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Changing Patterns of Fiscal Policy Multipliers in Germany, the UK and the US

Author

Listed:
  • Jacopo Cimadomo

    (CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique, European Central Bank - ECB)

  • Agnès Bénassy-Quéré

    (CES - Centre d'économie de la Sorbonne - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - ENPC - École des Ponts ParisTech - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement, CEPII - Centre d'Etudes Prospectives et d'Informations Internationales - Centre d'analyse stratégique)

Abstract
This paper documents time variation in fiscal policy multipliers in Germany, the UK and the US over the period 1971-2009. The analysis is based on a quarterly vector autoregression (VAR) model. For the German and the UK cases, the VAR is augmented by "global factors" representing developments in the world economy. By estimating these models on different samples of data, our evidence indicates that fiscal multipliers have substantially changed over time, often in a non-monotonic way. In particular, for Germany, the net tax multiplier is found to follow a humped-shaped curve, peaking in the middle of the 1990s, declining thereafter, before rising again during the recent 2008-2009 crisis. Government spending shocks are found to be more powerful to stimulate output after the reunification. We show that significant crowding-in effects for private investments contribute to explain this finding. For the UK, we observe large variations in fiscal multipliers over the period, with non-Keynesian developments during the fiscal consolidation period of the 1980s. After that, British multipliers are low and only pick up at the very end of the sample, when the 2008-2009 crisis is included in the analysis. For the US, short-run multipliers appear to be broadly stable over the period, but medium-run multipliers tend to decline, in particular in the end of the 1980s and in the 1990s. This can be due to the large fiscal imbalances over this period that may have triggered Ricardian effects, before a fiscal surplus was achieved at the end of the 1990s.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacopo Cimadomo & Agnès Bénassy-Quéré, 2012. "Changing Patterns of Fiscal Policy Multipliers in Germany, the UK and the US," PSE-Ecole d'économie de Paris (Postprint) hal-00966144, HAL.
    • Handle: RePEc:hal:pseptp:hal-00966144
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2012.02.006
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    2. C. Glocker & G. Sestieri & P. Towbin, 2017. "Time-varying fiscal spending multipliers in the UK," Working papers 643, Banque de France.
    3. Matteo Deleidi & Davide Romaniello & Francesca Tosi, 2021. "Quantifying fiscal multipliers in Italy: A Panel SVAR analysis using regional data," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(5), pages 1158-1177, October.
    4. Ackon, Kwabena Meneabe, 2013. "Effect Of Fiscal Policy Shocks In Brazil," MPRA Paper 100741, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. James Foreman-Peck, 2014. "Great recessions compared," Investigaciones de Historia Económica - Economic History Research (IHE-EHR), Journal of the Spanish Economic History Association, Asociación Española de Historia Económica, vol. 10(02), pages 92-103.
    6. Ouliaris, Sam & Rochon, Celine, 2021. "Pre- and Post-Global Financial Crisis Policy Multipliers#," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    7. Bilge Erten, 2012. "Macroeconomic Transmission of Eurozone Shocks to Emerging Economies," International Economics, CEPII research center, issue 131, pages 43-70.
    8. Iiboshi, Hirokuni & Iwata, Yasuharu & Kajita, Yuto & Soma, Naoto, 2019. "Time-varying Fiscal Multipliers Identified by Systematic Component: A Bayesian Approach to TVP-SVAR model," MPRA Paper 92631, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. van der Wielen, Wouter, 2020. "The macroeconomic effects of tax changes: Evidence using real-time data for the European Union," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 302-321.
    10. Andrea Boitani & Salvatore Perdichizzi, 2018. "Public Expenditure Multipliers in recessions. Evidence from the Eurozone," DISCE - Working Papers del Dipartimento di Economia e Finanza def068, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Dipartimenti e Istituti di Scienze Economiche (DISCE).
    11. Glocker, Christian & Sestieri, Giulia & Towbin, Pascal, 2019. "Time-varying government spending multipliers in the UK," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 180-197.
    12. Rozina Shaheen & Paul Turner, 2020. "Fiscal multipliers and the level of economic activity: a structural threshold VAR model for the UK," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(17), pages 1857-1865, April.
    13. de Walque, Gregory & Pisani, Massimiliano & Kilponen, Juha & Thomas, Carlos & Hlédik, Tibor & Hurtado, Samuel & Hollmayr, Josef & Corbo, Vesna & Schmidt, Sebastian & Micallef, Brian & Maria, José R. &, 2015. "Comparing fiscal multipliers across models and countries in Europe," Working Paper Series 1760, European Central Bank.
    14. D. Březina & P. Hlaváčková, 2016. "Quantification of the influence of the Training Forest Enterprise Masaryk Forest Křtiny on the local economy of the region," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 62(6), pages 245-252.
    15. Rozina Shaheen, 2019. "Impact of Fiscal Policy on Consumption and Labor Supply under a Time-Varying Structural VAR Model," Economies, MDPI, vol. 7(2), pages 1-15, June.
    16. Jacopo Cimadomo & Antonello D'Agostino, 2016. "Combining Time Variation and Mixed Frequencies: an Analysis of Government Spending Multipliers in Italy," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 31(7), pages 1276-1290, November.
    17. Koester, Gerrit B. & Priesmeier, Christoph, 2015. "The Timing and Responsiveness of Fiscal Policy over the Business Cycle in Germany," MPRA Paper 68412, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    18. Lalik, Magdalena, 2017. "Interactions between fiscal multipliers and sovereign risk premium during fiscal consolidation: model based assessment for the euro area," Working Paper Series 2016, European Central Bank.
    19. Rebei Nooman, 2021. "Evaluating Changes in the Transmission Mechanism of Government Spending Shocks," The B.E. Journal of Macroeconomics, De Gruyter, vol. 21(1), pages 253-280, January.
    20. Hüseyin ŞEN & Ayşe KAYA, 2017. "Mali Konsolidasyon Büyüme ve İstihdam için Bir Çıpa mı, Mali Tuzak mı? Teorik ve Ampirik Literatür Temelli Bir Analiz," Sosyoekonomi Journal, Sosyoekonomi Society, issue 25(34).
    21. Cavallari, Lilia & Romano, Simone, 2017. "Fiscal policy in Europe: The importance of making it predictable," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 81-97.
    22. David BŘEZINA & Petra HLAVÁČKOVÁ & Jakub MICHAL & Hana SLOVÁČKOVÁ & Jitka MEŇHÁZOVÁ, 2018. "Quantification of the influence of Písek City Forests Ltd. on the local economy of the region," Journal of Forest Science, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 64(9), pages 371-378.
    23. Nicoletta Pashourtidou & Christos S. Savva & Nicolas Syrichas, 2014. "The Effects of Fiscal Consolidation on Macroeconomic Indicators in Cyprus," Cyprus Economic Policy Review, University of Cyprus, Economics Research Centre, vol. 8(1), pages 93-119, June.
    24. Philip Arestis & Ayşe Kaya & Hüseyin Şen, 2018. "Does fiscal consolidation promote economic growth and employment? Evidence from the PIIGGS countries," European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention, Edward Elgar Publishing, vol. 15(3), pages 289-312, November.
    25. Nkrumah, Kwabena Meneabe, 2013. "Effect of Fiscal Policy Shocks in Brazil," MPRA Paper 85432, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Crisis; Fiscal Policy; Government; Output; Policy; Tax;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E30 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • E61 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Policy Objectives; Policy Designs and Consistency; Policy Coordination
    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • H30 - Public Economics - - Fiscal Policies and Behavior of Economic Agents - - - General

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