, before and after summer solstice for the 2 nd time, and after fruit picking before and after downy for the 3 rd time;
during intertillage, the soil layer inside the bergamot crown drip line cannot be dug deeply to prevent the roots from being damaged; hilling and stumping are needed once in winter;
6) pruning and shaping
After planting for 9 months in the next year, re-shearing the Buddha hand trees to remove diseases, weak branches and old branches, observing the whole tree vigor, reserving 4-5 mother branches, and reserving 3-4 fruit branches on each mother branch;
7) overwintering management
After winter, when the temperature drops to 6-10 ℃, watering thoroughly, winding the base of the trunk by a film for 15-20 cm, covering the area within 40-60 cm by using straw with the finger citron trunk as the center to achieve the effects of moisture preservation and heat preservation, then not fertilizing and watering, and after the temperature rises again in spring, managing the fertilizer and water;
in the seedling raising step, when cutting propagation is carried out, the cutting propagation is carried out in 2-4 months in spring or 8-10 months in autumn;
when grafting propagation is adopted, grafting is carried out in 2-3 months in spring or 8-9 months in autumn, grafting is carried out in 2-3 months in spring by adopting a cutting grafting method, and grafting is carried out in 8-9 months in autumn by adopting a side grafting method; the rootstock is citron, lemon, orange or pomelo.
The fingered citron overwintering cultivation method provided by the application is a breakthrough improvement on the conventional method, so that the overwintering survival rate of the fingered citron reaches 95%, is improved by 50% compared with the conventional planting method, the effect is extremely obvious, and the growth is good.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Selecting land: the fingered citron is planted in the slightly acidic soil with loose soil, fertile soil and pH value of 5.5 in the sunny slope, the slope of the slope is 5 degrees, and irrigation and drainage are facilitated;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a strong stock plant which grows for 8 years and has high yield, shearing old healthy branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests, shearing leaves and tender tips, cutting into cuttings with the length of 10-20 cm, flattening the upper end of each cuttings, and shearing the lower end of each cuttings into an oblique opening; cuttage is carried out in 9 months in autumn;
(3) planting: after the cuttage seedlings are cultivated for one year, the cuttage seedlings can be planted when the seedlings are 50-70 cm high; the field planting can be carried out in both spring and autumn, generally, the temperature rises to 2-3 months in spring, and the field planting is best when new buds germinate; digging pits with the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 3m, wherein the pit depth is 30-50 cm, the pit diameter is 50-70 cm, and the arrangement of the pits is staggered and is triangular; putting 1 seedling in each pit, strengthening to enable fibrous roots to extend to the periphery, filling fine soil, treading tightly, and finally building soil to be higher than the ground;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management: applying farmyard manure and an N-P-K compound fertilizer once every 30-45 days after field planting; applying 0.2kg of compound fertilizer with the weight ratio of N-P-K being 1:1:0.5 to each finger citron tree, then applying 3kg of farmyard manure with the weight ratio of fertilizer to water being 1:1, irrigating and covering soil;
digging and fertilizing in a triangular blank zone in the middle of the bergamot tree, applying 0.6kg of compound fertilizer with the weight ratio of N-P-K being 1:1:0.5, applying 6kg of farmyard manure with the weight ratio of fertilizer to water being 1:1, and covering soil after irrigating; irrigating water 5-8 days after fertilization, completely filling the water, particularly taking 1-2 cm of dry ground surface as an irrigation indicator in dry seasons, and ensuring the ditch to be smooth in rainy seasons so as to facilitate drainage;
(5) intertillage weeding: 3 times per year, and fertilization is combined; before budding in 2 months for the 1 st time, before and after summer solstice for the 2 nd time, and after fruit picking before and after frost heave for the 3 rd time; during intertillage, the soil layer inside the bergamot crown drip line cannot be dug deeply to prevent root damage, and the roots are hilled and clung once in winter;
(6) trimming and shaping: the finger citron has a low tree shape, more branches and a wide crown, and is required to be pruned and cultivated into a shrub shape or a dwarf tree shape through pruning; after planting for 9 months in the next year, re-shearing the Buddha hand trees to remove diseases, weak branches and old branches, observing the whole tree vigor, reserving 4-5 mother branches, and reserving 3-4 fruit branches on each mother branch;
(7) overwintering management: the optimal growth temperature of the fingered citron is 22-24 ℃, the fingered citron is difficult to survive in the winter in a low-temperature area, and a moisturizing and heat-preserving technology is adopted in the winter management technology; after the fingered citron enters the winter, when the temperature drops to 6-10 ℃, water is poured once, a film is wound on the base of a trunk for 15cm, then the area in the area of 40cm is covered by rice straws by taking the fingered citron trunk as the center, then fertilization and irrigation are not carried out, and fertilizer and water management is carried out after the temperature rises again in the beginning of spring, so that the fingered citron can live through the winter at a low temperature and the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited.
(8) And (3) pest control: the diseases and insect pests of the fingered citron mainly comprise canker, anthracnose, sooty mould, leaf miner, butterfly citrus, panonychus citri, scale insect and red spider, etc.; wherein,
ulcer disease: the medicament can use l000 units/ml streptomycin sulfate and 1% alcohol as an auxiliary agent, or 20% phyllobite wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 50% dichlorfluzole 500-800 times liquid, or 50% procymidone 500-800 times liquid, or 1:1: spraying 200 Bordeaux mixture.
Anthracnose: cutting off insect-infected branches and bare-grown branches, removing fallen leaves on the ground, and burning the fallen leaves intensively; and (3) coating 1:1:10 Bordeaux mixture or 100-200 times of 70% thiophanate methyl (or 50% carbendazim) wettable powder on the wound after trimming.
Sooty mould: the 50% wettable powder of the kemeidan can be used for 800 times of liquid, or 80% wettable powder of 600 times of liquid, 40% wettable powder of Dafudan of 400 times of liquid, or 0.5: 1: spraying 100 times of Bordeaux mixture.
Leaf miner: the pesticide composition can be sprayed by using 3000-4000 times of 1% or 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable concentrate, 2000-3000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, 1500-2000 times of 24% Wanling emulsifiable concentrate, 1000-2000 times of 5% pyriduron emulsifiable concentrate, 1500-3000 times of 20% diflubenzuron suspending agent, 2000-3000 times of fenpropathrin emulsifiable concentrate, 1000-2000 times of 5% teflubenzuron emulsifiable concentrate or 1000-1500 times of 25% chlorbenzuron suspending agent.
Mites: the emulsion can be sprayed by 3000 times of 5% Nixoron missible oil, 3000-4000 times of 15% pyridazinone emulsion, 1500 times of 25% fenhexa wettable powder, 3000 times of 50% fenisobromolate missible oil or 3000 times of 50% ethyl ester miticide missible oil.
Example 2
(1) Selecting land: selecting neutral soil with loose soil, fertile soil and pH value of 7.0 to plant fingered citron in a slope with a slope of 15 degrees, which is beneficial to irrigation and drainage;
(2) seedling culture: selecting a 7-year-old strong and high-yield stock plant, shearing old strong branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests, cutting off leaves and tender tips, cutting into cuttings with the length of 10-20 cm, flattening the upper end of each cutting, and cutting the lower end of each cutting into an oblique opening; grafting and propagating, namely grafting by adopting a cutting grafting method in 2-3 months in spring, grafting by adopting a side grafting method in 8-9 months in autumn, and selecting citron, lemon, orange or pomelo as a stock;
(3) planting: after the grafted seedlings are cultivated for one year, the grafted seedlings can be planted when the height of the grafted seedlings is 50-70 cm; the field planting can be carried out in both spring and autumn, generally, the temperature rises to 2-3 months in spring, and the field planting is best when new buds germinate; digging pits with the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 3m, wherein the pit depth is 30-50 cm, the pit diameter is 50-70 cm, and the arrangement of the pits is staggered and is triangular; putting 1 seedling in each pit, strengthening to enable fibrous roots to extend to the periphery, filling fine soil, treading tightly, and finally building soil to be higher than the ground;
(4) and (3) fertilizer and water management: applying farmyard manure and an N-P-K compound fertilizer once every 30-45 days after field planting; applying 0.25kg of compound fertilizer with the weight ratio of N-P-K being 1:1:0.5 to each finger citron tree, then applying 5kg of farmyard manure with the weight ratio of fertilizer to water being 1:1, irrigating and covering soil;
digging and fertilizing in a triangular blank zone in the middle of the bergamot tree, applying 1kg of compound fertilizer with the weight ratio of N-P-K being 1:1:0.5, applying 8kg of farmyard manure with the weight ratio of fertilizer to water being 1:1, and covering soil after irrigating; irrigating water 5-8 days after fertilization, completely filling the water, particularly taking 1-2 cm of dry ground surface as an irrigation indicator in dry seasons, and ensuring the ditch to be smooth in rainy seasons so as to facilitate drainage;
(5) intertillage weeding: 3 times per year, and fertilization is combined; before budding in 2 months for the 1 st time, before and after summer solstice for the 2 nd time, and after fruit picking before and after frost heave for the 3 rd time; during intertillage, the soil layer inside the bergamot crown drip line cannot be dug deeply to prevent root damage, and the roots are hilled and clung once in winter;
(6) pruning branches: the finger citron has a low tree shape, more branches and a wide crown, and is required to be pruned and cultivated into a shrub shape or a dwarf tree shape through pruning; after planting for 9 months in the next year, re-shearing the Buddha hand trees to remove diseases, weak branches and old branches, observing the whole tree vigor, reserving 4-5 mother branches, and reserving 3-4 fruit branches on each mother branch;
(7) overwintering management: the optimal growth temperature of the fingered citron is 22-24 ℃, the fingered citron is difficult to survive in the winter in a low-temperature area, and a moisturizing and heat-preserving technology is adopted in the winter management technology; after the fingered citron enters the winter, when the temperature drops to 6-10 ℃, water is poured once, the base of the trunk is wound by a film for 20cm, the area in 60cm is covered by straw with the fingered citron trunk as the center, then fertilization and irrigation are not carried out, and fertilizer and water management is carried out after the temperature rises again in the beginning of spring, so that the fingered citron can live through the winter at a low temperature and the growth of weeds can be effectively inhibited.
(8) And (3) pest control: the diseases and insect pests of the fingered citron mainly comprise canker, anthracnose, sooty mould, leaf miner, butterfly citrus, panonychus citri, scale insect and red spider, etc.; wherein,
ulcer disease: the medicament can use l000 units/ml streptomycin sulfate and 1% alcohol as an auxiliary agent, or 20% phyllobite wettable powder 600 times liquid, or 50% dichlorfluzole 500-800 times liquid, or 50% procymidone 500-800 times liquid, or 1:1: spraying 200 Bordeaux mixture.
Anthracnose: cutting off insect-infected branches and bare-grown branches, removing fallen leaves on the ground, and burning the fallen leaves intensively; and (3) coating 1:1:10 Bordeaux mixture or 100-200 times of 70% thiophanate methyl (or 50% carbendazim) wettable powder on the wound after trimming.
Sooty mould: the 50% wettable powder of the kemeidan can be used for 800 times of liquid, or 80% wettable powder of 600 times of liquid, 40% wettable powder of Dafudan of 400 times of liquid, or 0.5: 1: spraying 100 times of Bordeaux mixture.
Leaf miner: the pesticide composition can be sprayed by using 3000-4000 times of 1% or 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable concentrate, or 2000-3000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 1500-2000 times of 24% Wanling emulsifiable concentrate, or 1000-2000 times of 5% pyriduron emulsifiable concentrate, or 1500-3000 times of 20% diflubenzuron suspending agent, or 2000-3000 times of fenpropathrin (benfurin) emulsifiable concentrate, or 1000-2000 times of 5% dinoteuron emulsifiable concentrate, or 1000-1500 times of 25% chlorbenzuron suspending agent.
Mites: the emulsion can be sprayed by 3000 times of 5% Nixoron missible oil, 3000-4000 times of 15% pyridazinone emulsion, 1500 times of 25% fenhexa wettable powder, 3000 times of 50% fenisobromolate missible oil or 3000 times of 50% ethyl ester miticide missible oil.
Test examples
The first test example:
1. test time: 2010-2013
2. Test site: seven groups of Yangxian city, Mianyang city, Sichuan gold fingered citron planting bases of Zhenxiang Lin village, Sichuan gold fingered citron agricultural science and technology development Co
3. Experimental materials: finger citron Citrus medica L (Chuan Buddha's hand, gold Buddha's hand)
4. Experimental treatment:
(1) the method comprises the following steps: a method for cultivating fingered citron in an overwintering way;
(2) the traditional planting method is adopted.
5. And (3) test results: analysis of variance shows that the difference between results obtained by adopting different processing methods reaches a very significant level, and multiple comparisons show that the survival rate is greatly increased to 92%; the treatment method in the step (2) is adopted to ensure that the overwintering survival rate of the fingered citron is only 46 percent.
Test example two:
1. test time: 2009-2011
2. Test site: chinese medicinal material planting base in stone ballast town of Jianyang city, Sichuan province, institute of economic farming of academy of agricultural sciences
3. Experimental materials: finger citron Citrus medica L (Chuan Buddha's hand, gold Buddha's hand)
4. Experimental treatment:
(1) the method comprises the following steps: a method for cultivating fingered citron in an overwintering way;
(2) the traditional planting method is adopted.
5. And (3) test results: analysis of variance shows that the difference between results obtained by adopting different processing methods reaches a very significant level, and multiple comparisons show that the survival rate is greatly increased to 95%; the treatment method in the step (2) is adopted to ensure that the overwintering survival rate of the fingered citron is only 50 percent.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the claims. Various modifications and adaptations which may occur to those skilled in the art without inventive faculty, within the scope defined by the claims, are still protected by the present patent.
Claims (3)
1. A fingered citron overwintering cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) land selection
Selecting a sunny slope land with fertile and loose soil and the pH value of the soil being 5.5-7.0 to plant fingered citron; the gradient of the sloping field is 5-15 degrees;
2) seedling raising
Selecting a 5-8-year-old robust stock plant, and cutting old healthy branches which grow vigorously and have no diseases and insect pests for cuttage or grafting propagation;
3) planting
Planting annual fingered citron seedlings which are bred by cutting or grafting and are 50-70 cm high; digging pits with the depth of 30-50 cm and the diameter of 50-70 cm according to the plant row spacing of 3m multiplied by 3 m; the pits are arranged in a triangular shape;
placing fingered citron seedlings in the pits, extending the roots of the fingered citron to the periphery, compacting, and hilling to be higher than the ground;
4) management of fertilizer and water
Applying farmyard manure and an N-P-K compound fertilizer once every 30-45 days after field planting;
the N-P-K ratio of each finger citron tree is 1:1:0.5 kg of compound fertilizer 0.2-0.25 kg, 3-5 kg of farmyard manure with the ratio of fertilizing water to 1:1, and covering soil after irrigation;
digging and fertilizing a triangular blank zone in the middle of the bergamot tree, applying 0.6-1 kg of compound fertilizer with the N-P-K ratio of 1:1:0.5, applying 6-8 kg of farmyard manure with the fertilizer water ratio of 1:1, and covering soil after irrigating;
irrigating water 5-8 days after fertilization, and completely filling the water; in dry seasons, the condition that the ground surface is 1-2 cm dry is taken as the standard, and in rainy seasons, the ditch is ensured to be smooth so as to facilitate drainage;
5) intertillage weeding
3 times per year; before budding in 2 months for the 1 st time, before and after summer solstice for the 2 nd time, and after fruit picking before and after downy for the 3 rd time;
during intertillage, the soil layer inside the bergamot crown drip line cannot be dug deeply to prevent the roots from being damaged; hilling and stumping are needed once in winter;
6) pruning and shaping
After planting for 9 months in the next year, re-shearing the Buddha hand trees to remove diseases, weak branches and old branches, observing the whole tree vigor, reserving 4-5 mother branches, and reserving 3-4 fruit branches on each mother branch;
7) overwintering management
After winter, when the temperature drops to 6-10 ℃, watering once, winding the base of the trunk by a film for 15-20 cm, and covering the area within 40-60 cm by using straw with the finger citron trunk as the center to achieve the effects of moisture preservation and heat preservation, then not fertilizing and watering, and when the temperature rises in spring, then managing the fertilizer and water.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the seedling raising step, when cutting propagation is carried out, the cutting propagation is carried out in 2-4 months in spring or 8-10 months in autumn;
when grafting propagation is carried out, the grafting propagation is carried out in 2-3 months in spring or 8-9 months in autumn; the rootstock is citron, lemon, orange or pomelo.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when grafting propagation is carried out, grafting is carried out by adopting a cutting grafting method in 2-3 months in spring, and grafting is carried out by adopting a side grafting method in 8-9 months in autumn.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410352043.6A CN104094763A (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2014-07-23 | Finger citron overwintering cultivation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410352043.6A CN104094763A (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2014-07-23 | Finger citron overwintering cultivation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104094763A true CN104094763A (en) | 2014-10-15 |
Family
ID=51663601
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410352043.6A Pending CN104094763A (en) | 2014-07-23 | 2014-07-23 | Finger citron overwintering cultivation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104094763A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105123374A (en) * | 2015-07-19 | 2015-12-09 | 王迪瑞 | High-yield cultivation technology for ecological oranges |
| CN105359910A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-02 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Sowing and breeding method for medicinal Citrus medica |
| CN105875120A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆中江农业有限公司 | Method for planting finger citrons |
| CN105875210A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-24 | 广西玉林天地网农业科技有限公司 | Method for grafting bergamots |
| CN106034898A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-26 | 广西玉林天地网农业科技有限公司 | Planting method of bergamot |
| CN106376362A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-02-08 | 韦声荣 | Breeding method of smooth-pericarp kumquats |
| CN108243884A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-06 | 湘西土家族苗族自治州农业科学研究院 | A kind of field wintering storage method of detoxification ginger original silkworm egg |
| CN109220473A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆佛友农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of fingered citron |
| CN112679254A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-20 | 四川农业大学 | Fertilizer for planting fingered citron, fertilizing method and fertilizing device |
-
2014
- 2014-07-23 CN CN201410352043.6A patent/CN104094763A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105875120A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆中江农业有限公司 | Method for planting finger citrons |
| CN105123374A (en) * | 2015-07-19 | 2015-12-09 | 王迪瑞 | High-yield cultivation technology for ecological oranges |
| CN105359910A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-03-02 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | Sowing and breeding method for medicinal Citrus medica |
| CN105359910B (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2018-03-20 | 江苏农牧科技职业学院 | A kind of sowing and breeding method of medicinal citron |
| CN106034898A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-10-26 | 广西玉林天地网农业科技有限公司 | Planting method of bergamot |
| CN105875210A (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2016-08-24 | 广西玉林天地网农业科技有限公司 | Method for grafting bergamots |
| CN106376362A (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-02-08 | 韦声荣 | Breeding method of smooth-pericarp kumquats |
| CN108243884A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-07-06 | 湘西土家族苗族自治州农业科学研究院 | A kind of field wintering storage method of detoxification ginger original silkworm egg |
| CN109220473A (en) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-01-18 | 重庆佛友农业发展有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of fingered citron |
| CN112679254A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-20 | 四川农业大学 | Fertilizer for planting fingered citron, fertilizing method and fertilizing device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105941065B (en) | Soft seed pomegranate greenhouse planting method | |
| CN104094763A (en) | Finger citron overwintering cultivation method | |
| CN109220465A (en) | A kind of cultivation and pruning method of Chinese pricklyash | |
| CN106900461B (en) | Bionic compound operation method of vine tea, woody oil crops and mountain rice | |
| CN106342638B (en) | Method for strengthening trunk of pear tree in labor-saving tree form | |
| CN110786199B (en) | Citrus planting method | |
| CN110476691B (en) | Carya illinoensis spindle-shaped tree form and shaping method thereof | |
| CN106888921A (en) | The method of Ji ALFISOL IN CENTRAL vine hard branch cuttage building well | |
| CN105794584A (en) | Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting | |
| CN107114182B (en) | Eucalyptus seed garden dwarfing and windproof cultivation method and eucalyptus seed garden | |
| CN107318557A (en) | A kind of plantation method of late-maturing citrus | |
| CN108605630A (en) | A kind of height of apocarya fruit material dual-purpose determines drying method | |
| CN106718624A (en) | The cultural method of Ke Lunsheng currants | |
| CN113261465B (en) | Quick citrus orchard forming method | |
| CN110583270A (en) | Rapid garden building method for grafting after citrus stock saplings are planted | |
| CN110810100A (en) | Method for sowing, seedling raising and afforestation of photinia serrulata in winter | |
| CN108496670A (en) | A kind of red navel orange standardized planting technology of dragon time | |
| CN108124623A (en) | A kind of breeding method of trees grafting high and changing head | |
| CN112021168A (en) | Method for planting dendrobium officinale by using straw ropes to simulate wild trees | |
| CN106550758A (en) | Flos Lonicerae implantation methods | |
| CN113647299B (en) | Polygonatum kingianum planting method in under-forest herb co-cultivation mode | |
| CN113973600B (en) | Method for grafting and cultivating pecan with xylem bud by taking square bark | |
| CN111133945B (en) | High-benefit intercropping cultivation method for apricot trees in sandy soil barren land | |
| CN110012771B (en) | Early high-yield cultivation method for golden camellia | |
| CN110583338A (en) | Cultivation method for sweet cherries in south |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20141015 |