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Intelligence and gender (in)equality: empirical evidence from developing countries

Author

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  • Salahodjaev, Raufhon
  • Azam, Sardor
Abstract
This paper makes an attempt to explore whether intelligence of nations is related to gender inequality, measured by Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), in developing countries. Related literature robustly links intelligence to economic development, poverty, quality of institutions and informal economic activity. Controlling for conventional antecedents of gender inequality (i.e. religion, political regime, legal origins and trade openness), this paper finds that, on average, a 10-point increase in national IQ scores in the developing world is associated with an 8.2 point reduction in SIGI, ceteris paribus. To test the robustness of our findings we apply instrumental variables (IV) and robust regression methods. We also test whether our results are sensitive to the choice of control variables and heterogeneity of nations in our sample. The negative association of intelligence with gender inequality remains statistically significant and intact in all cases.

Suggested Citation

  • Salahodjaev, Raufhon & Azam, Sardor, 2015. "Intelligence and gender (in)equality: empirical evidence from developing countries," MPRA Paper 66295, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:66295
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    3. Salahodjaev, Raufhon, 2015. "Does intelligence help fighting inflation: an empirical test?," MPRA Paper 66882, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Odilova, Shoirahon & Xiaomin, Gu, 2016. "IPR protection, intelligence and economic growth: a cross-country empirical investigation," MPRA Paper 71226, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Salahodjaev, Raufhon & Odilova, Shoirahon & Andrés, Antonio R., 2016. "Intelligence and Crime: A novel evidence for software piracy," MPRA Paper 71569, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    6. Ziroat Mirziyoyeva & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2022. "Women’s Parliamentary Representation and Sustainable Development Goals: a Cross-Country Evidence," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 17(2), pages 871-883, April.
    7. Arye L. Hillman & Niklas Potrafke, 2016. "Economic Freedom and Religion: An Empirical Investigation," CESifo Working Paper Series 6017, CESifo.
    8. Burhan, Nik Ahmad Sufian & Che Razak, Razli & Selamat, Muhamad Rosli & Rosli, Muhamad Ridhwan, 2017. "Intellectual Giftedness for Leadership: How Robust is the Crime Reducing Effect of Intellectual Class?," MPRA Paper 77467, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Gouda, Moamen & Potrafke, Niklas, 2016. "Gender equality in Muslim-majority countries," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 40(4), pages 683-698.
    10. Odilova, Shoirahon, 2017. "Cognitive abilities, institutions and software piracy: a note," MPRA Paper 76861, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Arye L. Hillman & Niklas Potrafke, 2018. "Economic Freedom and Religion," Public Finance Review, , vol. 46(2), pages 249-275, March.
    12. Simplice A. Asongu & Raufhon Salahodjaev, 2022. "Do female parliamentarians improve environmental quality? Cross-country evidence," Working Papers of the African Governance and Development Institute. 22/001, African Governance and Development Institute..
    13. Salahodjaev, Raufhon, 2015. "IQ and the wellbeing of nations," MPRA Paper 66356, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Simplice A. Asongu & Oasis Kodila-Tedika, 2018. "“This One Is 400 Libyan Dinars, This One Is 500”: Insights from Cognitive Human Capital and Slave Trade," International Economic Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 32(2), pages 291-306, April.
    15. Azam, Sardor, 2017. "A cross-country empirical test of cognitive abilities and innovation nexus," International Journal of Educational Development, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 128-136.
    16. Skare, Marinko & Porada-Rochoń, Małgorzata, 2022. "Technology and social equality in the United States," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    17. Azam, Sardor, 2016. "Does intelligence explain why nations differ in online political participation?," MPRA Paper 72731, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Simplice A. Asongu & Oasis Kodila-Tedika, 2018. "“This one is 400 Libyan dinars, this one is 500†: Insights from Cognitive Human Capital and Slave Trade," AFEA Working Papers 18/014, African Finance and Economic Association (AFEA).
    19. Burhan, Nik Ahmad Sufian & Che Razak, Razli & Rosli, Muhamad Ridhwan & Selamat, Muhamad Rosli, 2017. "The Bell Curve of Intelligence, Economic Growth and Technological Achievement: How Robust is the Cross-Country Evidence?," MPRA Paper 77469, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Salahodjaev, Raufhon, 2017. "Government size, intelligence and life satisfaction," MPRA Paper 76902, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    21. Salahodjaev, Raufhon, 2016. "Intelligence and deforestation: International data," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 20-27.
    22. Eshchanov, Bahtiyor & Abdurazzakova, Dilnovoz & Yuldashev, Oybek & Salahodjaev, Raufhon & Ahrorov, Farkhod & Komilov, Asliddin & Eshchanov, Ruzumboy, 2021. "Is there a link between cognitive abilities and renewable energy adoption: Evidence from Uzbekistan using micro data," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 141(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    intelligence; IQ; gender equality; cross-country; SIGI; developing countries;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General
    • J7 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination

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