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Cooperative R&D under Uncertainty with Free Entry

Author

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  • Nisvan Erkal:Daniel Piccinin
Abstract
In the last few decades, the effects of cooperative R&D arrangements on innovation and welfare have played an important role in policy making. The goal of this paper is to analyze the effects of cooperative R&D arrangements in a model with a stochastic R&D process and output spillovers. Our main innovation is to allow for free entry in both the R&D race and the product market. To determine the desirability of cooperation in R&D environments, we compare three different ways of organizing R&D activities: R&D competition, R&D cartels, and RJV cartels. In contrast with the literature, we assume that cooperative R&D arrangements do not have to include all of the firms in the industry. We show that sharing of research outcomes is a necessary condition for the profitability of cooperative R&D arrangements with free entry. The profitability of RJV cartels depends on their size. The impact of cooperative R&D arrangements on the aggregate level of innovation depends on whether there are participants in the R&D race who are a part of the cooperative R&D arrangement. If some outsiders choose to participate in the R&D race, the aggregate rate of innovation remains unaffected by the formation of a cooperative R&D arrangement. Otherwise, it increases. R&D cartels may be welfare-improving in cases when they cause the aggregate rate of innovation to increase. In such cases, it may be desirable to subsidize them. Since sharing of R&D outcomes affects the equilibrium number of firms in the product market after the R&D race, the consumer welfare effects of RJV cartels are sensitive to the specification of consumer preferences. Subsidies may be desirable in cases of larger RJVs since they are the ones which are less likely to be profitable.

Suggested Citation

  • Nisvan Erkal:Daniel Piccinin, 2007. "Cooperative R&D under Uncertainty with Free Entry," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 999, The University of Melbourne.
    • Handle: RePEc:mlb:wpaper:999
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    Cited by:

    1. Dawid, H. & Kopel, M. & Kort, P.M., 2013. "R&D competition versus R&D cooperation in oligopolistic markets with evolving structure," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 31(5), pages 527-537.
    2. Khazabi, Massoud & Quyen, Nguyen, 2011. "R&D Spillovers, Innovation, and Entry," MPRA Paper 39460, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    3. Cao, Zong-Hong & Zhou, Yong-Wu & Zhao, Ju & Li, Chang-Wen, 2015. "Entry mode selection and its impact on an incumbent supply chain coordination," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 1-13.
    4. Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay & Arijit Mukherjee, 2014. "R&D Cooperation with Entry," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 82(1), pages 52-70, January.
    5. Shixun Wang & Lihong Yang, 2022. "The Network Structure of Innovation Networks," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 65-96, March.
    6. MIYAGIWA, Kaz & SISSOKO, Amy & SONG, Huasheng, 2015. "The free-rider problem and the optimal duration of research joint ventures: theory and evidence from the Eureka program," Discussion paper series 2015-02, Hitotsubashi Institute for Advanced Study, Hitotsubashi University.
    7. Yanfang Zhang & Yuchang Ji & Qianwen Tan, 2023. "Endogenous spillovers in a non‐tournament R&D duopoly under uncertainty," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(1), pages 208-214, January.
    8. Richard Gretz & Jannett Highfill & Robert Scott, 2012. "R&D subsidy games: a cost sharing approach vs. reward for performance," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 37(4), pages 385-403, August.
    9. Sudipto Bhattacharya & Claude d’Aspremont & Sergei Guriev & Debapriya Sen & Yair Tauman, 2014. "Cooperation in R&D: Patenting, Licensing, and Contracting," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Kalyan Chatterjee & William Samuelson (ed.), Game Theory and Business Applications, edition 2, chapter 0, pages 265-286, Springer.
    10. Chris Y. Tung & Chun-Chieh Wang, 2014. "Cost Signals under Uncertain R&D Outcomes," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(3-4), pages 207-229, December.
    11. Simon P. Anderson, Nisvan Erkal and, 2009. "Aggregative Oligopoly Games with Entry," Department of Economics - Working Papers Series 1175, The University of Melbourne, revised 2013.
    12. Federico Etro, 2010. "Endogenous market structures and antitrust policy," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 57(1), pages 9-45, March.
    13. Wang, Shixun & Yang, Lihong, 2022. "Spatial competition, strategic R&D and the structure of innovation networks," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 13-31.
    14. Xing Gao & Ying Wang, 2023. "Competitive analysis of R&D investment with R&D budget constraint and R&D uncertainty," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(4), pages 2438-2456, June.
    15. Banerjee Tannista & Sengupta Aditi, 2019. "Believe It or Not: Strategic Licensing Makes R&D Alliance Profitable," The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, De Gruyter, vol. 19(4), pages 1-6, October.
    16. Chiara CONTI, 2013. "Asymmetric information in a duopoly with spillovers: new findings on the effects of RJVs," Departmental Working Papers 2013-04, Department of Economics, Management and Quantitative Methods at Università degli Studi di Milano.
    17. Jingong Huang, 2018. "Technology Network, Innovation And Growth," 2018 Meeting Papers 178, Society for Economic Dynamics.
    18. BeomJu Park & Chang-Yang Lee, 2023. "Does R&D cooperation with competitors cause firms to invest in R&D more intensively? evidence from Korean manufacturing firms," The Journal of Technology Transfer, Springer, vol. 48(3), pages 1045-1076, June.
    19. Chiu Yu Ko & Xuyao Zhang, 2020. "Research joint venture with technology transfer," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(1), pages 341-358, February.
    20. Kaz Miyagiwa & Aminata Sissoko, 2013. "The free-rider problem and the optimal duration of research joint ventures: theory and evidence from the Eureka program," Working Papers 1302, Florida International University, Department of Economics.
    21. Raúl Bajo‐Buenestado, 2023. "Efficient regulated entry in competitive markets with demand uncertainty," International Journal of Economic Theory, The International Society for Economic Theory, vol. 19(2), pages 413-422, June.
    22. Fang, Lei & Li, Yanlin & Govindan, Kannan, 2024. "Entry mode selection for a new entrant of the electric vehicle automaker," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 313(1), pages 270-280.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cooperative R&D; Research joint ventures; Free entry; Uncertain R&D; Technology spillovers.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L1 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance
    • L4 - Industrial Organization - - Antitrust Issues and Policies
    • O3 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights

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