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Euroskepticism in the Crisis: More Mood than Economy

Author

Listed:
  • Ritzen, Jo

    (affiliation not available)

  • Zimmermann, Klaus F.

    (University of Bonn)

  • Wehner, Caroline

    (BIBB)

Abstract
Before the Great Recession, rising income inequality within the European Union member states has been considered to be one driver for an increasing Euroskepticism. Using rich data on attitudes towards European integration from the Eurobarometer (EB) surveys, we revisit the issue by analyzing the relation between macroeconomic indicators, socio-economic background variables, individual attitudes and the level of Euroskepticism within the 27 EU member states for the period 2006 to 2011. Our analysis shows that Euroskepticism has increased by on third during the financial crisis, while income inequality on average stayed stable. We find that the increase in Euroskepticism is mostly due to " mood:" the fear of losing cultural identity and financial expectations and by large unrelated to economic background variables like income inequality. We find evidence that negative financial expectations are positively related to Euroskepticism in Western European countries and negatively related to Euroskepticism in Eastern European countries. That suggests that financially pessimistic people in Western Europe might interpret European integration as a threat to their financial situation, while Eastern European people might view it as a chance to improve their economic situation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ritzen, Jo & Zimmermann, Klaus F. & Wehner, Caroline, 2014. "Euroskepticism in the Crisis: More Mood than Economy," IZA Discussion Papers 8001, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp8001
    as

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    File URL: https://docs.iza.org/dp8001.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Paolo Masella, 2013. "National identity and ethnic diversity," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 26(2), pages 437-454, April.
    2. Amelie F. Constant & Klaus F. Zimmermann (ed.), 2013. "International Handbook on the Economics of Migration," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 4026.
    3. Mau, Steffen, 2005. "Europe from the Bottom: Assessing Personal Gains and Losses and its Effects on EU Support," Journal of Public Policy, Cambridge University Press, vol. 25(3), pages 289-311, December.
    4. Jason Beckfield, 2006. "European Integration and Income Inequality," LIS Working papers 447, LIS Cross-National Data Center in Luxembourg.
    5. Wilde, Joachim, 2000. "Identification of multiple equation probit models with endogenous dummy regressors," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 69(3), pages 309-312, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    Cited by:

    1. Daniel Pastorek, 2020. "Measuring the Public Perception of the European Integration Process: Evidence from the United Kingdom and Germany," European Journal of Business Science and Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Business and Economics, vol. 6(2), pages 113-126.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    unemployment; economic growth; expectations; income inequality; Euroskepticism;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • O52 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - Europe
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • Z18 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Public Policy

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